半脸妆_晴儿
范文一：时间状语从句---适合初中
时间状语从句
概念：时间状语由句子来充当，主句与从句由引导词连接。（注：表示将来则需主将从现） 常用引导词：when ,while, as, before, after, as soon as, till/until, since, ect.
特殊引导词：the moment, the minute, every time, immediately, directly等（不做举例） when
I will phone you when I am free / available. 我有空就会给你打电话的。
When she got there, the rest were all there waiting for her. 当她到的时候所有人都在等她。 When I arrived，the man had already died. 当我到达的时候，那个人已经死了。 When people feel hungry, they will find water to drink.当人们觉得口渴时，他们会找水喝。 While (从句动词是延续性的动词)
I ate a lot while I was at home during the Spring Festival. 春节在家的时候我吃了好多。 Can you take care of my cat while I am away from home? 我不在时，你能照看我的猫么？ I don’t like talking while I am eating. 我不喜欢吃饭的时候说话。
Siani missed you badly while she was abroad. Siani在国外的时候很挂念你。
As表示“一边??一边??”
Shelly likes eating snacks as she watches TV. Shelly喜欢一边看电视，一边吃零食。 I listen to music as I walk.我一边走一边听歌。
Before在??之前
Look before you leap.三思而后行。
You must return home before the gate is closed.你必须在大门关之前回家。 Before you go travelling, you had better search the Internet for some information.在你旅游之前你最好到网上找下资料。
After 在??之后
After all the homework is done, we can hang out with our friends.所有作业写完后，我们可以和朋友出去玩。
You will feel better after you take the pill.你吃完药后会觉得好点的。
Please tell me your comments/remarks after you watch the movie.你看完电影后请谈下你的感受。
As soon as一??就??
As soon as he came back, he smelt the delicious food.他一回到家就闻到饭香味了。 Jason can’t help smiling as soon as he thinks of her. Jason一想到她就情不自禁的笑了。 I saw a lot of messages as soon as I logged on the QQ.我一上扣就看到好多留言。
Until/till 直到
We won’t eat until you come.到你来我们才吃饭。
I won’t let you go until she agrees. 直到她同意我才会让你走。
Tony will never go until you forgive him. Tony是不会走的，直到你原谅为止。
She kept crying until her mother came home 她会一直哭，直到她妈妈回来。
Since自从（主句常用现在完成时）
I have known her since I was a child.我在孩提时代就认识她了。
Lily has stayed at home since she graduated.自他毕业后就一直呆在家。
My brother has played games since he got home. 自我弟弟回家后一直在玩游戏。
范文二：初中时间状语从句学生
时间状语从句
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as，after,before,since,until等词引导。
一、时间状语从句种类
1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性 的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。
When she came in, I stopped eating. (瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. （延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in. 。
2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while 有 时还可以表示对比。
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball. （对比）
3、as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；
as也可以强调“一先一后。
We always sing as we walk. 。（as表示“一边……一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow. 。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不 强调开始下雪的特定时间）
4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。
It will be four days before they come back. After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且
要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时， 用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。 I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.
I worked until he came back. 6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。
I have been in Beijing since you left.
7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。：
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
二、时态问题
在状语从句中，有“主将从现”的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句， 从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive） 典型例题：I'm sure he will jump up when he the good news.
A . know B will know C. knows D knowing
误区提醒
When既可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导宾语从句，辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的
地方。
典型例题：I don’t know when he next week. when he , please let me know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
范文三：初中时间状语从句语法及练习
英语时间状语从句讲解与练习
(一)when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,
根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在
看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗,
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想到
了。
7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点:when 从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件
B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它
作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为
如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文
章补充说:when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。
实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作
为一个时间参照点。例如:
1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开
了。
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?
你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的,
4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说，while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描
述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是:当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如
何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根
据具体情况而定。例如:
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
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4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。
因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，
相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
再例:
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从
句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以
翻译成“边……边……”。例如:
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越
兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.
