高一英语期末复习Zhi句子背诵 M1 Little by little,
we can make big progress!
M1 U1
1. I don’t want to 2. 3. the growth in the world’s population.
5. months. hard time. 12. He wont go to the party unless(he is) invited. 15. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be for so
long that I’ve the birds, moonlight and flowers could have kept me spellbound.
M1 U2
1. 1
高一英语期末复习之句子背诵 M1 Little by little, we can make big progress!
sooner or later.
5. The happiest people don’t have the best of everything; they just everything they have. Life isn’t about how to live through the
storm, but how to dance in the rain. for different reasons. same kind of English. 11. Of the two football teams, England; comes from Brazil. one of Australia’s national treasures. you will find the subway on your right. , but also M1 U3 2
高一英语期末复习之句子背诵 M1 Little by little, we can make big progress!
2. While shopping people can’t help they don’t really need. —
the kind that said she would not 4. at once. friends.
M1 U4 you said, but I don’t agree with 3
高一英语期末复习之句子背诵 M1 Little by little, we can make
big progress!
his look, he doesn’t 7.The army organized teams to those were and the dead. kind of danger, real or imagined. in her novel, she didn’t look up when I came in. 13.Let’s send our M1 U5 2.Mr.
Mandela gave me a job tourists around my old prison on Robben Island. 6.I’m devoting all my time and energy to offered him. English, but she doesn’t know whom to 4
高一英语期末复习之句子背诵 M1 Little by little, we can make
big progress!
13.We were put into a position we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
5
外研版高一必修一英语课本
必修1
Module 1 My First Day at Senior High
My name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is the capital city of Hebei Province. Today is my first day at Senior High school and I’m writing down my thoughts about it.
My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They’re brilliant!
The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class!
Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves.
Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the behavior of the other students shows that they like her, too.
There are sixty-five students in my class – more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a description of the street where we live. I’m looking forward to doing it!
A Letter from a Senior High Student
Dear Li Kang,
How’s it going? I thought I’d write to tell you about the American school system. Secondary school in the US usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve. Ninth to twelfth grades are high school. At the end of twelfth grade, American students receive the high school diploma. Students need a high school diploma if they want to go to college.
The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December, and the second January through May. We have a LONG summer vacation! We start school at 7:50 am and we finish at 3 pm.
I take part in all kinds of after-school activities – I play football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis and I go to theater club.
Will you tell me something about your summer vacation and the Chinese school system in your next letter? Best wishes, Rob Marshall
Module 2 My New Teachers
They say that first impressions are very important. My first impression of Mrs. Li was that she was nervous and shy. I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us. But now, after two weeks, the class really likes working with her. She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it! – She avoids making you fell stupid! I’ve always hated making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs. Li just smiles, so that you don’t feel completely stupid! I think maybe she goes a bit too slowly for the faster students, but for me it’s wonderful! I feel I’m going to make progress with her.
I’d guess that Mrs. Chen is almost sixty. She’s very strict – we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to. She’s also very serious and doesn’t smile much .when she asks you to do something, you do it immediately! There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late but they’re always on time for Mrs. Chen’s lessons! Some of our class don’t like her, but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organized and clear. And a few students even admit liking her! During scientific experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. Physics will never be my favourite lesson, but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs. Chen teaching me.
Mr. Wu’s only been teaching us for two weeks and he’s already very popular. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature – he loves it, in fact! He’s got so much energy, this is one class you do not fall asleep in! He’s about 28, I think, and is rather good-looking. He talks loudly and fast, and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited. He’s really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored. Even things like compositions and summaries are fun with Mr. Wu. I respect him a lot.
Different Countries, Different Schools
It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries. In many European countries, for example, the relationship between teachers and students is quite formal. This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. The same is true of Russia. In northern European countries, however, the relationship between teachers and students is much friendlier and more relaxed. In America, students and teachers are quite relaxed with each other. In Britain, relationships are quite relaxed, but teachers can have big problems with discipline.
Another important difference is whether schools are state schools or private schools. State schools are paid for by the government, but in private schools, the parents pay for the education of their children. Germany and France have both state and private schools, but most students go to state schools, which are very good. Similarly, America
has both state and private schools. Most American children go to state schools, but the private schools can be very good. Britain has both state and private schools. In Russia, children go to state schools.
Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
My name is Alice Thompson. I come from Sydney, Australia and I’m 18 years old. Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train. And what a ride! A friend and I traveled on the famous Ghan train. We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia, more than four thousand kilometers away. We spent two days and nights on the train.
The train was wonderful and the food was great. We ate great meals cooked by experts! For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey, the scenery was very colorful. There were fields and the soil was dark red. After that, it was desert. The sun shone, there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky. Suddenly, it looked like a place from another time. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
The train was comfortable and the people were nice. During the day, I sat and looked out of the window, and sometimes talked to other passengers. I read books and listened to my Chinese cassettes (I’m studying Chinese at school). One night, at about midnight, I watched the night sky for about an hour. The stars shone like diamonds. Why is the train called the Ghan? A long time ago, Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country. They tried riding horses, but the horses didn’t like the hot weather and sand. A hundred and fifty years ago, they brought some camels from Afghanistan. Ghan is short for Afghanistan.
Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance. For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies, and returned with wool and other products.
The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s. Then the government built a new railway line, so they didn’t need the camels any more. In 1925, they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem. In 1935, the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.
The Maglev – the Fastest Train in the World
The fastest train in the world, the Transrapid Maglev, runs between Shanghai’s Pudong Airport and Longyang station in downtown Shanghai. Traveling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes.
Maglev means “magnetically levitated”. The Transrapid Maglev is the world’s first
high-speed train using magnetic levitation technology. Magnetically levitated trains travel in a vacuum between two magnets. There are no rails and no noise. They travel very fast and they use less energy.
On December 31, 2002, Premier Zhu Rongji and the German chancellor attended the opening ceremony of the train service. Both leaders took the train to Pudong Airport.
On November 12, 2003, the Maglev reached a speed of 501 kilometers per hour on the track between Longyang Station and Pudong, a new world record speed for a train.
Module 4 A Social Survey – My Neighourhood
A Lively City
XL: It’s great to see you again, John.
JM: It’s great to see you! It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know. And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown. XL: Yes, I’m so glad you could come.
JM: You know, I’ve seen quite a lot of China and I’ve visited some beautiful cities, but this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. It’s so lively, and everyone seems so friendly.
XL: Yes, it’s one of the most interesting cities on the coast, everyone says so. I feel very fortunate living here. And I love living by the seaside.
JM: you live in the northwest of Xiamen, is that right? XL: Yes, that’s right. JM: What’s the climate like?
XL: Pretty hot and wet in the summer, but it can be quite cold in the winter.
JM: Sounds OK to me. There are a lot of tourists around. Don’t they bother you? XL: Yes, they can be a nuisance in the summer because there are so many of them. JM: Oh, look at that huge apartment block!
XL: Yes, they’ve just completed it. The rent for an apartment there is very high. JM: I believe you! This area’s so modern!
XL: Yes, this is the business district. They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. And there are some great shopping malls. See, we’re just passing one now. my wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.
JM: Maybe I could buy a few presents there.
XL: I’ll take you there tomorrow. Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. We’re entering the western district, the most interesting part of the city. It’s got some really pretty parks…
JM: It seems lovely. Is that Gulangyu Island, just across the water?
XL: Yes, it is. It’s a gorgeous island with some really interesting architecture. JM: So they tell me. Do you think we could stop and walk around for a while?
XL: Yes, I was just going to do that. We can park over there. A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. Shall we go there for lunch? JM: That sounds great. I’m starving!
Cultural corner
In some countries in western Europe, such as France, Spain and Britain, the countryside is changing.
Life has become difficult for many villages, and some are disappearing. There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they often move to the towns and do not return. Secondly, people move to the cities to find work, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside. Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a “second home” in the village, where they come and stay at weekends. The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there. Another problem is that it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to make money from their farms. So they sell their land and find another job.
All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive. We can only hope that they will remain. The countryside would be a sadder and uglier place without them.
Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
Passage A
It is hard to think of a world without metals. Different metals have different uses, for example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in electrical equipment.
When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order. Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.
Passage B
A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.
Aim: To find out if iron rusts (a) in dry air; (b) in water that has no air in it (air-free water); (c) in ordinary water.
