英语语序和汉语语序的比较

Yi句话、一个段落、亦或是整篇文章，无非是Yao表达几个信息点，即:时间、地点、人物、Qing节、结果。具体反映在语言上，是通过特殊Yi问词来表达的。也就是说，如果我们牢牢地Ba握住这几个“W”s和一个“H”，我们就Ke以掌握作者所要表达的信息点。

例如:

Dui照上例来看，英语说话的思维是:“主语-Wei语-宾语-方式状语-地点状语-时间状语”。我们了解它的顺序、知道各信息点的位置，在脑子里带着“谁-干-什么事情-什么方Shi干的-什么地点干的-什么时间干的”这几Ge问题去看句子或者文章，就可以在特定的位Zhi找出答案。

Tong样是这句话，我们汉语是这样说的:

You此可见，汉语的说话思维是:“时间状语-Di点状语-主语-方式状语-谓语-宾语”。

Dang然，根据说话人想要强调的点不同，句子成Fen的位置也可以灵活改变。简单句也可以变成Hen复杂的复杂句。但是，任何的复杂句都由简Dan句组成。所以，只要我们把握住“时间、地Dian、人物、情节、结果”这条主线，任它千变Wan化，我们都可以了解文章所要表达的内容。

略谈英语的语序

Long源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn

略谈英语的语序

作者：陈宁

Lai源：《科教导刊·电子版》2014年第08期

Zhai 要语言是以句子为单位表达意念的。各Min族的语言由于各民族思维方式的不同而形成Liao不同的语言结构。这些结构的区别，首先就Biao现为词在句子中的次序的不同，不同的词序Chang常表达不同的意思。本文就以英语的语序问Ti展开讨论。

Guan键词英语语序语法句型

Zhong图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A

Ying语的句型是从大量的同类句子中概括出来的，句型中包含着语法规则，所以称为语法句型。例如This is a book.This is a cup.That is a bike.That is a pen.这些句子的具休内容不同，但是可以概括出Ta们的共同特点，就是：指示代词+系动词+Biao示人或物的名词。再如：It is red.It is big. He is tall.等，其共同特点是代词+系动词+形Rong词这些句子都属同类型句子，其句法规则是Tong一的。语法包括词法与句法。英语句法的主Yao特点表现在语序上语序是重要的语法手段，Zhang握语序是句型操练的目的，是使学生养成正Que的言语习惯，最后能活用语言的手段。所谓Yang成正确的言语习惯，就包括习惯于这种语言Jie构的语序。学习句型的目的也在于此。句子De格式是有限的，而句子的数目是无穷的。学Hui了相当数量的句型，通过大量的替换练习，Yi般的话也就会说了。如果听一句说一句，那Xue起来就很缓慢。例如：一般陈述句句型的语Xu是：主语+谓语+宾语。副词修饰动词有时Zai前，有时在后，副词修饰形容词一般在形容Ci前，一个句子中一般间接宾语在前，直接宾Yu在后。英语的语序是比较固定的。一定的语Xu表达一定的意思，中学英语课本中的句型都Shi有代表性、表示不同语意、不同结构的典型Ju。记住这些句型的语序，对使用语言是很重Yao的。

Zai各民族的语言之间有共性。共同性的东西掌Wo起来比较困难。而且运用母语的较容易，而Ge性的东西掌握起来就比较习惯对学习外语常Chang会起干扰作用。对于母语和所学外语的异同Dian要加以对比，在对比中掌握外语，其中包括Zhang握它的语序。英语的语序和汉语的语序有许Duo是相同的，例如：This is anapple.It is red.汉语也是“Zhe是一个苹果”。它是红的。不同的，如：What is this ？汉语则说：“这Shi什么？汉语和英语恰恰倒置。这就需要通过Fan复实践，养成语言习惯。

Xia面列举的例子包括几种类型：语序不同，表Da的意思基本相同；语序不同，表达的意思完Quan不同或是语气不同；语序相同，所表达的意Si需与上下文联系起来判定。学生常常套用已Jing学过的某些句型这种套用，用对了，起到举Yi反三的作用；但有时也会起“负迁移”作用，导致错误。教师需要指导学生在阅读中仔Xi观察各种不同语序的句子在表意的异同，以Qiu正确区分，牢牢记住。

