卖刀了
University students are measured by test results. But I do think that bad. This may allow students to become very vanity, and proud. Develop themselves. Strive for grades. The test will only. Not really to acquire knowledge. However, no exam. Test results represent the strength of the students. No exams, students may not consciously learning. Nurturance dependent psychology, love learning. On examination, advantages and disadvantages. We should learn to adapt to test. The advantages of the examination for conversion.
有关环境保护的英文范文
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重。
例如汽车污染的空气影响了人们的呼吸，工厂释放污染的气体，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排人河里。
另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。
事实上，污染正威胁我们的生存。
地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它。
庆幸的是，愈来愈多的人们已经意识到这些问题。
政府已经采取了很多措施去解决这些问题，法律已被通过以制止污染。
我希望这些问题在不远的将来能得到解决，我们的家园变得越来越好。
如果不行，请看下面的Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas. Trees on the hills have been cut down,and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore,wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence. We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the pub!ic must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on. We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment. 全世界的环境问题在变得越来越严重。
随着工农业的发展，汽车制造噪音、排放毒气，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。
另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。
整个地球生态平衡正在改变，环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响，甚至对人类生存带来巨大威胁。
我们必须面对现实，采取行动解决环境问题。
例如必须通过新的法律严格控制工业污染问题，大众必须接受污染危害的教育等。
我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境。
希望对你有用
网上学习的利弊大学生英语作文范文
你好：范文如下~供楼主参考学习~The Advantages and Disadvantages of InternetThe following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of Internet. Netsurfers in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information. Besides, Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise . What is more, people may get medical help or even vote on Internet. Its advantages seem countless.Behind all this glowing talk, however, are some problems. Internet makes people passive by stopping them making their own entertainment. So much so that when there is a breakdown or jam, people may find that World Wide Web turns into World Wide Wait. What is worse, some children have access to the scenes of violence and sex. Apart from these, it can be affected by viruses and hackers .We should handle its problems, meanwhile we should exploit its potential as well. With proper management of Internet people ought to experience more fruits of the information revolution. All the wisdom of the ages, all the information that has enlightened mankind for centuries, should be available to us with the healthy development of Internet.
求10篇高中英语范文,~~·100字左右！~！~不要太长的~
Protecting the Environment-保护环境 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better. 全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重。
例如汽车污染的空气影响了人们的呼吸，工厂释放污染的气体，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排人河里。
另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。
事实上，污染正威胁我们的生存。
地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它。
庆幸的是，愈来愈多的人们已经意识到这些问题。
政府已经采取了很多措施去解决这些问题，法律已被通过以制止污染。
我希望这些问题在不远的将来能得到解决，我们的家园变得越来越好。
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make GREat noises and give off poisonous gas. Trees on the hills have been cut down,and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore,wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence. We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the pub!ic must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on. We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment. 全世界的环境问题在变得越来越严重。
随着工农业的发展，汽车制造噪音、排放毒气，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。
另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。
整个地球生态平衡正在改变，环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响，甚至对人类生存带来巨大威胁。
我们必须面对现实，采取行动解决环境问题。
例如必须通过新的法律严格控制工业污染问题，大众必须接受污染危害的教育等。
我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make GREat noises and give off poisonous gas. Trees on the hills have been cut down,and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore,wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence. We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the pub!ic must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on. We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment. 全世界的环境问题在变得越来越严重。
随着工农业的发展，汽车制造噪音、排放毒气，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。
另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。
整个地球生态平衡正在改变，环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响，甚至对人类生存带来巨大威胁。
我们必须面对现实，采取行动解决环境问题。
例如必须通过新的法律严格控制工业污染问题，大众必须接受污染危害的教育等。
我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境 我的故乡英语作文 My beautiful home, where its spring scenic. Spring, my hometown, green grass and flowers are in bloom. Out of the tree branches, birds singing in the merry. Looking around is the continuous mountains, mountains and rolling hillsides in the spring, as if a domesticated hen the carpet, until the sky. Graceful flowers blossoming in a dotted mountains, attract colorful butterflies; in the depths of the mountain is the terraced rows of shapes, by definition, is the same as the stairs rice; a winding path to article rice into the ever-changing shape, some like crescent, and ...