当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。
as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间
说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着……”
之意。
例如:
1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是
特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。
四、when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，
as 可以互换使用。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
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当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the
bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
五、比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
(二)before和after引导的时间状语从句
1(Before是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，
并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句
之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓
语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。 2(After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与
before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时)
(三)比较until和till 的用法
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如:Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别:1)until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
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例如:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
3)until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候,
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
4)Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
例如:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。
5)It is not until… that….
例如:It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. (四)巧辨before和until
在日常英语教学中，我们遇到学生问这样的一些问题:
1.He will spend six hours at his desk____he finishes his composition.
A.before B.until C.after D.when
2.The bike hit the tree____I could get off.
A.when B.before C.while D.until
3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes____Mrs white answered it.
A.until B.when C.after D.before
4.It was____yesterday____be____the secret.
A.not until;that;knew B.until;when;knew
C.not before;that;found D.before;that;didn't find
怎样才能清楚地解释其选择的原因，这就涉及到until与before的区别问题。
实际上，只要我们把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的，还是延续
性的，肯定式，还是否定式两大点，就能容易地解决这类问题。现详细阐明如下:
一、在下列情况下，两者可互换用，但含义略有不同。before表示“在……之前”的
意思，强 调时间先后关系;而until表示“直到……才”的意思，主句是肯定句则表示
主句动作的终 止时间;主句是否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间。
1.主句为否定式终止性谓语动词。常见的动词是open,start,leave,arrive,finish,
stop等。例如:
(1)The noise of the street didn't stop until/before it was midnight.
(2)The children won't come back until/before it is dark.
(3)I didn't leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.
2.主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词，这类动词用stand,stay,talk,be,wait等。例如:
(1)He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.
(2)I will wait until/before he comes to my help.
(3)I shall stay heer until/before you come back.
二、在下列情况下，用before不用until。
1.主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词，只用before。例:
(1)He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
(2)We arrived there before it atarted to rain.
(3)The holiday came to the end befor I knew it.
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(4)He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
2.主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性，只用before，常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗
示。例:
(1)It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.
(2)We had walked a long way before we found some water.
(3)We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.
(4)The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could
countrol it.
(5)It was midnight before my brother came home.
(6)It was three months before they met again.
3.如果强调从句谓语动作未发生，就发生主句谓语动作，只用before。常译为“未
及”，“不”或“不等……就”。例:
(1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.
(2)I must write it down before I forget it.
(3)We do want to buy something now before prices go up.
4.表“与其说……倒不如”，“与其……毋宁……”只用before。例:
(1)I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed.
(2)He will die of hunger before he will steal.
5.在某些特定句型中用before。例如:
(1)It was not long before the whole country rose up.
(2)It will probably not be long before they understand each other.
三、下列情况一般区别用until。
1.主句是持续性谓语动词时，肯定、否定都可以，但意义完全不同。肯定表动作
终止，而否定表动作开始。例如:
(1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back.我们一直讨论到他回
来。
(2)We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.我们一直等到他回来后才讨
论问题。
2.not…until句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换用，但在强调句中一般仍用
until。
例如:
(1)It was not until he told me that I knew it.
(2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.
综上所述，前面的4条选择题中，第1、3题强调动作发生的迟缓性应选before。
第2题表动作未及发生就发生主句动作也应选before。第4题为强调句应选A项。
(五)其他时间状语从句的用法
1.由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，
从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since
从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了,
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
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知识扩展
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before?(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(,until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
2.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导
的时间状语从句。
这些连词都表示“一??就”。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
3.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。
注意时态的变化:在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词
用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例
如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，
我将已经完成此工作了。
注意:when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句
中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
六、练习:在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1(_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2(_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
3(I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.
4(Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.
5(It was already eight o'clock _________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7(We'll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will start.
8. He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China.
12. _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven't seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。
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20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.
21. They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.
22. He always stay in bed ______ lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you.
25. _______ she grew older, she became more responsible. 二、从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town.
