范文一：2016年四级翻译模拟题

题一:

1936

在此之前, 他已经

是一位声名卓著的自然科学家了。 从 1936年到 1949年, 竺可桢当了 十三年大学校长。在连绵不断的战争、学运的夹缝中,在极为恶劣的 环境下,他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离,居然将这 所他接手时只有三个学院、 十六个系的大学办成了拥有七个学院、 二 十七个学系全国最完整的两所大学之一。

参考答案:

In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nation's two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over。

他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离,

分析:

颠沛流离:drifted from place to place,这个词还有另外一层意 思就是 “ 无家可归, 生活痛苦 ” , 为了意思表达的全面, 将 “homeless and

miserable” 以分词形式作伴随状语译出,可以表达这是一种持续的状 态。

题二:

乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。 长期以来, 它 的确是中国唯一的运动,似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身,但却更受 欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球,所需的只是一副拍子 (paddle)、一个 球、一张桌子和一张网而已,这些都易于临时拼凑 (improvise)。人们 可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。 在中国的学校、 工厂甚至某 些公司里,都能找到乒兵球桌。

参考答案:

Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football,basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular. Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised. People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China。

2016/04/20 09:18

题三:

如今, 越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。 造成这一现 象的原因如下:首先,大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学 科学习上, 只有当他们开始找工作的时候, 才意识到自己缺乏必要的 职业培训。其次,大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈,这导致任何一 名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 因此, 强烈建议大学生在课余时 间做一些兼职工作,以积累相关的工作经验。

参考答案:

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and

it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience。

难点精析

1. 抱怨很难找到好工作:翻译为 complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job 。其中 “ 抱怨做某事 ” 用句型 complain about doing sth。表示, having great difficulties in finding a good job表 示 “ 找工作有困难 ” ,用到了句型 have difficulties in doing sth.。

2. 只有当他们开始找工作的时候,才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业 培训:翻译为 it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training 。 ‘ 只有当 才 ’ 用强调句型 it is only when…that… 表示。

3. 导致:翻译为 results in, 同义短语有 lead to 和 bring about ,但 是表示不好的结果时一般用短语 result in。

4. 强烈建议:翻译为 it is highly suggested that... ,其中 highly suggested 也可以用 strongly recommended 替换,都表示 “ 强烈建议做 某事 ” 。

5. 积累相关的工作经验:翻译为 accumulate relevant working experience 。

题四:

中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家,每 个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传 统、 民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。 最 有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系, 这八种被人们称为 “ 八大菜系 ” 。中国的 “ 八大菜系 ” 是以多种多样的烹 饪方法区分的,各有其长处。

汉译英:

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution

under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan , Yue, Min, Su , Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。

题五:

中国城市化 (urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需 (domestic demand) 。一些经济学家指出,在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。 这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高, 也为人们提供 更多的就业机会。 随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙, 住房及城市基础设 施建设 (infrastructure construction) ,包括水源等能源的供应将会成为 城市发展的焦点问题。 商品与服务的自由、 快速流通是城市化社会的 一项基本特征。 逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需 求。

汉译英:

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people, and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban

develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers。

题六:

现代人类约公元前 50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。 这些石器时代 (Stone Age)的人, 居住在洞穴中, 穿着毛皮。 公元前 4000年左右,这些人开始种植水稻,并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前 3000年, 他们开始使用陶器 (pottery)并住在房子里。 到公元前 2000年, 中国人 已进入青铜时代 (Bronze Age) ,并开始用于写字。约公元前 700年, 中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。

汉译英:

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC , Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC , Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons。 题七:

许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作, 在校学生则担心他们的未 来。 多个调查显示, 三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工 作, 而不是为中国令人瞩目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。 政府和 国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的影响。 如今几乎没有大学生愿意放 弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自己创业。

汉译英:

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms, which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college stu?dents today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business。

题八:

目前, 全球变暖是一个热门话题, 但是有关全球变暖的各项 证据似乎还有些不同的声音。 人们现在已经知道, 地球的发展经历了 很多周期 (cycle),尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代,即高 度工业化 (industrialization)产生如此多的污染。 全球变暖主要是由于二 氧化碳气体 (carbon dioxide)的增多。

汉译英:

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but,

there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels。

题九:

茶马古道 (Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边,生活着 20多个少数 民族。 不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化, 比如:大理,丽江古城,香格里拉 (Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉 宫 (Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站 (post house), 古桥和木板路,还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天,虽然这条 古道的踪迹都消失了,但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

汉译英

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites , including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain。

题十:

联合国下属机构世界旅游组织 (World Tourism Organization) 公布的数据显示, 中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。 中国人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨胀至 1020亿美元,同 2011年相比增长了 40%。 联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说, 这一增幅令中 国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国 家。 2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长 6%,约 840亿美元。 汉译英:

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. — the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website。

范文二：2016年四级模拟题二

2016年四级模拟题二

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

Choosing an Occupation

1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Will We Run Out of Water?

Picture a

Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it's all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.

Similar large scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.

Where Water Goes

Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).

Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world's population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater-about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And

people use half of this amount already.

Close to Home

Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground).Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.

Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.

The Source

Where so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.

In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)

But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.

Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates

What's the Solution?

Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.

1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink.

2. The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than harm.

3. The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution.

4. The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution.

5. According to the passage all water pollutants come from household waste.

6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages.

7. Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water related problems.

1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]

5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]

8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world's people will suffer from water shortages.

9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.

10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 47 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the heart of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 52 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 53 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

[A]designed

[B]take

[C]Early

[D]Attracted

[E] though

[F]convenience

[G]services

[H]fame

[I]various

[J] popularity

[K]cosmetics

[L]started

[M]downtown

[N]available

[O]cheapness

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

[A]All international managers can learn culture.

[B]Business diversity is not necessary.

[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.

58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.

[A]is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.

[B]is different from the model of McDonald's

[C]shows the reverse of globalization

[D]has converged cultural differences

59. The two schools of thought.

[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures [B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

[D]Both A and B

60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.

[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture

[C]who want to travel abroad

[D]who want to run business on International Scale

61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.

[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

[B]all have the quality of patience

[C]will follow the overseas local cultures

[D]adopt the policy of internationalization

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

There are people in Italy who can't stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it's a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there's the sport that glorifies

By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.

On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won't do it for you.

Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman's position. Suppose the pitch is a ball.

The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.

62.The passage is mainly concerned with .

[A]the different tastes of people for sports [B]the different characteristics of sports

[C]the attraction of football [D]the attraction of baseball

63.Those who don't like baseball may complain that.

[A]it is only to the taste of the old [B]it involves fewer players than football

[C]it is not exciting enough [D]it is pretentious and looks funny

64.The author admits that.

[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young [B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV [C]football is more attracting than baseball [D]baseball is more interesting than football 65.By stating

[A]The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game

[B]Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result

[C]The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well

[D]The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it

66.We can safely conclude that the author.

[A]likes football [B]hates football [C]hates baseball [D]likes baseball

Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news.

Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today's newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 79 .News papers is sold at a price that 80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world and even outer space.

