范文一:建筑英文翻译
Guangdong Olympic Stadium
The type of the main structure is steel frame and space steel frame. The area of this project is 300 thousand square meters, and the total area is 145.6 thousand square meters. There are 80 thousand fixed audience seats. High-grade decoration material are used on the VIP guest hall and the reception hall, which include white crystal, leather sofa, wood tea table, walnut wood, man-made carpet and machine-made carpet. In the middle of the granite floor of VIP guest hall, the sesame-gray smooth surface has spiral stripes, and the spaces between two arc lines are shorter and shorter. The spiral stairs are decorated with 12 mm thick steel arc-shaped long glass. The wall and the ceiling are decorated with imported inorganic paint painted with airless spray gun. The wall of restroom is paved with fire-proof composite board glued with repid curing wood glue powder. The ceiling's calcium silicate boards of the VIP guest hall is filled with epoxy. All of these are all high-tech products or skills.
The designer uses the method of "cooking coarse food delicately" to carry out the design and to control the quality, which not only guarantees the level of important part, but also saves investment. The whole idea of decoration fully embodies the character of a sports place. The main style is simple, bright and durable. At the same time the decoration work also fulfills the demand of reception service. The important part of the gym A area's decoration is NO.1 and NO.2 areas, among which the R18-R28 VIP guest area's function is the place where the presidium members, like the leaders of the Central Committee and international VIP guests can have meeting or a rest. So this area is designed as a 5-star hotel. The guest resting room on the 2nd floor, 34 sets of boxes, the resting hall on the 1st floor, the meeting hall and banquet hall are all places where guests can have meal or a rest in the interval. So this area is designed as a 3-star hotel. The stadium hotel is a 4-star hotel. The other areas, like offices, are designed as an ordinary standard. 广东奥林匹克体育场
主体结构类型为钢砼框架,空间钢桁架,共七层,占地30万平方米,建筑
面积14。56万平方米,设计固定观众座位8万座。贵宾大厅,接见厅采用
了高档的装修材料,白水晶,真皮沙发,实木茶几和胡桃木,手织及机织地
毯。贵宾大厅地面共同岗石,中间光面芝麻灰部分呈螺旋状,且两弧线间的
距离渐渐变小。旋转楼梯12毫米厚钢化弧形落地玻璃;墙面,天花采用进
口无气喷枪涂刷无机涂料;休息室墙面难燃夹板用快干木胶粉粘贴;贵宾大
厅天花硅酸钙用环氧树脂填缝,均采用了新工艺或新技术。
施工图设计方“粗粮细作”的操作工艺和质量控制规程,既保证了重点区域的
档次,又节约了投资。整个装饰设计构想充分体现了体育场运动健身的风格。
格调以简洁明快,耐久实用为主,又兼顾了接待服务的功能要求。体育场A
区装饰工程施工的重点为一,二类区域,其中三层R18-R28轴贵宾区域的使
用功能是主席团成员即中央领导,国内外贵宾开会休息的地方,按五星级标
准设计。二层来宾休息厅,四层34套包厢,首层休息厅,会议厅和宴会厅
也是来宾赛间休息,用餐的场所,按三星级标准设计。体育酒店为四星级标
准。其它人流,办公等区域按一般装修标准设计。
VIP House Of Qilin Villa
Located near the Xili Lake of Nanshan District, the Qilin Villa a-period comprehensive building is invested by the Shenzhen govenment. This building is a higt-grade national villa, which has the functions of entertainment, vacation and meeting. In front of the entrance of the VIP guest building's lobby, there is a 10 meters long floor screen wall, which is really special and extends the space of the lobby. The surface of floor, wall and pillar is paved with sahara beige granite. Watergray stoving varnish single aluminuim expanded sheets are used on the ceiling, and the chink is linked well. So it also solves the problem of having difficulty with the consolidation of steel net frame with ceiling single-leaf alum board. The door-cover of each meeting room on the 2nd floor is decorated with rosin-yellow marble, which works in concert with golden-painted ceiling and the Spanish marble lamps of the corridors. The space of the big-size multi-function meeting hall is large. The ceiling seems like caisson ceiling, decorated with 15 big-size Austria sumptuous crystal ceiling lamps, matches the small-flower wool carpet very much. Stairs-shaped international meeting hall is decorated with light-gray carpet and softly-covered wall.
麒麟山庄二期综合楼位于南山区西丽湖侧,是深圳市政府投资的国家级高档
休闲,度假及会议功能于一体的别墅休闲区。贵宾楼大堂,正中面对的10
米大落地幕墙独具特色,起到增加大堂空间的效果。地面,墙面,柱面及栏
板面等均选用莎安娜米黄大理石,天花用大块水灰色烤漆单层铝板,接缝处
理严密,同时解决了天花单层铝板的钢网架骨架加固的难题。二层走廊各会
议厅的门套均饰以松香黄云石,与走廊金漆天花,西班牙云石灯相互辉映。
大型多功能会议厅,空间高大,颇有?藻井?神韵的天花,吊起了十五盏大型
奥地利豪华水晶灯,与铺满小花的羊毛地毯融为一体。阶梯式国际会议厅配
以浅灰色的地毯与软包墙面。
Administrative Center
Administrative Center is a modern intelligent building which has the functions of business and meeting. The design tries to express modern feeling with curves. The arc connection between wall and ground or ceiling is reasonable. The net face of the main building provides sufficient natural light. Giant granite bas-relief which is 284 square meters shows the air of time-being. Granite round pillars are full of power. The arc corridor railing is influent. The special granite ground is design with computer, which uses a lot of stainless steel lines to connect or separate the blocks. Big garden, grassland, flowing water indoors and outdoors form the atmosphere of a big park.
When trying to make this project elegant and grand, the designer also takes efforts to make the indoors decoration to work in concert with the whole building in order to emphasize the position of this center. When using materials and reforming the places, this project tries to adjust the intersity of amount of sound and reflection of light based on the acoustics and the optics. The main style of this building is steady and modern in order to make this center much more suitable and adjustable. The method of using color, light and material is showing the feeling of modern and creativity, meanwhile the sense and texture of material are smartly used to match special details,
which makes wideness, slenderness, point, surface very harmonious. From all the reasons above, effectiveness and comfortableness are fully expressed.
行政中心
该行政中心是一幢集办公,会议于一体的现代化智能大楼。设计以曲线造型
突出建筑物的现代感,墙面与地坪,顶棚之间不同材料的弧形交接合理;主
楼通透式网架屋面提供了充足的自然采光,284平方米的巨幅花岗岩浮雕透
露出时代气息,大理石圆柱刚劲挺拨,回廊弧形栏板和谐通顺,异形花岗石
地坪采用电脑排版,曲线,折线交接镶嵌不锈钢线条分隔;室内外大面积的
花园,草坪,流水构成园林式氛围。
设计中着重体现典雅,稳重特色的同时注重和整个室内装饰风格和谐统一,
前后呼应,充分体现出它的建筑主角。同时在材料分布和空间造型上强调满
足声学,光学的设计要求,以调节吸声和反射的强度。在风格上以稳健,现
代的流行形式为主导,充分体现出它的多功能性和适用性,在用色,用光,
用材上着力展现时代感,创新意,并合理搭配,巧妙运用材料质感和肌理与
细部造型工艺设计结合,使粗,细,点,面和谐统一,充分展现现代多功能
厅和会议厅的完整性,高效性和舒适性。
Communication Center
There are 22 storeys in the main building. Three storeys of round cloister and glass dome build up a shared space. The graphic design adopts Chinese traditional symmetrical design of axes and the floor is composed of white pocked crystone from America, with equal aberration, abrasion resistance property and practicality. The common space devises three groups of design series by 9 diamonds, which dispose as a diamond. The three storied cloister uses the cream-colored crystone, of which the handrail is made by refined white steel laser cut mast, and the steel interlaid glass is inclined to the center of the circle, of which the node is dotting connected. The sunshade is composed by B series of Le Si Long cellular board. The
counter in lobby adopts the internationally popular design which is open wide to interlude the space for leisure, and integrate to the whole common lobby.
通信大楼
本项目主体22层。由三层圆形回廊及其三层玻璃穹顶组成共享空间,平面
设计采用中国传统的中轴线对称式布局。地面采用美国白麻微日石高档材
料,色差均匀,耐磨,实用。共享空间设计了三组由九个方块构成的造型序
列,呈菱形布置。三层回廊用用米色微晶石,扶手为精制白钢激光切割立柱,
钢化夹层玻璃向圆心倾斜,节点为点式驳接。天棚采用荷兰亨特“乐思龙”蜂
窝板吊顶B型系列。大厅柜台采用国际流行的敞开式设计,穿插休息空间,
融入整个共亨大厅。
International Meeting & Exhibition Center
Xiamen International Meeting & Exhibition Center Main Building is a symbol building in Xiamen. The lobby with the side corridor of the 1st floor is the main entrance to the main exhibition hall, and is also a comprehensive area combining public traffic with service function. Under the alum board ceiling of the lobby, there are metal grid ceiling being conjured with bright light, which shows a "grand" style. Small exhibition can be held in the meeting lobby on the 3rd floor, in which group meeting, general activities and entertainment can also be held. The lobby is decorated mainly with emusion paint and granite. The international meeting hall is the whole project, whhich is a space composed by hatched arc red gridstone outdoors wall and bright-ling girder painted with emusion paint. Two VIP guest rooms and the Guanhai Hall have a good field of vision. The former is used to receive important guests and the latter is used as an entertainment place. The multi-functional hall on the 5th floor is used to hold big meeting, cocktail party or performance.