A. before B. after C. until D. unless
2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. before C. after D. even if
3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang. A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as
4. ________ you begin, I think you must continue. A. When B. Whenever C. Once D. Even if
5. I remembered you ________ I saw you at the airport. A. the moment B. while C. after D. once
6. He was about to go to bed ________ the doorbell rang. A. while B. as C. before D. when
7.________I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until
8. _____ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till
9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) ______ they saw the guard. A. the moment B. after C. before D. as
Key:
1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as 5. when
6. when
7. when 8. while 9. while 10. whenever 11. before
12. After
13. since 14. till/until 15. until 16. before 17. as soon as 18. before
19. when 20. As soon as 21.when 22. until 23. while
24. While
25. As
二、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7.A 8.C 9.A
文案 编辑词条
B 添加义项 ?
文案，原指放书的桌子，后来指在桌子上写字的人。现在指的是公司或企业中从事文字工作的职位，
就是以文字来表现已经制定的创意策略。文案它不同于设计师用画面或其他手段的表现手法，它是
一个与广告创意先后相继的表现的过程、发展的过程、深化的过程， 多存在于广告公司，企业宣传，
新闻策划等。
基本信息
中文名称
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文案
外文名称
Copy
目录
1发展历程
2主要工作
3分类构成
4基本要求
5工作范围
6文案写法
7实际应用
折叠编辑本段发展历程
汉字"文案"(wén àn)是指古代官衙中掌管档案、负责起草文书的幕友,亦指官署中的公文、书信等;在现代，文案的称呼主要用在商业领域，其意义与中国古代所说的文案是有区别的。
在中国古代，文案亦作" 文按 "。公文案卷。《北堂书钞》卷六八引《汉杂事》:"先是公府掾多不视事，但以文案为务。"《晋书?桓温传》:"机务不可停废，常行文按宜为限日。" 唐戴叔伦《答崔载华》诗:"文案日成堆，愁眉拽不开。"《资治通鉴?晋孝武帝太元十四年》:"诸曹皆得良吏以掌文按。"《花月痕》第五一回:" 荷生 觉得自己是替他掌文案。"
旧时衙门里草拟文牍、掌管档案的幕僚，其地位比一般属吏高。《老残游记》第四回:"像你老这样抚台央出文案老爷来请进去谈谈，这面子有多大!"夏衍《秋瑾传》序幕:"将这 阮财富 带回衙门去，要文案给他补一份状子。"
文案音译
文案英文:copywriter、copy、copywriting
文案拼音:wén àn
现代文案的概念:
文案来源于广告行业，是"广告文案"的简称，由copy writer翻译而来。多指以语辞进行广告信息内容表现的形式，有广义和狭义之分，广义的广告文案包括标题、正文、口号的撰写和对广告形象的选择搭配;狭义的广告文案包括标题、正文、口号的撰写。