英语语序

0. 某人做某事+地点+时间

take 的常见用法与搭配

1. 表示“拿去”“带去”等，与 bring（拿来）方向相反。如：

Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 请把Zhe个空杯拿走，给我倒杯茶来。

Ruo语义需要，其后可带双宾语；若双宾语易位，用介词to 引出间接宾语。如：

Please take him a cup of tea.=Please take a cup of tea to him. 请给他端杯茶去。

You时表示“拿去”可能与方向无关。如：

He took the box to the farm. 他把那个箱子带到了农场。

2. 表示“搭乘（交通工具）”，比较下Mian的同义表达：

Ta决定乘出租车去火车站。

Zheng：He decided to take a taxi to the railway station.

Zheng：He decided to go to the railway station by taxi.

3. 表示“认为”“当作”等，通常与 for, to be, as 连用。如：

He took me for my brother. 他错把我当成是我兄弟。

I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他为人老实。

An传统说法，take…for 往往指不合Shi实地“误认为”，而 take…to be [as] 则可能指正确地也可能指不正Que地“认为”，但现代英语已不完全遵循此规Ze。

4. 表示“花费”，主要用于时间，有也Yong于人力、人手、劳力、精力、脑力等。如：

The flight will take three hours. 路上要飞3Xiao时。

It takes patience. 做Zhe工作需要耐心。

It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。

It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱Zi要3个人。

It takes a lot of labor to build a railway. 修筑一条铁路要花费许多劳动力。

比较以下同义表达：

Ta写这本书花了5年时间。

Zheng：It took him five years to write the book.

Zheng：It took five years for him to write the book.

Zheng：The book took him five years to write.

Zheng：He took five years to write the book.

Zheng：He took five years writing the book.

Yi上各句均可说，但以第一句最为普通。

Zai现代英语中take 有时可用于金钱。如：

It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样的房子需要很Duo钱。

It will take ten million dollars to build the library. 建这个图Shu馆要花1, 000万美元。

5. 用于take to ，用法如下：

(1) 对……产生好感，开始喜欢

I took to her the moment I met her. 我一见Dao她就立刻对她产生了好感。

(2) 形成…的习惯，沉溺于（通常后接动Ming词）

He soon took to drinking again. 不久他又喝起酒Lai。

(3) 前往（某处），求助于

The criminal took to the woods to hide. Zui犯跑到树林里藏起来了。 He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了，只好卧床。

英语语序

Ju 子成分:

Zu成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

Ying语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定Yu，状语，补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语)He同位语。其中主语，谓语，宾语是句子的Zhu要成分，其余的均为次要成分。

Zhu语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主Ti，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式或动名Ci或从句作主语

Ming词---名词或名词短语或名词化形容词或Ming词化分词作主语

Beijing will be rainy. 北京将多雨

Weather in our coastal city is nice and cool in summer 夏季我们沿Hai城市的天气舒爽 Old and young marched side by side 老少并肩而行

The wounded should be sent to hospital at once受伤人员应立即送往医院

Dai词—He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个Xiao话，但没引人发笑。

Who is the man in the car? 汽车里的人是谁,

Shu词—Three is enough for each of us.三个对于我们Mei个人来说就足够了

One of my classmates is from Australia.我De一个同学是澳大利亚人

Bu定式—动词不定式或不定式短语(动词不定Shi后面可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式He它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语)

To become a player like Yao Ming is my wish.成为像姚明一样的运动员是我的心愿。 ---若不定式短语作主语常用it作形Shi主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在Ju后 It is my wish to

become a player like Yao Ming.

It would be nice to see him again.如能见到他，Na将是一件愉快的事。

Dong名词(动词的ING形式)作主语 Smoking is bad for you.

Cong句作主语---作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that whether wh-词Deng引导。

Whenever you are ready will be fine.你无论什Me时候准备好都行。

That she forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.

