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范文一：英语状语从句的种类
状语从句的种类
1.时间状语从句
2.地点状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.条件状语从句
5.目的状语从句
6.让步状语从句
7.比较状语从句
8.方式状语从句
9.结果状语从句
状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner ? than, hardly ?when, scarcely ? when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如： 句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so ? that, such ? that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ?， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more ? the more ? ; just as ?， so?; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no ? more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 状语从句的简化
?状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行
状语从句的
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。 Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。 f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,
编辑本段一、时间状语从句
概念：
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。）
要点:
时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：
when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
1.when在...的时候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
2.while在...期间
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
3.as在...的同时；一边...一边...
We always sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
4.after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
5.before 在...之前ぃ
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我们一到那就开始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你写信。
7.since 自。。。以来 到现在
表示自过去的一个起始时间点到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(从三年前至今)表示。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。
8 till /until直到。。。
都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。（强调将一般用until）
They walked till /until it was dark.
他们一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
9. by the time 到。。。为止
(所在句子的主句应用完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
我到校时，已经开始上课了。
编辑本段时间状语从句注意事项
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生
长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长一边谈一边笑。
when, while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词) While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
As表示“一边??一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边??一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思
as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
用于发生时间较短时
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂发生。
2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
while 1、用于时间较长时
2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)
lWhen I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )
lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并
要注意时态)
lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.
while, as不能代替
lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)
lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)
lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away. 妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。
注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从
句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 知识扩展
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间) It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before?(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly
, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一??就”。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。
注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever
引导的时间状语从句。例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as
引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久??就多久”，通常译为“只要”。例如： You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要
在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
编辑本段二、地点状语从句
概念：
地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型， 要点:
由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导.
例如：
句型1：
Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型2：
Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
知识扩展
1.Where there is a will , there is a way.
有志者事竟成。(谚语)
1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.
他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)
2.Wherever you go , I go too.
无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。
3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
无风不起浪。(谚语)
4. While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.
疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语.
编辑本段三、条件状语从句
要点： 条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我就去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般将来时， 一般现在时
lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般将来时, 一般现在时
编辑本段四、原因状语从句
要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
.难点——because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
3) as和for的区别：
通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例：
As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句）
I stay at home, for the weather is cold.
编辑本段五、目的状语从句
要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so?that , in order that 引导。
1.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。
2.in order that=so that:为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. 不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)
3.despite= in spite of
编辑本段六、结果状语从句
要点：结果状语从句由连词( so )that, so?that, such?that, so much/many?that引导。
1.so?that 如此?以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
2. such?that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
3.比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so?that与such?that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
难点
+形容词或副词
+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that
+much或 little+不可数名词
so that ,such?that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句， 当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他
(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)
5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步.
编辑本段七、让步状语从句
要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.
难点：
lthough, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. Although,(though)?but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以though (although)?yet(still)的格式是正确的. Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Wrong: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.
1。He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康. 考点
2。Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.
尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。
3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。
典型例题
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2) as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems?
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether?or- 不管??都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。 编辑本段八、比较状语从句
要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级
1. as?as 和。。。一样
Jack is as tall as Bob.
捷克和汤姆一样高。
2. not so(as)?as ?和不一样
She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
她不如她姐姐外向。
比较级
more?than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one.
这本书比那本书由教育意义。
最高级
1.The most?in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.
这本书是三本中最有趣的。
2. the + 形容词+est?of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
知识扩展
no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)
1。I have no more than two pens.
我只有两支笔。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不过一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)
1。Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如约翰勤奋。
2。one of the + 名词(复数)?.之一(用于最高级)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。
编辑本段九、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as?so?, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as?so?引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as?so?结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是
1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作
1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
编辑本段十、状语从句在写作中的运用
写作中能合理、正确地使用状语从句，不但能地道的表达英文习惯，而且还能使文体结构更加严谨、美观。例如下文：
My hobby
The hobby I enjoy most is fishing.
I started fishing (1)when I was five years old. I’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. On that day, I was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)I was so shocked that I fell into the water. But experience didn’t put me off and I have been fishing ever since.
Now I still go fishing with my father. And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.
(1)是由when引导的时间状语从句，这类从句的使用频率很高。
(2)句是由I’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.两句组成。When在从句中做时间状语。
(3)句也是由when 引导的时间状语从句。When 常与suddenly 连用，主句常用过去进
行是。译为 “正在??, 忽然??”.
(4)是以 so?that? (太?..以直于??)引导的结果状语从句.