在中国，由于各个行业发展都相对不够成熟，人员素质也参差不齐，这使得"文案"的概念常常被错误引用和理解。最典型的就是把文案等同于"策划"，其实这是两种差别很大，有着本质区别的工作。只是由于文案人员常常需要和策划人员、设计人员配合工作，且策划人员也需要撰写一些方案，这使得很多人误认为文案和策划就是一回事，甚至常常把策划与文案的工作会混淆在一起(这也和发源于中国的"策划学"发展不够成熟有关)。
广告文案
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广告文案
很多企业中，都有了的专职的文案人员，只有当需要搞一些大型推广活动、做商业策划案、写可行性分析报告等需求量大的项目时，才需要对外寻求合作。以往一般企业都会找广告、文化传媒等公司合作。这些公司一般都有专业的文案、设计团队，经验也相对丰富，但因为业务量大，范围广泛，在针对性方面会较为薄 弱。随着社会经济不断发展，对专业文案的要求更加严格，逐渐衍生了一些专注于文字服务的文案策划公司。这类企业发展速度很快，大多数都是从工作室形式转型而来，也有从文化传播机构独立出来的。
随着中国广告业二十余年的迅猛发展，广告公司的经营范围，操作流程，工作方式都在变化，文案的角色由无闻转为配角，现正昂首阔步走向台面，成为主角，从前一则广告多是由设计出计划，再配图之后，文案轮为完稿，一则广告的计划多是由文案与美工共同完成，然后各自分工。说起文案的地位，日本是从1992年意识到文案的重要性，台湾是1998年。2002年，大陆的一些中大型广告公司的老总几乎都在垂叹，好的文案太少了。好的文案往往愿意扎堆，从全国形式来看，这股潜规则正逐渐由华南广告重镇广州向华东中心上海转移。
折叠编辑本段主要工作
撰写报纸广告、杂志广告、海报; 撰写企业样本、品牌样本、产品目录; 撰写日常宣传文案白领一族 文案白领一族
单页、各类宣传小册子; 撰写DM直邮广告，包括信封、邮件正文; 撰写电视广告脚本，包括分镜头、旁白、字幕; 撰写电视专题片脚本; 撰写电视广告的拍摄清单; 撰写广播广告; 将海外版广告文案作 汉化(翻译); 撰写广告歌词，或汉化(翻译)外文歌词; 撰写各种形式的网络广告; 为网站栏目命名; 撰写网站内部文案; 撰写手机短信广告; 撰写各类广告作品的创意阐述; 撰写广告口号; 撰写产品包装文案，包括:品牌名、使用说明、产品成分等; 为产品或品牌命名，并作创意阐述; 为路演或活动命名，并作创意阐述; 撰写活动请柬及活动现场宣传品上的文字; 为各种礼品命名，并作创意阐述; 为专卖店命名，并作创意阐述; 撰写商店的橱窗或店内POP物料文案; 撰写软文、新闻式、故事式、评论式; 撰写策划书，或协助策划人员优化、润色方案文字; 协助客户企业内刊的编辑，提供主题方向，审核文字。 不同的环境对文案撰稿人有着不同的锤炼和要求。
折叠编辑本段分类构成
从现有的文案分类有很多种，按照4A标准，一般有四类:助理文案(ACW)， 文案(CW策划文案 策划文案
)，高级文案(ACW)，资深文案(SCW)，其中稍微要区别的是高级文案与资深文案，前者要求的是文案的撰写能力，而后者不仅仅是文案的撰写能力还包括做文案的年资。有些4A公司设有文案主任(CE)一职，大体上与文案职责类似，有时候负责专项。另外有些个别公司还配有首席文案的职位(CCW)，文案功力凤毛麟角，虽不具领导才能，但有的首席文案拿的工资却比创意总监还要高。大部分国内广告公司文案的种类繁杂，有房地产文案、创意文案、企划文案、品牌文案等。
文案是由标题、副标题、广告正文、广告口号组成的。它是广告内容的文字化表现。在广告设计中，文案与图案图形同等重要，图形具有前期的冲击力，广告文案具有较深的影响力。
广告标题:它是广告文案的主题，往往也是广告内容的诉求重点。它的作用在于吸引人们对广告的注目，留下印象，引起人们对广告的兴趣。只有当受众对标语产生兴趣时， 才会阅读正文。广告标语的设计形式有:情报式，问答式、祈使式、新闻式、口号式、暗示式、提醒式等。广告标语撰写时要
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语言简明扼要，易懂易记，传递清楚，新颖个性，句 子中的文字数量一般掌握在12个字以内为宜。
广告副标题:它是广告方案的补充部分，有一个点睛的作用。主要表现在对标题的补充及让人感觉，前面的不懂，在这里全部让人了解。
广告正文:广告正文是对产品及服务，以客观的事实、具体的说明，来增加消费者的了解与认识，以理服人。广告正文撰写使内容要实事求是，通俗易懂。不论采用何种 题材式样，都要抓住主要的信息来叙述，言简易明。
广告口号:口号是战略性的语言，目的是经过反复和相同的表现，以便名域其他企业精神的不同，使消费者掌握商品或服务的个性。这以成为推广商品不可或缺的要素。广告 口号常有的形式:联想式、比喻式、许诺式、推理式、赞扬式、命令式。广告口号的撰写要注意简洁明了、语言明确、独创有趣、便于记忆、易读上口。