英语作文 哪个地方对你影响最深,三个原因
I have been to Kunming. It was three years ago. I went to Kunming with my parents by plane. Kunming is a beautiful city with lots of trees and flowers. We went to climb the West Mountain, visited the Stone Forest and the Flower Market. We also tasted the famous Crossing Bridge Noodles. People there were friendly and kind to us. We really enjoyed ourselves.
求英语作文范文 题目是：大学生怎样提高英语水平
English is the most general language for the international business world. People who are not native English speakers must immerse themselves in English-speaking environments if they want to speak English well and be successful.Steps Learn the basic reading and listening abilities of English.Spend at least one hour everyday listening to news or discussion programs such as NPR (National Public Radio) news or BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation; the World Service or Radio Four are best) news. It's hard to understand what they are saying when you first begin to listen to them, but gradually you'll get used to the speed and tone. Then you can get a brief idea of what they are talking about, although you can't get the detail. You don't need to listen to the radio for an whole hour at once. It's best to spend twenty or thirty minutes on listening separately.Spend more than three hours every day on reading English news or articles. Reading builds up your vocabulary, idioms, phrases, and the concepts of English structures. If you do enough reading, it will save you a lot of time since you will not need to spend more time on building your vocabulary or grammar. Read out loud when you do your reading so that you can improve your pronunciation at the same time.Learn the phonetic alphabet (pronunciation symbols). This can help you pronounce correctly, and it's necessary to speak with the correct tone if you want to make some friends with native English speakers. This is a big deal for non-native English speakers.Make some pen pals and write them at least once everyday. The best way to improve your writing is to practice writing as much as you can. The more you write the more you know how to use what you've learned from reading and listening.Make friends with native-English speakers. This is the most difficult task because of the difference in culture, but you can't really master English unless you can communicate with a native English speaker fluently. You have to know enough things and have good listening skills if you want to have good conversations with an American or Briton. Remember to ask a lot of questions to keep the conversation going. When someone asks you a question, give more than just the basic information. For example, if someone asks you ＂Do you like living here?＂ don't just answer ＂Yes＂ or ＂No,＂ but tell them why, too.Watch some English TV. TV is the best and most inexpensive teacher to learn real English. Not only you can learn formal English from news or debate TV programs, but you can also learn everyday English from soap operas and sitcoms. Be careful because too much jargon or too many idioms make your speech ambiguous.Try listening to the Radio. Radio is also one of the best and inexpensive English teachers. Because there is no picture, you cannot lip read. You must train your ear to listen.Use an English-English dictionary and bring your dictionary wherever you go. If you find some words that you don't know, look them up in your dictionary immediately. Use your newly-learned idioms or vocabulary. Once you use the words which you memorized, you will never forget them again.Think in English. Getting used to using English all the time will make it easier to listen and react with it.Join web groups or clubs where you can post questions freely and discuss the use of grammar such as Kela-Bi Group at Google Take an ESL (English as a Second Language) class at your local community college (if you live in the USA.) Classes are free! Your tax dollar at work!Tips Make friends with native English speakers. Learn about the cultures of English-speaking countries. If you have your sights set on the US, look for literacy programs in your area -- they are often free, learn a trade and do your best to acquire English-speaking friends. Americans like people with an ＂I can do it!＂ attitude. In Britain, a useful skill and some modesty are more the key. Find a native individual who not only speaks English, but can teach it. Learn grammar and vocabulary using visual, auditory and spoken methods. Spiral the cycle and keep it interesting. Children might enjoy learning in a kitchen while drinking milk after school. As a teenager, live for a year in an English speaking country. This is much less expensive if you do a barter - accept someone in your house in trade for living in theirs. Learn English by reading, listening, studying, and asking questions; practice what you learn by speaking and writing. Dictation is an excellent way to improve your listening and spelling skills. Have a friend read a few paragraphs from a book or a newspaper. Write down what you ...