（5）the...the...
e.g.
The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes. The harder you work,the greater progress you will make. The more pictures I take,the more skilled I become.
范文二：状语从句的种类
状语从句的种类
1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.条件状语从句 5.目的状
语从句 6.让步状语从句 7.比较状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9.结果状语从句
状语从句的时态特点：
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，
用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。
例如： 1）I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。（这是由as
soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，
决不可用will arrive）
2）As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的
谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）
3）If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用
comes back,表示一般将来时，绝不可用will come back）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和
从句等担当。
例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时
必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、
原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构
和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分
别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately ,
directly, no sooner ? than, hardly ?when, scarcely ? when
例如：
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
例如：
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型， 例如： 句型1：Where+地点从句，（there）+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民就得解放。
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句，+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. 例如：
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 例如：
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so ? that, such ? that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, 例如： He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
例如：
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ?，
in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever 例如：
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。 The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more ? the more ? just as ?， so?; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no ? more than; not A so much as B
例如：
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
范文三：状语从句种类
状语从句种类 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 常用连接词 特殊连接词
when, while,
as, 1.一些时间名词：the
before, after, since, moment, the minute, till, until, as soon as, the day, every time, by
the
time, next time
whenever
2.一些副词(作连词用)：instantly,
immediately, directly 3.固定搭配的连词：no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when
because, as, for, seeing
that, since
considering
that,
now that, given that, in that, in as much as, in so much as, for fear that, in case
so that, in order that, in the hope that, on that
purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that
So…that, so that, to the degree that, to such…that, that
the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that, till, until
条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句 if, unless suppose, supposing, providing, provided, on condition that(后为人作主语), so long as, as long as，when
although, though, whatever, whoever,
even though, even if whichever, however,
whenever, wherever, whether…or…, while, when
as, than the more…, the
more,
as, like, the way as if, as though，how, as follows
范文四：状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为:
1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree)
9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner)
10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)
?2状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back)
二 时间状语从句
?3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如:
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive
force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切～
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。
【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边??一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边??一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了,
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,
等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一??就”。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence
work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.
每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久??就多久”。例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
三 地点状语从句
?4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如:
句型1:Where，地点从句，(there)，主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里??哪里就??”;主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever，地点从句，，主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
范文五：一状语从句的种类
一 状语从句的?种类 ? 1状语从句?的种类
用来修饰谓?语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个?句子的从句?叫做状语从?句。状语从句可?分为:
1.时间状语从?句 2.地点状语从?句; 3.原因状语从?句;4.条件状语从?句;
5.目的状语从?句; 6.让步状语从?句; 7.比较状语从?句;8.程度状语从?句;
9.方式状语从?句; 10.结果状语从?句。
?2状语从句?的时态特点?
一般情况下?，时间和条件?状语从句的?谓语动词一?般用“一般现在时?”表示“一般将来时?”，用“现在完成时?”表示“将来完成时?”。
二、状语从句的?用法1( 时间状语从?句常用引导?词:when, as, while?, as soon as, while?, befor?e, after?, since? , till, until?
特 殊引导词:the minut?e, the momen?t, the secon?d, every? time, the day，the insta?nt, immed?iatel?y , direc?tly, no soone?r?…?than, hardl?y?…when, scarc?ely?…?when(1) 由when?, while?, as引导的?时间状语从?句。
【区别】when, while?和as的区?别:when引?导的从句的?谓语动词可?以是延续性?的动词，又可以是瞬?时动词。并且whe?n有时表示?“就在那时”。
While?引导的从句?的谓语动作?必须是延续?性的，并强调主句?和从句的动?作同时发生?(或者相对应?)。并且whi?le有时还?可以表示对?比。例如:
While? my wife was readi?ng the newsp?aper, I was watch?ing TV. (was readi?ng是延续?性的动词，was readi?ng和wa?s watch?ing同时?发生)
As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的?动作是延续?性的动作，一般用于主?句和从句动?作同时发生?;as也可以?强调“一先一后。
As we was going? out, it began? to snow.当我们出门?时，开始下雪了?。(as强调句?中两个动作?紧接着先后?发生，而不强调开?始下雪的特?定时间)
(2)由befo?re和af?ter引导?的时间状语?从句。注意bef?ore引导?的从句不再?用否定式的?谓语，并且当be?fore引?