所谓广告文案是以语辞进行广告信息内容表现的形式。广告文案有广义和狭义之分，广义的广告文案就是指通过广告语言、形象和其他因素，对既定的广告主题、广告创意所 进行的具体表现。狭义的广告文案则指表现广告信息的言语与文字构成。广义的广告文案包括标题、正文、口号的撰写和对广告形象的选择搭配;狭义的广告文案包括标题、正文 、口号的撰写。
折叠编辑本段基本要求
1)准确规范、点明主题
准确规范是文案中最基本的要求。要实现对广告主题和广告创意的有效表现和对广告信息的广告文案
广告文案
有效传播，首先要求广告文案中语言表达规范完整，避免语法错误或表达残缺。其次，广告文案中所使用的语言要准确无误，避免产生歧义或误解。第三，广告文案中的语言要符合语 言表达习惯，不可生搬硬套，自己创造众所不知的词汇。第四，广告文案中的语言要尽量通俗化、大众化，避免使用冷僻以及过于专业化的词语。
2)简明精炼、言简意赅
文案在文字语言的使用上，要简明扼要、精练概括。首先，要以尽可能少的语言和文字表达出广告产品的精髓，实现有效的广告信息传播。其次，简明精练的广告文案有助于吸引广告受众的注意力和迅速记忆下广告内容。第三， 要尽量使用简短的句子，以防止受众因繁长语句所带来的反感。
3)生动形象、表明创意
文案中的生动形象能够吸引受众的注意，激发他们的兴趣。国外研究资料表明:文字、图像能引起人们注意的百分比分别文字是35%, 图像是65%，文案创作时采用生动活泼、新颖独特的语言的同时，附助以一定的图像来配合。
4)优美流畅、上口易记
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文案是广告的整体构思，对于由其中诉之于听觉的广告语言，要注意优美、流畅和动听，使其易识别、易记忆和易传播，从而突出广告定位，很好地表现广告主题和广告创意，产生良好的广告效果。同时，也要避免过分追求语言和音韵美，而忽视广告主题，生搬硬套，牵强附会，因文害意。
折叠编辑本段工作范围
策划文案和创意文案
一)策划文案:工作主要是将策划工作人员的策划思路形成文字。毋庸置疑，公司很多策划人员均有很强的策划水平和丰富的策划经验，但有时候手上同时进行几个案子，同时时间又比较紧的情况下，文案可以在充分理解策划意图的情况下帮助策划人员完成策划方案的写作。这其中有几个内容:
1.必须充分了解本案的运作背景，包括宏观市场信息和微观市场动态。
2.掌握整个策划的战略指导思想。
3.以通俗易懂、言简意赅的论述方式将策划思想反映在字里行间。
4.到比较专业的问题或障碍的时候，应及时与策划人员沟通，保证策划方向的一致性。
5.贯彻战略方针的同时，也可就战略思想的表达方式和文字提述上提出一些合理化建议，从而更好地展现策划的战略核心点。
二)创意文案:主要是将广告作品的表现及形式用完整的文字表达出来，其中，除了产生画面的构想之外，还包括广告语言的表现内容(如平面的标题、引文、正文、随文，广告语等，影视的音效、旁白、字幕、广告语等)。其中至关重要的就是新颖的创意和传神的文字表现。而这些智慧的闪光绝对不是拍一下脑门子就能出来的。这其中包括了以下内容:
1.通过各个层面，特别是swot方面深入理解，从而找出项目的核心优势。
2.把握目标消费群的心态。
3.掌握宏观政策及大市场对项目本身的影响。
4.场策划人员和设计人员保持密切联系，随时沟通。
5.市场上类似房产项目的文案及创意，力求全面加以突破。
6.获悉开发商对文案创作的要求，调整文字内容和形式。
折叠编辑本段文案写法
商家要吸引、留住消费者必须注重细节的提高和改善，而其中，文案就是不可忽视的一大细节。下面是一些能吸引买家的写文案方法:
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折叠九宫格思考法
拿一张白纸，用笔先分割成9宫格。中间那格填上你的商品名，接下来开始在其它8格填上可以帮助此商品销售的众多可能优点。这是强迫创意产生的简单练习法，我也常用这种方式构思出企划案或演讲PPT的结构。
折叠要点衍伸法
把该商品型录上的商品特点照抄下来，然后每个要点后面加以延伸。如果你真的很懒，照抄型录商品卖点也可，但文字会比较没有人味，说服力道会稍差。
折叠三段式写作法
这是仿新闻学中"倒三角写作法"。第一段，请精要地浓缩全文的销售话术，因为多数人都没耐心看全文。第二段，请依照型录要点衍伸法，逐一说明该商品的众多特色。到底是点列还是一段长文章较好，要看你的文字功力。文字功力欠佳就点列式写出卖点即可。最后一段是「钩子」，主要任务是要叫人【Buy Now】，所以一般是强化商品USP(Unique Selling Point，独特销售卖点)、价格优势或赠品。