Apparatus: 3 clean iron nails; rest tubes; test tube holder; cotton wool; oil; Bunsen burner. Iron in dry air
Method
Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube. Push some cotton wool down the tube. Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water Method
Half-fill a test tube with water.
Boil the water for three minutes. (this makes sure there is no air in the water.) Put two or three clean nails in the water.
Add some oil to the water. This will keep air out of the water. Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air-free water.
Iron in ordinary water Method
Half-fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails. Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water.
Cultural Corner
My feelings about science have really changed. I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new school are excellent. The science facilities are very good, with laboratories that have all the latest equipment. Our chemistry teacher, Mr Longford, takes us to public science lectures about four times a term, and these are always very interesting, as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science. The fact is, Canada has many first-class scientists. In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize! The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is, so we should be very proud of that,
I’m becoming more and more interested in physics, and have decided that I want to study it at university. I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University, as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments. My parents are astonished. They always thought I would become an English teacher!
Module 6 The internet and Telecommunications
Passage
The internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it’s accessible through a computer. It consists of millions of pages of data.
In 1969, DARPA, a US defence organization, developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other through the telephone. They created a network of computers called DARPANET. For fifteen years, only the US army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universities to use the system as well. NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network, or “Internet”.
The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet. At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this percentage is going down. By 2020, much web traffic could be in Chinese.
The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television! He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. He designed the first “web browser”, which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. From that moment on, the web and the Internet grew. Within five years, the number of Internet users rose from 600,000 to 40 million.
The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston. Passage B
Talking on a mobile phone is expensive, so a lot of people send text messages. Text messages are much cheaper than talking on a mobile phone, and you can make it even cheaper by shortening the words that you use. You can do this by taking out “unimportant” letters in the words (usually vowels) and using numbers instead of words (2=to, 3=free, 4=for, 8=ate, so h8=hate, etc.). You can also avoid using punctuation like inverted commas. Here is an example: Im hm nw, why nt gv me a cll? (I’m home now, why not give me a call?) What do you think these text messages mean? Whr hv U bn? Iv bn wtng hrs fr a cll Do U wnt 2 g 2 the cnma tnite?
I gt a txt mssge frm my frnd. Shes hvng a prty on strdy. Do U wnt 2 cm?
Mobile phone users have developed a series of symbols to show how they feel. They are called emoticons, nad there are some examples below. To read an emoticon, you have to look at it sideways.
For example, if you say something in a text message which is a joke, you can follow it with a smiling face. Like this:
Why didt u call me? I’m so sad. :)
Here are some others. Can you think of text messages where you could use them?
高一英语必修一课本重点句子
M1 U1
1. I don’t want to 2. 3. the growth in the world’s population.
5. months. hard time. 12. He won't go to the party unless(he is) invited. 15. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be for so long that I’ve the birds, moonlight and flowers could have kept me spellbound.
M1 U2
1. 1
sooner or later.
5. The happiest people don’t have the best of everything; they just everything they have. Life isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain. for different reasons. same kind of English. 11. Of the two football teams, England; comes from Brazil. one of Australia’s national treasures. you will find the subway on your right. , but also M1 U3 2
2. While shopping people can’t help they don’t really need. —the kind that said she would not 4. at once. friends.
M1 U4 you said, but I don’t agree with 3
his look, he doesn’t 7.The army organized teams to those were and the dead. kind of danger, real or imagined. in her novel, she didn’t look up when I came in. 13. Let’s send our M1 U5 2.Mr. Mandela gave me a job tourists around my old prison on Robben Island. 6. I’m devoting all my time and energy to offered him. English, but she doesn’t know whom to 4
13.We were put into a position we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
5
高一英语必修一课本中重点句子背诵
课文重点背诵句子
B1U1
1. I wonder if it is because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy
about everything to do with nature. 我不知道Shi不是因为我已经很久不能去户外,所以我变De对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。(句中 1)I wonder if …我想知道是Fou…;2) it is +被强调部分+ that/who+ 其他;3) be crazy about… )
2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight
and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚,曾有Yi段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和Xian花,从未使我心醉神迷过。(there was a time when… 曾经有Yi段时间…)
3. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
Zhe是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。(it is/ was the + 序数词+ time that sb. have/ had done sth. 注意句中时态要Dui应。)
4. I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. 目前,我和班上的同学有些矛
Dun。(have trouble with sth./sb. have trouble (in)doing sth. )
5. I still find it hard to make good friends with them. 我还是觉De很难跟他们成为好朋友。(主+
find/think/feel/make… it + adj. (for sb.) to do sth. )
6. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如Guo您给我提些建议,我会非常感谢
De。 (I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求)
7. I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.…我很抱歉你Zai交友方面有困难。
8. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. 但是,如果你按照我是建议
Zuo,这种情况是很容易改变。
9. I hope you will find these suggestions useful. 我希望你会发现这些Jian议有用。
B1U2
1. There is more than one kind of English in the world.世界上不止Yi种英语。
(more than one+单数可数名Ci,作主语时,谓语用单数)
2. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
Shi际上,当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。
3. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为Mu语的人一样好是不容易的。)
Ju型:It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来Shuo做某事是…
Kuo充:It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
Dang句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时Yongfor; 若形容词修饰sb,则用of.
4. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
Xin不信由你,世界上没有什么标准英语。(Believe it or not 信不信You你; there is no such thing/person as…)
B1U3
1. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从中Xue起,我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想进行一次伟Da的自行车旅行。(ever since+Shi间,主句使用现在完成时…自从…起)
2. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.
Qiang调句基本句型:it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who(主),whom(宾)。
3. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. 她一旦Xia定决心,什么也不能使她改变。
4. We can hardly wit to see them. 我们迫不及待Di要见到他们。(can hardly wait to do sth…)
B1U4
1. It is always calm before a storm..暴风雨Lai之前总是平静的。
2. In the farmyard, the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家大院里,鸡Shen至猪
Du惶恐得不吃食。(too…to…)
3. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 放佛到了世界末日。
4. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在恐Bu的15秒钟,一座大城市变成了废
墟。
5. Then later that afternoon, another quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook
Tangshan. 在下午晚些时候,几乎Tong第一次同样强烈的地震震撼着唐山。
6. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。(all 与not连用表示部分否定)
7. We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new
Tangshan. 我们很高兴地告诉你, 你在以新唐山为主题的演讲中荣获第一名。
8. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you! 你的父母和你的学校会为你而骄
傲。
9. I would like to express my thanks to…who… 我要对…表示感谢…
10. No words are strong enough to express our… 感激之情,无以言表
B1U5
1. A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others.
Wei人就是一生献身于帮助别人的人。(devote… to…)
2. Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
Dang伊莱亚斯处于困境时,他去看望了纳尔逊. 曼德拉。(be in trouble…)
3. … only then did we decide to answer violence with violence….. 只有到这个时候,我们才决
Ding用暴力反抗暴力。( Only+状语+部Fen倒装(be/系动词/情态动词+主语))
4. The scientist from whom… never lost heart when he was in trouble. …
Ke学家遇到困难时从不灰心。(lose heart)
5. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅游团讲解Shi,我的心情很不好。
英语必修一课本翻译
Unit 1 友谊
P2 Reading
安妮最好的朋友
Ni是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友Ne?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你,会Bu理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的Shi第一种类型的朋友,于是她就把日记当成了Ta最好的朋友。
An妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯Te丹。她一家人都是犹太人,所以他们不得不Duo藏起来,否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她He她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段Shi间里,她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。Ta说,“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流Shui账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友,我要把Wo这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了,现在,来看看她的心Qing吧。
亲爱的基蒂:
Wo不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂Re。我记得非常清楚,以前,湛蓝的天空、鸟Er的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里,这一切都变了。
Bi方说,有天晚上天气很暖和,我熬到11点Ban故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看看月亮。但Shi因为月光太亮了,我不敢打开窗户。还有一Ci,就在五个月以前的一个晚上,我碰巧在楼Shang,窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的Shi候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚,风吹雨打,雷电Jiao加,我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年Ban以来第一次目睹夜晚,令人伤心的是,我只Neng透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然,窗帘悬挂在Zhan满灰尘的窗前,但观看这些已经不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Di二单元 世界上的英语
P9 Reading
通向现代英语之路
16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语,几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来,在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。Yu是,许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英Yu的人比以往任何时候都多,他们有的是作为Di一语言来说,有的是作为第二语言或外语。
Yi英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不Jin相同,也可以互相交流。请看以下例子: Ying国人贝蒂:“请到我的公寓(flat)里Lai看看,好吗?” 美国人艾米:“好的。我Hen乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。”