还要注意主?句和从句之?间的时间关?系。当主句用将?来时，从句总是用?现导的从句位?于主句之后?，有时译成“就，才”。
在时;如果bef?ore引导?的从句谓语?用的是过去?时，则主句动词?多用过去完?成时，这样以便体?现动作发生?的先后。After?表示主句动?作发生在从?句动作之后?。主句和从句?的动作的时?间关系正好?与befo?re引导的?从句相反。
(3)由till?或unti?l引导的时?间状语从句?。till和?until?一般情况下?两者可以互?换，但是在强调?句型中多用?until?。并且要注意?的是:如果主句中?的谓语动词?是瞬时动词?时，必须用否定?形式;如果主句中?的谓语动词?是延续性动?词时，用肯定或否?定形式都可?以，但表达的意?思不同。例如:
(4)由sinc?e引导的时?间状语从句?。 since?引导的从句?的谓语动词?可以是延续?性的动词，又可以是瞬?时动词。一般情况下?，从句谓语动?词用一般过?去时，而主句的谓?语动词用现?在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since?从句的句型?中，主句多用一?般现在时。例如:
(5)由as soon as, immed?iatel?y, direc?tly, insta?ntly, the momen?t, the insta?nt, the minut?e, 等引导的时?间状语从句?。这些连词都?表示“一……就”。
【注意】hardl?y(scarc?ely, rarel?y)…when?/ befor?e, no soone?r…than相?当于as soon as之意。主句用过去?完成时，从句用一般?过去时。当hard?ly, scarc?ely, rarel?y和no soone?r位于句首?时，主句应用倒?装语序。
(6)由by the time引?导的时间状?语从句。注意时态的?变化:在一般情况?下，如果从句的?谓语动词用?一般过去时?，主句的谓语?动词用过去?完成时;如果主句的?谓语动词用?一般现在时?，主句的谓语?动词用将来?完成时。 7.由each? time, every? time和?whene?ver引导?的时间状语?从句。
8.由as long as和so? long as引导的?时间状语从?句。这两个连词?表示“有多久……就多久”。
2( 地点状 常用引导词?where?特殊引导词?where?ver, anywh?ere, every?where?句型1:Where?，地点从句，(there?)，主句。
【注意】此句型通常?译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句?后面时，there?可用可不用?;如果主句在?从句的前面?时，一般都不用?there?。 句型2:Anywh?ere/ where?ver，地点从句，，主句。 状语从句是?句子的状语?由一个从句?充当，来修饰主句?中的动词，形容词或副?词等。状语从句都?由从属连词?引导，与主句连接?，放在句末时?，一般不在前?面加逗号。 3、原因状语从?常用引导词?:becau?se, since?, as, since? 特殊引导词?:seein?g that, now that, in that, consi?derin?g that, given? that, consi?derin?g that, My frien?ds disli?ke me becau?se?I’m?hands?ome and succe?ssful?.
Now that every?body has come, let’s?begin? our confe?rence?.
1
The highe?r incom?e tax is harmf?ul in that it may disco?urage? peopl?e from tryin?g to earn more. Consi?derin?g that he is no more than 12 years? old, his heigh?t of 1.80 m is quite? remar?kable?.
4( 目的状语从?句常用引导?词:so that, in order? that
特殊引导词?:lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpo?se that, to the end that The boss asked? the secre?tary to hurry? up with the lette?rs so that he could? sign them. The teach?er raise?d his voice? on purpo?se that the stude?nts in the back could? hear more clear?ly. 5( 结果状语从?句
常用引导词?:so?…?that,?so…?that, such?…?that,
特殊引导词?:such that, to the degre?e that, to the exten?t that, to such a degre?e that,
He got up so early? that he caugh?t the first? bus.It’s?such?a?good?chanc?e that we must not miss it. To such an degre?e was he excit?ed that he could?n’t?sleep? last night?.
6( 条件状语从?句常用引导?词:if, unles?s,
特殊引导词?:as/so long as, only if, provi?ding/provi?ded that, suppo?se that, in case that, on condi?tion that We’ll?start? our proje?ct if the presi?dent agree?s.You will certa?inly succe?ed so long as you keep on tryin?g. Provi?ded that there? is no oppos?ition?, we shall? hold the meeti?ng here.
7( 让步状语从?句常用引导?词:thoug?h, altho?ugh, even if, even thoug?h
特 殊引导词: as(用在让步状?语从句中必?须要倒装)，while? ( 一般用在句?首 )，no matte?r?…， in spite? of the fact that, while?, whate?ver, whoev?er, where?ver, whene?ver, howev?er, which?ever
Much as I respe?ct him, I?can’t?agree? to his propo?sal. 尽管我很尊?敬他， 我却不同意?他的建议。 The old man alway?s enjoy?s swimm?ing even thoug?h the weath?er is rough?.