67.[A] Just when [B] While [C] Soon after [D] Before

68.[A] to give [B] giving [C] given [D] being given

69.[A] gather [B] spread [C] carry [D] bring

70.[A] reason [B] cause [C] problem [D] purpose

71.[A] make [B] publish [C] know [D] write

72.[A] another [B]other [C] one another [D] the other

73.[A] However [B] And [C] Therefore [D] So

74.[A] value [B] ratio [C] rate [D] speed

75.[A]spread [B] passed [C] printed [D] completed

76.[A] inform [B] be informed [C] to informed [D] informed

77.[A] entertain [B] encourage [C] educate [D] edit

78.[A] on [B] through [C] with [D] of

79.[A] forms [B] existence [C] contents [D] purpose

80.[A] tries to cover [B]manages to cover [C] fails to cover [D] succeeds in

81.[A] source [B] origin [C] course [D] finance

82.[A] way [B] means [C] chance [D] success

83.[A] measures [B] measured [C] is measured [D] was measured

84.[A] somewhat [B] little [C] much [D] something

85.[A] offering [B] offered [C] which offered[D] to be offered

86.[A] by [B] with [C] at [D] about

Part Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)

Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means (想找麻 烦 ).

88.Why didn't you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的 ).

89.(正是由于她太没有经验 ) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

90.I (将在做实验 ) from three to five this afternoon.

91.If this can't be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (诉诸武力 ).

答案

Part I Writing

【写作思路】

本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。说明慎重择业相当重要,并提出多种指导择业的方法。 【参考范文】

Choosing an Occupation

One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time they are six years old

Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.

Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed

information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. 【解析】 [Y]该句的意思是巨大的河流改道水利工程使得咸海缩小。从第二段的中间 两句话可得出结论。 Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land.与原文意思相同。

2. 【解析】 [N]该句句意为 :巨坝和灌溉工程的建设好处多于坏处。解题依据为本文第三 段第二句话 But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. (虽然产生更多问题, 许多国家仍继 续建巨坝和灌溉工程。 ) 由此可知,坏处多于好处,所以该题与原文之义不合。

3. 【解析】 [Y]该句句意为 :缺水的主要原因是人口增长和水污染。本题解题依据可定位 到本文第四段第一句话 Growing populations will worsen problems with water… 及第十一段 第一句话 But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. 两者都是水资源缺乏的原因,与 原文之义相符。

4. 【解析】 [Y]该句句意为 :美国人面临的有关水的问题为地下水的减少和污染。本题解 题依据为第七段第二句话和第八段第三句话, 这两句话加在一起即为美国人所面临的水资源 方面的问题,与原文之义相符。

5. 【解析】 [N]该句句意为 :根据这篇文章,所有水的污染都来自于家庭废弃物。本题解 题依据为第十一段最后一句话 …70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste (百分之七十的污染物源于家庭废弃物 ) ,据此,本题之意与原文之义不合。

6. 【解析】 [N]该句句意为 :美国人将不会面临缺水问题。该题解题依据为文章第七段第 二句话 But Americans could face serious water shortages, too, especially in areas that rely on groundwater, 显然本题之意与原文之义不合。

7. 【解析】 [NG]该句句意为 :水利专家 Gleick 提供了与水相关的最佳解决方案。根据本 文第十三段第一句话所述,专家 Gleick 并未提供任何最佳解决方案。

8. 【解析】 one third 解题依据为第四段最后一句话:He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world's projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages. 9. 【解析】 glaciers and ice caps 解题依据为第五段第二句话:Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.

10. 【解析】 water pollution 解题依据为第十段第二句话:Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国城镇人们购物方式的变化。

47. 【解析】 [C]20世纪早期,大多数美国城市和城镇都有一条主街道。 20世纪早期即 用 early in the 1900s。

48. 【解析】 [I]这条街道排成一列,街道两边都是各式各样的商店。 Various 意为

49. 【解析】 [G]另外,一些商店还提供服务。提供服务可用固定的搭配 offer services。 50. 【解析】 [B]所填词 take 才能与后面的词 place 搭配, take place 为固定词组,意为

52. 【解析】 [L]Shopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 购物中心或者购物商场开始在拥挤的城市中心之外建小型 的新商场。开始即用 start 。

53. 【解析】 [D]顾客们被许多免费的停车场所吸引, attracted 是被吸引之意。

54. 【解析】 [M]customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顾客们 被从市区吸引到郊区的购物商场。市区即用 downtown 一词。

55. 【解析】 [J]购物中心越来越流行, popularity 即普及、流行之意。

56. 【解析】 [F]购物中心除了提供停车的便利之外,还提供其他服务。提供便利即用 provide convenience。

Section B

Passage One

【短文大意】 本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响, 文中列举了商界中存在的对于 文化多样性的两种观点。

57. 【解析】 [C]推断题。意为

58. 【解析】 [A]细节题。 意为

59. 【解析】 [C]推断题。意为

60. 【解析】 [D]主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道,作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化 形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以 D 是正确答案。

61. 【解析】 [B]细节题。意为

Passage Two

【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。

62. 【解析】 [D]主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见 --认为它毫无活力、 从容和缓,不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的 根本特征及欣赏角度,文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力:

63. 【解析】 [C]细节题。文章第一段指出:许多人不喜欢垒球,一提起垒球这些人就打 哈欠甚至皱眉头。 对他们来说, 看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装 (outfit)的人呆立在 球场上,东瞧瞧西望望,很少有什么 (激动人心的 ) 事发生 --没意思透了。他们认为这样的运 动更适合上个世纪的人的口味,不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 A 意为:

静静、慢慢腾腾。 C 、 D 不对,作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征,并未说哪种运动 优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。

65. 【解析】 [B]推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景:拿三垒的运动员假 设对方全投出好球, 做好了一切准备, 但是对方投出的并不是好球。 所以在那时候他的准备 做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛,意思就是 B 项所写的。 A 、 C 、 D 都 不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。

66. 【解析】 [D]推断题。在本文中,作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏,作者着重指出 的是:只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它,才能体会到它的魅力。 在他看来,观察到垒球比赛中 运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键 (第三段第二句 ) 。只有从整体来把 握它,才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于

Part Ⅴ Cloze

67. 【解析】 [A]just在此为副词,意为

68. 【解析】 [A]to give和 giving 都合乎语法,但 giving 强调的是正在发生的动作,而此 处重点表达的是

69. 【解析】 [A]消息,信息要靠收集。

70. 【解析】 [D]后面的不定式短语表示目的

71. 【解析】 [C]提供信息的目的是为了让他人知道,所以选 C 。

72. 【解析】 [B] other意为

73. 【解析】 [A]根据句中的 merely 及其后所述内容,应选 however ,表转折。

74. 【解析】 [D]使用更新,更快的通信工具,目的是提高速度。

75. 【解析】 [C]报纸是印出来的,先印后看 (读 ) 。

76. 【解析】 [D]keep sb. 过去分词是一种复合结构, sb. 与过去分词为被动关系,意为保 持这种关系的继续。此句的意思是:报纸不断地为读者提供新闻信息。

77. 【解析】 [C]关于 politics 之类的严肃话题 , 只能选 educate 。

78. 【解析】 [B]此句意为:报纸通过广告影响读者在经济生活中的选择。

79. 【解析】 [B]大多数报纸依靠广告收入来维持生存,此现象人人皆知。

80. 【解析】 [C]报纸的售价之低,不足以抵付成本的一小部分。符合上下文关于广告收 入的说法。

81. 【解析】 [A]收入来源应该用 source 。因为 source 指河流,泉水的发源地 ; 常指抽象事 物的根源或来源以及资料,信息的出处或来源。 origin 起源,起因。指事物后来发生 , 发展变 化的最初起点 , 或指人的出身和血统。

82. 【解析】 [D]succeed in 为固定短语。此句意为:广告业务的成功,取决于报纸在客 户 (要打广告的人 ) 心中的价值。

83. 【解析】 [C]根据上下文,此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态,此句意为:报纸在客 户心中的价值,是靠发行量衡量的。

84. 【解析】 [C]该句意为:发行量的大小,很大程度上取决于发行部门的工作及报纸所 提供的服务功能和娱乐功能。

85. 【解析】 [B]offered作 services 和 entertainment 的定语。

86. 【解析】 [D]information后面接介词 about ,表示

Part Ⅵ Translation

87. 【解析】 to make trouble

【答案解析】找麻烦用固定词组 make trouble即可, make trouble 即制造麻烦,捣乱之 意。

88. 【解析】 needn't have borrowed it from the bank.

