范文一:平面向量的数量积的定义
平面向量的数量积的定义
班别 姓名 一(选择题
01.4,6,45若与的夹角为,则(mnmnmn,,,,, )。
B.122C.-122A.12D.-12
2.,,2若abc满足a//b 且ac,,,,,,则cacb( )。
A.4B.3C.2D.0
03.90,1,如图在中,则的值是(RtABCAABABBC,,,, )。
A.1B.1,C.11或,
DBBC.不确定,与的大小,的长度有关,
34.3,已知a,,,b在a方向上的投影为,则ab( )。2
91D.B.A.3C.222
二(填空题
05.,1,120若向量满足与的夹角为,则abababaaab,,,,,, 6.给出下列四个命题:
(1)若,则;abab,,,,00
(2)在ABC中,若OA+OB+OC,0,则是OABC的重心;
(3)若与是共线向量;ababab,,,,
(4)已知是三个非零向量,则的必要条件是abcabacbc,,0.,,,,= 其中真命题的序号是
三(解答题
27.851200已知向量,,(),求与的夹角及向量在方向上的投影。abababab,,,,,
73
8.,12.已知平面向量满足,,与的夹角ababab,,,
(1)若abab//,求;,
(2)若aba-与垂直,求.,
29.200已知,且关于abaxabab,,,,,,x的方程x有实根,求与的夹角的取值范围。
74
范文二:平面向量的数量积的定义
平面向量的数量积的定义
班别 姓名
一.选择题
01. 若m =4, n =6, m 与n 的夹角θ为45,则m ?n =( )。
A.12
B . 2
C . -2 D.-12
2. 若a , b , c 满足a//b 且a ⊥c, 则c ?a +2c ?b =( )。
A.4 B.3 C.2 D.0
03. 如图在Rt ABC 中,∠A =90, AB =1, 则AB ?BC 的值是( )。
或-1 A .1 B . -1 C . 1
的大小,B 的C 长度有关 D . 不确定,与∠B
34. 已知a =3, b 在a 方向上的投影为,则a ?b =( )。2
91B . D . 2 C .2 2 A .3
二.填空题
05. 若向量a , b 满足a =b =1, a 与b 的夹角为120,则a ?a +a ?b =6. 给出下列四个命题:
(1)若a =b =0,则a =b =0;
(2)在 ABC 中,若OA +OB +OC =0, 则O 是 ABC 的重心;
(3)若a 与b 是共线向量?a ?b =a ?b ;
(4)已知a , b , c 是三个非零向量,则a +b =0的必要条件是a ?c =b ?c .
其中真命题的序号是
三.解答题
27. 已知向量a =8b =5,(a ?b )=1200,求a 与b 的夹角θ及向量a 在b 方向上的投影。
73
8. 已知平面向量a , b 满足a =1b =
(1)若a //b ,求a ?b ;
(2)若a -b 与a 垂直,求θ. b 的夹角θ.