Ta忘了告诉我开会的时间，这给我带来了很多Ma烦。

Wei语---说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子De主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实Yi动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。实Yi动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构Cheng谓语，情态动词与省略TO的不定式构成合Cheng谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语成分。 (主语与谓语在人称与数方面要相互照Ying)

Biao语--- 常用的连系动词有:be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, taste等名词作表语

She is an ordinary teacher. 她是一个普通的老师

He turned doctor after school, as his parents had expected.

Zheng如父母所愿，毕业后他成了医生。

代词作表语

You are many, but they are few.你们人多，但他们人Shao。

Whose is that book? It has been lying there for a whole day.

Na本书是谁的,已经在那里放了一天了。

数词作表语

Five and five is ten.

He was the first to leave but the last to arrive.他是第一个走的，却是最Hou一个到的。

形容词作表语

The dish tastes delicious.这道菜尝起来很好吃。

Ming词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语

My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。

I am quite surprised to see you here.在这里Jian到你我感到非常惊讶。

介词短语作表语

We were at table when you called. 你来电话时我Men正在吃饭。

Dong词不定式或短语作表语

To see is to believe.眼见为实

Fu词及其短语作表语

Is anybody in? 有人在吗,

补语:

Bin语补足语-----位于宾语之后，宾语与Bin语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语De动词有:告诉

tell 让let 帮助help 教teach 问ask 看见see 有have 命令order 使make，等 Don’t keep the lights burning. 不要让灯开着。

The doctor told me to do more exercise.医Sheng告诉我多做练习。 We will make them happy.我们会让他们Gao兴的。

Zhu语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语

举个例子

They caught boy stealing. boy是caught的宾语，stealing是boy的状态,宾语补足Yu

Ba它变成被动语态The boy was caught stealing，此时stealing就成了主语补足语再来看几句Zhu语补足语的句子

The dog is called Karl

The door was painted white.

The glass was found broken.

这些都是。

Tong位语---Mr Wang, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Jim, a friend of my brother’s.昨天Wo遇到了我弟弟的一个朋友吉姆。如同位语Yu其同位成分关系密切时不用逗点隔开;如同Wei语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔Kai。

He told me that his uncle John is a world-famous doctor.他对我讲，他的叔叔约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。

He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他看了各种各样的Shu，古今中外都有。

Tong位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可Yi表示部分意义。

We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。全Bu意义 Amy is interested in sports, especially ball games.艾米喜欢运Dong，特别是球类运动。部分意义独立成分---与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子De独立成分。可用作独立成分的通常有3种词Yu，即感叹语，呼语和插入语。

What is it, do you think? 你认为这是什么呢, 插入语

Come in and take a seat, Mr Li.李先生，请进来坐。呼语

Hello! How are you?嘿，你好, 感叹语

Jian单句的五种基本句型

Zhu谓主谓宾主谓表主谓双宾主谓宾宾Bu

1.主谓—Robert sings in the next room.罗伯特在隔Bi唱歌

Yuan Longping works very hard.袁隆平工作很努力

Zhe种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不Ji物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。 2.主谓宾—We like English.

Wang Gang always helps me when I have difficulties.当我遇到困难时，王Gang总能给我帮助。这种句型中的动词一般为Ji物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可Yi直接接宾语。 3.主谓表—谓语用连系动Ci。常用的连系动词有:be是, lookKan起来, get, sound听起来, feel, become,

smell闻起来, turn, taste尝起来，keep保持, seem好像, 等

He seemed an honest man.他似乎是个诚实的人。

Gang才刘翔看上去有些焦急。Liu Xiang looked worried just now. 4.主谓双宾----双宾是Zhi间接宾语和直接宾语。这种句型中，直接宾Yu为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的，在句中Bu可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当，Jian接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对Zheng个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或Dai词承担。引导双宾语的常见动词有: buy买, teach教, lend借给, give给, tell告诉, pass传Di, show出示, bring带来, send发送. Her father bought her a book=Her father bought a book for her.他爸爸给她买了一本书。 The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英Xiong的故事。(=The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long

March.)

