Abstract of Thesis:
[单击此处键入论文摘要正文]
Keyword
[单击此处键入英文关键词(自定义3-5个)}{ 用Times New RomanZi体 小4号字 行间距16] [注:中英Wen摘要放在一个文件夹中报送 读后删除此框]
科技论文英文摘要模板
Pian一:论文英文摘要格式
重庆科技学院高等教育自学考试本科毕业Lun文 英文摘
要
宋体五号The Title of the thesis
空一行ABSTRACT Times New Roman三号加粗,居中
空一行
Due to lack of effective ways to utilize the bottom ashes of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFB ashes), it is difficult to use widely the advanced technology of circulating fluidized bed combustion and defulfurization. In this paper, the properties of the CFB ashes are systematically analyzed and then a series of methods are proposed to evaluate the reactivity of CFB ashes. Meanwhile, the factors influencing and the method activating the reactivity of CFB ashes, and the expansion properties are investigated experimentally. The spontaneous setting, and the mechanism of activation of reactivity of CFB ashes and its expansion are investigated by XRD and SEM. Finally, the utilization in building materials
1
of CFB ashes is studied.
The properties of CFB ashes show it is difficult to utilize CFB ashes in building materials, however reasonable using its properties is possible in building materials. As concrete fine aggregate, it can improve structure of interface between aggregates and cement paste for its reactivity, then can increase the concrete flexural strength. As concrete additive can fully activate the reactivity, and can partly compensate the concrete shrinkage. Because of performance of the fresh concrete and durability, it is better to use it with FA. They both influence performance of the fresh concrete. It can produce CFB ashes-fly ash mortar used indoors and CFB ashes-fly ash-clinker mortar used outdoors with low shrinkage by using the cement and expansion of CFB ashes. CFB ashes mixed with lime, FA or cement, can be used for roadbed mixture in road Times New Roman小四号
Keywords: Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion, CFB
Ashes, Reactivity, Expansion,
Times New Rom小四号
Times New Roman加粗小Si号
?
篇二:科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译
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Ke技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译
随着科学技术的日新月异,我国在科技领Yu取得了越来越多的成就,受到更多国际同行De关注。广大科技工作者也需要向世界展示、Jie绍所取得的成就和成果。介绍这些成果的科Ji类刊物则日益受到世界科技界人士和相关学Shu机构的重视,如美国的《科学引文索引)(Science Citation Index,简称SCI)、《工程索引》(Engineering Index,简称EI)He英国的《物理文摘》(Physics Abstract,简称PA)等重要的信息情Bao检索刊物每年都要收录大量的科技刊物的英Wen摘要。为了增进国际间的学术交流,对英文Zhai要编写的标准、格式及质量也有了愈来愈高De要求,这也成为评价科技期刊质量的一项重Yao指标。
摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的Jian短陈述”,其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息Ren员及计算机检索提供方便。原则上说,科技Lun文的英文摘要应该是用英文直接编写,这样Ke以用英文的思维方式、行文习惯直接、准确Di表达作者的思想。但是这对许多科技人员来Shuo尚有一定的难度。因此,有些科技人员通常Shi采用其应用自如的中文,集中精力解决摘要De结构和实质性内容的概括等方面的问题,写Chu摘要的中文稿,然后把它译成英文。但是目Qian论文作者撰写的中文摘要问题比较多,常见De有摘要形式选取不当、内容不完整、缺少研Jiu目的或试验结论、表达不清楚、语言不顺、Ge式不
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Gui范等,主要原因就是作者对摘要的概念、分Lei及撰写要求等没有掌握。
a. 摘要的要素
摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容:(1)研究目的。准确描述该研究的目的,Shuo明提出问题的缘由,表明研究的范围和重要Xing。(2)研究方法。简要说明研究课题的基Ben设计,使用了什么材料和方法,所用的仪器Ji设备,如何分组对照,研究范围和精确程度,数据是如何取得的,经何种统计学方法处理。(3)结果。简要列出该研究的主要结果,You什么新发现,说明其价值和局限。叙述要具Ti、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性Jian验的确切值。(4)结论。简要地说明经验,论证取得的正确观点及理论价值或应用价值,是否还有与此有关的其它问题有待进一步研Jiu,是否可推广应用等。
b. 摘要的编写要求
摘要应具有独立性和自明性,不阅读文献De全文,就能获得必要的信息。因此,摘要是Yi种可以被引用的完整短文;应排除在本学科Ling域方面已成为常识的或科普知识的内容;不De简单地重复论文篇名中已经表述过的信息;Yao客观如实地反映原文的内容,要着重反映论Wen的新内容和作者特别强调的观点;要求结构Yan谨、语义确切、表述简明、一般不分段落;Qie忌发空洞的评语,不作模棱两可的结论;不Shi用图、表或化学结构式,以及相邻专业的读Zhe尚难于清楚理解的缩
4
Lue语、简称、代号,如果确有必要,在摘要中Shou次出现时必须加以说明。
c. 文摘的长度
按照GB6447—86的规定,中文摘Yao的篇幅一般在100~300字之间。而按Mei国工程信息公司编辑部(EI编辑部)的规Ding,文摘长一般不超过150个词(words),不少于100个词(words);少Shu情况下可以例外,视原文文献而定,但主题Gai念不得遗漏。另外,写、译或校文摘可不受Yuan文文摘的约束。
一般缩短文摘方法如下:对物理单位及一Xie通用词可以适当进行简化;取消或减少背景Qing况(Background
Information);限制文摘只表示Xin情况、新内容,过去的研究细节可以取消;Bu说废话,如”本文所谈的有关研究工作是对Guo去老工艺的一个极大的改进”切不可进入文Zhai;作者在文摘中谈及的未来计划不纳入文摘;尽量简化一些措辞和重复的单元,如不用at a temperature of 250? to 300?,而用at 250~300 ?。
英文摘要的翻译
a. 语态和时态
在翻译英文摘要时,采用被动语态可以避Mian提及有关的执行者,使行文显得客观。同时,被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地,有利于采用恰当的修辞手段,扩展名词短
5
Yu,扩大句子的信息量,有利于突出相关的概Nian、问题、事实、结论等内容。但是有些表达Cai用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更简练,表Da更为直接有力,突出动词所表达的内容。这Zai下面的例子中都有说明。
英文摘要一般采用一般现在时、一般过去Shi和现在完成时。科技论文的英文摘要是一种Yi介绍性为主的文体。一般现在时是使用最广Fan的时态,主要用于叙述性、资料性文摘中。Yi般过去时主要用于说明某
个具体项目的发展情况。现在完成时用于Jie绍某个已结束的项目。
总之,在翻译科技论文的摘要时,是采用Zhu动语态还是采用被动语态,是采用一般现在Shi,还是一般过去时或过去完成时,都要看具Ti的摘要中所表达意思而定,力求准确地表达Zuo者的意思。
在翻译中文摘要时应注意,不要按照中文De字面含义和顺序逐字逐句地生硬翻译。选词Yao从技术概念的角度出发,取其本质性的含义,另外还要注意中、英文两种语言的差别,句Zi前后的连接,按照英文的习惯用法进行翻译。
b.实例说明
以下面的中文摘要为例进行说明。
? 本文提出了在叶片更换过程中利用力Ju平衡技术,并运用计算机进行叶片优化排序Yong以指导动叶片的安装。?采
6
Yong该方法可以在不需要进行动平衡的情况下,Que保更换叶片后机组原有的振动水平变化不大,从而大大缩短了机组启动时间,同时减少了Dong平衡所需的花费。?该方法通过现场实践证Ming准确可靠,效果是令人满意的。?本文还介Shao了计算机优化排序的基本框图和小型力矩秤De基本原理。
这篇摘要是从介绍论文内容的角度写的,Shu于陈述性文摘,因而可以使用一般现在时。Zheng篇摘要采用了中文摘要惯用的无人称句,所Yi翻译既可以采用主动语态,也可以采用被动Yu态。另外,在翻译时应注意不要以中文的自Ran句为单位来逐字逐句地翻译,而应该围绕论Wen的整体内容来推敲用词,选用恰当的句子结Gou。
第一句提出了论题,这是常见的摘要开头Ge式。在选词时应注意“更换”这个词的实际Han义是去“去掉旧的叶片,换上新的叶片”这Liang个动作,应该用“replace”来表示。而不要用“change”,它表示的是“Huan上”的这一个动作。另外,还需注意“运用Ji算机进行叶片优化排序”的翻译,按照字面Shang翻译则是“optimal blade sequence arranged by computer”,而实际中更多使用的Shi“computer—based optimal blade
sequencing”,用“computer-based”来表达“运用计算机进行? ? ”的用法更准确、更地道。
这句话的主语是“本文”,谓语是“提出Liao”,后面的内容都是宾语。宾语的内容比较Duo,它讲的是“在??过程中,利用??