29. 已知a =2b ≠0,且关于x 的方程x +a x +a ?b =0有实根,求a 与b 的夹角的取值范围。
74
范文三:平面向量的定义和基本运算
一、基本概念
例1.判断下列各命题是否正确
a,b,则a,b(1)零向量没有方向 (2)若 (3)单位向量都相等 (4) 向量就是有向线段
,,,,,,a,c(5)两相等向量若共起点,则终点也相同 (6)若,,则; a,bb,c
,,,,,,a//c(7)若,,则 (8)若四边形ABCD是平行四边形,则a//bb//c
AB,CD,BC,DA
二、向量加减法运算
11OAaOBbBCCNCD例2、如图所示,OADB,,,,为邻边的平行四边形,又BM,,,,33
abOMONMN试用、表示,,(
B D M N C O A
,,,,,,,,
BC,变式1:如图,在五边形ABCDE中,a ,b , AB,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
CD,CEc ,d ,试用a ,b , c , d表示向量和. EA,DE
D
E C
A B
OAOBOCOD变式2:已知=a,=b, =c,=d, 且四边形ABCD为平行四边形, 则a,b+c,d=
,,,,,,,,1变式3:在四边形ABCD中,若,则此四边形是 ABCD,,2
BCCDAB变式4:在四边形ABCD中,=a+2b,=,4a,b,=,5a,3b,其中a、b不共线,则四边形ABCD为
integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
例3.化简 (AB,CD),(AC,BD)
三、向量数乘运算及其几何意义
,,,,,,,,
例4、如图,已知任意两个非零向量a 、b ,试作a + b,a + 2b, OA,OB,,,,,
a + 3b,你能判断A、B、C三点之间的位置关系吗,为什么, OC,
b
a
,,,,,,,,,,,,
OA,OB,OC,变式1:已知a + 2b,2a + 4b,3a + 6b
(其中a 、b是两个任意非零向量) ,证明:A、B、C三点共线(
,,,,,,,,,,,,
OA,变式2:已知点A、B、C在同一直线上,并且a + b,a + 2b,a OBm,,(2)OCn,,(1)+ 3b (其中a 、b是两个任意非零向量) ,试求m、n之间的关系(
integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
例5.已知A、B、C、P为平面内四点,求证:A、B、C三点在一条直线上的充要条件是存在
???一对实数m、n,使PC =mPA +nPB ,且m+n=1(
1变式.已知、是两个不共线的向量,若它们起点相同,、、t(+)三向量的ababab2
终点在一直线上,则实数t=_________.
b ,,
tab(),
a
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,ABC,PBC,ABC例6.P在所在的平面上有一点,满足,则与的PAPBPCAB,,,
面积之比是( )
1123( ( ( ( ABCD3234
变式:
,,,,,,,,,,,,
BCBABP,,21.设P是?ABC所在平面内的一点,,则( )
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
PAPB,,0PCPA,,0PBPC,,0PAPBPC,,,0A. B. C. D.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,ABC2.在中,M是BC的中点,AM=1,点P在AM上且满足学,则科网PAPM,2PAPBPC,,()等于
4444,,(A) (B) (C) (D) 9339
四、用向量法解决几何问题
例6.已知ABCD的两条对角线AC与BD交于E,O是任意一点,
OAOBOCODOE求证:+++=4
integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
变式.向量方法证明:对角线互相平分的四边形是平行四边形。已知四边形ABCD,AC与BD交于O,AO=OC,DO=OB,求证:ABCD是平行四边形。
,,,,,,,,变式.已知四边形ABCD,点E、F、G、H分别是AB、BC、CD、DA的中点,求证: EFHG,
变式.已知任意四边形ABCD的边AD和BC的中点分别为E、F,
,,,,,,,,,,,,求证:ABDCEF,,2. D
C
E F
A B
五、平面向量的基本定理及坐标表示
,,,,11OC,OA,OD,OBOAOBabab例7.在?OAB中,,AD与BC交于点M,设=,=,用,42
OM表示.