高中英语教案范文
供参考的范例Module 1 Unit 2 Heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes说课教案（一） 教学内容1. 本课是Unit 2 heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes 的第一课时。
本单元分别介绍了National hero, History makers,Sports stars 和 Superhero。
这几篇文章的主题都是hero，但涉及的领域不同，它们融会贯通，承上启下，融为一体。
2. 本课是介绍National Hero，是学生比较熟悉和感兴趣的话题，前部分需要介绍杨利伟和神州五号，让学生掌握有关词汇；后一部分是介绍杨利伟乘坐神州五号宇宙飞船遨游太空的情况。
3. 本课文出现了较多的定语从句，还有生词较多（有些单词表没有而初中又没有学过），在这样的困难前提下，我引导学生通过 culture and background knowledge，结合课本内容丰富自己的知识面，拓宽学生对航天知识的了解，让学生了解航天英雄的成功之路，激发他们的民族自豪感。
（二） 学生分析1. 组成情况职业高中高一学生年龄都在14-16岁之间，大多数学生由于初中的知识基础打得不扎实，而且缺乏主动学习的能动性，自学能力差，对学习没有持有探究性和方向性，也没有养成良好英语学习习惯，所以学习成绩不太理想。
2. 学生的知识与技能水平职业高中招生的学生，基础知识比较薄弱，甚至连音标都不会读，词汇的掌握范围狭窄，影响了阅读，听力和作文。
学生的表达能力还是停留在比较低级的水平，面对每幅图片或某个主题只能说出一两句话，而且在阅读上，未能掌握泛读和精读的技巧和方法，课后的预习和复习能力较差，缺乏总结归纳的能力。
3. 学生已掌握的学习策略尽管学生的知识和技能水平一般，但经过了一定时间的训练后，他们还是掌握了pair work, group work, using the culture and background knowledge的阅读技巧。
（三） 教学目标1. 通过快速阅读文章，学生能够对每段文章进行归纳总结，准确地把段落主题与所给的headings联系起来。
2. 通过仔细阅读，学生能够回答关于文章的细节问题。
3. 通过进一步阅读，学生能够学生能用英语对采访自己心目中的民族英雄。
并尝试复述课文。
（四） 教学策略教学方法：使用交际法，充分调动学生的积极性，积极参与到课堂教学中，通过师生互动，小组表演的形式，完成各种任务，以达到完成教学任务的途径。
（五） 教学过程第一步 导入T: Good morning, Everyone! Do you like watching movies? Do you know Jet Lee （李连杰）？Do you know one of his famous movie called HERO? What does 'hero' mean? Who are the heroes in your heart? Do you know Yan Liwei, our national hero？第二步 介绍文章人物T: Open your books, and turn to page 100 and 101. Let's read two passages about Shenzhou V and Yang Liwei.Shenzhou V is China's first manned spaceship. It lifted off at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It was carrying Yang Liwei. It was launched very successfully and landed in Inner Mongolia safely.Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut. He was a pilot in the army. He was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998. During the 21-hour space flight, he circled the earth 14 times. When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.介绍文章时，展示文章中的生词，让学生猜测词意，带读并加以巩固。
第三步 阅读文章（1） Fast Reading呈现六个headings，让学生快速阅读，要求归纳每段的主题。
a. Astronaut lands safelyb. Welcome homec. International good wishedd. An exciting lift-offe. Introdutionf. During the flight学生单个回答并集体讨论改正错误。
（2） Careful Reading学生通过fast reading，完成了headings后，基本对课文有一定的了解，然后呈现出五道问题，要求学生再进行第二次阅读，对课文进行更深入的了解。
1. How did Yang Liwei feel duing the flight? How did he feel afterwards?2. What did Yang Liwei do during the Shenzhou V's seventh circle of the earth?3. How many circles did the spaceship complete while Yang Liwei was sleeping?4. What were helicopters doing as Yang Liwei returned to the earth's atmosphere?5. What did Yang Liwei do when he came out of the spaceship？第四步 巩固练习通过两次阅读让学生对课文熟悉，训练学生的阅读速度和解题技巧，最后通过ask and answer in pairs，培养学生的口语能力，并强迫他们记住文章的主要内容，为下一步语言运用打下基础。
第五步 语言运用为提高学生对生活中的热点问题发表自己观点的能力，让学生运用自己学过的语言知识，对自己心目中的民族英雄进行模拟采访。
把全班同学分成若干个小组，每个小组有一名同学扮演“杨利伟”，其他同学为全国各地新闻媒体记者，他们自由设计问题，对“杨利伟”进行采访。
教师巡视课堂，发现表现出色的小组，让他们到台前表演。
教师总结评价。
第六步 布置作业让学生准备复述杨利伟的故事，...