【答案解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法, needn't have done的结构是本不必这样做而做 了的意思。

89. 【解析】 It is because she is too inexperienced

【答案解析】没有经验可以用一个形容词来翻译,即 inexperienced 。

90. 【解析】 will be doing/conducting the experiment

【答案解析】本题考查将来时态的用法,做实验即可用 do experiment 也可用 conduct experiment 。

91. 【解析】 resort to force

【答案解析】本题亦考查固定词组用法,诉诸武力有固定词组 resort to force。

11

范文三：2016年四级模拟题一

2016年英语四级模拟题一

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by so

me questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked

A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.

The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body —no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”theythought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radiosignals.And they have told the story,of course.

The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.

Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light —if they give much light —is too small for us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.

21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.

A.were regular B.were controlled by a clock

C.were heard in 1967 only D.were secret messages

22. The radio singals were sent by____.

A.a satellite B.a planet

C.a sky body which was unknown at that time

D.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time

23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.

A.thesingals stood for secret messages

B.people would ask them too many questions

C.they did not want to frighten people

D.they stood for unimportant messages

24. A pulsar is____.

A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

B. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

C. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

D. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

25. Which of the following is true?

A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.

B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.

C.Scientistshave searched for pulsars for many years but found none.

D.Scientistshave found many pulsars since 1967.

rn life and ancient life.

27. “one out of seven” refers to____.

A.more than a third of the lands' earth

B.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like

C.the number of people who live in dry regions

D.a day of a week

28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.

A.the Sahel farm land B.the farmers

C.thecattlesD.the trees

29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?

A.Five. B.Two.

C.Four. D.Three.

30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.

B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.

C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.

D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now. There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

31. News spreads fast because of____.

A.modern transportation B.new technology

C.the change of the world D.a peace agreement

32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.

A.fast communication B.modern technology

C.latest news D.new ideas

33. Which of the following statements is true?

A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.

B.The world is actually smaller today.

C.The world is changing its size.

D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812

34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.

A.by telephone and telegraph B.by land

C.by air D.by sea

35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.

A.by both sides B.in time

C.in America D.in England

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.

We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of heal threlatedbehaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.

There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.

A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D.wrong decisions could head to poor health

37. To “live a completely sedentary life style”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”

A.to live an inactive life B.to live a decent life

C.to live a life with complete freedom

D.to live a life of vice

38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.

A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B.thereare many factors influencing our decisions

C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity

D.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends

39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.

A.improving the quality of one's life

B.limiting one's personal health choice

C.deliberately ending one's life

D.breaking the rules of social behavior

40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.

A.personal decisions B.laws of society

C.statistical evidence D.opinions of friends

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

41. ____he thought of it,the stars seemed always large and clear before the dawn of Christmas Day.

A.As for B.Now that

C.Because D.As soon as

42. A thought____him like a silver dagger.

A.beatB.hit

C.struckD.pondered

43. I'll____this afternoon.

A.get the radio fixed B.get the radio to be fixed

C.get the radio being fixed D.get the radio fixing

44. Who is____personnel at present?

A.in the charge of B.under charge of

C.under the charge of D.in charge of

45. Tell him to turn down the TV.It's____my nerves.

A.get over B.get in

C.get crazy with D.get on

46. The family decided to raise two cows and five sheep____thechickens,ducks and rabbits.

A.exceptB.besides

C.besideD.except for

47. I woke up,____that he had gone.

A.only finding B.only having found

C.only to find D.only to have found

48. The project____by the time you come to China again.

A.will be completed B.will have been completed

C.is to be completed D.is going to be completed 49. In the course of the work,we____lots of difficulties. A.met with B.saw C.got into D.came across 50. ____his accent,he must be from the south. A.Judged by B.Being judged from C.Judging from D.Being judged by 51. The boy____his father. A.was accused of having killed B.was accused to have killed C.was accused of killing D.was accused to kill 52. Missing the train means____for an hour. A.waiting B.to wait C.to be waiting D.have to wait 53. Something extraordinary happened in that hospital.Aman,who was declared clinicallydead,suddenly____. A.returned to life B.restored to life C.came to life D.survived 54. They are glad to see the children____in the day care center. A.well taken care B.being well taken care of C.well looked after D.being well looked after 55. She is a woman of rare gifts.Her performance last night was indeed very____. A.impressedB.impressive C.impressingD.impression 56. The road being built was scheduled to____traffic on May Day. A.be close to B.be closed to C.be open to D.be opened to 57. It was more than fifteen years ago____I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz. A.whenB.that C.in which D.since 58. ____than it began raining. A.Hardly had he reached home B.Hardly did he reach home C.No sooner did he reach home D.No sooner had he reached home 59. The man's life____if he had been sent to a better hospital. A.might have been saved B.may have been saved C.was to be saved D.shouldbe saved 60. Everybody looked____the direction of the explosion. A.to B.from C.in D.into 61. This is a____youngwriter.He has published quite a few good stories in recent years. A.promisedB.looking forward C.promisingD.clever 62. The doctor insists that the patient____. A.must be operated B.should be operated

C.be operated on D.needs operating on

63. It sounds as if the telephone____.

A.were ringing B.was ringing.

C.has being ringing D.is ringing

64. The family looked on helplessly as their house____.

A.burning down B.was burned down

C.was burning down D.burned down

65. What is the____language in India?

A.officeB.official

C.officiallyD.officer

66. He____twentytimes,striking a match each time to look at his old watch.

A.had waked B.was awake

C.must have waked D.was waken

67. There he bought____chocolate for his daughter,and then he had____bee

rs in the bar not far from the school.

A.a bar of...a couple of B.apiece of...a bottle of

C.a dozen of...a couple of D.a cubic of...a tin of

68. With his big fleshy nose he____his grandpa.

A.looks like B.takes after

C.looks after D.resembles

69. The ____majority were in support of this bill so it was passed without much difficulty.

A.overflowingB.overtaking

C.overloadingD.overwhelming

70. The actress____the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer.

A.isolatedB.signed

C.implementedD.violated

Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)

Directions:

In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese,each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in Part Three of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.

71.(Passage 1 Para.1)They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.

72. (Passage 2 Para.1)Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.

73. (Passage 3 Para.1)Because of modern technology like the satellite that travel around the world,information travels fast.