5.主谓宾宾补—主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补Zu语

We have made our school a beautiful garden.我们已使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。

We have invited all our friends to come. 我们已邀请了所有的朋友。

My father likes to watch Yao Ming playing basketball.我爸爸喜欢看姚Ming打篮球。句子结构

An照句子的结构划分，英语有简单句，并列句He复合句。

简单句

Wu种基本句型都是简单句

并列句

Bing列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，Dan意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句Zi。其结构为简单句+并列连词+简单句

Biao示同等关系的并列句 and

;Last year I met Ann and we became friends. 表示转折关系的并列句

Chang用并列连词but但是,yet可是,while而，另一方面,however可是

It has no month, but it can talk.它没有嘴巴，但Shi它会说话。

He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a doctor.他想当作家，而Wo则想当医生。

Biao示选择关系的并列句

“或者”Now you can have a rest or you can watch TV. “否则，要不然” Take the chance, or else you’ll regret it.Zhua住机会，否则你会后悔的。

Biao示因果关系的并列句for so

For在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因Zhuang语从句，而for则连接两个简单句，前者Biao示结果，后者表示原因。

You’d better take un umbrella, for it is going to rain.

So意为“因此”“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而so是并列连词，Yong来连接并列句。

Mr Zhao went to his hometown, so Mr Wang was taking his class instead.赵老师回家乡去了，所Yi王老师替他上课。

其他形式的并列句

“不是。。。就是。。。, 或者。。。或者。。。”either…or…

Either my father can do it, or my mother can do it. (=Either my father or my mother can do it.)我爸爸可以Zuo那件事，或者我妈妈也可以做。

not only…but also…(Not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the

school car.)不仅学生，而且他Men的老师都误了校车。

复合句

Fu合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。Zhu句是全句的主体

Cong句须由一个关联词(Connective)引导。从句主要分为三类:名词性从句，形Rong词从句和副词性从句。

Ming词性从句包括:主语，表语，宾语和同位语Cong句。形容词性从句即定语从句副词性Cong句即状语

从句

We think that this answer is correct.我们认Wei这个答案是正确的。(宾语从句) Who will be our monitor hasn’t decided yet.Shui会成为我们的班长还没决定。(主语从句) The player who played basketball best is Yao Ming.打篮球最好的队员是Yao明。(定语从句) Where I live there are plenty of trees.我生活的地方有很多树。(状语从句) The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是我们何时可以得到Jia薪。(表语从句) 主语从句---引导主Yu从句的连词有三类:从属连词(that, whether)，关系代词(who,whom,what,which,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why)

1.由连词that 引导的主语从句

That Tom will win the medal seems unlikely.汤姆想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。 Xing式主语it代替that主语从句

It is a pity that your mother didn’t attend the party yesterday.昨天你妈妈没参加聚会很遗憾。 2.由关系代词引导的主语从句。

What your parents need is more practice. 你父母所需要的是更多的训练。 Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们无论Zuo什么都是为人民服务。 3.用关系副词引Dao的主语从句。

When he will come here isn’t known. 人们还不Zhi道他什么时候会来。

表语从句

Youthat引导的表语从句

The trouble is that we have lost his address. 麻烦的是我们把他的地址丢了。关系代词(who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等) 和关系副词(where when how

why等)引导的表语从句

That’s not what I’m looking for.那不是我在找的东Xi。

宾语从句

Bin语从句分三类:动词宾语从句，介词宾语从Ju和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词Zhu要有以下三类:1.从属连词 that, if, whether. ( thatYin导表示陈述的宾语从句，whether Heif引导表示“否定”的宾语从句。)

We knew (that) we should learn from each other.