A
C M
O B D
练习:
1(若已知、是平面上的一组基底,则下列各组向量中不能作为基底的一组是 ( ) ee12
integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
A(与— B(3与2 C(,与— D(与2 eeeeeeeeee1212121211
A 2(在?ABC中,已知 AM:AB =1:3, AN:AC =1:4,BN与CM交于点P,且 ,,,,,,,,,,N ,,,,,,M ,试 用表示. APABab,,, ACab, P C B
例8. 已知A(—2,4)、B(3,—1)、C(—3,—4)且,,求点M、NCM,3CACN,2CB的坐标及向量的坐标. MN
练习:
1.若A(0, 1), B(1, 2), C(3, 4) 则,2= BCAB
1MP,2.若M(3, -2) N(-5, -1) 且 , 求P点的坐标; MN2
1b,b,,,(,1sin)例9.已知向量,,若?,则锐角等于( ) aa,,(1sin,1),2
30:45:60:75:A( B( C( D(
练习:
,,ab1(若向量=(-1,x)与=(-x, 2)共线且方向相同,求x
kkabab2(已知,当实数取何值时,,2与2—4平行, a,(1,2),b,(,3,2)
,k//,3已知向量a、b不共线,c(k,abR),dab,如果cd,那么 ,,
( )
k,1k,1 A(且c与d同向 B(且c与d反向 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
k,,1k,,1 C(且c与d同向 D(且c与d反向
4.已知点O(0,0),A(1,2),B(4,5)及, OP,OA,tAB
求(1)t为何值时,P在x轴上,P在y轴上,P在第二象限。
(2)四边形OABP能否构成为平行四边形,若能,求出相应的t值;若不能,请说明理
由。
integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
范文四:平面向量定义及加法
保山第九中学“315”高效课堂教学模式 数学 学科课堂(新课)导学案设计活页
第 周 第 课时 上课时间: 年 月 日 星期 备课组长签字: 教研组长签字: 包级主任签字: 班级: 小组: 姓名:
课题: 平面向量的实际背景及基本概念 设计人:
学习目标:1.了解向量的实际背景;2. 理解向量的几何表示;3. 了解向量、零向量、单位向量、相等向量、共线向量的概念 学习重点:理解并掌握向量、零向量、单位向量、相等向量、共线向量的概念,会表示向量 学习难点:平行向量、相等向量和共线向量的区别和联系.
一、辅导自学(内容、方法、说明): 6、相等量定义: 预习课本P74—P76回答:
1、数量与向量有何区别,
探究点2: 2、如何表示向量, ,,,,OABCDEF如下图,设是正六边形的中心,分别写出图中与OD, ,,,,,,,,3、有向线段和线段有何区别和联系,分别可以表示向量的什么, OE, OF相等、平行的向量
4、长度为零的向量叫什么向量,长度为1的向量叫什么向量,
5、一组向量,它们的方向相同或相反,这组向量有什么关系,
6、满足什么条件的两个向量是相等向量,单位向量是相等向量 吗,
7、如果把一组平行向量的起点全部移到一点O,这是它们是不是
平行向量,这时各向量的终点之间有什么关系,
二、讨论小结(合作探究):
探究点1:
1数量与向量的区别:
三、随堂训练:
课本P77的练习1-4
2.向量的表示方法:
知识拓展:金榜测评P42的能力提升
3.有向线段:具有方向的线段就叫做有向线段,三个要素:
向量与有向线段的区别:
4、零向量、单位向量概念:
.
5、平行向量定义:
保山第九中学“315”高效课堂教学模式 数学科课堂(复习)导学案设计活页 第 周 第 课时 上课时间: 年 月 日 星期 备课组长签字: 教研组长签字: 包级主任签字: 班级: 小组: 姓名:
课题: 向量加法运算及其几何意义 设计人:
学习目标:1、向量的加法运算,并理解其几何意义;2、向量加法的三角形法则和平行四边形法则作两个向量的和向量,培养数形结合解决问题的
能力;3、掌握向量加法的交换律和结合律,并会用它们进行向量计算。
学习重点:向量加法的三角形法则和平行四边形法则的作图法
学习难点:向量加法时的方向确定。
一、辅导自学(内容、方法、说明):
a 预习课本P74—P76回答
,, 1、向量加法的三角形法则 :已知非零向量,在平面内任取一点A,ab, , ,,,,,,,,,,, 作,则向量__________叫做与的和,记作ABaBCb,,,ab
,, _____________,即=_______=__________这个法则就叫做向量求ab, 和的三角形法则。
,角形法则、平行四边形法则的比较:
2、向量加法的平行四边形法则:以同一点O为起点的两个已知向量,a
