范文一:英语过去完成时的用法总结
定义
过去完成时?(past perfe?ct)表示在过去?某一时间或?动作之前已?经发生或完?成了的动作?或状态。
它表示句子?中描述的动?作发生在“过去的过去?”。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词v?pp.(done)
?肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.
?否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.
?一般疑问句?:Had+主语+过去分词?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+had not .
?特殊疑问句?:特殊疑问词?或词组+一般疑问句?(Had+主语+过去分词), 基本用法
表示在过去?某一时刻或?动作以前完?成了的动作?,也可以说过?去的时间关?于过去的动?作。即“过去的过去?”。可以用by?, befor?e等介词短?语或一个时间状语从来表示,也可以用一?句?个表示过去?的动作来表?示,还可能通过?上下文来表?示。
例如: By nine o’clock last night , we had got 200 pictu res from the space ship. 到昨晚9点 钟,我们已经收 到200 张飞船发来 的图片。
过去完成时 -语法判定
1. 由时间状语 来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的?时间状语。与过去完成?时连用的时?间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间?点。如:
I had finis?hed readi?ng the novel? by nine o'clock? last night?.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间?点。如:
We had learn?ed over two thous?and Engli?sh words? by the end of last term.
( 3 ) befor?e + 过去的时间?点。如:
They had plant?ed six hundr?ed trees? befor?e last Wedne?sday.
2. 由“过去的过去 ”来判定。
过去完成时?表示“过去的过去?”,是指过去某?一动作之前?已经发生或?完成的动作?,即动作有先?后关系,动作在前的?用过去完成?时,在后的用一?般过去时。这种用法常?出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中?
当宾语从句?的主句为一?般过去时,且从句的动?作先于主句?的动作时,从句要用过?去完成时。在told?, said, knew, heard?, thoug?ht等动词?后的宾语从?句。如:
She said that she had seen the film befor?e.
( 2 )状语从句中?
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语?从句中,主、从句的动作?发生有先后?关系,动作在前的?,要用过去完?成时,动作在后的?要用一般过?去时。如:
After? he had finis?hed his homew?ork, he went to bed.
注意: befor?e, after? 引导的时间?状语从句中?,由于 befor?e 和 after? 本身已表达?了动作的先?后关系,若主、从句表示的?动作紧密相?连,则主、从句都用一?般过去时。如:
After? he close?d the door, he left the class?room.
(3)表示意向的?动词,如hope?, wish, expec?t, think?, inten?d, mean, suppo?se等,用过去完成?时表示"原本…,未能…"?
We had hoped? that you would? come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定 。
I met Wang Tao in the stree?t yeste?rday. We hadn't seen each other? since? he went to Beiji?ng.
过去完成时 -语法区别
一、 过去完成时 与现在完成 时的区别
现在完成时?表示的动作?发生在过去?,以现在的时?间为基点,但侧重对现?在产生的结?果或造成的?影响,与现在有关?,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时?则是一个相?对的时态,以过去时间?为基点,它所表示的?动作不仅发?生在过去,更强调“过去的过去?”,只有和过去?某时或某动?作相比较时?,才用到它。
比较:I have learn?ed 1000 Engli?sh words? so far.到目前为止?我已经学会?了 1000 个英语单词?。
I had learn?ed 1000 Engli?sh words? till then.到那时为止?我已经学会?了 1000 个英语单词?。
— I'm sorry? to keep you waiti?ng. 对不起,让你久等了?。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minut?es.没什么,我只等了几?分钟。(“等”的动作从过?去某一时间?点持续到现?在)
二、过去完成时 与一般过去 时的区别
虽然这两种?时态都表示?过去发生的?动作或存在?的状态,但在使用时?应注意以下?几点:
1. 时间状语不?同:过去完成时?在时间上强?调“过去的过去?”;而一般过去?时只强调过?去某一特定?的时间。
比较:They had arriv?ed at the stati?on by ten yeste?rday.
They arriv?ed at the stati?on at ten yeste?rday.
2. 在没有明确?的过去时间?状语作标志?时,谓语动词动?作发生的时?间先后须依?据上下文来?判断:先发生的用?过去完成时?,后发生的则?用一般过去?时。
She was very happy?. Her whole? famil?y were pleas?ed with her, too. She had just won th
e first? in the compo?sitio?n compe?titio?n.
3. 当两个或两?个以上接连?发生的动作?用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序?,只需用一般?过去时来代?替过去完成?时;另外,在 befor?e , after? , as soon as 引导的从句?中,由于这些连?词本身已经?表示出时间?的先后,因此也可以?用过去时来?代替过去完?成时。
He enter?ed the room, turne?d on the light? and read an eveni?ng paper?.