国际会议中心
厦门国际会议中心主楼是厦门市标志性建筑。首层大堂及侧廊是进入主展厅
的正入口,也是一个集公共交通与服务功能于一身的综合区域。大堂铝板天
花下设金属格栅吊顶,配以明亮的灯光投射,尤显其大的个性。三层展览集
会大厅既可举办小型展览,亦作为群众集会,活动及休息场所。大厅以乳胶
漆饰面及花岗石为主。四层国际会议厅乃是本工程的点精之笔,干挂弧形红
砂岩外墙与线条明快的乳胶漆梁相接构造的空间。两个贵宾室及观海厅视野
极佳,分别用于接待宾客和消闲娱乐。五层多功能厅可以举办大型集会,餐
饮招待会及演出等。
Yiyang Huatian Hotel
The decoration of Yiyang Huatian Hotel appears to be fresh, bright, simple and modern, that's because post-modern decoration method is used to bring the hotel to life. The lobby is elegant and gorgeous, which has a leisure and natural feature. Four main service counter is set on the center of the two arc stairs, which makes the middle hall independent and honorable. The arc stairs make the lobby space clear and full of levels, which becomes a landscape of the lobby. The food selling street and the cafe's design is very special and natural, which is attractive and makes every half-opened space full of exotic atmosphere. The design of the banquet hall shows Chinese traditional culture. This is a high-grade environment in which people not only can have meals, but also can communicate with each other. Box seats and open seats existing in one space can fulfill the demands of intimate date and create ebullient atmosphere. The whole style is vivacious and elegant, but is also traditional and steady.
华天大酒店
益阳华天大酒店的总体装饰运用了后现代的建筑手段来赋予建筑物生机,让
整个装饰内容呈现崭新,简洁,明快和现代的气息。大堂高档华丽,追求休
闲自风貌。大堂的四根立柱是设计的视觉焦点和灵魂所在,左右两弧形楼梯
为室内增添了生机。总服务台设立在弧形楼梯中央使中庭显得独立而尊贵,
弧形的旋转楼梯使大堂空间清晰明了,层次丰富,成为大堂的一道风景线。
美食街与咖啡厅,设计别致,追求自然休闲品味,使各个功能在半开敞式的
空间充满了浓郁的异国风情,令人流连忘返。宴会厅体现了中国传统文化,
营造了一个高档的供人交流互动用餐的环境。包厢,大厅既满足了私密的用
餐又丰富了热烈的气氛,整个风格热烈而华丽,但又不失传统的稳重大方。
Shenhua International Hotel
The building is a large-scale project which is invested by Shenhua Group in Baotou, it is also a symbolic building. The item uses high class and new technology of construction and adornments to satisfy the needs, laying the space, according to the requirements of people, dealing with the relationship between the indoors designs and the shape, sound, light and heat indoors according to the sensorial requirements of equipments, creating humanistic space accorded with people's sensibilities. The designs select materials and equipments according to different environments to insure the best vision, hearing and touch indoors, and improve the benefit of surroundings, create the benefits of society, add up to the benefits of economy. The project of indoors designs is the continuing of the construction designs, re-creating of the indoors space of the construction. The whole style appears laconic, anacreontic, stately and elegantly, luxury style.
神华国际大酒店
本建筑是神华集团在包头投资建设的一个大型项目,也是市区内的一个标志
性建筑。此项目大胆采用建筑装饰的高新技术以满足使用要求,在室内设计
上,根据人的行为要求,布置空间;根据设备的知觉要求,处理室内形,声,
光与热等技术的关系,创造符合人们情感需要的人性化空间;装饰设计在保
证室内最佳视觉,听觉,触觉要求的前提下,根据不同的环境选用材料和设
备,提高环境效益,创造社会效益,增加经济效益。本项目室内设计是建筑
设计的延续,是建筑室内空间的再创造。整体风格简洁,明快,庄重,典雅,
豪华气派。
Henglong Plaza
This decoration project is the biggest office of Britain BP in China,the headquarter of BP in China, of which the design style is the most popular open office in west Europe along with the unique styled reception area and unconventional relax area and big lovely meeting room. There are different kinds and scales of office areas, such as the small group offices as 3 people and 6 people are distributed in the whole space. Along the window there lays decision-making double-person offices, which shows an atmosphere of solidarity and positivism. This design accords to the general requirement of offices while also possessing an easy and bright environment for work, especially the greeting room shows the kind atmosphere of vivacity.
恒隆广场
该装饰工程为英国BP公司在中国最大的办公室--BP公司中国总部。该装饰
设计风格为西欧最流行的敞开式办公室,风格独特的接待区域,休闲别致的
会客休息区,团结活泼的大型会议室。办公区域各为组合,三人型,六人组
的小团体办公台组合占满整个大空间,沿窗布置着决策者的双人对办公台,
完全体现出一种团结向上的氛围。此设计方案,符合办公室的常规要求,又
不失欧美式的轻松愉快的办公环境的组合。特别是会客厅,更体现出活泼跳
动的好客场面。
Jinling Star Hotel
This project's main decoration includes special-formed light steel keel plaster ceiling, painting a***estos ceiling, porous alum ceiling, stone pavement of wall and floor, pavement of china floor brisk, pavement of dual carpets, pavement of wallpaper, painting with emulsion paint, production and installment of decoration wood door, production and installment of glass screen, production and installment of decorated service counter, exhibition box, closet, decoration and bas-relief on the wall, no-color painting, installment of electric equipment and toilet. The project also has something to do
with tile, wood, sewer, fire-prevention system, strong and weak electronic wires, installment of steel structure and central air-conditioner.
金陵之星大酒店
本项目主要的装修内容包括轻钢龙骨异型石膏板吊顶,烤漆龙骨岩棉板吊
顶,多孔铝板吊顶,墙地面石材铺贴,瓷地砖铺贴,双层地毯铺贴,墙纸铺
贴,乳胶漆刷涂,花式切片板工艺木门的制作与安装,玻璃隔断的制作与安
装,工艺装饰服务台,展柜,衣橱等制作安装,墙顶面工艺造型浮雕及花式
切片板饰面,亚光硝基清漆饰面及五金,灯具,洁具的安装等。整个施工涉
及瓦,木,给排水,自动喷淋灭火系统,强电,弱电,中央空调与钢架安装
等诸多工种。
The VIP House of Beishan Hotel
The dominant idea and whole originality of the design of the guest hall pay much emphasis to the integration of oriental culture and western culture and the strong local culture, along with characteristic of the modern era. In coping with the fashion, the project also orients the design on the regression to nature, inspirited by the local culture, emphasizing on the relation among the people, nature and technology, pursuing the integration of romantic sentiment and local feature to reach the innovational charm of speciality, diversification and emulation. The application of color, materials and art form gives importance to a graceful, elegant and magnificent style.
由翻译公司提供其翻译。
北山宾馆贵宾楼
贵宾楼室内设计的主导思想及整体创意,着重体现东西方交融的文化和浓厚
的地域文化,并赋予时代发展的特色,在迎合时尚潮流的同时,以回归自然
为设计作品定位,从地域文化中吸取灵感,着重协调人,自然和技术之间的
关系,追求浪漫情调与地域特色相结合的设计理念,力求达到独特,变化,
超越的创造魅力。在色彩,材质和艺术造型等手段运用上突出浑圆,端庄,
华丽,高雅的风格。
Liaoning Hotel
Liaoning Hotel is a famous hotel which is an Italian renaissance style. The ceiling logo of the lobby is pavonine, and it has hidden lamps as light; the metope and floor are equipped with yellow marble; the lobby bar is equipped with Australia sandstone and black walnuts; and platinium wood-carvings are used much in the lobby. The western dining room uses renaissant column and symbols; white hand-made paint with gold on the facings. The Chinese dining room is designed by the construction of Tang Dynasty in China, the triangle craft which come from Chinese style craft, Chinese classical lamps etc. The ceiling of corridor uses conjoint embellished well to mark off a paragraph one by one, in the embellished well, where hangs renaissant droplights, the corridor inside uses renaissant grace and classical line, and the wood parts uses black walnuts three-ply.
辽宁宾馆
是一座意大利文艺复兴建筑风格的著名酒店。大堂利用孔雀开屏作天花图
形,天花上做了暗藏灯带补充照明;墙面及地面采用黄理石;大堂吧则使用
澳洲砂岩与黑胡桃木形成质感对比;大堂内多处使用了箔金木雕。西餐厅运
用了文艺复兴时期的柱式及象征符号;白色手扫漆结合点金的饰面。中餐厅
的设计采用了中国唐朝的建筑符号,由中式椽头引申变化出的三角椽头,中
国古典式灯具等。走廊天花部分用相连的藻井划分出一个个的段落,藻井中
挂有文艺复兴风格的吊灯,走廊内部采用文艺复兴时期优美古典的线形,木
作部分使用黑胡桃木三夹板。
The Auditorium of Tianjin Hotel
The auditorium of Tianjin Hotel is 3-storey high. The antechamber, about 1500 square meters, is fitted in white mood, which looks elegant and anacreontic. It is equipped with European classical
crystal droplight, which reveals artistic flatus of urbanity; the floor is mainly made of imported white marble, matched with Shanana spell flower floor of stonework, slope string is violaceous, the metope is equipped with silver thread yellow stonework, partly matched with dry-hanging stones, sixteen exceeding lofty pillars are made by white marble, the bottom and top of pillars are mixed with white marble basso-relievo; the architrave is equipped with violaceous stone thread, serve as a foil to the light yellow metope, three are rose wood outdoors, the wood door is all glass and the varnish scrubbed off. Indoors are equipped with rose wood multiple doors. The top of the second floor is equipped with abnormal reflector lamps paper-faced irregular ceiling, the stonework of the metope is echoed to the Hall, the lamp boards of stair are still mainly matched with crystal, mixed with violaceous slope stone.
The metope is made of the prism style of multiple baffle-board, among every group of the prism is divded by woodcarvings, the whole metope is divided by stonework pillars of European sculpt on the axes; on the second floor, which is for the auditorium, the breast board plan of it is designed as hatch "U", the section plan is calabash hyperboloidal, it is made by steel framework. The stonework pillars is made of Iranian platina stone, it is besetted by European upright half-cirsularity concave sculpt and horizontal half circularity protruding sculpt, the top of the pillar is made by splay arc stone board. The arena floor of auditorium hall is made by thick-added compositive plywood and thick-added gap floor. The top of veneer is assembled by perforated aluminium, the bottom of it is equipped with decorative plywood as arc, the sound boxes, which are on the two sides of the arena, is equipped; its facing is decorated with hollow-out accounterments backined with sound boxes cloth. The metope is designed as build-in sound box, its facing is copper accounterments backinged with sound box cloth.