求几篇2014年英语四级作文的范文。
即大学里对你印象最深的一门课,...
I have met so many friends in my college life. They have exerted enormous influence on my life. However, one of my most impressive friends is my roommate, Li Ming. In the class meeting on the first day of school, Li Ming did not impress us at all. We started to notice him because he was always late for classes. We were thus impressed by his laziness. I came to know him and his situation because we were roommates and spent much time together: his mother was seriously ill and sick abed in long-term, his father left him and his mother mercilessly. Hence, it was him that shouldered the heavy burden of taking care of his sick mother supporting the whole family. Finally, under great pressures, he balanced his life and study perfectly: he was no longer always late, took good care of his mother and even won the scholarship many years in a row. The experience of Li Ming can be one of the most convincing cases of the power of persistence and will. He left a deep impression and imposed a durable influence on me. Indeed, friend such as him can be regarded as asset and property in our life. We have rights to choose our own friends,but we should also be prudent and sensible enough to choose friends who can bring us “positive energy”.【参考译文】 在我的大学生活中，遇到了很多朋友。
他们对我的人生产生了重大的影响。
然而，我印象最深的朋友是我的室友李明。
在开学第一天的入学班会上，他没有给全班同学留下任何印象。
李明让我们开始认识他，是因为他总是上课迟到，同学们都以为是个懒惰的人。
因为我们是室友，平时的交往比较多，后来我才慢慢了解到他的情况：原来他的母亲罹患重病，长期卧床，父亲残忍地离开他们而去，照顾生病的母亲和养家重任只能由他来承担了。
令人惊讶的是，在重压之下，他将自己的生活和学业平衡地很好：他不再总是迟到，将妈妈照顾的很好并且连续几年获得奖学金。
李明的经历是坚持和意志的作用的最有说服力的例子之一。
他给我留下的印象无法磨灭，他对我造成的影响持续深远。
的确，这样的朋友被视为我们生活中的财富和资产。
我们有权利选择自己的朋友，然而交友的过程中，我都应该足够理智和谨慎，选择那些能够给我们带来正能量的真正的朋友。
The Most Beneficial Activity in My Campus It is well known that university is greatly different from high school mainly due to that university will hold a large number of activities, which benefits college students a lot. From my perspective, the most beneficial one is “Long-distance Running for Love” organized by the Students Union when I am a freshman. The money collected by this activity is contributed to Project Hope. It is really my honor to participate the long running, because it benefits me greatly not only in body but also in mind. To begin with, the activity reminds me of the great importance of physical health. Before I go to college, I only focus on academic achievements while the physical health misses my attention. But, the long-running tells me in time that a sound mind lies in a sound body. Additionally, during my participation in this activity, I am informed well that there are still many children in rural areas who have to drop out of school because of impoverished families. Thus, for one thing, I fully realize the great importance of helping them fulfill their dreams. For another thing, I cherish the opportunity to study in university more, for when compared with those children in poverty-stricken areas, we should harbor a grateful heart. By and large, although I have taken part in many campus activities, I deem the long running for love most beneficial to me. And I am looking forward to that more wonderful and meaningful activities will be held in our campus.【参考译文】 众所周知，大学与高中截然不同，主要原因是大学里会举办很多校园活动，而这些大学活动使大学生受益匪浅。
我认为最有益的校园活动是大一时，由学生会举办的“爱心长跑”。
这次长跑筹集的善款用于捐助希望工程。
我很荣幸参加了这次长跑，因为这次活动使我的身心都获得了很大裨益。
首先，这次活动提醒我身体健康的重要性。
在我上大学前，我只关心自己的学习成绩，而忽视了健康。
但是，这次长跑及时提醒我——健康的身体孕育健康的灵魂。
此外，通过参加此次长跑，我深刻了解到还有许多偏远山区的小孩因为家庭贫困被迫辍学。
因此，一方面我充分意识到帮助这些小孩实现梦想是何其重要；另一方面，我更珍惜自己能上大学的机会。
因为，和那些贫困地区的小孩相比，我们应该怀有一颗感恩的心。
总体而言，虽然我参加过许多校园活动，但是我认为这次爱心长跑最为有益。
我也期待有更多精彩而有意义的校园活动举行。
A course that has impressed you most in college There are many courses in each college year. But the course which impressed me most in ...