74. (Passage 4 Para.1)We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.

75. (Passage 4 Para.1)They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.

Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write your

composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.

1.The need for friends

2.True friendship

3.My principle in making friends

答案

1

短文大意

1967年人类收到了一些太空信号。这些信号来自太空中的某一恒星领域，它们极有规律，难道这是外星人向地球或我们发收的信号? 为了不致在人们当中造成恐慌，科学家们一直保守着这个秘密，并且一直对它们进行研究。如今，当然一切都真相大白。原来这些信号都来自一种叫脉冲星的恒星，它们的密度极大连光线也难以逃逸。但有一点可以确定，上面没有智能生命存在。

21. 答案A 。

【参考译文】文中讨论到的电磁信号……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段，“They were coming very regularly,too.”他们同样非常有规律，与 A) 项同意。B)were controlled by a clock.由时钟控制，原文前面有一表示“似乎的”连词 if 。

C) ，D) 根据下文判断都不正确。

22. 答案C 。

【参考译文】这些电磁信号来自于……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推断”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第三段“...they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””他们来自一种叫脉冲星的新型恒星。 A) a satellite卫星，B)a planet行星，D) 当时未知的智能生命。

23. 答案C 。

【参考译文】科学家们没有把有关电磁信号的事情告诉人们是因为……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段开头“ The scientists who heard the singals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.”听到该信号的科学家未告诉别人，他们害怕这样会惊吓了老百姓。因此选择 C 。

24. 答案A 。

【参考译文】脉冲星是……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第四段，实际由“star”这个单词就可排除B) ，C) 和D) 选项。

25. 答案D 。

【参考译文】以下说法，哪一个是正确的?

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推理”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第三段最后一句“About a hundred other pulsars have now been found...”因此D) 项正确，其他各项均与原文意思不符。

2

短文大意

本文主要讨论的是沙漠扩张的问题。人们赖以生存的降雨及植被在不断减少，地球上 40%的土地已成了沙漠或已沙漠化， 1/7的人口生活在干旱地区，以及现代生活造成的一些问题使人类生存日益受到沙漠扩张的威胁。虽然科学家还未能彻底了解沙漠问题，但是一些保护土地的措施已被采用，人们在与沙漠抗争。

26. 答案A 。

【参考译文】本文主要谈论的是什么?

【试题分析】此题考查考生“把握文章主旨及大意”的能力。

【详细解答】全文主要阐述了沙漠扩散带来的水源缺乏的问题，以及人们采取的措施。

A) 符合该中心思想;B) ，C) 和D) 虽在文中提到过但作为主要思想，过于片面。

27. 答案C 。

【参考译文】 1/7指的是……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段第三句“ About 628 million people -one out of seven-live in these dry regions.”大约628，000，000(约为1/7)的人住在这些干旱地区。C) 项符合所指代的内容，为正确答案。

28. 答案C 。

【参考译文】在第二段中，“他们被送往南方的绿草地”，他们指的是……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文最后一句“ Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land,but before the cattle are sold,they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat”一些Sahel 农民在他们贫瘠的农场上仍然饲养着牛群，但在把他们卖出之前，往往要送到南方多草的土地上以增肥。 they 指代前面的the cattle。因此C 为正确选项。

29. 答案D 。

【参考译文】文中描述了几种保护土地的创意?

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推断”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段“...but there have been many ideas for saving the land.”但已有了许多保护土地的创意。以下各句即为例证，确定其数目为 3，因此D 为正确选项。

30. 答案A 。

【参考译文】根据短文，以下说法，哪个是正确的?

【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段最后一句“Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.”现在由于现代生活产生的一些问题，他们生存日益受到地球沙漠逐步缓慢扩散的威胁。因此A 为正确选择。

B) 中正确数目应为one out of seven,C)应是modern problems，D) 文中未提及。

3

短文大意

本文主要讨论了现代通信的发展给世界带来的巨大变化。如今电话，电视，收音机和电报使人们可以相互交流，由于这些手段的运用，新闻事件传递得更快。通信的加快是如何改变了这个世界的呢 ? 对很多人来说世界变小了，当然这并非指世界真的变小了，而是指通信的加快使得人们之间的交流更方便，人们之间的距离似乎变小了。

31. 答案B 。

【参考译文】新闻传递得更快了是因为……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据材料进行推理”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段最后一句，“Because of modern technology like the satellite that travel around the world,information travels fast.”因此B) 为正确选项。

32. 答案A 。

【参考译文】根据短文，……对灾区的人民至关重要。

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推断”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段“News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours,help is on the way”因此A 快速通信为正确答案。C) 最近，最新新闻并不全面。B) 现代技术，D) 新观念。

33. 答案A 。

【参考译文】以下说法，哪个是正确的?

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段“ ...To many people,the world has become smaller...”对许多人来说，地球变得更小了。这当然不是地球本身变小了，而是因为通信交流加快。因此A) 为正确的阐述。

34. 答案D 。

【参考译文】 200年前，各大洲之间的消息是通过……传递的。

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段“ ...Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time.All news was carried on ships that...”二百年前，大陆之间的信息传递耗时很长。所有的消息都是通过海上传递的…。D)by sea符合该意，因此为正确答案。

35. 答案C 。

【参考译文】新奥尔良战争是可以避免的，假如和平协议……签署的话。

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据材料进行推理”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段“Peace was made in England,but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America...”和平协议在英格兰签署，但该消息直到六个星期以后才传到美国。因此可以排除选项A) 、B) 和D)

4

短文大意

健康的行为选择十分重要。据估计 90%的疾病是可以预防的，假如人们选择健康的行为方式的话。我们的社会给了我们极大的自决的权利，而影响健康行为选择的因素也是多方面的。虽然我们有选择自己行为方式的权利，但那种明知会减少寿命而为之的做法无异于自杀。

36. 答案D 。

【参考译文】个人健康行为选择很重要是因为……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推理”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文前两句，“The concept of personal choice in relation to health behavior is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if...”正确选择健康为的观念非常重要。据估计，90%的疾病是可以避免的，假如……。因此 D) 为正确选项。

37. 答案A 。

【参考译文】文章中提到的“过一种完全是案牍的生活”指的是……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据上下文推测词义”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第一段“ ...and live a completely sedentary life -style without any exercise.”采取一种整天坐着而无运动的生活方式。A)to live an inactive life.符合该意，为正确答案。

38. 答案B 。

【参考译文】健康的行为选择难以做出是因为……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段开头，“ A multitude of factors influence the development of health-related behavior, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss...”该句说明影响人们

选择健康行为方式的因素诸多。因此B 为正确选项。

39. 答案C 。

【参考译文】有意地选择不健康行为习惯被Fries 和Crapo 比作……

【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文第二段“ ...knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.”明知某一行为有统计的缩短寿命的可能而这么做无异于自杀。 C) 项deliberately ending one's life即为自杀，为正确选项。

40. 答案C 。

【参考译文】根据Fries 和Crapo 的观点，健康的行为选择应以……为依据。

【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推理”的能力。

【详细解答】见原文最后一句“...personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.”人们应选择那些根据统计可增强活力增加寿命的行为方式。因此C)statistical evidence统计数据为正确答案。 Part Ⅲ