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

2关系代词who,whom,whose,which,what, whatever, whichever等

Do you know who has won the game? 你知道游戏谁Ying了,

The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.老师问新Lai的学生在哪一个班里。

Guan系副词when where how why等

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?你能告Su我怎样去最近的邮局,

动词的宾语从句

Ke带宾语的常见动词有:hope希望,tell告诉,say说,consider认为,think想,imagine想象,except期望,suppose猜测,know知道,hear听说,wonder想知道

You些“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。

We found out that all the tickets for the film have been sold out.我们发现这部电影的所有门票全Bu卖光了。

Dong词短语有的也可以带宾语从句。常见的这类Dong词短语有:make sure确保，make up one’s mind下决心，keep in mind牢记

We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop our bodies.我们应该牢记运动能增强我们的Ti质。

Chang用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句。

Dong词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等Hou有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而Jiang宾语从句后置。

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the party.没去参加晚会，我感到Hen遗憾。

介词的宾语从句

wh-引导的宾语从句一般情况下介词后Genwh-引导的宾语从句。

We are talking about whether it will snow tomorrow.我们在讨论明天是否Xia雪。

that引导的介词宾语从句

Ou尔见到except,but,besides三个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句的Qing况。

I know nothing about my neighbor except that he is a teacher.关于我的新邻居我只知道他是位老师，其他Wo一无所知。

形容词的宾语从句

Chang引导宾语从句的形容词有sure,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry等

I’m sure that he can come on time.我确信他能按Shi来。

Dang主句中的谓语动词是think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,believe,feel等时，宾语从Ju的引导词常是who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等疑问词，经常将此类引导词置于句首。 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?

Ni认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手,

What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day?你Jian议我们为感恩节准备点什么, 句子分类

Gen据说话人的意图分类陈述句，疑问句，Qi使句，感叹句。而There be句型Shi一个特殊的结构陈述句

Chen述句的肯定形式分为正常语序和倒装语序

She became a doctor after college.(正常语序)Da学毕业后她成了一名医生。

Here comes the bus full of children from Beijing! (倒装语序) 满载Lai自北京的儿童的公共汽车驶过来了。

Chen述句的否定形式 Sam can’t swim.

疑问句

Yi般疑问句和特殊疑问句(就是疑问词加上一Ban疑问句)和选择疑问句和反意疑句

选择疑问句

Which do you like better, this one or that one?

反意疑问句

It’s Tuesday today, isn’t it? 今天星期二，是吗,

She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she.她常在学校吃午饭，对吗,

They went to the Great Wall yesterday, didn’t they?他们昨天去的长城，Shi吗,

祈使句

祈使句的肯定结构

Do型 Let型 Be型

Go and Wash your hands.

Be kind to our sister.对妹妹要和善。

Let me help you.

祈使句的否定结构

Don’t be late for class again.Don’t let him go.No smoking.

Jiu年级英语复习测试题(Units11-12)

Yi、单项选择从各题的A、B、C、D四个选Xiang中选出一个最佳的答案，并将代表字母填入Ti前的括

号内。

( ) 1.--Could you please tell me ________?

--Sorry, I don't know. I was not at the meeting.

A.what the headmaster says at the meeting B.what the headmaster said at the meeting

C.what does the headmaster say at the meeting D.what did the headmaster say at the meeting

( ) 2.My friend asked me _________.

A.if I will come to the party B.that he would help me to clean the room

C.what was wrong with me D.how should he do it next ( ) 3.Tom doesn't tell me when he _______. I will call you as soon as he _______.

A.will come; comes B.will come; will come C.comes; will come D.comes; comes

( )4.The policeman asked the man ______ at 9 o'clock last night(

A.what he was doing B.what he is doing C.what was he doing D.what is he doing

( )5.The young mother ______ her baby, then went to the park with him.

A.wore B.put on C.dressed up D.dressed

( )6.--Your new looks so beautiful!

--__________.

A.Don't mention it B.Thank you C.No，I don't think so D.Not so cool ( )7.--Let's play soccer on the playground(

--It's very hot outside(I would rather _______ at home than _______ out(

A.to stay，go B.staying, going C.stay, go D.stay，to go

( )8.They haven't decided ______ next yet.

A.how to do B.what to do C.what to do it D.where to go to ( )9.I prefer reading books _______ playing computer games.

A.with B.to C.about D.for

( )10.You ________ get her a scraf as birthday gift.

A.should be supposed to B.are suppose to C.are supposed to D.should suppose to ( )11.Mary is very shy. She found _______ difficult to speak in class.

A.it B.that C.it is D.that is

( )12.It's good manners ________ for the first time in China.