专业英语翻译范文
框架结构设计的要点和过程1. 结构设计说明？？主要是设计依据，抗震等级，人防等级，地基情况及承载力，防潮抗渗做法，活荷载值，材料等级，施工中的注意事项，选用详图，通用详图或节点，以及在施工图中未画出而通过说明来表达的信息。
如混凝土的含碱量不得超过3kg/m3等等。
？？2. 各层的结构布置图，包括：？？（1）.预制板的布置（板的选用、板缝尺寸及配筋）。
标注预制板的块数和类型时， 不要采用对角线的形式。
因为此种方法易造成线的交叉， 宜采用水平线或垂直线的方法， 相同类型的房间直接标房间类型号。
应全楼统一编号，可减少设计工作量，也方便施工人员看图。
板缝尽量为40， 此种板缝可不配筋或加一根筋。
布板时从房间里面往外布板， 尽量采用宽板， 现浇板带留在靠窗处， 现浇板带宽最好≥200（考虑水暖的立管穿板）。
如果构造上要求有整浇层时， 板缝应大于60。
整浇层厚50， 配双向φ6@250， 混凝土C20。
纯框架结构一般不需要加整浇层。
构造柱处不得布预制板。
地下车库由于防火要求不可用预制板。
框架结构不宜使用长向板，否则长向板与框架梁平行相接处易出现裂缝。
建议使用PMCAD的人工布板功能布预制板，自动布板可能不能满足用户的施工图要求，仅能满足定义荷载传递路线的要求。
对楼层净高很敏感、跨度超过6.9米或不符合模数时可采用SP板，SP板120厚可做到7.2米跨。
？？？？（2）.现浇板的配筋（板上、下钢筋，板厚尺寸）。
板厚一般取120、140、160、180四种尺寸或120、150、180三种尺寸。
尽量用二级钢包括直径φ10（目前供货较少）的二级钢，直径≥12的受力钢筋，除吊钩外，不得采用一级钢。
钢筋宜大直径大间距，但间距不大于200，间距尽量用 200。
（一般跨度小于6.6米的板的裂缝均可满足要求）。
跨度小于2米的板上部钢筋不必断开，钢筋也可不画，仅说明钢筋为双向双排φ8@200。
板上下钢筋间距宜相等，直径可不同，但钢筋直径类型也不宜过多。
顶层及考虑抗裂时板上筋可不断，或50%连通，较大处附加钢筋，拉通筋均应按受拉搭接钢筋。
板配筋相同时，仅标出板号即可。
一般可将板的下部筋相同和部分上部筋相同的板编为一个板号，将不相同的上部筋画在图上。
当板的形状不同但配筋相同时也可编为一个板号。
应全楼统一编号。
当考虑穿电线管时，板厚≥120，不采用薄板加垫层的做法。
电的管井电线引出处的板，因电线管过多有可能要加大板厚至180（考虑四层32的钢管叠加）。
宜尽量用大跨度板，不在房间内（尤其是住宅）加次梁。