Na么,英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?Shi实上,当不同文化互相交流渗透时,所有的Yu言都会有所发展,有所变化。首先,在公元450年到1150年间,人们所说的英语跟Jin天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多Di是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。然后,渐渐地,大约在公元800年到1150年Qi间,英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国De统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的Ding居者大大丰富了英语语言,特别是在词汇方Mian。所以到17世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量Bi以前任何时期都大。在1620年,一些英Guo人搬迁到美洲定居。后来,到了19世纪,You些英国人也被送往澳大利亚,两个国家的人Du开始说英语了。
Zui后,到20世纪,英语才真正定形。那时,Ying语在拼写上发生了两大变化:首先,塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典,后来,诺厄·韦伯斯特Bian纂了《美国英语词典》,后者体现了
Mei国英语拼写的不同特色。
Xian在,英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来Shuo。比如说,印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人,这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统Zhi过印度。在那期间,英语成了官方语言和教Yu用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家,比如南非,人们也说英语。目前在中国学习Ying语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上,中国可能Yong有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发Zhan出自己的特色吗?这只能由时间来回答了。
第三单元 游记
P18 Reading
沿湄公河而下的旅程
Di一部分 梦想与计划
Wo的名字叫王坤。从高中起,我姐姐王薇和我Jiu一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前,她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车,然后还说服Wo买了一辆(山地车)。去年她去看望了我们De表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他Men是傣族人,在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方Chang大,湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江,Zai其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快,王薇使Biao兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以Hou,我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我Jie姐:“我们要去哪儿?”首先想到要沿湄公He从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在Ta正在为我们的旅行制定计划。
Wo很喜欢我姐姐,但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的Zui佳路线并不清楚,她却坚持要自己把这次旅You安排得尽善尽美。于是,我就知道这个尽善Jin美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她,“Wo们什么时候出发?什么时候回来?”我还问Ta是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的Jie姐是不会考虑细节的。于是,我告诉她,湄Gong河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼Shen——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我Shuo,我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地Chu发,这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那Li空气稀薄,呼吸困难,而且天气很冷时,她Que说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常了解我的Jie姐,她一旦下了决心,什么也不能使她改变。最后,我只好让步了。
Zai我们旅行前的几个月,王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册,里面有一些世界Di理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到,湄公河Fa源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初,江面很小,河水清澈而冷冽,然后它开始快速流动。它Chuan过深谷时就变成了急流,流经云南西部。有Shi,这条江形成瀑布,进入宽阔的峡谷。我们Lia惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当Liu出中国,流出高地之后,湄公河就变宽了,Bian暖了,河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东Nan亚以后,流速减缓,河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低Gu,流向生长稻谷的平原。最后,湄公河三角Zhou的各支流流入中国南海。
P22 Using Language
夜晚的西藏山景
第二部分 山中一宿
Sui然是秋天,但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们De腿又沉又冷,感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪Ren骑自行车吗?我们看上去就像那样。一路上,一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候,我们发现由于天冷我们的水Hu都冻上了。然而,湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮Ru镜,景色迷人。像往常一样,王薇在我的前Mian,她很可靠,我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。Shang山很艰难,但是当我们环顾四周,(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇,我们似乎能看到几百Li以外的地方。在某个时刻,我们发现自己置Shen高处,彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下Shan,这非常有趣,特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多Liao。在山谷里,五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞
Wu在我们身旁,我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时,我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长Ku脱掉,换成T恤衫和短裤。
Yi到傍晚,我们通常就停下来宿营,(于是),我们先把帐篷支起来,然后吃饭。晚饭后,Wang薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了,而我却醒着。Ban夜里,天空变得清朗了,星星更亮了。(夜Wan)非常安静——几乎没有风,只有篝火的火Yan和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下,我想着我们Yi经走了多远。
Wo们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里,我们De表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们Po不及待地想要见到他们!