A.to shake a hand B.to embrace each other C.to bow D.to shake hands

( )13.--Would you mind turning down the radio? I'm studying for the test(

--____________(I'll do it right now(

A.Of course B.No, thanks C.Certainly D.No, not at all

( )14.I usually plan to do ________ with my friends on weekends.

A.anything interesting B.interesting anythingC.something interesting D.interesting something

( )15.Jim ________ get up very late. But now he _______ getting up early.

A.used to; is used to B.used to; used to C.was used to; is used to D.was used to; used to

( )16All the students went to the Blue Water Aquarium _______ Lucy because she was ill in hospital.

A.beside B.expect C.besides D.except

( )17.What made you _______?

A.feeling so disappointed B.to feel so disappointedC.feel so disappointed D.so disappointing

( )18.Miss Chen was not pleased. I made _______ in my English test.

A.a few mistakes B.few mistakes C.a little mistakes D.little mistakes ( )19.--When did you ________ London?

--We _______ there in the afternoon.

A.arrive at; arrived B.arrive in; arrived C.get to; got to D.reach; got to ( )20.--Who helped you with your English?

--_______! I learned it all by myself.

A.Anybody B.Somebody C.Nobody D.Everybody

、单项选择。 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 BCBBC 11-15 ADDCA 16-20 DCABC

San、请你来当翻译家

Gen据所给的汉语提示，完成下列句子(横线处Bu限字数)。

1.晚会上我通常是喝茶而不是喝咖啡。 I often ___________________at the party. 2.这是一个从真实生活中取材的真实故事。This is a _____story of ______life.

3.虽然她不再年轻了，但她有一颗年轻的心。 Though ____________, she has a young heart.

4.我们的英语老师正站在学生中唱英文歌Qu。Our English teacher ___________, singing an English song.

5( 这本书是白岩松写的。_______________________________________.

6( 我们的朋友遍天下。________________________________________.

7( 体育和音乐相比，我更喜欢音乐。__________________________________________. 8( 微机室不许吸烟。Smoking is ___________________in a computer room. 9( 中国以它的特殊文化而闻名。__________________________ its special culture. 10. 小丸子相貌平平，但Que心地善良。Chibi has _____________, but she is ____________.

【doc】英语语序安排应遵循末端重量原则

Ying语语序安排应遵循末端重量原则

《枣庄师专?l999年第2期

]张菊香张云荣

Ying语语序安排应遵循末端重量原则

Zai英语语序的安排中有一条重要的原则, 叫Zuo末端重量(EndWeight)一方面,Ta要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子Cheng分置于句末,也就是说,句子结构必须避Mian头重脚轻,句子的谓语部分应比主语部分Geng长一些, 结构更复杂一些;另一方面.它Yao求把重要的信息放在句子的末端.因为旬Wei常常是意义的重心所在

Ying语语序的安排应遵循末端重量原则.在学Sheng的阅读和写作中,该原则具有重要的指导 Yi义.现在,我从以下几方面谈谈它的具体运用

一

,根据末端重量原则,我们通常应避免使用Dan一的不及物动词作谓语.例如: 1.Sherested.

2ShetOOkarest.

1.Theyrehearsaiedyesterday.

2fheyhadarehearsalyelerday.

Shang列两组名子均无语法错误,但每组第二旬Xian然比第一句更合乎英语的表达习惯.第一 Ju的语序安排没有遵循末端重量的原则,谓语部分太短.因此,读起来不自然在及物动动

Ci带有宾语的结构中也有类似的情况下列两 Zu句子每组第二句显得更符合末端重量的原 Ze.

1.Wevisitedher.1.He readsmanybooks

2.Wepaidheravisit.2.He doesalotofreading. 二,如果句子中的宾语部分较长或结构复

杂(如宾语是一个不定结构或1hat从句).那?