No matte?r how hard he tried?, she could? not chang?e her mind.He?won’t?liste?n whate?ver you may say. 8( 比较状语从?句常用引导?词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的?比较)
特殊引导词?:the?more?…?the?more?…?;?just?as?…， so…;?A?is?to?B?what?/as?X?is?to?Y;?no?…?more?than;?not?A?so?much?as?B She is as bad-tempe?red as her mothe?r.The house? is three? times? as big as ours. The more you exerc?ise, the healt?hier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machi?ne. 食物之于人?，犹如油之于?机器。
9( 方式状语从?句
常用引导词?:as, as if, how特殊?引导词:the wayWh?en in Rome, do as the Roman? do.
She behav?ed as if she were the boss.Somet?imes we teach? our child?ren the way our paren?ts have taugh?t us.
人称代词的?用法
汉意 主格 宾格 所有格 人名或动物 ?
第一 我 I me My
人称 我们 we us Our
第二 你 you you Your
人称 你们 you you Your
第三 他\她\它 she\he\it him\her\it His\her\its Mary\dog
人称 他\她\它(们) their? they them Mary&Tom\dog&cat
人称代词儿?歌(自编)
人称代词真是多?，大家一起排?排座
2
主格出来先?亮相: 还有形容词性物主代词??:
I是我，you是你?，we中不分?我和你(我们); My我的，your你?的，our就是?我们的;
男他he，女她she?，动物它是?i-t(it); 男他的hi?s，女她的he?r，their?就是他/她
/它们的; 还有他/她/它们读着?they。
宾格在后紧?跟上: 人称代词容易混?，千万一定记?得牢～
me是我，you是你?，us不分我?和你;
男他him?，女她her?，动物它还是?i-t(it);
them---他/她/它们要牢记?;
主格句中作主语?，宾格句中作宾语?，不要
随便乱?排序。
一般现在时?与现在完成?时
1. I come from Shang?hai(上海人) I have come from Shang?hai(从上海来) 2. You read very well. (强调能力) You've read very well. (强调一次刚?完成的动作?) 3. I forge?t.(一时想不起?来了) I have forgo?tten.(到说的时候?仍没想起来?) 4. The book is in simpl?e Engli?sh. (表状态)
The book has been in simpl?e Engli?sh.(表动态，已用英语写?成)
5. Every? time I see him, he's been readi?ng. (两个动作不?可能同时进?行) Every? time I have seen him, he's been readi?ng. (强调两个动?作同时进行?) 6. He is gone. (强调状态)He has gone. (强调动作和?时间)
He won't come till the play begin?s. (演出开始时?) 7.
He won't come till the play has begun?.(戏已开始)
8. After? I leave? schoo?l, I'll go to colle?ge. (两个动作紧?密相接)
After? I have left schoo?l, I'll go to colle?ge.(强调毕业后?，两个动作可?能有间隔) 9. Where? are you, (在哪)Where? have you been,(去了哪)
一般现在时?与现在进行?时
1. He works? hard.(强调始终如?一)He is worki?ng hard.(强调现在)
2. What do you do, (干什么工作?的)What are you doing?(在干什么)
3. Here comes? the bus! (表示高兴和?欣慰) The bus is comin?g.(描写汽车到?来的情景) 4. I forge?t him name. (不记得)I'm forge?tting? his name.(差点把他的?名字忘了) 5. You don't eat much. (强调胃口不?大) You're not eatin?g much.(你怎么不吃?呀) 6. The match? start?s at 7 o'clock?. (比较固定，不宜改变)
The match? is start?ing at 7 o'clock?.(可以改变)
7. Tom alway?s comes? late.Tom is alway?s comin?g late.(表示不满，责备) 8. Tom goes to colle?ge now.Tom is going? to colle?ge now.(这两句区别?不大，后者更生动?) 9. I tell you.(我可以告诉?你) I'm telli?ng you.(我告诉你吧?，有感情色彩?) 10. He alway?s sleep?s in the after?noon.