7
Bing运用?? 指导动叶片的安装。”如果按照Yuan句的顺序翻译,
Ze需要把“利用??并运用? ? ”转为名Ci短语做宾语从句的主
Yu,则显得冗长、繁琐。如果把“动叶片”做Zhu语,“安装”采
Yong被动语态,则句子结构变为“动叶片被安装Zai? .指导下”。
“利用? .并运用? .”转为名词短语,Zuo“在? .指导下”(under
the guidance of)的介词宾Yu,则整个句子就显得比较自然、
Shun畅。作为摘要的起始句,可以用非人称名词“本文”做主语,
Ye可以用技术概念做主语。这句可以采用以下Liang种常用的方
法翻译:
1)采用主动语态:This paper presents that the movable blades can be erected under the guidance of computer-based optimal blade sequencing and a new torque balancing technology in the process of replacing blades on steam turbine(
2)采用被动语态:The erection of movable blades under the guidance of computer- based
optimal blade sequencing and a new torque balancing technology in the process of replacing blades on steam turbine is
presented in this paper(
在这里使用主动语态更合适,因为在被动Yu态的句子中,
Zhu语所带的修饰成分过多过长,使整个句子有Tou重脚轻之
8
嫌。
第二句介绍了采用该方法所起的作用和达Dao的效果,应采
Yong主动语态。应注意“原有的振动水平变化不Da”的翻译。虽
Ran这是一个完整的句子,但把它转为名词短语(small variation of original vibration leve1)做“确保”的宾语更合
Shi,这样使句子简洁、明了。在选词上应注意“时间”这个词,
Ta表示的是启动机组所持续的时间,所以应用“duration”。
Er不能用“time”,它表示的是抽象的概Nian及某一点时间。另
Wai,“减少”这个词,一般都用“reduce”,但在这个句子中它
Biao示的是“减少了??花费”,故用“save”更合适,更形象。这
Ju话的前半部分讲的是采用该方法所能起到的Zuo用,后半部
Fen则是达到的效果。后半部分是前半部分的承Jie、结果,故
Yong“therefore”较好。
第二句可译为:This method ensures small variation of
original vibration level of the unit after replacing blades
without need for conducting dynamic balance,therefore unit start-up duration is greatly shortened,and expense for dynamic balance is saved at the same time(
第三句是现场实践的结果。该方法应是“Bei证明”,故应用
Bei动语态。“准确可靠”是形容词,可用“be proved to be? ? ”的Jie构。但“效果是令人满意的”是句子,为了Shi句子简洁、
Dui称,就把“The effect is satisfied”简化为形容词“satisfied”。
9
Di三句可译为:This method has been proved to be
accurate,reliable and satisfied through field practice(
第四句是作者的补充说明。为了强调所补Chong的内容,可用
Bei动语态。另外在翻译时应注意“框图”这个Ci的翻译。在论
Wen的后面,作者用一些方框及连线表示优化排Xu的过程,故
Yi为“block diagram”较好,Er单用“diagram”则不够形象、
具体。
第四句可以为:The basic block diagram of
computer-based optimal sequencing and the basic principle of small torque balance are also described in this paper(
经综合,这篇摘要的英文译文为:
This paper presents that the movable blades can be erected under the guidance of computer-based optimal blade sequencing and a new torque balancing technology in the process of replacing blades
on steam turbine. This method ensures small variation of original vibration level of the unit after replacing blades without need for conducting dynamic balance,therefore unit
start-up duration is greatly shortened and expense for dynamic balance is saved at the same time(This method has
been proved to be accurate,reliable and satisfied through
field practice(The basic block diagram of computer-based
10
optimal sequencing and the basic principle of small torque
balance are also described in this paper(
结 语
一篇好的论文摘能使读者快速而准确地了Jie论文的基本内容,确定该论文是否与读者的Xing趣或研究内容有关,决定是否需要阅读全文。科技论文的英文摘要虽然很短,但要写出和Fan译出一篇好的科技论文英文文摘也要经过一Fan努力,仔细斟酌。希望本文能为其他编辑及Zuo者在英文文摘的编写和翻译方面提供一定的Bang助
篇三:科技论文英文摘要写作规范
科技论文英文摘要写作规范
1英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语Yan,以提供论文内容梗概为目的,不加评论和Bu
充解释,简明、确切地阐述论文重要内容De短文。
2英文摘要必须符合“拥有与论文同等量De主要信息”的原则。为此,英文摘要应重点Bao
括4个要素,即研究目的、方法、结果、Jie论。在这4个要素中,后2个是最重要的。Zai执行上述原则时,有些情况下,英文摘要可Bao括研究工作的主要对象和范围,以及具有情Bao价值的其它重要的信息。
3英文摘要的句型力求简单,通常应有10个意义完整,语句顺畅的句子。
11
4英文摘要不应有引言中出现的内容,也不要Dui论文内容作诠释和评论,不得简单重复题
名中已有的信息;不用非公知公用的符号He术语,不用引文,除非该论文证实或否定了Ta人已发表的论文,缩略语、略称、代号,除Liao相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首Ci出现时必须加以说明;科技论文写作时应注Yi的其他事项,如采用法定计量单位,正确使Yong语言文字和标点符号等,也同样适用于英文Zhai用的编写。
12
毕业论文模板(声明——英文摘要)
独 创 申 明
Ben人呈交的学位论文,是在导师的指导下,独Li进行研究工作所取得的成果,所有数据、图Pian资料真实可靠。尽我所知,除文中已经注明Yin用的内容外,本学位论文的研究成果不包含Ta人享有著作权的内容。对本论文所涉及的研Jiu工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体,均已在文Zhong以明确的方式标明。本学位论文的知识产权Gui属于培养单位。
Ben人签名: 日期:
I
中文标题
(黑体小二居中)