天津宾馆大礼堂
天津宾馆大礼堂为三层框架结构,前厅装修典雅,明快。1500平方米的前
厅采用白色基调,配以欧式古典水晶吊灯折射出一种文雅的艺术气息。地面
以进口白大理石为主,配以莎安娜石材拼花地面,坡打线均为紫罗红,墙面
全部采用银线米黄石材,部分采用干挂石材,16根通天柱则采用汉白玉,
柱底,柱头为汉白玉浮雕;门口筒子板贴脸采用紫罗红石线,衬托浅米黄墙
面,外立花梨木,全玻木门,清漆磨退。室内全部采用花梨木复合门。二楼
楼梯顶棚为异型侧反光灯纸面不齐板吊顶,墙面石材同大堂相响应,楼梯踏
板仍以水晶石为主,配以紫罗红坡打石材。
观众厅墙面采用了多反射面的棱台造型,每组棱台之间以木雕花饰作分割,
整体墙面在轴线位置用欧式造型石材柱子作分区;二层观众席的挑台栏板设
计平面为开口U字形,剖面为葫芦形双曲面,采用钢骨架作基础骨架。石材
柱子采用伊朗白金洞石,加工成欧式半圆竖凹线造型与正半圆横向凸线造型
镶拼而成,柱顶为弧型石板八字拼接。观众厅舞台地板采用加厚集成夹板和
加厚启口地板。台口上部的音桥饰面采用穿孔铝板拼装,下部采用装饰夹板
做弧与台口线上沿连接,台口两侧的音箱饰面采用木作镂空花饰背衬音箱
布,墙面嵌入式音箱面层作铜花饰背衬音箱布。
Chaohuang Restaurant
This five-storey building covers an area of 10,000 square meters. It's a reconstruction to the original one. The restaurant which specializes dishes in top-grade southern Guangdong flavor is a branch in Beijing of the famous Chaohuang restaurant in Guangzhou. The
human-centered decoration idea united the Chaozhou construction style, the modern material and the lighting. The design combined the building and the nature environment and merged the art decoration into the whole space. The space is interspersed with bridges, pavilions, bamboos and swimming fish; the nature space of the outdoor garden is used, the wall is decorated with embossment. All these endowed the space with Jiangnan style as well as modern style. The corridor which adopted scenery-borrowing wall, joined the three
storeys together with the ceiling. With all those cream-colored marbles, mercury arches, wood carvings, flower covers and golden dragons, the art corridor is full of cultural sentiments.
潮皇食府
本工程总建筑面积10000平方米,共五层,这是对原有建筑物改造装饰而成。
是广州名店潮皇食府的北京分店,专营南粤风味高档潮州菜。本工程设计以
人为本的装饰理念,将广东潮州建筑风格与现代材料,灯光照明融为一体。
首层宽敞的大堂是食府装饰的精华,设计将建筑小品与自然景观相结合,将
艺术装饰融入整个空间。设计体现华南水乡风格,将具有现代感的共享宽间
配以小桥流水,亭台楼榭和游鱼修竹,引进了室外园林的自然空间,并将中
国古典名画的金箔砂岩浮雕镶于大墙。走廊设计采用借景的墙面与天花,将
食府上下三层连成整体,白砂米黄大理石,墨哥利拱门,木雕,花罩与金色
龙头随处可见,使艺术走廊充满文化情趣。
Ward Building
This fitment style emphasized the free and decent theme. The sheathing boards of the hall and hallway are all in anti-pate material, expressing the simple, decent style as well as perfectly satisfying the requirement of collision resistance on public establishment. Besides, it is easy to clean. The blocks used in hall and hallway are all the imported cream mareils, gorgeous, neat, bright and solemn, just representing the high technology of modern hospital. The soft wooded adornments and paint also add to this design purpose and style. The antiseptic material of interior ceiling adopted by most rooms ensures the particular sanitation standard required by the hospital.
病房楼
本装饰工程强调装饰风格明快大方。首层大厅,主走廊等墙面,都采用了抗
培特板做护墙板,既显现出明快,大方,简洁的风格,又适应了公共部位防
碰撞的要求,同时也便于清洁;大厅,走廊等部的石材采用进口西班牙米黄
色石材,既华丽,干净,明快,又大方庄重,体现出现代化医院的高档水平;
各种细木装饰,高级油漆,涂料均完整地体现了设计意图和设计风格;主要
科室吊顶采用了圣戈邦抑菌矿棉板吊顶,保证了医院特殊环境的卫生要求。
Beijing Hall Of The People's Hall
Beijing Hall is located on the southwest side of the Grand Hall, on the 2nd floor of the People's Hall, with moderate space by having north-south width of 24m and west-east 27m. It has been in use for over 9 years ever since its last reconstruction in 1992, which results in the aging of all kinds of professional equipment as well as pipes and lines, further causing potential safety troubles. The reconstruction this time plans on giving prominence to the local traits and modern sense at the same time, covering the decent, simple, free and solemn styles. Light colors are preferred to decorate the walls and ceilings of the big hall to brighten the interior space. While the small one chasing the cozy, light and simple effect, the design and the material selection are accorded with those of the big hall.
人民大会堂北京厅
人民大会堂北京厅位于人民大会堂二层大宴会厅东南侧,南北跨度24米,
东西跨度27米,空间感觉适中。自1992年改造至2001年,已经使用了9
年多,各种专业设备及管线等已经陈旧,老化,存在着消防,安全隐患。此
次北京厅改造在总体上力求体现典雅,大方,庄重,明快的风格,突出北京
厅的地方特色和时代感。其中大厅墙面和天花两大主要界面均采用浅色调来
加强室内的明亮感,小厅在风格上追求温馨,淡雅,明快和简洁的艺术效果,
艺术手法及选材与大厅相适应。
Grand Banquet Hall Of The People's Hall
Grand Banquet Hall (also called the West Hall), located in the western side of the 2nd floor of the People's Hall, is where the leaders treat the respected sovereigns of other countries and where the important
national activities are held. The fitment this time is a totally break-up and reornamented. Warm color block Rerlato Svervo and Cream Mareil are chosed as the material for the metope, and a huge floss for embroidery is hanged on the frontal wall to set the theme of the hall, also with ten gold-foiled stone-carving habitacles. A lot of peony-shaped gildings are used to decorate the ceiling and the edges. In the center of the hall are three huge pendant lamps in crystal glass. The floor is covered with red wool carpet, also in peony pattern. The marble shading walls on the south and north sides of the hall make the narrow and long lobby seem much well-proportioned. As a whole, the Grand Banquet Hall looks extremely magnificent.
人民大会堂国宴厅
人民大会堂国宴厅(即西大厅),位于人民大会堂二楼西侧,是我国领导人
宴请外国元首,举行重大国事活动的场所。此次装修改造是一次彻底全部拆
除和重新装修工程。设计选用金花米黄和白沙米黄暖色石材作为墙面材料,
主墙面有巨幅绒秀作为主题背景,还有10个贴金石雕壁龛。天花和角线采
用大量贴金牡丹花饰,中央大厅设有三盏水晶玻璃大吊灯,地面是满铺红色
牡丹花图案的羊毛地毯。南北两侧各有一座云石影壁墙使原窄长的大厅比例
更恰当。整个大厅显得十分富丽堂皇。
Hebei Hall of the People's Hall
Hebei Hall is regarded as "the National Hall" in the People's Hall. The principal thought of making it a topmost serving space with the combined styles of Chinese traditional nationality and Hebei local features leads the design in two ways: meeting the need of the People's Congress Hall as a working environment as well as showing the local characteritics of Hebei--graceful, civilized and splended. Most decorating components in this hall are full of Chinese classical style, such as the wooden girders and masts used in the old times. Most adopted wooden materials are cherry wood in dark red brown; most wall materials are white marble from Greek instead of the
tradtional paint. The design meets the challenge of unifying the
required dignity that the People's Congress Hall should have and the
special features of the distinct.