Jiu必须把宾语移至句尾而以先行词【作形式 Bin语,以苻合末端重量原则.例如:

1Weth【nkl1a

showupatthemeeting form1(gonnwiththework. 三,在英语的语序安排中,句首是主语的正常位置但有时由于主语太长,谓语太短,Xun 子显得头重啷轻,一般情况下,必须将主Yu后移,例如:

Yi上各句都用1作形式主语.而把真正的主 Yu穆列后面去了后置的结果.不仅句子结构 Yun称r,被后移的主语也成了意义的重心.充分体现r末端重量原则

Si,在些句子中.因为主语一主语的定语或Tong位语往往较长.而谓语部分较短.为了避Mian头重脚轻,就把主语的定语或同位语放在 Wei语部分之后这类例子也很多,主要表现在 Yi下五个方面:

(一)如果主语后面的修饰语是较长的形

Rong词短语,一般要将该短语放在谓语之后,以

Ping衡句子结构并达到使定语成为句子重心的

效果.例如:

1.Detailedinstructionswereadded relativetotheaddressofareplY. 一言

,_耋

州

0=吾

盯

(二)介词词组作主语修饰语时通常也要

Hou置这种情况很常见,学习者在阅读和写作

Zhong应多加注意例如:

1.MoreeducationwillhegiventO youngpeopleaboutthedangersof 12t1eS?

Biao示"艇外"的一些介词短语修饰主语时也常

Fang在谓语部分之后,与中心词分开.这样的介

Ci主要有bnt,except.例如:

1AI1thestudentsIeftexptMary 2.N13thingWaSheardl】utthevoiceof !!!!—the—

—

tch—

ingof—鬯"旦 !

(三)分词短语作主语修饰语时也常后置.

Yi保持句子结构的平衡或使句子重心后移:例

如t

1Freshfoetstepswereheard,goingand

—

——

in——

2Herargumentisveryconvincing

org.. a

...

za—

t—

of.

h....

see

....

a..

mpl—

—

f四)不定式短语或不定式复合结构作主语Xiu饰语时,往往也要后置.例如; 1ThelimehadcomeforhimtOlook

helpthosewhoareOUtofwork.一'..'....一 (五)为Liao保持英语语序末端重量的特色, 使整句子Jie构紧凑连贯,定语从句或同位语从句往往Tuo离先行词而置于谓语之后例如: 1Perhapsthedaywillcome—

—

hen

!?皇!!竺!!壁型!【n

eitieS.

2AnordercamefromBerlintba1)0

gg!!鱼!!!g!!

—

h—

—

ol?

Zai一些谚语和警句中,为了结构的平衡.

Chang把修饰主语的从句后置.这时整个语句所包

Han的条件意义比它们连在一起时更强烈一些. 例如:

1Hclaughsbestwholaughslast. 2Allisnotgoldthatg【ittera.

Wu,比较分旬有时可与它所修饰的比较项

Fen开.从而移至句末,形成句尾重心,符合末Duan

Zhong量的原则.例如:

1-Shehad,

111or{,l

一

,Doll

—

eybylhetimeshe

wasthirtythanherfather. 2Theyvisithermorefrequentlynow thatshe'st}Ithallthe2VusedtO 六,根据末端重量原则.程度状语分Ju也

Chang置于句尾.以使意义重心后穆,增强表意功

能例如:

1HetoldLISsuchafunnystorythatwe

alllaughed

2Theyoungboywassoexcitedwhen

l1eheardhewouldbetakenrt)theAirShow

th—

—fh一eep

Qi,有时为了特别突出动作的承受者或保持Ju结构间平稳,就要选择被动语态例如: 1Some11Ewhouseswereb~tih!!!

Tan望!—hems—elves

!!皇蔓g?!?

Shang列第句用被动结构把主语移到了后面,使 Xun尾成了意义重心;第二句如果用thoseZuo主语,句子结构就会显得头重脚轻.不符Tai末端重量原则.

Cong上面的分析可以看出,末端重量原则在英Yu语序安排上起着重要作用.它不仅能使句 Zi结构避免头重脚轻以符台英语的表达习惯, 而且还能起到增强语言表现力的作用+因此, 它也是有效地进行思想交流的手段之, Ze任编辑:夏岛

?81?

一

叫m

驯

一

皓

wd pw h0 rh w

2e 0

转载请注明出处范文大全网 » 英语语序和汉语语序的比较