41. 答案B 。

【参考译文】他这么一想，满天的星辰在圣诞节的黎明前也显得格外清晰明朗。

【试题分析】该题既是语法题又是词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 as for关于，至于;now that既然;because 因为;as soon as一……就……。因此答案为B 。

42. 答案C 。

【参考译文】一个想法突然闪现在他脑中。

【试题分析】该题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 strike 给予……感觉，在心灵产生某种效果; 其他三个动词很少与thought 搭配。因此答案为C 。

43. 答案A 。

【参考译文】我今天下午去修一下收音机。

【试题分析】此题考查动词get 的用法。

【详细解答】动词get 后往往加动词的分词形式作宾语补足语。含有“让人做……事”的含义; 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表被动。因此答案为A 。

44. 答案D 。

【参考译文】现在谁负责人事管理。

【试题分析】此题为同根词组辨析题。

【详细解答】 in the charge of由……负责，在……管理下;under the charge of在……管理下 ;in charge of主管，负责。因此答案为D 。

45. 答案D 。

【参考译文】让他把电视声音关小点，我都快疯了。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 get over克服……忘却;get in进入;get crazy往往和介词about 搭配;get on one's nerves让……发疯。因此答案为D 。

46. 答案B 。

【参考译文】除了鸡、鸭、兔，这家人决定再养两头母牛和五只绵羊。

【试题分析】此题考查介词的用法。

【详细解答】 except 除……以外;besides 除了……还;beside 在……旁边;except for除……

之外。因此答案为B 。

47. 答案C 。

【参考译文】我醒来，结果发现他已走了。

【试题分析】此题为语法题。

【详细解答】 only to find不定式短语往往可作结果状语。因此答案为C 。

48. 答案B 。

【参考译文】等你下次再来中国，这个项目将已经完工。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查时态的运用。

【详细解答】在由by 引导的将来时间状语的句子中，主句通常使用将来完成时形式：will(shall)+have+pp。因此答案为B 。

49. 答案D 。

【参考译文】在工作途中，我们遇到了许多困难。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 meet with遇见;see 看见;get into碰到;come across偶然遇见。因此答案为D 。

50. 答案C 。

【参考译文】从他的口音判定，他肯定是南方人。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查插入语的使用。

【详细解答】 judging from依据……来判断，分词短语作插入语，为固定用法。因此答案为C 。

51. 答案A 。

【参考译文】这个孩子被控告杀害了他的父亲。

【试题分析】此题考查动词的用法及时态。

【详细解答】 be accused of doing被指控犯……罪行，为动词固定用法，而完成时可表示动作已发生，因而动名词采用完成时形式。因此答案为A 。

52. 答案A 。

【参考译文】错过这班火车意味着再等一个小时。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查句子结构。

【详细解答】考虑到句子的对称性，因主语是动名词短语，宾语也应使用动名词短语。因此答案为A 。

53. 答案C 。

【参考译文】那家医院发生了一件离奇的事。

【试题分析】此题考查固定短语的用法。

【详细解答】 come to (one's) life复活，醒过来，为固定短语，因此答案为C 。

54. 答案C 。

【参考译文】他们很高兴看到孩子们在托管中心受到良好的照看。

【试题分析】此题为语法题。

【详细解答】动词短语look after和take care of均有照顾，照看的意思; 此处用过去分词短语作宾语补足语，含有被动的意思。因此答案为C 。

55. 答案B 。

【参考译文】她是一位具有杰出天赋的女子，她昨晚的表演的确使人印象深刻。

【试题分析】此题为同根词辨析题。

【详细解答】 impressed 被感动的;impressive 给人深刻印象的;impressing 极少作为形容词使用;impression 印象，名词。因此答案为B 。

56. 答案D 。

【参考译文】正在修建的公路定于劳动节那天开通。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 be close to对……关闭，强调状态;be closed to对……关闭(封闭) ，强调动作;be open to对……开放，强调状态;be opened to对……开放，强调动作。因此答案为D 。

57. 答案B 。

【参考译文】十五年前，我加入了Agassiz 教授的实验室。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查强调句的用法。

【详细解答】 It is (was)...that...为强调句的固定结构，因此答案为B 。

58. 答案D 。

【参考译文】他刚一到家天就开始下雨了。

【试题分析】此题考查连词的用法。

【详细解答】 Hardly...when,No sooner...than刚……就……为固定的连词搭配; 且前一个分句需倒装。因此答案为D 。

59. 答案A 。

【参考译文】假如被送往一家更好的医院的话，他的生命或许可以得以挽救。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。

【详细解答】与过去的事实相反，从句使用过去完成时，主句使用would (could,might)+have+pp的形式。因此答案为A 。

60. 答案C 。

【参考译文】所有的人都朝爆炸的方向看去。

【试题分析】此题考查介词的固定搭配。

【详细解答】朝某一方向通常为介词in,in the direction of。因此答案为C 。

61. 答案C 。

【参考译文】这是一位有前途的年青作家，最近几年他发表了不少小说作品。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 promised 承诺了的;looking forward 朝前看的;promising 有前途的;clever 聪明的。因此答案为 C 。

62. 答案C 。

【参考译文】医生坚持马上给病人做手术。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。

【详细解答】动词insist 后的宾语从句往往采用虚拟语气，即用should+do或直接使用动词原形的形式; 另外做手术为固定短语operate on sb.。因此答案为C 。

63. 答案D 。

【参考译文】好像电话铃在响。

【试题分析】此题为语法题。

【详细解答】此处as if引导的是一个一般表语从句，并非虚拟语气。因此答案为D 。

64. 答案D 。

【参考译文】这家人无助地看着自己的房子被烧毁。

【试题分析】此题为语法题，考查时态和语态。

【详细解答】此句要考虑主从句时态一致; 另外burn down主动形式本身含有被动含义。因此答案为D 。

65. 答案B 。

【参考译文】印度的官方语言是什么?

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】office 办公室;official 官方的;officially 官方地，正式地;officer 长官。因此答案为B 。

66. 答案C 。

【参考译文】他一晚上肯定醒了二十次，每次都擦亮火柴看看自己那块旧表。

【试题分析】此题为语法题。

【详细解答】must+have+pp形式表示一种肯定的猜测。因此答案为C 。

67. 答案A 。

【参考译文】在那儿他给女儿买了一条巧克力，然后又在离学校不远的一家酒吧买了几瓶啤酒。

【试题分析】此题为考查固定搭配。

【详细解答】 chocolate 为不可数名词通常可用a piece of chocolate 或a bar of chocolate,beer 在此句中为可数名词，可以用a couple of beers。因此答案为A 。

68. 答案B 。

【参考译文】他长得像他的祖父，同样有个大肉鼻子。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 look like 似乎，看起来像是;take after 长得像;look after 照顾;resemble 相似。因此答案为B 。

69. 答案D 。

【参考译文】绝大多数人赞成该提案，因此很容易就通过了。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 overflowing 溢出的;overtaking 超过的;overloading 超载的;overwhelming 压倒性的。因此答案为 D 。

70. 答案D 。

【参考译文】这位女演员违反了合同条款，并被制片方起诉。

【试题分析】此题为词义辨析题。

【详细解答】 isolate 孤立;sign 签署;implement 实施;violate 违背，侵犯。因此答案为D 。 Part Ⅳ

71. 【参考译文】他们害怕说出来以免在老百姓中造成恐惧。

【翻译技巧】本句采用“分译法”