人民大会堂河北厅
河北厅在人民大会堂中被誉为“国门第一厅”。本设计的主导思想是把本厅做成一个民族传统风格和河北地方特色相结合的国家级外交招待厅, 在设计中要求它既满足人民大会堂内部环境的使用需要又符合河北地方特色--华贵,端庄,金碧辉煌。厅内主要采用中国民族传统的风格形式,深棕红色的樱桃木作为大部分木制装修的材料。大面积的墙面采用了希腊产的白水晶大理石代替中国古代的白粉墙。这样既表现了传统风格形式,又体现了人民大会堂建筑内部应有的高贵档次。
Years are like songs, flying away rapidly
In the vast sea of time, a group of people are struggling with
the waves
Recounting hardships and glory bravely
They share a common name: CATIC people
岁月如歌 沧海桑田
在时间的浩瀚里, 有一群人中流击水
以勇敢的资态诉说着艰辛与辉煌
他们拥有一个共同的名字:中航人
A kind of elegance with art and technology
A kind of leisure and comfort beyond the earthly world Accidentally
The plainest part in life is turned into
A song, a picture
Or a perpetual poem
一份艺术与科技营造的优雅 一种超逸于尘世之外的闲适 不经意间
将生活最为平凡的部分 点化成一首歌 一幅画 或者是一行
永远永远都吟不完的诗
范文二:建筑英文翻译
很多时候会议演示和应用层被认为是一层。会话和表示层管理之间结束对话用户应用程序然后格式化并传送数据到应用层。会话层建立管理和终止连接在本地和远程应用程序。表示层建立应用层之间的实体的数据框架。它的数据转换代表在向网络应用的格式反之亦然。应用层是层最终用户直接打交道3系统集成框架的讨论应该采用ISO模型专注于物理?闶 萃 绾陀τ貌恪,庋 鲈黾恿送该鞫群屠斫庹饬礁鲂幸岛涂突У奶致劢峁够 枷呦低场?在过去20年里已经从大量的运动专用通讯电缆客场通用电缆个别供应商或特定用途的独立。有几个权威标准一般用于电信基础设施所使用的系统结构电缆在世界各地。 第一条电缆是ANSI/TIA/EIA-568标准创建A和B商业建筑电信布线标准公布美国国家标准协会ANSI电讯行业协会TIA和电子工业协会EIA。加拿大有一个标准的类似ANSI/TIA/EIA-568简称修正案T529加拿大电信布线系统标准。 此外还有一个国际标准简称为ISO / IEC11801的用在亚洲欧洲和非洲。国际标准的撰写由标准化组织ISO的国际组织和各国国家工程协会IEC于1995年。欧洲联盟有类似标准的ISO / IEC11801和50173叫恩出版了对电工标准化CENELEC的欧洲委员会。 澳大利亚和新西兰已发表的AS / NZS3080也是一个标准的综合布线基础设施。虽然有一些差异的ANSI/TIA/EIA-568标准和其他标准ANSI/TIA/EIA-568标准已担任的推导图2.2其他标准的基础。 2002年美国ANSI / TIA / EIA标准组织也发表的ANSI/TIA/EIA-862楼宇自动化系统布线商务标准建筑物它基本上是对楼宇自动化系统BAS的类似标准的文件。这两个标准ANSI/TIA/EIA-568和ANSI/TIA/EIA-862适用于智能建筑技术系统全与消防报警系统外电信设备制造商。这两个标准允许开放电缆基础设施它是具体的产品和供应商独立 用于这两种标准的主要依据是非屏蔽双绞线使用双绞线铜和光纤电缆。这两个标准也有类似的设计准则和可靠性容量和兼容性参数。但是有两个标准BAS的细微差别 1“横向连接点“这类似电信“整合点“或区域布线和 2一个“覆盖区域“而不是电信“工作区“图2.3 尽管有细微的差别这两个标准允许一个单一的结构布线系统的建设。直到最近在BAS的布线标准开发楼宇自动化系统是分别使用不同的电缆电缆类型和电缆通道。 此外这些系统往往用硬线连接的从BAS的设备电缆不像无处不双绞线的RJ- 45世界电信网络连接的设备。这是目前发展以提高标准的电缆基础设施的使用基于非屏蔽双绞线铜线和光纤电缆。应该指出的是双绞铜线和光纤电缆主要用于在这些广泛的网络但不是所有的终端设备需要使用这种手段电缆。例如双绞线电缆可用于连接PC和网络但不会被用于连接鼠标或键盘的电脑。类似的情况存在与其他智能建筑系统的其他终端设备。 双绞线铜电缆 一个双绞铜线电缆图2.4的核心是由绝缘二铜电缆缠绕在一起变成了一对。“四双护套是一个标准的四对铜缆在一起。相对较薄的电线介乎22和24号。该电缆是扭曲成一对以减少串扰“凑采样“的对或干扰相邻线以及电气和机械信号源的干扰。每一对都有不同的号码曲折的电缆相对于其他对进一步降低串扰。这建设是通常被称为非屏蔽双绞线。 在双绞线也可以“屏蔽“创建屏蔽双绞线电缆。虽然屏蔽双绞线的使用是在一些国家流行并具有一定的技术优势这是因为更多的劳动过程中所需的接地装置密集通常不会在一个结构化的使用电缆基础设施 非屏蔽双绞线电缆是相对便宜有一大批合格的技术人员来安装电缆。该电缆标准保证性能的超过90米295英尺电缆。类别非屏蔽双绞线是根据带宽或信息进行生产能力电缆。 非屏蔽双绞线最近类别5e类和6类。 5e类电缆被指定最多为100兆赫带宽 赫兹是频率等于每秒一个周期单位。 6类标准要求高达250兆赫。这
些标准不仅适用于电缆也适用于所有连接器和电缆等终端设备有线电视插口跳线和配线架。许多制造商的测试和/超出标准或生产线来区分他们的产品作为超越标准 光纤电缆 光纤电缆使用的玻璃股传播光。光脉冲交通运输设备之间的通信信号。在光纤的中心光纤链是一个小的内部核心进行传播的光。环绕荷兰国际集团的核心是最外层的护套。无论核心和包层是玻璃但有不同的“折射率“这实际上意味着在光的传播通过材料的不同速度。其结果是光脉冲的产生从激光器或一个光纤电缆的一端LED是通过光纤传送光纤的核心并反映回核心当照射到光纤包层从而保持在该中心的核心光明。.. 光纤与小内芯电缆10微米或更小只有一个对光线的路径被称为单模光纤。光纤电缆核心与略大50和62.5微米已为多条路径轻被称为多模光纤。这两个类型的包层纤维是125微米图2.5。为了便于比较人的头发是在40到120微米的范围一般一微米是百万分之一之一米约0.00004英寸。 由于光脉冲横电缆它断电。这一损失称为衰减是衡量分贝。光纤电缆的衰减是在波长相关。多模光纤电缆运行在低波长可能每公里衰减小于3.5分贝少每公里1.5分贝比在较高的波长。 单模光纤电缆具
分贝每公里为1可以用在任何地方网络但一般用于更长的有优良的性能最高衰减0.5
距离。多模光纤电缆都用于短距离不到一公里和一般建筑物内被发现。除了光纤光缆的带宽容量高主要优点包括机电干扰从无线电频率干扰豁免并使用在更长的距离。 同轴电缆 多年来同轴电缆是首选的广泛使用在电缆视频传输系统早期的以太网网络设备并连到许多大型计算机主机系统。同轴电缆是本质在波导中传输广播电视频率下电缆和是免疫机电干扰。它继续对一些使用视频传输。然而随着技术进步和使用IP视频的“巴伦“允许将视频信号传输的非屏蔽双绞线电缆同轴电缆的使用正在减少。它的使用在智能建筑物一般是最小的。 无线 无线连接电缆连接只是一个替代品。无线不没有线的技术上不能提供物理理论带宽电缆连接。然而能提供移动性和无线是一个很好的连接选项为旧楼在电缆路径上可能不能用。无线技术可能是最有用的智能楼宇技术系统包括Wi - Fi和新兴技术无线个域网技术。 无线互联网 无线保真Wi - Fi的系统基本上取代有线以太网连接系统发散与无线设备。目前Wi- Fi系统在两间无牌经营无线电频率2.4 GHz和5 GHz。电气和电子工程师协会IEEE已通过这些频率它们通常被称为IEEE为三个以太网通信标准802.11运行在5 GHz的频率和IEEE 802.11b和802.11g工作在2.4千兆赫的频率。这些标准可以提供“最佳“11 Mbps的吞吐量测量的带宽每秒兆比特和54 Mbps的。另一个标准IEEE802.11n标准并提出了预计将在2009年底获得批准。 IEEE 802.11n将有一个吞吐量110 Mbps的图2.6。 用户的距离天线利用相同的牌其他设备的频率建筑物内的障碍和建筑结构该干扰无线电信号都影响通信带宽收到从Wi- Fi天线。典型的覆盖领域全方位的Wi- Fi天线室内100至300英尺。每个无线接入点WAP或网关一般可以为10到20个用户根据他们的申请。这种技术和无线“热点“是现在常见的公共建筑机场企业宾馆餐馆和家庭。为Wi- Fi设备市场正朝着向“有线级“安全高性能可靠性和进入大奖规模的系统管理。 Wi - Fi网状网路 在无线网状网络中的所有节点或无线应用协议是相互关联的无线而不是使用电缆来连接无线天线。通常这些“热点”是使用全方位的Wi - Fi的IEEE 802.11b/克天线。定向天线使用Wi - Fi的IEEE 802.11a然后用于连接或热点节点和创建网格。 802.11a标准是用在骨干网由于其性能54 Mbps的不同以及无线电频率符合IEEE802.11a采用5GHz的而802.11b/ g的天线使用2.4千兆赫。 在网状网络中的节点自动相互了解学习自众多的网络路径配置通过配置的网络流量。其结果是延长
了路由能力的Wi- Fi网络覆盖范围周边交通拥堵和躲避障碍物和干扰。网网络提供冗余和“稳健性“因为他们的能力平衡网络流量。 无线网状网创建延迟可能会影响应用程序如IP语音。他们也可以吵可能造成传输错误导致转播与可用带宽减少。虽然电流租金的实现是专有的一为Wi- Fi网状网络标准所谓的802.11s已经定稿并于2007年发布。 无线通信技术 无线通信技术是一种无线技术标准IEEE802.15.4为提供低数据传输网络。它使用900兆赫和2.4千兆赫无牌频率它也可用于无绳电话无线网络和其他设备。该标准的目的是控制装置在住宅商业和工业建筑物。它特别适用于传感器和控制设备有用的建设在智能楼宇自动化系统中的信息或数据量非常少正在传输。这包括开/关开关打开/关闭设备恒温器和电机控制图2.7。 无线通信技术设备的最大速度192和250之间变化Kbps的一带宽测量千比特每秒。最大距离变化20至50米。 无线通信技术技术具有以下优点 1低功耗的设备只需要两节AAA电池 2从100多家企业广泛支持的标准配套如摩托罗拉霍尼韦尔三星三菱公司 3网技术它允许像无线通信技术的无线网络必须配置在几个拓扑结构包括一个网状的拓扑结构允许多
系统的可扩展性无线通信技术设备可以在部署数个传输路径之间的设备和收件人 4
千部 通信协议 协议是一套规则它定义了数据通信格式之间的网络设备和其他网络。协议可能解决率或速度的通信传输模式错误检测和编码和解码数据。协议可以实施硬件软件或两者的组合。 许多年以前的数据处理工作完全是电脑主机或其他中央计算机。这些系统已经在用户之间的“哑“终端和主机设备的专有通讯既其中生产的同一公司。例如人们可以不拿用户的终端由IBM公司制造并使用它由数字设备公司制造的系统。 今天的数据网络使用来自多个制造商的个人电脑和设备。不同的电脑可以联网不仅因为他们有处理能力和存储的“哑“终端没有更重要的是通过一个共同的开放的通讯因为他们沟通协议。在智能建筑的技术系统已采取及迁移到公用网络在数据网络中使用的协议图2.8。 以太网 总的技术趋势是成为一个为所有节点的一部分有线或无线以太网网络和拥有一个IP地址。这是数字融合趋势我们已经看到并会持续多年。 在数据通信领域的IP和以太网标准已多年。语音通信传统电脑主机后遗留单片为蓝本正在迅速移动世界的数据通过IP电信电话VoIP。视频也转向数字通信协议。楼宇自动化系统有特定的行业 协议通信协议等但他们也正在转换或接口的议定书的普遍性主要IP协议。生命安全系统仍有些滞后视频监控系统已转移到IP并在该访问控制以及方向。与专有标准即使有协议的遗留系统转换或转换为标准的IP协议。 XML和SOAP 可扩展标记语言XML是一个用于存储在一个普通的数据结构文本格式和传输数据。 XML是智能建筑的重要因为它是硬件和软件的独立是最常见的方法系统应用之间传输数据。它恢复正常并标准化的数据和方便了系统和系统数据库中可能包含不兼容格式的数据集成。 例如你可以从一个数据结构化查询安全凭据语言SQL数据库的访问控制数据转换为XML那么分享或学生的人力资源应用程序的数据记录这将让安全凭据创建或删除移动雇员或学生进出该组织而不需要协调和重复在这两个数据库的行动。此外大量的国际程序员和软件供应商都采用的XML。 XML数据是“包装“在标签的特定应用程序。标签是由程序员创建的发送接收或显示数据。不像HTML中哪些格式和显示数据XML有没有预定义的标签。 而XML格式的数据简单对象访问协议SOAP是用于通信的应用程序之间的数据。 SOAP是一种基于XML的通信协议是通过因特网进行通信。如XMLSOAP是独立的硬件平台编程语言和操作系统并在促进应用和系统之间的信息交流的重要。
BACNET BACnet是一个建筑自动化和控制网络的缩写。一个国际数据通信协议在首次发表的楼宇自控网1996年是研制由美国采暖制冷与空调工程师协会ASHRAE维护 BACnet的规定代表的职能和运作标准楼宇自动化及控制装置。例如该协议涵盖如何请求从湿度传感器的价值或发送泵状态报警 对于每个楼宇自动化及控制装置一个标准的软件类型对象被创建其中包含这样的标识符和反映的职能和设备的运行设备属性。其中的一些特性可能该设备是固有的或必需的属性而其他属性可能会设备的可选功能。对楼宇自控网的实质是摒弃专属通讯类似不同厂商的设备对待一个共同的标准方式类似设备进行通信和控制。这种方法允许的楼宇自控网和结构将用于HVAC照明系统消防报警系统楼宇自动化系统等。 除了标准化的设备对象还定义了的楼宇自控网之间的服务器和客户端的消息类型。这些消息被称为“服务要求“与楼宇自控网标准定义消息分为35个类型 分为五组或类。后者包括以下信息 1访问和操纵的对象的属性 2报警和事件 3文件上传和下载 4管理远程设备的操作 5虚拟终端功能 可以沟通的楼宇自控网以上几种类型的网络包括以太网令牌总线MS / TP的