折叠编辑本段实际应用
市场研究
没有正确的市场导向，任何文案或创意都是天马行空的奇思怪想。的确，再优美的文字用在不适宜的场合中都可能导致整个策划执行的失败。一篇优秀的文案，一定是在对市场有深入的了解后方能下笔的。 例如不同地区的经济发展水平、文化构成、风土人情、产业结构比重等等皆有很大差异，同一地区不同年龄、阶层人士的世界观、思维观、道德观和价值观也参差不齐，加上特定环境、特定历史背景或政策规文赋予某些项目的特殊意义，都会对文案产生深远的影响。 所以无市场，文案便如枯井之蛙，其作品不仅缺乏远见，生命力也极为低下。
沟通与互助
在创作一幅作品时，常常发生这种情况:设计人员与文案人员一开始没有很好的沟通;结果是设计人员设计出来的作品文案看来好像是曲解了原意，而将文案配上去时候，设计人员又认为文案的风格与画面差入甚大。矛盾自然就出现了。 其实文案和设计，乃至市场、企划、媒体等各部门工作人员都应随时保持高效的沟通。通篇来看，文案的工作是将市场的调查分析结果作为其创作的翔实论据、企划的核心思想作为其创作的指引方向，媒体投放的渠道作为其创作的特定模式，设计排版作为其创作的具体表现。因此，每一个环节都是动态维系着的。在做一个文稿之前，与各个部门广泛沟通，并做到互爱互助，才能在一个凝聚力超强的团队中展现出自己独特的个性和才华
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范文四：初中状语从句讲解(时间、条件)
初中状语从句讲解（一）
一、什么是状语？
状语是在句中起重要辅助作用的一类句子成分，用于辅助说明
时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步（共八种功能）；句中，状语一般由副词或副词性的词组、句子充当（修饰动词、形容词，甚至句子和副词本身）。
标出下列句子的状语：
当将上述状语改为用连接词引导的句子时，全句就被称为状语从句。根据状语在句中的不同作用，又将其划分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步状语从句。
标出下列句子的状语：
1. Everything is OK as it was in the past.
2. Loves miss each other when they are apart. 3. Whenever I take exams, my mind blanks out. 4. More and more college students, prefer to stay in dorm.
二、初中状语从句重点：时间、条件状语从句。 （一）时间状语从句中的连接词：
When / while / as after / before / since
As soon as till （不可用于句首） / until By the time
（解释以上连接词的意思） （二）时间状语从句中的时态：
1. You begin to know something when you think you know nothing.
2. The president laughed as he spoke.
3. By the end of this year, it will be four months since they joined the army.
4. We went home after we had finished the work. 5. My father had left for Canada before the letter arrived.
时态的一致性： 主句 从句
现在时 现在时/过去时 将来时 现在时/过去时 过去时 过去时
提问：为什么有些动作会用进行时/完成时表示？ 观察下列句子中的动词：
While my mom was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
While my mom came in, I was watching TV.
My mom was reading the newspaper while I came in.
Jack left the office after he (had) finished the report. The writer had written many unknown books before he got famous overnight.