【翻译点评】本句较短，翻译时应力求精确。rather 非常，相当;in case以防，以免。

72. 【参考译文】现在主要因为现代生活导致的一些问题，他们的生存受到逐步而缓慢的沙漠扩散的威胁。

【翻译技巧】采用“转译法”和“分译法”。

【翻译点评】本句状语较长，此处介词短语作原因状语，介词短语中又包含分词短语作后置定语; 另外要注意不要漏译了任何细节。

73. 【参考译文】由于类似于绕地球运行的卫星这样的现代技术，信息传递速度更快了。

【翻译技巧】采用“分译法”

【翻译技巧】本句介宾短语作原因状语，其中又包含了定语从句; 注意翻译时要符合汉语习惯。

74. 【参考译文】我们都希望享有自由选择权，而不希望这种权利在社会的司法和道德界限内受到限制。

【翻译技巧】采用“分译法”和“语序调整法”，“转译法”。

【翻译点评】为了使译文符合汉语习惯，可把when 引导的从句译成介宾短语，并且适当调整语序。

75. 【参考译文】他们认为明知某行为根据统计会减短寿命而为之无异于自杀。

【翻译技巧】采用“转译法”和“分译法”。

【翻译点评】此句用词比较正式，注意几个关键词suggest,knowingly,probability 的翻译; 另外译成汉语后要符合汉语习惯。

Part Ⅴ写作指导

Writing Sample

As a human being,one can hardly do without a friend.Society is made up of individuals,and making friends is a very important part in our life.Friends can give you a lot.First,if you have trouble with some problems,you can consult your good friends and exchange opinions.Thus,you will feel comfortable and encouraged.Secondly,if you wish to do some physical exercises,such as playing table tennis,you could play with friends and have a good time.

But what is true friendship?Some people think friends are people whom they can play with.In my opinion,a friend in need is a friend indeed.True friendship can encourage you when you are in difficulties.A true friend not only shares with you

your joy and happiness but also your trouble and anxiety.When you need him,he will give you a hand and spare no efforts.

As far as I'm concerned,I wish to make as many friends as possible.The world is a big family,and we will feel relaxed in a friendly atmosphere.I wish some day we can all be friends.

范文四：四级模拟题

四级模拟?题?

四级?模拟?题?

四级?模拟?题?Par?t ?I ?Wr?it?in?gt?o ?pr?od?ue? e?ve?rt?hi?ng? f?ro?m ?li?fe? ?sav?in?g ??drug?s ?to? p?er?fe?t ?ba?ll? b?ea??ring?s.? ?

Oth?er? s?ie?nt?is?ts? h?av?e ?de?si?gn?ed? s?pa?e ?ol?on?ie?s,? p?le?te? i?th? ?far?ms?, ?sh??ools?,a?nd? a?rt?if?ii?al? d?a ?an??d ni?gh?t.? H?un?dr?ed?s,? o?r ?ev??en ?tho?us?an?ds?, ?of? p?eo?pl?e ?il?l ?li?ve?, ?or?k,?pl?a?—ev?en?? go ?to?sh?oo?l,? f?ar? ?abo?ve? t?he? E?ar?th?. ?

Ou?r ?on?qu?es?t ?of? s?pa?e,? o?f ?ou?rs?e,? h?as? a?lr?ea?d ?be?gu?n.? W?e ?ha?ve? ?exp??lore?d ?pa?rt? o?f ?th?e ?Mo?on?, ??sent? r?ob?ot? s?pa?es?hi?ps? ?

ont?o ?th?e ?su?rf?-a?e ?of? V?en?us? a?nd? M?ar?s,? a?nd? a?im?ed? s?pa?e ?pr?ob?es? ?pas?t ?th?e ?pl?an?et??s of? J?up?it?er? a?nd? S?at?ur?n.??

Las?t ?Ju?ne?, ?on?e ?ro?bo?t ?sh?ip?, ?Pi?on?ee?r ?10?, ?le?ft? o?ur? s?ol?ar? s?st?em? ?for?ev?er?. ??Anda?st?ro?na?ut?s ?fr?om? b?ot?h ??the ?So?vi?et? U?ni?on? a?nd? t?he?? Uni?te?d ?St?at?es? h?av?e ?li?ve?d ?in? s?pa?es?ta?ti?on?s.? ?

The?? onq?ue?st? o?f ?sp?ae?, ?it?ho?ut?? que?st?io?n,? i?s ?on?e ?of? t?he?? gre?at?es?t ?ad?ve?nt?ur?es? h?um?an? b?ei?ng?s ?ha?ve? e?ve?r ?se?t ?ou?t ?on?. ?Bu?t ?it? ?ma ?be? m??ore ?th?an? a? g?re?at? a?dv?en?tu??re. ?So?me? s?ie?nt?is?ts? ?thi?nk? t?he? o?nq?ue?st? o?f ?sp?ae? m?a ?be? a? n?ee??ssit? f?or? s?ur?vi?va?l ?of? t?he? ?hum?an? s?pe?ie?s.??We a?re? t?ea?ri?ng? u?p ?mo?re? a??nd m?or?e ?of? t?he? E?ar?th? ?to ?ge?t ?ra? m?at?er?ia?ls? f?or? i?nd?us?tr?. ?

An?d ?e ?ar?e ?po?ll?ut?in?g ?th?e ?ai?r ?an?d ?at?er? a?s ?e ?ma?nu?fa?tu?re? p?ro?du?ts? ?tha??t e ?ne?ed? o?r ?an?t.? A?lm?os?t ??ever?th?in?g ?th?at? s?ee?ms? t?o ??make? o?ur? l?iv?es? ?mor?e ?fo?rt?ab?le?, ?an?d ?fr?om? ?

ele?tr?ii??t to? p?es?ti?id?es?, ?us?es? u?p ??or a?lt?er?s ?a ?pi?ee? o?f ?ou?r ??plan?et?’s? ?nat?ur?al? e?nv?ir?on?me?nt?. ?

Wh? G?o ?in?to? S?pa?e?? ?

Yet? o?ur? s?ol?ar? s?st?em? i?s ??full? o?f ?re?so?ur?es?. ?Th?e ?mo??on i?s ?ho?kf?ul?l ?of? ?val?ua?bl?e ?me?ta?ls?. ?So? a?re? t?he? a?st?er?oi?ds?, ?th?e ?sm?al?l,? r?ok?, ?pl?an?et? ?lik?e ?bo?di?es? o?rb??itin?g ?th?e ?su?n ?mo?st? o?f ?th?em? b?et?ee?n ?Ma?rs? a?nd? ?Jup?it?er?. ?Th?es?e ?me?ta?ls?, ?if? e? a?n ?ge?t ?th?em?, ?ou?ld? b?e ?us?ed? ?

ou’?d ?li?ke? t?o.? S?pa?e ?tr?av?el? o??uld ?ma?ke? o?u ?se?as?ik?! ?

Ye?t,? t?he??se r?is?ks? o?n’?t ?ke?ep? p?eo?pl?e ?fr??om g?oi?ng? ?

int?o ?sp?ae?. ?Ev?en?tu?al?l,? a?n ?Ea?rt??h li?ke? e?nv?ir?on?me?nt? i?ll? b?e ?bu?il?t ?in? ?spa?e.? A?nd?? the? i?ll? b?e ?po?pu?la?te?d ?b ?pe?op??le i?th? m?an? d?if?fe?re?nt? ?int?er?es?ts?: ?me?di?in?e,? o?ns?tr?ut?io?n,? f?ar?mi?ng?, ?te?ah?in?g,? m?in?in?g,? a?nd? ?so ?on?. ?