PTP点对点点通过电话线或硬连线的EIA -232连接使用。master-slave/token-passing和
是一个古老的令牌总线网络拓扑结构和PTP是没有得到广泛的部署。ASHRAE已经认识到知识产权的通信协议的重要性。 ASHRAE最初创建的方法称为“附件H.3“楼宇自控网协议允许的是“隧道“通过IP网络即基本上包装成一个IP消息的楼宇自控网的数据。然而这要求每个子网有一个翻译可以拆卸组装和在IP数据包数据。在附件H.3缺点是解决与附件J的楼宇自控网/ IP协议。楼宇自控网 / IP在传输信息的楼宇自控网在本机IP格式提供新的灵活性和可扩展性的楼宇自控网现场总线现场总线是通常称为控制网络通信协议作品而是因为它捆绑一个拥有专用的通信协议微处理器和媒体收发器它更像一个网络平台。 现场总线技术是由公司的梯队。 1999年通信协议当时的现场总线已知提交与接受作为控制网络ANSI/CEA-709.1-B标准。 2009年现场总线技术成为国际标准的ISO / IEC14908。鉴于的现场总线解决了设备如何沟通现场总线的问题定义的内容并认为是传达信息结构。该协议主要集中在建筑和家庭自动化但也可用于运输和工业自动化。 为两个主要的物理层的信令技术标准要求双绞线电缆和电力线载波但也可以使用现场总线技术射频RF红外IR同轴电缆和光纤电缆。该现场总线平台采用IP隧道的附属标准的ANSI/的CEA -852 -由多家厂商使用的连接设备现场总线技术为基础的网络IP网络和应用。许多现场总线技术网络正在部署一些IP网络集成。现场总线技术主要是通过使用一个设备它包含一个梯队设计的8位处理器被称为“神经芯片“楼宇自控网对象相似现场总线技术规范的功能和设备的信息。每个标准被称为标准网络变量类型。 网络通信协议 是一种通信协议的莫迪康发表于1979年。在那个时间主要集中在通信的网络通信协议可编程逻辑控制器PLC生产的工业自动化的网络通信协议和使用。莫迪康目前由施耐德电气公司和拥有2004年的网络通信协议标准被转移到一个非盈利性组织通信协议国际开发协会其成员主要是用户和汽车零部件供应商美信产业。 Modbus是一个应用层的消息传递客户机服务器之间的总线或不同类型的网络连接的设备之间的通信协议。它可以实现在以太网网络异步串行如RS- 232或RS- 485或传输高速令牌传递网Modbus Plus的工作要求。对于以太网和Modbus Plus的电文创建 Modbus协议是由“隧道“或嵌入到框架或包结构是基于一个以太网或令牌传递网络中使用。 最常见的Modbus实现使用的串行RS- 485或Modbus RTU的物理层一种数据的二进制表示或使用Modbus
ASCII人类可读。选项使用以太网实现Modbus / TCP的。4 Modbus协议像其他通信协议定义了一个消息结构和格式信息领域如何一控制器请求访问另一个设备如何回应请求错误会如何发现和报告如何识别设备如何识别一个邮件到设备等等。的Modbus版本具有不同的功能。例如基本国防部总线协议是一个主从式的安排不提供一个“奴隶“设备到主报告除非它是由主调查。在Modbus实现以太网Modbus协议/ TP的设备可以报告给主人。的Modbus / TP的执行情况没有这样的限制存在。Modbus是一种简单而有效的议定书。典型的问题设计者必须克服包括高延迟和时序问题。 OPC OPC是有点在嵌入的缩写。 OPC的代表“过程控制的OLE“在打开时OLE对象链接和站“嵌入。“OPC是基于微软的OLE/ COM的技术基本上允许Windows程序与硬件设备进行通信。 OPC的工作在客户机服务器的方法。 OPC服务器转换通信协议的硬件设备到OPC协议。OPC客户端软件使用的OPC服务器获取数据或发送的COM对硬件设备指。 OPC客户端软件通常是一个人机界面HMI允许客户机进行通信的硬件设备。 OPC是一个开放的标准。软件供应商只要包含OPC客户端帽在他们的产品的能力和他们成为与硬件设备相兼容。
范文三:建筑英文翻译
建筑结构中英文翻译(相当于词典)
A
acceptable quality:合格质量
acceptance lot:验收批量
aciera :钢材
admixture :外加剂
against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection:高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数
aggregate :骨料
air content:含气量
air-dried timber:气干材
allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column:砌体墙、柱容许高厚比
allowable slenderness ratio of steel member:钢构件容许长细比
allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member:受压木构件容许长细比 allowable stress range of fatigue:疲劳容许应力幅
allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement:钢筋拉应变限值
allowable value of crack width:裂缝宽度容许值
allowable value of deflection of structural member:构件挠度容许值
allowable value of deflection of timber bending member:受弯木构件挠度容许值
allowable value of deformation of steel member:钢构件变形容许值
allowable value of deformation of structural member:构件变形容许值
allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure:抗震结构层间位移角限值 amplified coefficient of eccentricity:偏心距增大系数
anchorage :锚具
anchorage length of steel bar:钢筋锚固长度
approval analysis during construction stage:施工阶段验算
arch :拱
arch with tie rod:拉捍拱
arch —shaped roof truss:拱形屋架
area of shear plane:剪面面积
area of transformed section:换算截面面积
aseismic design:建筑抗震设计
assembled monolithic concrete structure:装配整体式混凝土结构
automatic welding:自动焊接
auxiliary steel bar:架立钢筋
B
backfilling plate:垫板
balanced depth of compression zone:界限受压区高度
balanced eccentricity:界限偏心距
bar splice:钢筋接头
bark pocket:夹皮
batten plate:缀板
beam :次梁
bearing plane of notch:齿承压面(67)
bearing plate:支承板(52)
bearing stiffener:支承加劲肋(52)
bent-up steel bar:弯起钢筋(35)
block :砌块(43)
block masonry:砌块砌体(44)
block masonry structure:砌块砌体结构(41)
blow hole:气孔(62)
board :板材(65)
bolt :螺栓(54)
bolted connection:(钢结构) 螺栓连接(59)
bolted joint:(木结构) 螺栓连接(69)
bolted steel structure:螺栓连接钢结构(50)
bonded prestressed concrete structure:有粘结预应力混凝土结构(24)
bow :顺弯(71)
brake member:制动构件(7)
breadth of wall between windows:窗间墙宽度(46)
brick masonry:砖砌体(44)
brick masonry column:砖砌体柱(42)
brick masonry structure:砖砌体结构(41)
brick masonry wall:砖砌体墙(42)
broad —leaved wood:阔叶树材(65)
building structural materials:建筑结构材料(17)
building structural unit:建筑结构单元(
building structure:建筑结构(2
built —up steel column:格构式钢柱(51
bundled tube structure:成束筒结构(3
burn —through :烧穿(62
butt connection:对接(59
butt joint:对接(70)
butt weld:对接焊缝(60)
C
calculating area of compression member:受压构件计算面积(67)
calculating overturning point:计算倾覆点(46)
calculation of load-carrying capacity of member:构件承载能力计算(10)
camber of structural member:结构构件起拱(22)
cantilever beam :挑梁(42)
cap of reinforced concrete column:钢筋混凝土柱帽(27)
carbonation of concrete:混凝土碳化(30)
cast-in —situ concrete slab column structure :现浇板柱结构
cast-in —situ concrete structure:现浇混凝土结构(25)
cavitation :孔洞(39)
cavity wall:空斗墙(42)
cement :水泥(27)
cement content:水泥含量(38)
cement mortar:水泥砂浆(43)
characteriseic value of live load on floor or roof:楼面、屋面活荷载标准值(14)
characteristi cvalue o fwindload:风荷载标准值(16)
characteristic value of concrete compressive strength:混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值(30) characteristic value of concrete tensile strength:混凝土轴心抗拉标准值(30)
characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength:混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值(29) characteristic value of earthquake action:地震作用标准值(16)
characteristic value of horizontal crane load:吊车水平荷载标准值(15)
characteristic value of masonry strength:砌体强度标准值(44)
characteristic value of permanent action·:永久作用标准值(14)
characteristic value of snowload:雪荷载标准值(15)
characteristic value of strength of steel:钢材强度标准值(55)
characteristic value of strength of steel bar:钢筋强度标准值(31)
characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load:均布活标载标准值(14)
characteristic value of variable action:可变作用标准值(14)
characteristic value of vertical crane load:吊车竖向荷载标准值(15)
charaeteristic value of material strength:材料强度标准值(18)
checking section of log structural member·,:原木构件计算截面(67)
chimney :烟囱(3)
circular double—layer suspended cable:圆形双层悬索(6)
circular single—layer suspended cable:圆形单层悬索(6)
circumferential weld:环形焊缝(60)
classfication for earthquake—resistance of buildings·:建筑结构抗震设防类别(9)
clear height:净高(21)
clincher :扒钉(?0)
coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher(beam-column) :钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数(58)