11.I expec?t you to phone? me. ( 几乎等于命?令) I'm expec?ting you to phone? me.(婉转) 12. What do you say,What are you sayin?g,(你在说些什?么呀,表示说话人?惊讶，不满) 13. I find that the book is too diffi?cult for me.(强调结果)
I'm findi?ng that the book is too diffi?cult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到) 14. Apple?s cost more these? days.(强调事实)Apple?s are costi?ng more these? days.(越来越贵) 15. He alway?s think?s of other?s. (记录事实)He's alway?s think?ing of other?s.(表示赞扬) 16. We can discu?ss this while? we eat.说话时没用?餐We can discu?ss this while? we are eatin?g.进餐已开始?
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现在完成时?与一般过去?时
1) I've seen him this morni?ng.(还在上午的?时间里。)
I saw him this morni?ng.(时间已不在?上午了。)
2) Who's opene?d the windo?w, (窗户还在开?着。)
Who opene?d the windo?w, (与现在无关?,窗户可能已?关上。)
3) Have you ever heard? him sing, (他可能不是?爱唱歌。)
Did you ever hear him sing,(你曾听过他?唱歌吗?他可能是歌?唱家。)
4) Have you ever heard? of such a thing?, (你听过这种?事吗,)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?? (这种事, 你听说过吗??表示惊异。) 5) What have I done to make you so angry? (对方仍生气?。)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一过?去的时间，可能对方已?不生气了。) 6) How has he done it, (他这活干的?怎么样,强调结果)
How did he do it,(他是怎么干?这活的,强调干活的?方式)
7) He has lived? in New York for eight? years?. (他仍在纽约?)
He lived? in New York for eight? years?.(他可能不在?人世了) 8) He has been calle?d a think?er. (始终是)
He was calle?d a think?er.(他曾被誉为?思想家，不一定现在?是。) 9) You've heard? what I said. (你听见我的?话了。)
You heard? what I said.(你是听见我?的话的。口气严厉，具有感情色?彩。) 10) I've lost my pen. (笔还没找到?)I lost my pen.(笔可能找到?了)
11) He has alrea?dy been there?. (曾去过哪) He was alrea?dy there?.(当时在哪) 12) Since? I have been ill, my frien?d has visit?ed me every? day.(生病还在延?续) Since? I was ill, my frien?d has visit?ed me every? day. (病已好了) 13) Have you slept? well, (暗示疲倦了?，休息后是否?好些了。)
Did you sleep? well(暗示睡的是?否舒服，满意)
过去进行时?与一般过去?时
1) I read a book yeste?rday. (书已看完)I was readi?ng a book yeste?rday.(书尚未看完?) 2) The guest?s arriv?ed.(客人已到)The guest?s were arriv?ing.(客人陆续到?达) 3) He woke from a dream?. (表示全醒)He was wakin?g from a dream?.(表示初醒) 4) The old man died.(已死)The old man was dying?.(将要死)
5) John told me about? it.(告诉我了,我都知道了?)
John was telli?ng me about? it.(跟我谈起过?,我想了解更?多的事情) 6) They made me to go along? with them.(已经说服)
They were makin?g me to go along? with them.(还在劝说)
7) The wind blew hard all night?.(强调事实)
The wind was blowi?ng hard all night?.(强调风刮个?不停)
8) He knock?ed at the door.(强调一次) He was knock?ing at the door.(强调持续多?次) 将来一般时?与现在进行?时
1) Will he come,Is he comin?g, (时间发生的?比较近)
2) How long will you stay hear, (表示意愿) How long are you stayi?ng here?(表示打算) 3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定)She's going? to have a baby.(表示推测,计划) 4) I'll see him this eveni?ng.(表示意愿) I'm seein?g him this eveni?ng.(表示打算,已有安排) 一般现在时?与一般过去?时
1) Do you wish to see me, Did you wish to see me,(表示婉转客?气)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的话就这?些) That's all I had to say.(我要说的就?这些) 3) How do you like the film, (看电影过程?中) How did you like the film,(看完电影后?) 4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说)It was so nice to see you.(离别时说) 5) I never? like him. (没时间性) I never? liked? him.(从来没喜欢?过)
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6) I think? I know that voice?.(没见客人时?)
I thoug?ht I know that voice?.(见到客人时?,证明自己正?确或错误)
7) Who is that, (那人还在)Who was that,(人已不在场?了)
8) This cake is made at home.家里常做这?种蛋糕 This cake was made at home.这种蛋糕是?自家做的感?叹句
由感叹词w?hat引导?的感叹句。
what修?饰名词或名?词短语，有以下两种?形式:
1. What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名?词+主语+谓语～或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语～如:
What an apple? this is! What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复?数或不可数?名词+主语+谓语～
What kind women? they are! What nice music? it is!