,,,,,,,,,, ()为邻边作四边形OACB,则以O为起点对角线OAaOBB,,,b
,, ___________,就是与的和。这个法则就叫做两个向量求和的平行四ab三、随堂训练: 边形法则。 课本P84练习1-4
,,, 3、对于零向量与任一向量,我们规定+=___________=_______. aao 4、我们知道,数的加法满足交换律和结合律,即对任意实数a,b,有知识拓展:化简 ,,,,,,,,,,a+b=b+a MBBAAC,,,____________,,,,,,,,,,,,,(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)那么对于任意向量,向量加法的交换律是:ab,,,____________MNNPPM,,,,,,,,,,,, ______________________结合律____________________________。 ,,,,___________OAOCBOCO二、讨论小结(合作探究): ,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,_______________ABACBAab探究点1:已知非零向量和,分别三角形法则、平行四边形法则做出 ,, ab,
范文五:平面向量数量积的第二定义及其应用
一、数量积的第二定义及推论
1.平面向量数量积的第二定义
我们知道现行普通高中课程标准实验教科书《数学》(必修4)上,对平面向量数量积(内积)是这样定义的:对于非零向量
a,b,θ为向量
a,b
的夹角,则a?b=|a||b|cosθ,规定零向量与任一向量的数量积等于零.另外我们在初中学习多项式乘法时,有如下结论:ab=14[(a+b)2-(a-b)2],通过类比和证明,我们可以自然地发现
a?b与a+b,a-b之间也有如下类似的结果:
a?b=
14[(a+b)2-
(a-b)2]
图1
,我们把这个结论称之为数量积的第二定义.利用这个定义研究其几何意义非常形象直观,如图1,在平行四边形ABCD中,
AB?AD=
14(|AC|-|BD|2).
2.数量积第二定义的推论
利用第二定义的几何意义,容易得出
如下结论:如图2,在△ABC中, 若AM为BC边上的
中线,则
AB?AC
=14
[(2AM)2-BC2]
=AM2-BC24.
二、第二定义与推论的应用
例1 平面向量a,b,e满足
|e
|=1,
a?e=1,
b?e=2,|a-b|
=2,则a?b的最小值为 .
图2
解:由数量积第二定义得:
a?b=14
[(a+b)2-(a-b)2],
又
3=|(a+b)?e|≤|a+b|故
a?b≥54.
例2 若P为棱长为2的正方体表面上的一动点,AB是正方体内切球的任意一条直径,
则PA?PB的取值范围是 .
解:设AB的中点为O,则由第二定义的推论,得:
PA?PB=PO2-14
AB2,
由于
1≤PO2≤3,故 PA?PB∈[0,2].
例3 在△ABC中,点M是BC的中点.若∠A=120°,
AB?AC=-12,则
|AM|的最小值为 .
解:设△ABC的内角
A、B、C所对的边分别为a,b,c由第一和第二定义的推论,得:
AB?AC=
AM2-14BC2=bc?cosA=-
12,故bc=1,AM2=
14(b2+c2+1)-12
≥14,所以|AM|的最小值为
12.
图3
例4 如图3,在半径为1的扇形AOB中,
∠AOB=60°,C为弧上的动点,AB与OC交于点P,则
OP?BP的最小值是 .
解:设OB的中点为M,则由第二定义
的推论,得:
OP?BP=PM2-14
OB2=PM2-14,
由于PM的最小值是点M到AB的垂线段长度,
故PM的最小值为34,所以
OP?BP的最小值为
-116.
三、巩固练习
1.已知AB是圆O的直径,AB长为2,C是圆O上异于A,B的一点,P是圆O所在平面上任意一点,则(PA+PB)?PC的最小值为( )
(A) -14 (B) -13 (C)
-12 (D) -1
2.已知A、B是单位圆上的两点,O为圆心,且∠AOB=120°,MN是圆O的一条直径,点
C在圆内,且满足
OC=λOA+(1-λ)OB (0 CM?CN的取值范围是( )
(A) [-12,1) (B) [-1,1)
(C) [-34,0)
(D) [-1,0)
3.设△ABC,P0是边AB上一定点,满足
P0B=14AB,且对于边
AB上任一点P,恒有
PB?PC≥P0B
?P0C.则( )
(A) ∠ABC=90° (B) ∠BAC=90°
(C) AB=AC(D) AC=BC
4.在△ABC中,AB=3,AC=4,∠BAC=60°,若P是△ABC所在平面内一点,且AP=2,则
PB?PC的最大值为.
参考答案
1.(C) 2.(C) 3.(D) 4.10+237
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