cold bend inspection of steelbar:冷弯试验(39)
cold drawn bar:冷拉钢筋(28)
cold drawn wire:冷拉钢丝(29)
cold —formed thin—walled sectionsteel:冷弯薄壁型钢(53)
cold-formed thin-walled steel structure·‘:冷弯薄壁型钢结构(50)
cold —rolled deformed bar:冷轧带肋钢筋(28)
column bracing:柱间支撑(7)
combination value of live load on floor or roof:楼面、屋面活荷载组合值(15)
compaction :密实度(37)
compliance control:合格控制(23)
composite brick masonry member:组合砖砌体构件(42)
composite floor system:组合楼盖(8)
composite floor with profiled steel sheet:压型钢板楼板(8)
composite mortar:混合砂浆(43)
composite roof truss:组合屋架(8)
compostle member:组合构件(8)
compound stirrup:复合箍筋(36)
compression member with large eccentricity·:大偏心受压构件(32)
compression member with small eccentricity·:小偏心受压构件(32)
compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain:斜纹承压强度(66)
compressive strength perpendicular to grain:横纹承压强度(66)
concentration of plastic deformation:塑性变形集中(9)
conceptual earthquake—resistant design:建筑抗震概念设计(9)
concrete :混凝土(17)
concrete column:混凝土柱(26)
concrete consistence:混凝土稠度(37)
concrete floded—plate structure:混凝土折板结构(26)
concrete foundation:混凝土基础(27)
concrete mix ratio:混凝土配合比(38)
concrete wall:混凝土墙(27)
concrete-filled steel tubular member:钢管混凝土构件(8)
conifer :针叶树材(65)
coniferous wood:针叶树材(65)
connecting plate:连接板(52)
connection :连接(21)
connections of steel structure:钢结构连接(59)
connections of timber structure:木结构连接(68)
consistency of mortar:砂浆稠度(48)
constant cross—section column:等截面柱(7)
construction and examination concentrated load:施工和检修集中荷载(15)
continuous weld:连续焊缝(60)
core area of section:截面核芯面积(33)
core tube supported structure:核心筒悬挂结构(3)
corrosion of steel bar:钢筋锈蚀(39)
coupled wall:连肢墙(12)
coupler :连接器(37)
coupling wall—beam :连梁(12)
coupling wall—column... :墙肢(12)
coursing degree of mortar:砂浆分层度(48)
cover plate:盖板(52)
covered electrode:焊条(54)
crack :裂缝(?0)
crack resistance:抗裂度(31)
crack width:裂缝宽度(31)
crane girder:吊车梁(?)
crane load:吊车荷载(15)
creep of concrete:混凝土徐变(30)
crook :横弯(71)
cross beam:井字梁(6)
cup :翘弯
curved support:弧形支座(51)
cylindrical brick arch:砖筒拱(43)
D
decay :腐朽(71)
decay prevention of timber structure:木结构防腐(70)
defect in timber:木材缺陷(70)
deformation analysis:变形验算(10)
degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member·:结构构件垂直度(40)
degree of gravity vertical forwall surface:墙面垂直度(49)
degree of plainness for structural memer:构件平整度(40)
degree of plainness for wall surface:墙面平整度(49)
depth of compression zone:受压区高度(32)
depth of neutral axis:中和轴高度(32)
depth of notch:齿深(67)
design of building structures:建筑结构设计(8)
design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials:材料抗震强度设计值(1
design value of load—carrying capacity of members·:构件承载能力设计值(1
designations 0f steel:钢材牌号(53
designvalue of material strength:材料强度设计值(1
destructive test:破损试验(40
detailing reintorcement:构造配筋(35
detailing requirements:构造要求(22
diamonding :菱形变形(71)
diaphragm :横隔板(52
dimensional errors:尺寸偏差(39)
distribution factor of snow pressure:屋面积雪分布系数
dogspike :扒钉(70)
double component concrete column:双肢柱(26)
dowelled joint:销连接(69)
down-stayed composite beam:下撑式组合粱(8)
ductile frame:延性框架(2)
dynamic design:动态设计(8)
E
earthquake-resistant design:抗震设计(9:
earthquake-resistant detailing requirements:抗震构造要求(22)
effective area of fillet weld:角焊缝有效面积(57)
effective depth of section:截面有效高度(33)
effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt·:螺栓(或高强度螺栓) 有效直径(57) effective height:计算高度(21)
effective length:计算长度(21)
effective length of fillet weld:角焊缝有效计算长度(48)
effective length of nail:钉有效长度(56)
effective span:计算跨度(21)
effective supporting length at end of beam:梁端有效支承长度(46)
effective thickness of fillet weld:角焊缝有效厚度(48)
elastic analysis scheme:弹性方案(46)
elastic foundation beam:弹性地基梁(11)
elastic foundation plate:弹性地基板(12)
elastically supported continuous girder·:弹性支座连续梁(u)
elasticity modulus of materials:材料弹性模量(18)
elongation rate:伸长率(15)
embeded parts:预埋件(30)
enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials·:局部抗压强度提高系数(14) entrapped air:含气量(38)
equilibrium moisture content:平衡含水率(66)
equivalent slenderness ratio:换算长细比(57)
equivalent uniformly distributed live load·:等效均布活荷载(14)
etlectlve cross—section area of high-strength bolt·:高强度螺栓的有效截面积(58)
ettectlve cross—section area of bolt:螺栓有效截面面积(57)
euler ’s critical load:欧拉临界力(56)
euler ’s critical stress:欧拉临界应力(56)
excessive penetration:塌陷(62)
F
fiber concrete:纤维混凝仁(28)
filler plate:填板门2)
fillet weld:角焊缝(61)
final setting time:终凝时间()
finger joint:指接(69)
fired common brick:烧结普通砖(43)
fish eye:白点(62)
fish —belly beam:角腹式梁(7)
fissure :裂缝(?0)
flexible connection:柔性连接(22)
flexural rigidity of section:截面弯曲刚度(19)
flexural stiffness of member:构件抗弯刚度(20)
floor plate:楼板(6)
floor system:楼盖(6)
four sides(edges)supported plate:四边支承板(12)
frame structure:框架结构(2)
frame tube structure:单框筒结构(3)
frame tube structure:框架—简体结构(2)
frame with sidesway:有侧移框架(12)
frame without sidesway:无侧移框架(12)
frange plate:翼缘板(52)
friction coefficient of masonry:砌体摩擦系数(44)
full degree of mortar at bed joint:砂浆饱满度(48)
function of acceptance:验收函数(23)
G
gang nail plate joint:钉板连接()
glue used for structural timberg:木结构用胶
glued joint:胶合接头
glued laminated timber:层板胶合木(¨)
glued laminated timber structure:层板胶合结构‘61)
grider :主梁((㈠
grip :夹具
grith weld:环形焊缝(6÷))
groove :坡口
gusset plate:节点板(52)
H
hanger :吊环
hanging steel bar:吊筋
heartwood :心材
heat tempering bar:热处理钢筋(28)
height variation factor of wind pressure:风压高度变化系数(16)
heliral weld:螺旋形僻缝
high —strength bolt:高强度螺栓
high —strength bolt with large hexagon bea:大六角头高强度螺栓
high —strength bolted bearing type join:承压型高强度螺栓连接,
high —strength bolted connection:高强度螺栓连接
high —strength bolted friction—type joint:摩擦型高强度螺栓连接
high —strength holted steel slsteel structure:高强螺栓连接钢结构
hinge support:铰轴支座(51)
hinged connection:铰接(21)
hlngeless arch:无铰拱(12)
hollow brick:空心砖(43)
hollow ratio of masonry unit:块体空心率(46)
honeycomb :蜂窝(39)
hook :弯钩(37)
hoop :箍筋(36)
hot —rolled deformed bar:热轧带肋钢筋(28)
hot —rolled plain bar:热轧光圆钢筋(28)
hot-rolled section steel:热轧型钢(53)
hunched beam:加腋梁(?)