（三）条件状语从句的连接词和时态：
Unless if
时态一致性： 主句 从句 将来时 现在时 （过去将来时 过去时） 翻译下列句子：
1. 如果叫他的话他会帮你忙的。 If you ask him, he will help you. 2. 除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。
The game will be held unless it rains. 3. If I were you, I would not be so stupid. 如果我是你，我不会那么笨的。
练习：
____ the days went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked
He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________.
A. before he can recover B. after he can recover C. before he could recover D. after he could recover They ____ the train _____ it disappeared in the distance. A. watch, after B. watched, until C. watched, after D. watch, until It’s years ____ I met an old friend.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
If you _____ (open up) your mind, you ______ (find) the world is full of joy.
The stars are shining in the sky. There was no air pollution. (用when连接两个句子)
We _____(leave) school before we _____(finish) the homework.. 我们完成作业前就回家了。
范文五：初中时间状语从句练习题
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初中时间状语从句练习题
一、when 的用法
when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，一个时间
点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在
进行时when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。。而主句的时态没
有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out
new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading
a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老
师进来的时候，你在写信吗,
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，
你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone
knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
二、while 的用法
while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。:当while 事
件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何，所以while 从句一
般用的是正在进行时。1. While my wife was reading the
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newspaper, I was watching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came
to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was
working out a plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
三、when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came
in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延续性动词]
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2. When /While /As she was making a phone call,
I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street,
I noticed a police car in front of the
bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
2)比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某
事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思
是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该
用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜
时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
否定句:She didn't arrive until o'clock. 她直到
6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公
共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained
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how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别:1)until可用于句
首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
3)Since自从。。。。意味一段时间。主句常用现在完成
时，从句用一般过去式。
后跟过去时间点/一段时间+ ago/ 句子
1.David has lived in Beijing ______008.
2.Our school basketball team has won five medals____I entered it.
四(before after的用法
1.We must finish reading the books ___going home .
2.He worked in the car factory for two years ______he gradtuated from college._______we have lunch ,we should wash hands.
before ,after 即可以作连词，后跟从句，又可以作
介词，跟名词/代词/动词ing. 练习:在下列各句的空格中
填入适当的连词
1(_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2(_________ he was speaking, everybody listened
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carefully.
3(I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.
4(Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.
5(It wa
s already eight o'clock _________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7(We'll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will start.
8. He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin.
9. Hey is in charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China.
12. _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven't seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
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15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。
20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.
21. They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.
22. He always stay in bed ______ lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’
t agree with you.
25. _______ she grew older, she became more responsible.
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26.He watches the NBN games ___there is one on TV.
2.David often goes to play basketball______school is over.
28.I have been crazy about playing basketball _______I was a little boy.
29.Jane’s knees hurt babdly _______it rains.
30.The teacher didn’t begin her class ______the
students stopped talking.
31 Mr Wang likes pop music _______his wife likes classical music.
32.The door of the lift was closed _______I could walk in.
33.You won’t know the value of health______you lose.
34.Mum was washing clothing in the washing room ______the telephone rang.
3While she _______TV in the sitting room, the bell ______
A watched ,rang B was watching ,is ringing C was watching, rang D watched, was ringing
37.They will start the party as soon as their teacher____
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38.Ifeel bad whenever I drink something cold.翻
译汉语。
39.每当杰克参加晚会时，他就会穿上自己的黑衣服。
_______Jack ___ ____ ____,he puts on his black suit.
40.He ______________ ___what he wants.等他得到
了他所要的东西才会离开
Key:
1. When
7. when
13. since
19. when
25. As. While / When3. as. when/as5. when6. when. while9. while 10. whenever 11. before 12. After 15. until 16. before17. as soon as 18. before 0. As soon as21.when22. until3. while4. While 14. till/until
英语时间状语从句讲解与练习
when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去
时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out
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new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading
a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老
师进来的时候，你在写信吗,
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，
你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone
knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.
就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。
7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when
someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲
门了。
根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点:when 从句的
A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when
从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个
时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用
正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时
间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说:when
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从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。
实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不
用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如:
1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还
想再找新的,
4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.下周，经理来这
参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说，while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。
while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意
思是:当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。
所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状
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态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如:
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was
watching TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came
to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was
working out a plan to get us home.约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
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再例:
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some stamps?