范文二:英语过去完成时的用法大全
一、往期回顾
英语现在进行时的用法大全
英语一般现在时的用法大全
英语一般过去时的用法大全
英语一般将来时的用法大全
英语现在完成时的用法大全
英语过去进行时的用法大全
二、过去完成时
(一)定义
表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。如:
He was proud of what he had done. (他因自己所作的事感到自豪。)
上句中的was proud已经是过去的动作,而他所做的事情又发生在感到自豪之前,所以是“过去的过去”,要用过去完成时,即had done。
(二)基本结构
过去完成时的句子结构一般为:
主语 had 过去分词(done) 其他成分
如:
After I had read it I was filled with horror. (我读完它之後,心里充满了恐怖。)
By the age of 10 he had learned to play the piano for five years. (他在10岁的时候,已经学了五年的钢琴。)
(三)主要用法
1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作。如:
When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (这匹马结束比赛时,脊背被汗水湿透了。)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (你离开房子之后,我发现了你的外衣。)
2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:
Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多岁,他还过着青年人的生活。)
When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在这儿住了两三天,才觉得没有什么拘束。)
(四)标志性词语
过去完成时常见的标志性时间状语主要有:
1、by the end of 过去时间
By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底,我们已经解决了100多个问题。)
2、by the time 从句(动作发生在过去)
By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她离开这个城市的时候,她的存款已全部用完。)
3、by (the time of) 过去时间
He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上个七月为止,他已经教了四年数学了。)
4、before 过去时间
He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上个月以前他从来没有骑过马。)
(五)“过去的过去”的常见情况
1、宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句采用一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。这种情况多见于间接引语的用法里,其主句的谓语动词常见的有told、said、knew、heard、thought、asked等。如:
The accused man said he had been framed. (被告说他受人陷害了。)
He told me that he had met her the night before. (他告诉我他曾在那前一天晚上见过她。)
He asked her what she really had meant. (他问她究竟是什么意思。)
2、状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作如果先后发生,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
The land came in sight after we had sailed for ten days. (我们在海上航行了十天,终于看见了陆地。)
If she had said that, she told a real whopper. (要是她那么说的,她就是说了个大瞎话。)
I remained up because my uncle had come to see me. (因为我叔叔来看我,所以我一直没有睡。)
Everything fell out as we had anticipated. (一切结果正如我们所预料的那样。)
3、特殊动词后
英语中有hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等表意向、想法、愿望、建议等的动词,采用过去完成时,可以表示'原本…',其后经常会接由but引导的句子,而该句的谓语动词一般采用一般过去时。如:
He had hoped to set a new world record, but was frustrated by bad weather. (他本希望能创造新的世界纪录,但因天气恶劣而未果。)
He had thought that he was qualified as a judge. (他曾一度认为他有资格作一位法官。)
I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time. (我原想做个蛋糕,但没有时间。)
We had supposed that we would be able to see more of Shanghai, but time didn't permit. (我们本打算能多看看上海,但时间却不允许了。)
(六)句型转换
因为“had done”中的was/were是助动词,所以在进行句型转换中要注意不需要再另外借助助动词do/did/does,而是直接借用had。如:
肯定句:He had worked here for a good many years. (他在这里工作了很多年了。)
否定句:He hadn't worked here for a good many years.
一般疑问句:Had he worked here for a good many years?
特殊疑问句:How long had he worked here? (划线部分为a good many years)
(七)特殊句型
1、虚拟条件句
当if引导的虚拟条件句是针对过去时间发生的事情时,if从句的谓语动词就会采用过去完成时。如:
If I had asked for directions, I would not have got lost. (如果我问一下方向,我就不会迷路了。)
2、时间状语从句
在表“一...就...”的时间状语从句中,有两个特殊的句型较为常用,即hardly...when...和no sooner...than...。句中先发生的动作要采用过去完成时,后发生的动作要采用一般过去时。如:
He had hardly seen me when he ran off. (他一看到我就跑掉了。)
I had no sooner left than she called. (我刚走她就打来了电话。)
【注意】
当hardly或no sooner提到句首时,会引起倒装。上面的两句话就会变为:
Hardly had he seen me when he ran off.
No sooner had I left than she called.
(八)小试牛刀
根据前后文,用所给词语的适当形式填空。
参考答案请到文章底部的留言处查询。
范文三:过去完成时的用法
过去完成时
1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,也可能是早已完成或结束即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。
过去完成时由“had +动词的过去分词”构成, had通常用于任何人称。
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一
动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打
了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,
转眼又卖了。
注:用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。 2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
范文四:过去完成时的用法
龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn
过去完成时的用法
作者:谭辉
来源:《高中生·高考指导》2013年第12期
编者按:动词的时态是历年高考的重点考查对象,完成时则是重中之重。本专题对过去完成时、现在完成时和将来完成时的考点与用法进行剖析,将真题与练习相结合,让同学们在练习中掌握这一重要语法点。
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,由“had + done”构成。考虑是否选用该时态,一定要注意找到该时态的过去时间参照点。如:
When I got to the railway station,the train had already left.
当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
该句的过去时间参照点是got to the railway station,“到达火车站”是一个过去的时间,在这个时间之前,火车已经开走了,因此主句要用had already left。
1. 含有“by +过去时间的时间状语从句”的句子中。如:
By the end of last year,we had learned English for at least four years.
截止到去年年底,我们已经至少学了四年英语了。
2. 在含有when,before,after 等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词的动作不是同时发生,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。如:
Mr. Wu had learned German for some time before he went to Germany.
吴先生在去德国之前已经学了一段时间的德语了。
3. 在主句的谓语动词是过去时的宾语从句中,从句动作发生在主句之前,从句用过去完成时。如:
He told me that one of his novels had already been translated into English.
他告诉我他的一本小说已经被译成英语了。
4. 动词think,expect,hope,wish,want,mean,intend,plan等表示过去未能实现的愿望或打算,意为“本来……”时,常用过去完成时。如:
范文五:过去完成时的用法
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构:主语 + had + 过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词+其他.
②否定句:主语 + had + not + 过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)? 基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如: By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since
构成的时间状语连用。例如:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的
动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完
成时。例如:
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)
中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如:
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6) 状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,
用一般过去时。如when, before, after, as soon as, till / until引导的。例如:
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,
希望,打算或意图等。例如:
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如:
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
时间状语
before, when, after, by +, until, once, had no sooner……than
过去完成时-语法判定
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: ( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing
过去完成时-语法区别
一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,已过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。比较:
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一
特定的时间。
比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判
断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper
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