I
impact toughness:冲击韧性(18)
impermeability :抗渗性(38)
inclined section:斜截面(33)
inclined stirrup:斜向箍筋(36)
incomplete penetration:未焊透(61)
incomplete tusion:未溶合(61)
incompletely filled groove:未焊满(61)
indented wire:刻痕钢丝(29)
influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compression member:受压构件承载能力影响系数(46)
influence coefficient for spacial action :空间性能影响系数(46)
initial control:初步控制(22)
insect prevention of timber structure:木结构防虫(?o)
inspection for properties of glue used in structural member:结构用胶性能检验(71)
inspection for properties of masnory units:块体性能检验(48)
inspection for properties of mortar:砂浆性能检验(48)
inspection for properties of steelbar:钢筋性能检验(39)
integral prefabricated prestressed concrete slab—column structure:整体预应力板柱结构(25) intermediate stiffener:中间加劲肋(53)
intermittent weld:断续焊缝(60)
J
joint of reinforcement:钢筋接头(35)
K
key joint:键连接(69)
kinetic design:动态设计(8)
knot :节子(木节)(70)
L
laced of battened compression member:格构式钢柱(51)
lacing and batten elements:缀材(缀件)(51)
lacing bar:缀条(51)
lamellar tearing:层状撕裂(62)
lap connectlon:叠接(搭接)(59)
lapped length of steel bar:钢筋搭接长度(36)
large pannel concrete structure:混凝土大板结构(25)
large-form cocrete structure:大模板结构(26)
lateral bending:侧向弯曲(40)
lateral displacement stiffness of storey:楼层侧移刚度(20)
lateral displacement stiffness of structure·:结构侧移刚度(20)
lateral force resistant wallstructure:抗侧力墙体结构(12)
leg size of fillet weld:角焊缝焊脚尺寸(57)
length of shear plane:剪面长度(67)
lift —slab structure:升板结构(25)
light weight aggregate concrete:轻骨料混凝土(28)
limit of acceptance:验收界限(23)
limitimg value for local dimension of masonry structure·:砌体结构局部尺寸限值(47)
limiting value for sectional dimension:截面尺寸限值(47)
limiting value for supporting length:支承长度限值(47)
limiting value for total height of masonry structure·:砌体结构总高度限值(47)
linear expansion coeffcient:线膨胀系数(18)
lintel :过梁(7)
load bearing wall:承重墙(7)
load-carrying capacity per bolt:单个普通螺栓承载能力(56)
load —carrying capacity per high—strength holt:单个高强螺桂承载能力(56)
load —carrying capacity per rivet:单个铆钉承载能力(55)
log :原木(65)
log timberstructure:原木结构(64)
long term rigidity of member:构件长期刚度(32)
longitude horizontal bracing:纵向水平支撑(5)
longitudinal steel bar:纵向钢筋(35)
longitudinal stiffener:纵向加劲肋(53)
longitudinal weld:纵向焊缝(60)
losses of prestress:‘预应力损失(33)
lump material:块体(42)
M
main axis:强轴(56)
main beam·:主梁(6)
major axis:强轴(56)
manual welding:手工焊接(59)
manufacture control:生产控制(22)
map cracking:龟裂(39)
masonry :砌体(17)
masonry lintel:砖过梁(43)
masonry member:无筋砌体构件(41)
masonry units:块体(43)
masonry —concrete structure:砖混结构(¨)
masonry —timber structure:砖木结构(11)
mechanical properties of materials·:材料力学性能(17)
melt —thru :烧穿(62)
method of sampling:抽样方法(23)
minimum strength class of masonry:砌体材料最低强度等级(47)
minor axls·:弱轴(56)
mix ratio of mortar:砂浆配合比(48)
mixing water:拌合水(27)
modified coefficient for allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of masonry wall :砌体墙容许高厚比修正系数(47)
modified coefficient of flexural strength for timber curved mem—:弧形木构件抗弯强度修正系数(68)
modulus of elasticity of concrete:混凝土弹性模量(30)
modulus of elasticity parellel to grain:顺纹弹性模量(66)
moisture content:含水率(66)
moment modified factor:弯矩调幅系数
monitor frame:天窗架
mortar :砂浆
multi —defence system of earthquake—resistant building·:多道设防抗震建筑
multi —tube supported suspended structure:多筒悬挂结构
N
nailed joint:钉连接,
net height:净高l
net span:净跨度
net water/cementratio :净水灰比
non-destructive inspection of weld:焊缝无损检验
non-destructive test:非破损检验
non-load —bearingwall :非承重墙
non —uniform cross—section beam:变截面粱
non —uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement:纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数
normal concrete:普通混凝土
normal section:正截面
notch and tooth joint:齿连接
number of sampling:抽样数量
O
obligue section:斜截面
oblique —angle fillet weld:斜角角焊缝
one —way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab‘‘:单向板
open web roof truss:空腹屋架,
ordinary concrete:普通混凝土(28)
ordinary steel bar:普通钢筋(29)
orthogonal fillet weld:直角角焊缝(61)
outstanding width of flange:翼缘板外伸宽度(57)
outstanding width of stiffener:加劲肋外伸宽度(57)
over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·:钢梁整体稳定系数(58)
overlap :焊瘤(62)
overturning or slip resistance analysis :抗倾覆、滑移验算(10)
P
padding plate:垫板(52)
partial penetrated butt weld:不焊透对接焊缝(61)
partition :非承重墙(7)
penetrated butt weld:透焊对接焊缝(60)
percentage of reinforcement:配筋率(34)
perforated brick:多孔砖(43)
pilastered wall:带壁柱墙(42)
pit ·:凹坑(62)
pith :髓心(?o)
plain concrete structure:素混凝土结构(24)
plane hypothesis:平截面假定(32)
plane structure:平面结构(11)
plane trussed lattice grids:平面桁架系网架(5)
plank :板材(65)
plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section :截面塑性发展系数(58)
plastic design of steel structure:钢结构塑性设计(56)
plastic hinge·:塑性铰(13)
plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone:受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
(34)
plate —like space frame:干板型网架(5)
plate —like space truss:平板型网架(5)
plug weld:塞焊缝(60)
plywood :胶合板(65)
plywood structure:胶合板结构(64)
pockmark :麻面(39)
polygonal top-chord roof truss:多边形屋架(4)
post —tensioned prestressed concrete structure:后张法预应力混凝土结构(24)
precast reinforced concrete member:预制混凝土构件(26)
prefabricated concrete structure:装配式混凝土结构(25)
presetting time:初凝时间(38)
prestressed concrete structure:预应力混凝土结构(24)
prestressed steel structure:预应力钢结构(50)
prestressed tendon:预应力筋<>
pre —tensioned prestressed concrete structure·:先张法预应力混凝土结构(24)
primary control:初步控制(22)
production control:生产控制(22)
properties of fresh concrete:可塑混凝土性能(37)
properties of hardened concrete:硬化混凝土性能(38)
property of building structural materials:建筑结构材料性能(17)
purlin “—””—:檩条(4)
Q
qlue timber structurer:胶合木结构(㈠)
quality grade of structural timber:木材质量等级(?0)
quality grade of weld:焊缝质量级别(61)
quality inspection of bolted connection:螺栓连接质量检验(63)
quality inspection of masonry:砌体质量检验(48)
quality inspection of riveted connection:铆钉连接质量检验(63)
quasi —permanent value of live load on floor or roof,:楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值(15) R
radial check:辐裂(70)
ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section:轴压比(35) ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column:砌体墙柱高、厚比(48)
ratio of reinforcement:配筋率(34)
ratio of shear span to effective depth of section:剪跨比(35)
redistribution of internal force:内力重分布(13)
reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connection:螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(68)
reducing coefficient of liveload:活荷载折减系数(14)
reducing coefficient of shearing strength for notch and tooth connection:齿连接抗剪强度降低系数(68)
regular earthquake—resistant building:规则抗震建筑(9)
reinforced concrete deep beam:混凝土深梁(26)
reinforced concrete slender beam:混凝土浅梁(26)
reinforced concrete structure:钢筋混凝土结构(24)
reinforced masonry structure:配筋砌体结构(41)
reinforcement ratio:配筋率(34)
reinforcement ratio per unit volume:体积配筋率(35)
relaxation of prestressed tendon:预应筋松弛(31)
representative value of gravity load:重力荷载代表值(17)
resistance to abrasion:耐磨性(38)
resistance to freezing and thawing:抗冻融性(39)
resistance to water penetration·:抗渗性(38)
reveal of reinforcement:露筋(39)
right —angle filletweld:直角角焊缝(61)
rigid analysis scheme:刚性方案(45)
rigid connection:刚接(21)
rigid transverse wall:刚性横墙(42)
rigid zone:刚域(13)
rigid-elastic analysis scheme:刚弹性方案(45)
rigidity of section:截面刚度(19)
rigidly supported continous girder:刚性支座连续梁(11)
ring beam:圈梁(42)
rivet :铆钉(55)
riveted connecction:铆钉连接(60)
riveted steel beam:铆接钢梁(52)
riveted steel girder:铆接钢梁(52)
riveted steel structure:铆接钢结构(50)
rolle rsupport:滚轴支座(51)
rolled steel beam:轧制型钢梁(51)
roof board:屋面板(3)