说明分布筋为φ6@250，温度影响较大处可为φ8@200。
板顶标高不同时，板的上筋应分开或倾斜通过。
现浇挑板阳角加辐射状附加筋（包括内墙上的阳角）。
现浇挑板阴角的板下宜加斜筋。
顶层应建议甲方采用现浇楼板，以利防水，并加强结构的整体性及方便装饰性挑沿的稳定。
外露的挑沿、雨罩、挑廊应每隔10~15米设一10mm的缝，钢筋不断。
尽量采用现浇板，不采用予制板加整浇层方案。
卫生间做法可为70厚+10高差（取消垫层）。
8米以下的板均可以采用非预应力板。
L、T或十字形建筑平面的阴角处附近的板应现浇并加厚，双向双排配筋，并附加45度的4根16的抗拉筋。
现浇板的配筋建议采用PMCAD软件自动生成，一可加快速度，二来尽量减小笔误。
自动生成楼板配筋时建议不对钢筋编号，因工程较大时可能编出上百个钢筋号，查找困难，如果要编号，编号不应出房间。
配筋计算时，可考虑塑性内力重分布，将板上筋乘以0.8~0.9的折减系数，将板下筋乘以1.1~1.2的放大系数。
值得注意的是，按弹性计算的双向板钢筋是板某几处的最大值，按此配筋是偏于保守的，不必再人为放大。
支承在外圈框架梁上的板负筋不宜过大，否则将对梁产生过大的附加扭距。
一般：板厚>150时采用φ10@200；否则用φ8@200。
PMCAD生成的板配筋图应注意以下几点：1.单向板是按塑性计算的，而双向板按弹性计算，宜改成一种计算方法。
2.当厚板与薄板相接时，薄板支座按固定端考虑是适当的，但厚板就不合适，宜减小厚板支座配筋，增大跨中配筋。
3.非矩形板宜减小支座配筋，增大跨中配筋。
4.房间边数过多或凹形板应采用有限元程序验算其配筋。
PMCAD生成的板配筋图为PM?.T。
板一般可按塑性计算，尤其是基础底板和人防结构。
但结构自防水、不允许出现裂缝和对防水要求严格的建筑， 如坡、平屋顶、橱厕、配电间等应采用弹性计算。
室内轻隔墙下一般不应加粗钢筋，一是轻隔墙有可能移位，二是板整体受力，应整体提高板的配筋。
只有垂直单向板长边的不可能移位的隔墙，如厕所与其他房间的隔墙下才可以加粗钢筋。
坡屋顶板为偏拉构件，应双向双排配筋。
？？？？（3）.关于过梁布置及轻隔墙。
现在框架填充墙一般为轻墙，过梁一般不采用预制混凝土过梁，而是现浇梁带。
应注明采用的轻墙的做法及图集，如北京地区的京94SJ19，并注明过梁的补充筋。
当过梁与柱或构造柱相接时，柱应甩筋，过梁现浇。
不建议采用加气混凝土做围护墙，装修难做并不能用在厕所处。
？？？？（4）.雨蓬、阳台、挑檐布置和其剖面详图。
注意：雨棚和阳台的竖板现浇时，最小厚度...