由How引?导的感叹句?。
how用来?修饰形容词?、副词或动词?。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语～
How hard the worke?rs are worki?ng! How cleve?r the girl is! How quick?ly the boy is writi?ng!
注意:当how修?饰动词时，动词不跟着?感叹词提到?主语之前。
How the runne?r runs!
what与?how引导?的感叹句，一般情况下?可以相互转?换，转换后意义?不变。如:
What an inter?estin?g story? it is!==How inter?estin?g the story? is!
what a beaut?iful build?ing it is!==How beaut?iful the build?ing is!
在口语中，感叹句的主?语和谓语常?常省略。如:
What a nice prese?nt!(省略it is) How disap?point?ed!(省略she? is或其它?可作本句主?、谓的词语)
关于感叹句? what 和 how 的区别:
一、 由"what"引导的感叹?句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词(被强调部分?)，单数可数名?词前要加不?定冠词a/an,复数可数名?词或不可数?名词前不用?冠词。这类句子的?结构形式是?:
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
如: ? What a cleve?r girl she is! 多么聪明的?姑娘呀～
二、由"how"引导的感叹?句:"how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词?或副词(被强调部分?)。如果修饰形?容词，则句中的谓?语动词用系?动词;如果how?修饰副词，则句中的谓?语动词用行?为动词，这类句子的?结构形式是?:
How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is). 如: How cold it is today?! 今天多么冷?呀～
三、在表示同一?意义时，英语感叹既?可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如:
What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !
四、感叹句在表?示激动强烈?的感情时，口语中常常?采用省略句?，其后面的主?语和谓语往?往略去不讲?。 如: What a fine day! 多么晴朗的?天呀～
感叹句练习?
( ) 1._____?__a cleve?r boy he is ! A. What B. How C.?What’s
( ) 2._____?__she? dance?s! A. How good B. How well C. What well
( ) 3._____?__qui?et the park is! A. What a B. How C. How a ( ) 4._____?his fathe?r works?! A. How caref?ul B. How caref?ully C. What caref?ul
( ) 5._____?noisy? they are makin?g! A. What B. How C. How a ( ) 6._____?_deli?cious? soup! A. How B. WhatC?. What a
( ) 7._____?_heav?y snow!! A. What a B. What C. How ( ) 8.____o?ld bike Li Lei is ridin?g! A. What a B. What an C. How ( ) 9._____?_exci?ting momen?t it is! A. How B. How an C. What an ( ) 10._____?_supp?er?we’re?havin?g today?!A. What a delic?iousB?. How delic?ious C. What delic?ious
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( ) 11._____?___fi?ne weath?er it is today?! A. How B. What a C. What ( ) 12._____?fast the boys are runni?ng! A. What B. What a C. How
( ) 13._____?__the? moon cakes? are! A. How delic?ious B. What delic?iousC?. What a delic?ious ( ) 14.____s?urpri?sing news it is! A. How B. What C. What a ( ) 15.____t?ime?we’re?havin?g today?!
A. What a good B. How good C. What good ( ) 16._____?__I miss you!
A. What B. How C. How do ( ) 17.Look! _____?_beau?tiful? that lake is!
A. How B. What C. What a ( ) 18. _____?___ slowl?y Tom runs!
A. How B. What C. What a ( ) 19._____?lovel?y the snow looks?!
A. What B. How C. What a ( ) 20._____?___us?eful infor?matio?n it is!
A. What an B. How C. What ( ) 21._____?__bea?utifu?l flowe?rs they are!
A. How B. What C. What a ( ) 22._____?__lov?ely a girl she is!
A. What B. How C. What a ( ) 23._____?__the?y love their? count?ry!
A. What B. How C. What a
_____?__lon?g hair she has! ( ) 24.
A. What a B. What C. How ( ) 25._____?__bea?utifu?l music? we are liste?ning to!
A. How B. What a C. What ( ) 26._____?__exc?iting? a footb?all match? it is!
A. What B. How C. What an ( ) 27._____?__har?d-worki?ng Chine?se peopl?e!
A. How B. What C. How do ( ) 28._____?__a lovel?y view!
A. Is it B.?Isn’t?it?????? C.?Aren’t?they
( ) 29._____?__tim?e they had yeste?rday!
A. How wonde?rful B. What wonde?rful C. What a wonde?rful
( ) 30._____?_worr?ied they looke?d!
A. What B. How C. How are
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