Th?e ?ne?xt? h?un?dr?ed? e?ar??s il?l ?be? ?

fil?le?d ?it?h ?ot?he?r ?or?ld?l ?ad?ve?nt?ur?es?, ?ex?it?in?g ?si?en?ti?fi? ?dis??over?ie?s,? a?nd? d?an?ge??r, a?s ?hu?ma?ns? l?ea?ve? E?ar?th?—?per?ha?ps? ?for?ev?er?. ?

?

?

范文五：四级模拟题

四级模拟题-C

编题目 选项 分正确号 值 答案 1 下列哪些脂类属于“固定脂”或(A)磷脂(B)甘油三脂 2 ACDE

不动脂？ (C)糖脂

(D)类固醇(E)脑苷脂

2 下列哪些是维生素A急性中毒(A)食欲减退(B)烦渴与多尿 2 ACD

的表现？ (C)嗜睡或过度兴奋(D)头痛

(E)心率快而失常

3 下列哪些是维生素B的主要生(A)降低血浆同型半胱氨酸水平(B)参2 ABC 6

理功能？ 与氨基酸代谢(C)参与糖原与脂肪酸

代谢(D)促进神经递质合成

(E)抑制胆碱酯酶的活性

4 畜禽的肝肾与肌肉比较，哪些营(A)蛋白质(B)脂肪 2 BCDE

养素含量差别较大？ (C) 维生素A (D)核黄素(E)硫胺素 5 下列哪些因素影响维生素B的(A)饮茶(B)蛋白质(C)酗酒(D)叶酸过2 ACD 1

吸收 多(E)脂肪

6 下列哪些食物属碱性食品 (A)蔬菜(B)豆类(C)水果(D)肉类(E)蛋2 AC

类

7 碘通过合成甲状腺素发挥哪些(A)促进生物氧化(B)参与血凝过程2 ACDE

生理功能 (C)促进糖和脂肪代谢(D)调节水盐代

谢(E)增强酶活力

8 下列哪些不是维生素B的主要(A)葡萄糖耐量因子的组成成分(B)抑2 ADE 1

生理功能 制胆碱酯酶的活性(C)转酮醇酶的辅

酶(D)参与糖原与脂肪酸代谢(E)促进

神经递质合成

9 下列哪些方法可明显增减食物(A)加入调味品(B)调整搭配原料(C)2 AB

滋味 提高烹调温度(D)延长烹调时间(E)改

变食物形状

10 下列宜冷冻储存食品是 (A)生肉(B)熟肉制品(C)奶油(D)鸡蛋2 AE

(E)鱼类

11 下列哪几项是食物频数法所不(A)食物每日购进量(B)消耗的食物种2 ADE

需要 类(C) 消耗的食物频数(D)每月食物

购进量(E)食物消耗总量

12 良质百叶的特点是 (A)呈深黄色(B)无光泽(C)薄厚度均2 CE

匀(D)粘手(E)无异味

13 良质鲜蛋手握蛋窑洞或相互碰(A)嘎嘎声(B)空空声(C)声音清晰(D)2 CD

击发出的声音特点是 摇动无声(E)哑声

14 哪些人不宜多饮茶 (A)缺铁性贫血患者(B)老年人(C)营2 ACE

养不良者(D)肥胖患者(E)溃疡病患者 15 计算食物实际消耗量时需要下(A)每日购进食物量(B) 每日购进食2 ABCD

列哪些数据？ 物量(C)每日废弃食物量(D)剩余食物E

量(E)食物原结存量

16 在膳食调查方法中询问法包括 (A)称重法(B)记账法(C)24小时膳食2 CDE

回顾法(D)膳食史法(E)食物频率法

17 下列氨基酸中，哪种不是人体的(A)异亮氨酸(B)胱氨酸(C)酪氨酸(D)2 BC

必需氨基酸 苏氨酸(E)蛋氨酸

18 下列哪些是锌的主要生理功能 (A)促进食欲(B)维护正常的造血机能2 ACD

(C)参与免疫功能(D)维护维生素A

的正常代谢和生理功能(E)保护毛发

正常的色素和结构

19 “三高一低”膳食的主要缺点是 (A)容易引起传染病(B)营养常过剩2 BC

(C)导致“富裕性疾病”(D)缺钙(E)