三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正
在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般
不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻
译成“边??边??”。例如:
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran
down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下
来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学
生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.
我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们
一边走，一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing
sound.
当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。
as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件
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时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着??”之意。
例如:
1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the
height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and
richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting
as she was crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。
四、when, while, as 的互换
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如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为
延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延
续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of thebank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
五、比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引
导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或
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while。
例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
before和after引导的时间状语从句
1(Before是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，
并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成
“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句
用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓
语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体
现动作发生的先后。
2(After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和
从句的动作的时间关系正好与
before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他
们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.
爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信
到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they
were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
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After you think it over, please let me know what
you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。
比较until和till 的用法
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
否定句:She didn't arrive until o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained
how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别:1)until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of
what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。3)until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如:
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---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候, ---
Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意:否定句可用另外
两种句式表示。4)Not until?在句首，主句用倒装。 例
如:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到1世纪初，人类才知道热为
何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多
岁月。5)It is not until? that?. 例如:It was not until
I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
巧辨before和until
在日常英语教学中，我们遇到学生问这样的一些问题:
1.He will spend six hours at his desk____he finishes his composition.
A.before B.until C.after D.when
2.The bike hit the tree____I could get off.
A.whenB.before C.while D.until
3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes____Mrs white answered it.
A.untilB.whenC.after D.before
4.It was____yesterday____be____the secret.
A.not until;that;knewB.until;when;knew
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C.not before;that;found D.before;that;didn't find
怎样才能清楚地解释其选择的原因，这就涉及到until与before的区别问题。 实际上，只要我们把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的，还是延续性的，肯定式，还是否定式两大点，就能容易地解决这类问题。现详细阐明如下:
一、在下列情况下，两者可互换用，但含义略有不同。before表示“在??之前”的意思，强 调时间先后关系;而until表示“直到??才”的意思，主句是肯定句则表示主句动作的终止时间;主句是否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间。
1.主句为否定式终止性谓语动词。常见的动词是open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop等。例如:
The noise of the street didn't stop until/before
it was midnight.
The children won't come back until/before it is
dark.
I didn't leave the lovely boy until/before his
mother came home.
2.主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词，这类动词用
stand,stay,talk,be,wait等。例如:
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He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.
I will wait until/before he comes to my help.
I shall stay heer until/before you come back.
二、在下列情况下，用before不用until。
1.主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词，只用before。例:
He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
We arrived there before it atarted to rain.
The holiday came to the end befor I knew it.
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
2.主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性，只用before，常
伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示。例:
It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.
We had walked a long way before we found some water.
We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.
The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could
countrol it.
It was midnight before my brother came home.
It was three months before they met again.
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3.如果强调从句谓语动作未发生，就发生主句谓语动
作，只用before。常译为“未及”，“不”或“不等??就”。
例:
We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.
I must write it down before I forget it.
We do want to buy something now before prices go up.
4.表“与其说??倒不如”，“与其??毋宁??”只
用before。例:
I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed.
He will die of hunger before he will steal.
5.在某些特定句型中用before。例如:
It was not long before the whole country rose up.
It will probably not be long before they understand each other.
三、下列情况一般区别用until。
1.主句是持续性谓语动词时，肯定、否定都可以，但
意义完全不同。肯定表动作终止，而否定表动作开始。例如:
We discussed the problem until/before he came back.我们一直讨论到他回 来。
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We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.
我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。
2.not?until句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换用，但在强调句中一般仍用until。
例如:
It was not until he told me that I knew it.
It was not until he finished his homework that he
went home.
综上所述，前面的4条选择题中，第1、3题强调动作发生的迟缓性应选before。第2题表动作未及发生就发生主句动作也应选before。第4题为强调句应选A项。
其他时间状语从句的用法
1.由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了, It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有
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四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.
我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
状语从句概述
状语从句详解 1. 时间状语从句
2.地点状语从句
3.条件状语从句
4.原因状语从句
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