第四单元 地震
P26 Read
地球的一个不眠之夜
He北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生:三天Lai,村子里的井水升升降降,起起伏伏。农夫Zhu意到,水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝,裂缝里Mao出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得Bu想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。Yu缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7Yue28日凌晨3点左右,有些人看到天上一道Dao明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机,在唐山城外Ye可以听到飞机声。在市内,有些建筑物里的Shui管爆裂开来。但是,唐山市的一百万居民几Hu都没有把这些情况当一回事,当天晚上照常Shui着了。
Zai凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃起来。世Jie似乎到了末日!二十世纪最大的一次地震就Zai唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公Li以外的北京市都感到了地震,全国1 / 3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的Ju大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞Xue冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河,在可怕De15秒钟内,一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟Zhi中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人Zai地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难,Xu多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多Wan。
Xing存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢?人Men无论朝哪里看,哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。Suo有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆Gai着大地,然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两Zuo大坝垮了,多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全Tong行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几
Wan头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万Zhi鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子,而不是水。人Men惊呆了。接着,在下午晚些时候,又一次和Di一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医Sheng和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒Ta了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳Men,这场灾难还会持续多久。
Bu是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久,部队Pai了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员,数Shi万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队,Jiang受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。在唐山市De北边,有一个万名矿工的煤矿,其中多数人De救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖Qi了避难所,用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来Liao水。慢慢地、慢慢地,这座城市又开始出现Liao生机。
Di五单元 纳尔逊·曼德拉 —— 一位当代Ying雄
P34 Reading
伊莱亚斯的故事
Wo的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的Hei人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候,是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁,那是在1952年,曼德拉是我寻求Bang助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供Fa律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间,我为
此非常感激。
You于我所受的教育很少,所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学,我仅仅在那里读了两年的Xue校有三公里远。我不得不辍学,因为我的家Ting无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读,也不怎么会写。几经周折,我才在一家金矿Zhao到一份工作。然而在那个时候,你要想住在Yue翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是Wo没有这个证件,因为我不是在那里出生的,Wo很担心我是不是会失业。
Na尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生Zhong最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡Li住脚,应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的Wei来又充满了希望。我永远也忘记不了他对我De恩情,当他组织了非
Guo大青年联盟时,我马上就参加了这个组织。Ta说:“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺Wo们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,Wo们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
Ta说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权,他们无Quan选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做De工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的Di区。在那儿,没有人能够种庄稼。事实上,Jiu像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的:
“??我们被置于这样一个境地:要么我们被Po接受低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。Wo们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式Lai破坏法律,而当这种方式也得不到允许时,??只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗Bao力。”
Shi实上,我并不喜欢暴力,??但是在1963年的时候,我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。Na是很危险的事情,因为如果我被抓住了,可Neng就会被关进监狱。但是,我乐于帮忙,因为Wo知道,这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等De梦想。
P38 Using language
the Rest of Elia’s Story
Ni无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们Kong惧。那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。在Na里我度过了一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到Na里时,纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿,他帮助了Wo。曼德拉先生为我们那些几乎没有上过学的Ren开办学校。他用午餐后的休息时间以及晚上Gai睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面Du书,我们用可以找到的任何东西作蜡烛来看Shu。我成了一名好学生。我想攻读学位,但是Bu被允许。后来曼德拉先生让狱卒与我们一起Xue习。他说不应该阻止狱卒们攻读学位。他们Bing不比我更聪明,却通过了考试,因此我知道Wo也能拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。
Zai监狱里呆完四年之后,我去找工作。因为我Shou过比较好的教育,我得到了一份坐办公室的Gong作。可是警察发现后告诉了我的老板,说我Yin为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在Man德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前,我有20年没有工作。在此期间,我的妻儿不得不Xiang亲戚朋友讨饭吃、乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先Sheng还记得我,帮我找了一份工作,叫我带着旅Xing团去参观罗本岛上我呆过的那座旧监狱。第Yi次给旅行团作讲解时,我的心情很不好。我Hui忆起那时所有的恐怖场景。我记起了狱卒对Wo们的毒打和暴行,我想到了那些死去的朋友,我觉得我不能做这份(导游的)工作,但是Wo的家人却鼓励我,他们说,从南非新政府得Dao的这份工作和薪饷,是我毕生为争取黑人的Ping等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在,我51Sui了,能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况,对此Wo感到非常骄傲,因为我在自己的国土上帮助Ren民获得了自由。
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