容易发生营养缺乏病

20 烟酸在下列哪种情况稳定 (A)酸(B)碱(C)热(D)光(E)氧 2 ABCD

E 21 下列哪个脏器能大量存储维生(A)肾(B)肝(C)心(D)肺 1 B

素A

22 下列哪个脏器或组织存储维生(A)脂肪组织(B)肝(C)心(D)肺 1 A

素D较多

23 维生素D在下述哪个部位被转(A)肝(B)肾(C)脂肪组织(D)脾 1 A

化为25-二羟基维生素D

24 维生素D可耐受最高摄入量每(A)20微克(B) 30微克(C) 40微克(D) 1 A

日为 50微克

(C) 维1 B 125 下列哪种维生素可抑制胆碱酯(A) 维生素A (B) 维生素B

生素C (D) 烟酸 酶的活性

26 下列哪种维生素是黄酶的辅酶 (A) 维生素A (B) 维生素B (C) 维1 C 1

生素B (D) 维生素C 2

27 下列哪个是烟酸的主要生理功（A）抑制胆碱酯酶的活性（B）构1 B

能？ 成辅酶?及辅酶?（C）促进神经递

质合成（D）转酮醇酶的辅酶 28 维生素B6的需要量不受下列（A）膳食脂肪水平（B）甲状腺的

哪些因素的影响？ 机能（C）口服避孕药（D）膳食蛋1 A

白质水平 29 下列哪种是叶酸的主要生理功（A）构成辅酶?及辅酶?（B）参1 B

能之一？ 与同型半光氨酸与单氨酸之间的互

（C）抑制胆碱酯酶的活性（D）葡

萄糖耐量因子的组成成分

30 化学分析法膳食调查需要下（A）收集同样一份生食物（B）收1 B

列哪些资料和样品？ 集同样一份饭菜（C）食物的来源（D）

食物的品种

31 下列哪种元素不是常量元素？ （A）钙（B）钴（C）氯（D）钾 1 B 32 下列哪种物质有助于钙吸收？ （A）膳食脂肪过多（B）乳糖（C）1 B

碱性磷酸盐（D）四环素

33 下列哪种物质有助于镁吸收？ （A）磷（B）膳食纤维（C）蛋白质1 C

（D）草酸

34 下列哪个是磷的主要生理功能（A）抑制胆碱酯酶的活性（B）参1 C

之一？ 与血凝的过程（C）核酸的重要成分

（D）促进神经递质的合成

35 下列哪种食物中铁的吸收率最（A）卵黄（B）肉类（C）鱼粉（D）1 B

高？ 大豆

36 低温储存主要用于下列哪种食（A）粮谷类（B）食用油脂（C）面1 D

品？ 包（D）鱼类

37 锌在下列哪种组织中分布最（A）肝（B）骨骼（C）肌肉（D）1 C

高？ 血液

38 铜在下列哪种组织中分布最（A）头发（B）脾（C）甲状腺（D）1 A

高？ 胸腺

39 硒在下列哪种组织中分布最（A）肝脏（B）肾（C）心肌（D）1 B

高？ 血液

40 下列哪种矿物质是葡萄糖耐（A）硒（B）铬（C）锌（D）铜 B

量因子的组成成分？ 1 41 胚乳哪些营养素含量最丰（A）碳水化合物（B）脂肪（C）维1 A

富？ 生素（D）矿物质

42 下列哪种食物中含有胡萝卜（A）粳米（B）黄玉米（C）小麦（D）1 B

素？ 籼米

43 称重法膳食调查的最大优（A）快捷（B）方便（C）准确（D）1 C

点？ 易于进行

44 下列哪种豆类食品消化率最（A）熟豆粒（B）熟豆浆（C）豆腐1 C

高？ （D）生豆浆

45 下列哪种蔬菜的核黄素最（A）白菜（B）菠菜（C）韭菜（D）1 D

高？ 金针菜

46 下列哪种水果的维生素C含量（A）橘子（B）葡萄（C）鲜枣（D）1 C

最高？ 苹果 47 下列动物食品中，哪种食物的（A）牛肉（B）鸡肉（C）鸡蛋（D）1 C

蛋白质的营养价值 鸭肉

最高？

48 关于推荐量，下列哪种说法正（A）可以个体每日摄入该营养素的1 A

确？ 目标值（B）可满足该人群50%的需

要（C）可满足某一性别的需要（D）

是指膳食的需要量

49 哪种水产动物的含脂肪最（A）鲫鱼（B）河鳗（C）黄鳝（D） B

高？ 对虾 1

50 乳类蛋白质以哪种蛋白质为（A）乳白蛋白（B）酪蛋白 1 B

主？ （C）乳球蛋白（D）免役球蛋白 51 下列哪种食用油含亚油酸最（A）豆油（B）花生油 1 C

高？ （C）玉米油（D）菜籽油

52 对于厨房各部位产生垃圾，较（A）存放垃圾筒内（B）清扫到角1 D

好的处理方法是： 落里（C）存放在清洗间（D）存放

在带盖的垃圾筒内，并及时清理运走 53 良质豆腐的特点是： （A）有豆腥味（B）质地细嫩（C）1 B

无光泽（D）触之易碎

54 良质粉丝、粉条的特点是： （A）微有光泽（B）无井条（C）色1 B

泽稍暗（D）粗细不均

55 人造奶油的特点是： （A）呈白色（B）滋味的平淡（C）1 C

切面整齐（D）刀切开有水珠

56 老茄子的特点是： （A）重量一般小（B）颜色乌黑（C）1 C

肉籽容易分离（D）籽肉不易分离

57 新鲜猪肝的特点是： （A）灰褐色（B）组织松软（C）棕1 C

红色（D）有肝色素沉着

58 新鲜河蟹的特点是： （A） 腹部中央沟色泽暗 1 B

（B） 腹部中央沟呈灰褐色

（C） 体表色泽微暗

（D） 鳃丝清晰

59 良质奶粉的特点是： （A）色泽均匀一致，呈淡黄色（B）1 A

乳香味平淡（C）色泽呈浅白或灰暗

（D）有松散的结块

60 餐饮服务人员每隔多长时间须（A）半年（B）一年（C）一年半（D）1 B

至少进行一次健康检查？ 二年

61 关于可耐受最高摄入量入量，下（A）达到此水平时对人体可能有益（B）1 C

列种些说法不正确？ 是一个摄入水平的建议量（C）指平均

每日可以摄入的最高量（D）摄入量一

旦达到UL值，就会产生毒害作用 62 下列制做米饭方法中，营养素损（A）捞饭不弃汤（B）捞饭弃汤（C）1 B

失最多的是： 蒸饭（D）煮饭

63 下列各种面食中，维生素B2保（A）煮面条（B）烙饼（C）烧饼（D）1 C

留最多的是： 油炸条

64 下列哪种情况，对蔬菜中维生素（A）烹调的温度（B）水浸泡的时间（C）1 C

B2损失的影响最大？ 烹调前放置的时间（D）烹调时翻动的

次数

65 蜂蜜中哪种糖的含量最多？ （A）果糖（B）葡萄糖（C）蔗糖（D）1 A

麦芽糖 66 下列哪种食物在高温加热时不（A）猪肉（B）黄鱼（C）豆腐（D）1 D

易产生有害蛋白质劣变产物？ 马铃薯

67 做面食时，下列哪些烹调方法不（A）尽量采用蒸、烙方法（B）少用酵1 B

正确？ 母发面（C）充分利用煮面和水饺汤（D）

不加或少加碱

68 蔬菜要开汤下菜的主要目的是： （A）减少蔬菜中矿物质的破坏（B）减1 C

少水溶性维生素流失（C）减少蔬菜中

酶对营养素的分解（D）防止蔬菜感官

性质变差

69 餐饮加工人员每隔多长时间必（A）半年（B）一年（C）一年半（D）1 B

须至少进行一次健康检查？ 二年

70 150克鸡蛋饼用去90克面粉和（A）45克（B）30克（C）15克（D）1 B

45克鸡蛋，食用100克鸡蛋饼含50克

的鸡蛋数量：

71 下列哪个公式是正确的？ （A）RNI=EAR+2SD（B）RNI=1.5?1 AD

EAR（C）RNI=2?EAR（D）RNI=1.2

?EAR

72 制定UL值时，下列哪项可除外 (A)营养素补充剂(B)食物(C)饮水(D)药1 D

物

73 下列的叙述哪项是错的 (A)EAR是个体需要量的最佳估计值1 D

(B)营养素摄入量低于EAR时须提高摄

入水平(C)摄入量在EAR和RNI之间

者，也可能需要改善(D) 摄入量在EAR

和RNI之间者，不会出现问题

74 下列关于“三高一低”膳食的说 (A)高能量、高蛋白、高脂肪、低纤维1 D

法，哪一种是不正确的 (B)优点是膳食质量好(C)缺点是易导

致“富裕性疾病”(D)以日本为代表 75 对食品和食品原辅料进行味觉(A)首先要清理口腔(B)先用舌尖轻轻1 D

检查时，下列哪种做法或描述不的沾少许食品(C)将品尝到的滋味与色

正确？ 泽、气味联系起来综合判定(D)所有熟

食品都可进行味觉检查

76 针对婴儿的膳食指南主要强调(A)鼓励母乳喂养(B)吃好早餐(C)注意1 A

两点，其中一点是 户外活动(D)少吃零食

77 针对青少年的膳食指南主要强(A)多吃谷类，供给充足的能量(B)保证1 A

调三点，其中一点是 吃好早餐(C)重视户外活动(D)每日饮

奶

78 中国居民膳食平衡宝塔建议每(A)25克(B)50 克(C)100克(D)200克 1 A

人每天油脂摄入量为

79 稳定粮食主要是为了防止： (A)脂肪过多(B)VC缺乏(C)铁过多1 A

(D)VA过多

80 碘通过甲状腺素可促进那种维(A)叶酸(B)烟酸(C)维生素C(D)维生素1 B

生素的吸收和利用 E

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