英语毕业论文范文
1毕业论文属于学术论文。
2只要不是抄的，你写出全世界最差的一篇论文就 可以。
3比着葫芦画瓢，找一篇去年毕业 同学的范文，格式样式，照着写就行了。
4毕业论文的实 质是读后感，选一本书，花一个星期读一遍。
边读 边做笔记。
把笔记整理一下，按范文格式条理一下，就是很好的论文了。
5问题的关键是：你必须花一周的时间。
许多同学不愿花费这个时间，那就没辙了。
别的也别谈了。
完了。
6有的同学找朋友帮忙，自已不写，让朋友替自己写一篇。
这当然好，但现在的朋友大都靠不住。
你让他写一篇给你，他满口答应，没过两天就送给你一篇。
你千恩万谢。
可是拿给老师一看，原来是从网上粘下来的，乱码都 还没改。
更可气者，一稿多用，他还把这篇“论文”送给好几个人，赚了好几顿饭，造成“雷同抄袭”、频烦吃饭。
7结论：只能自己写，花一周时 间。
8那位问了：“我写得不好怎么 办？”答：“这是伪问题。
别管好坏，先写出来就行。
老师还怕都写好呢：没法分优良中差了！总之，你写出一篇全球最差的论文就行，只要不是抄的！” 9只要硬着头皮写，傻瓜都能写一篇。
第一章 选题 一、选题的原则 （一）有价值（有品位，内行） （二）有可行性（或操作性，大小适中，难易恰当） （三）有浓厚兴趣（兴趣是动力，必须是自己喜欢的。
） 《论语·雍也篇》：“子曰：知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。
” 如果你什么都不喜欢，那就更好办：让辅导老师给你一个题目就行。
（四）专业对口（专业专长） 二、 选题的 方法 （一）亟待解决的课题 （二）填补空白的课题 （三）有争议的课题 （四）有矛盾的课题 （五）可综述的课题 第二章 搜集资料 学术研究往往是在前人已有成果的基础上，有所突破。
因此，搜集相关文献信息，非常重要。
要求能快 速、准确地搜集到所需的资料信息。
一、直接材料的搜集 第 一手材料 二、间接材料的搜集 从文献及网络查取的材料 （二手材料一定要注意核对。
） 图书、期刊，纸本索引及网络检索GOOGL、百度网等，关键词检索。
三、材料的分析 让材料自然分类，类聚法。
第三章 写提纲 提纲尽可能详尽，条理清晰，条块分明。
（镶玻璃法： 把内容分成几块，一块块往上填内容就行了。
） 一般分为序论、本论、结论三部分。
提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
论证的形式，纵深式（递进式），平列式，综合式。
第四章 写论文 一、格式及要求：前置部分及主体部分 前置部分：标题、署名、指导教师、目录、摘要、关键词 （一）标题：对论文重点的直接呈现。
准确得体，通俗易懂，简短精练（不能 简短，可加副标题），符合规范。
（二）署名，在题下。
（三）指导教师：xxx （四）摘要（可复制文中关键句子，稍作修 饰、连缀即可） （五）关键 词，一般3—5个即可，以重要程度为序。
（六）目录 主体部分： 前言、正文、结论、参考文献、致谢 （一）前言（引言，序论，导言，绪言） （二）正文（本论，主体） （三）结论 （四）注释 （五）参考文献 （文献名，作者，出版社，版次） 二、具体方法与规 范 （一）写作的顺序 1按照提纲自首至尾 2先写思考成熟的部分，最后焊接起来。
（若不知从何写起，就这样写） 写此不管彼，只求一意法。
（二）引用材料的方法 1直接引用法 引证。
推论，尊重，显示自己并非标新立异，不乏同道。
（拉赞助） 2先斩后奏法 先概述观点，然后指出某人某文已详言之（加注参见） 3映带法 崇山峻岭，又有清流急湍映带左右。
研究韩愈，不妨提及东坡；研究明清诗，也可上溯到汉魏。
4戒剽窃。
学会运用，而不是照抄。
（三）论文的整体要求 准确，概括、简练，严谨客观，平实，文采。
不可以孤立的看问题，要注意上下影响。
（四）段落、标点规范 （五）语体的要求 要简约典雅。
第五章 修改、定稿 文不厌改，要改得死去活来。
一、自己反复阅读， （1）改正错误的字、词、句（笔下误）。
（2）逻辑错误 （3）修正完善观点（4）论据错误（5）调整结构布局（完美，圆满，面团原理，增删 材料）（6）修饰词句。
面团原理：你如果原打算写五个部分，最后只写成三个部分；那你就说你本来就打算写三个部分，现在如期完成了，很“圆满”。
因为没有人知道你的原计划，也 没有人想知道，所以没必要告诉他人。
二、他人审校（吸收他人意见；自己的错误往往看不出）。
互相审阅，互相挑毛病。
第六章 答辩 虚心点就行。
自己写的，也不用心虚。
转载请注明出处范文大全网 » 成绩等级的影响 英语作文