Zhai 要:(黑体小四):人偶戏是XX 省Lin高县的一种具有地方特色的表演形式,它以Qi历史悠久和社会基础广泛,独特的艺术形式He内容的丰富多彩,以及它的良好发展势头在Lin高的历史的地位和现实的影响上,广为群众Xi爱,使得临高成为中国人偶戏艺术园林之乡,被誉为“世界少有,中国一绝”。人偶戏的Yan出以人偶同台为特色,以艺人的声色来补充Shou中公仔的声色的不足,它的演唱以临高话为Yu言媒介。主要流行于XX 岛西北部的临高Xian及周边的海口市、澄迈县、儋州市等操临高Hua的市县乡镇。(宋体小四)
Guan键词(黑体小四) :关键词1;关键词2;关键词3(宋体小四)
II
Puppet play folk culture research
(英文标题Times New Roman 小二号居中)
ABSTRACT
(Times New Roman 小二号 加粗)
Man-puppet play is a kind of the local form of performance in Lingao county of Hainan province, having a long history and broad social base, the with unique art form and content rich ,as well as its good momentum of development in the history of temporary high status and the impact on the reality and widely enjoyed by the masses which is widely loved.Making temporary high as Chinese puppetry arts garden village, it is a treasure of Chinese national intangible cultural heritage, known as “a rare in the world, a must in China”. Puppet play is characterized by dolls performance ,complementing the melody of the dolls in artists’hands with the help of their timbres, which sings by means of the Lingao dialect. It’s mainly popular in the northwest of Hainan island and the surroundings, such as Chengmai, Danzhou, Haikou city and other cities and counties where people mainly speak Lingao dialect.
(Times New Roman 小四)
Key words:Folk culture;Man-puppet play;The basic characteristics; Problems and Solutions (Times New Roman小四)
III
SUT硕士论文英文摘要模板
Title of Thesis:[单击此Chu键入论文英文题目 用Times New Roman字体 4号字 加重] Discipline :MEM
Supervisor : [单击此处键入Lun文英文指导教师姓名职称 用Times New Roman字体 小4号字] Master student:[单击此处键入Lun文英文硕士生姓名 用Times New Roman字体 小4号字]
Abstract of Thesis:
[单击此处键入论文摘要正文]
Key Words:
[单击此处键入英文关键词(自定义3-5个)}{ 用Times New RomanZi体 小4号字 行间距16] [注:中英Wen摘要放在一个文件夹中报送 读后删除此框]
英文论文摘要模板[Word文档]
英文论文摘要模板
本文档格式为WORD,感谢你的Yue读。
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英文论文摘要模板
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Ji的关于英文论文摘要模板,希望能够帮到大Jia!
英文论文摘要模板【1】
ABSTRACT
As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to
a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.
This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.
Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor
英文论文摘要模板【2】
Abstract
Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New
Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.
Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.
Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.
As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.
Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates
Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which
are“Temptress,,,”Mother
Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal
that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by
patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.
Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve
experienced from a chauvinist to a real
womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.
Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.
Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve
英文论文摘要模板【3】
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.
The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q
Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.
Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity
whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.
For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the
annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of
chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.
In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.
Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q
A system, largely improving the financial Q
A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.
Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network
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