roof bracing system:屋架支撑系统(4)
roof girder:屋面梁(4)
roof plate:屋面板(3)
roof slab:屋面板(3)
roof system:屋盖(3)
roof truss:屋架(4)
rot :腐朽(71)
round wire:光圆钢丝(29)
S
safety classes of building structures:建筑结构安全等级(9)
safetybolt :保险螺栓(69)
sapwood :边材(65)
sawn lumber+A610:方木(65)
sawn timber structure:方木结构(64)
saw-tooth joint failure:齿缝破坏(45)
scarf joint:斜搭接(70)
seamless steel pipe:无缝钢管(54)
seamless steel tube:无缝钢管(54)
second moment of area of tranformed section:换算截面惯性矩(34)
second order effect due to displacement:挠曲二阶效应(13)
secondary axis:弱轴(56)
secondary beam:次粱(6)
section modulus of transformed section:换算截面模量(34)
section steel:型钢(53)
semi-automatic welding:半自动焊接(59)
separated steel column:分离式钢柱(51)
setting time:凝结时间(38)
shake :环裂(70)
shaped steel:型钢(53)
shapefactorofwindload :风荷载体型系数(16)
shear plane:剪面(67)
shearing rigidity of section:截面剪变刚度(19)
shearing stiffness of member:构件抗剪刚度(20)
short stiffener:短加劲肋(53)
short term rigidity of member:构件短期刚度(31)
shrinkage :干缩(71)
shrinkage of concrete:混凝干收缩(30)
silos :贮仓(3)
skylight truss:天窗架(4)
slab :楼板(6)
slab —column structure:板柱结构(2)
slag inclusion:夹渣(61)
sloping grain:‘斜纹(70)
slump :坍落度(37)
snow reference pressure:基本雪压(16)
solid —web steel column:实腹式钢柱(
space structure:空间结构(11)
space suspended cable:悬索(5)
spacing of bars:钢筋间距(33)
spacing of rigid transverse wall:刚性横墙间距(46)
spacing of stirrup legs:箍筋肢距(33)
spacing of stirrups:箍筋间距(33)
specified concrete:特种混凝上(28)
spiral stirrup:螺旋箍筋(36)
spiral weld:螺旋形焊缝(60)
split ringjoint:裂环连接(69)
square pyramid space grids:四角锥体网架(5)
stability calculation:稳定计算(10)
stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression:轴心受压构件稳定系数<13) stair="">13)>
static analysis scheme of building:房屋静力汁算方案(45)
static design:房屋静力汁算方案(45)
statically determinate structure:静定结构(11)
statically indeterminate structure:超静定结构(11)
sted :钢材(17)
steel bar:钢筋(28)
steel column component:钢柱分肢(51)
steel columnbase:钢柱脚(51)
steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·:钢纤维混凝土结构(26)
steel hanger:吊筋(37)
steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member:方格网配筋砖砌体构件(41)
steel pipe:钢管(54)
steel plate:钢板(53)
steel plateelement:钢板件(52)
steel strip:钢带(53)
steel support:钢支座(51)
steel tie:拉结钢筋(36)
steel tie bar for masonry:砌体拉结钢筋(47)
steel tube:钢管(54)
steel tubular structure:钢管结构(50)
steel wire:钢丝(28)
stepped column:阶形柱(7)
stiffener :加劲肋(52)
stiffness of structural member:构件刚度(19)
stiffness of transverse wall:横墙刚度(45)
stirrup :箍筋(36)
stone :石材(44)
stone masonry:石砌体(44)
stone masonry structure:石砌体结构(41)
storev height:层高(21)
straight —line joint failure:通缝破坏(45)
straightness of structural member:构件乎直度(71)
strand :钢绞线(2,)
strength classes of masonry units:块体强度等级(44)
strength classes of mortar:砂浆强度等级(44)
strength classes of structural steel:钢材强度等级(55)
strength classes of structural timber:木材强度等级(66)
strength classes(grades) of concrete:混凝土强度等级(29)
strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon:预应力筋强度等级(30)
strength classes(grades) of steel bar :普通钢筋强度等级(30)
strength of structural timber parallel to grain:木材顺纹强度(66)
strongaxis :强轴(56)
structural system composed of bar:”杆系结构(11)
structural system composed of plate:板系结构(12)
structural wall:结构墙(7)
superposed reinforced concrete flexural member:叠合式混凝土受弯构件(26) suspended crossed cable net:双向正交索网结构(6)
suspended structure:悬挂结构(3)
swirl grain:涡纹(?1)
T
tensile(compressive) rigidity of section:截面拉伸(压缩) 刚度(19)
tensile(compressive) stiffness of member:构件抗拉(抗压) 刚度(20)
tensile(ultimate) strength of steel:钢材(钢筋) 抗拉(极限) 强度(18)
test for properties of concrete structural members:构件性能检验(40):
thickness of concrete cover:混凝土保护层厚度(33)
thickness of mortarat bed joint:水平灰缝厚度(49)
thin shell:薄壳(6)
three hinged arch:三铰拱(n)
tie bar:拉结钢筋(36)
tie beam, ‘:系梁(22)
tie tod:系杆(5)
tied framework:绑扎骨架(35)
timber :木材(17)
timber roof truss:木屋架(64)
tor-shear type high-strength bolt:扭剪型高强度螺栓(54)
torsional rigidity of section:截面扭转刚度(19)
torsional stiffness of member:构件抗扭刚度(20)
total breadth of structure:结构总宽度(21)
total height of structure:结构总高度(21)
total length of structure:结构总长度(21)
transmission length of prestress:预应力传递长度(36)
transverse horizontal bracing:横向水平支撑(4)
transverse stiffener·:横向加劲肋(53)
transverse weld:横向焊缝(60)
transversely distributed steelbar:横向分布钢筋(36)
trapezoid roof truss:梯形屋架(4)
triangular pyramid space grids:三角锥体网架(5)
triangular roof truss:三角形屋架(4)
trussed arch:椽架(64)
trussed rafter:桁架拱(5)
tube in tube structure:筒中筒结构(3)
tube structure:简体结构(2)
twist :扭弯(71)
two hinged arch:双铰拱(11)
two sides(edges) supported plate:两边支承板(12)
two —way reinforced (or prestressed) concrete slab:混凝土双向板(27)
U
ultimate compressive strain of concrete’”:混凝土极限压应变(31)
unbonded prestressed concrete structure:无粘结预应力混凝土结构(25)
undercut :咬边(62)
uniform cross—section beam:等截面粱(6)
unseasoned timber:湿材(65)
upper flexible and lower rigid complex multistorey building·:上柔下刚多层房屋(45) upper rigid lower flexible complex multistorey building·:上刚下柔多层房屋(45) Vvalue of decompression prestress :预应力筋消压预应力值(33)
value of effective prestress:预应筋有效预应力值(33)
verification of serviceability limit states· ”:正常使用极限状态验证(10) verification of ultimate limit states :承载能极限状态验证(10)
vertical bracing:竖向支撑(5)
vierendal roof truss:空腹屋架(4)
visual examination of structural member:构件外观检查(39)
visual examination of structural steel member:钢构件外观检查(63)
visual examination of weld:焊缝外观检查(62)
W
wall beam:墙梁(42)
wall frame:壁式框架(门)
wall —slab structure:墙板结构(2)
warping :翘曲(40),(71)
warping rigidity of section:截面翘曲刚度(19)
water retentivity of mortar:砂浆保水性(48)
water tower:水塔(3)
water /cement ratio·:水灰比(3g)
weak axis·:弱轴(56)
weak region of earthquake—resistant building:抗震建筑薄弱部位(9) web plate:腹板(52)
weld :焊缝(6[))
weld crack:焊接裂纹(62)
weld defects:焊接缺陷(61)
weld roof:焊根(61)
weld toe:焊趾(61)
weldability of steel bar:钢筋可焊性(39)
welded framework:焊接骨架()
welded steel beam:焊接钢梁(
welded steel girder:焊接钢梁(52)
welded steel pipe:焊接钢管(54)
welded steel strueture:焊接钢结构(50)
welding connection·:焊缝连接(59)
welding flux:焊剂(54)
welding rod:焊条(54)
welding wire:焊丝(54)
wind fluttering factor:风振系数(16)
wind reference pressure:基本风压(16)
wind —resistant column:抗风柱(?)
wood roof decking:屋面木基层(64)
Y
yield strength (yield point) of steel:钢材(钢筋) 屈服强度(屈服点)
范文四:建筑电气英文翻译
辽宁工 业
大学
毕业设计(论文)
开题报告
题目
院(系) 电气工程及其自动化 专业班
学生姓名
学 号
指导教师
开题日期:2016 年 3 月 12 日
(注)开题报告要点:1、毕业设计(论文)题目的来源,理论或实际应用意义。2、题目主要内容及预期达到的目标。
3、拟采用哪些方法及手段。4、完成题目所需要的实验或实习条件。5、完成题目的工作计划等。
(开题报告不够用时可另附同格式A4纸)
1
2
4
5
开 题 须 知
一、学生要认真填写开题报告。在毕业设计(论文)答辩时学生须向答辩委员会(或答辩小组)提交开题报告,作为答辩评分的参考材料,没有开题报告不能参加答辩。如果丢失要及时办理补交手续。学生毕业后,开题报告与学生毕业设计(论文)一并存档备案。
二、毕业设计(论文)题目一经确定,指导教师要给学生下达毕业设计(论文)任务书,学生根据任务书的要求进行开题,一般安排在毕业设计(论文)正式开始的第二周至第三周进行。
三、开题报告的审查由各专业教研室主持,每个学生的报告时间为10—15分钟。开题通过后学生才能正式获得毕业设计(论文)的资格。
四、学生要充分理解毕业设计(论文)题目的内容和要求,在指导教师的指导下制定切实可行的工作计划,并且要具备进行毕业设计(论文)所要求的实验或实习(调研)条件。
五、学生要按照指导教师所下达的毕业设计(论文)任务书的要求,认真进行文献资料的检索、搜集和查阅,并做好记录。
六、开题审查不合格的学生,必须在一周内重新进行开题。
范文五:建筑类英文翻译
英语翻译1
外文原文出处: Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering, 1, Volume 10, Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting, Pages 329-342
补充垂直支撑对建筑物抗震加固
摘要:大量的钢筋混凝土建筑物在整个世界地震活跃地区有共同的缺陷。弱柱,在一个或多个事故中,由于横向变形而失去垂直承载力。这篇文章提出一个策略关于补充安装垂直支撑来防止房子的倒塌。这个策略是使用在一个风险的角度上来研究最近实际可行的性能。混凝土柱、动力失稳的影响、
多样循环冗余的影响降低了建筑系统和
组件的强度。比如用建筑物来说明这个
策略的可行性。
1、背景的介绍:
建筑受地震震动,有可能达到一定程
度上的动力失稳,因为从理论上说侧面
上有无限的位移。许多建筑物,然而,
在较低的震动强度下就失去竖向荷载的支撑,这就是横向力不稳定的原因(见图16.1) 。提出了这策略的目的是为了确定建筑物
很可能马上在竖向荷载作用下而倒塌,
通过补充一些垂直支撑来提高建筑物的
安全。维护竖向荷载支撑的能力,来改
变水平力稳定临界失稳的机理,重视可
能出现微小的侧向位移(见图16.2) 。
在过去的经验表明,世界各地的地
震最容易受到破坏的是一些无筋的混凝
土框架结构建筑物。这经常是由于一些
无关紧要的漏洞,引起的全部或一大块地方发生破坏,比如整根梁、柱子和板。去填实上表面来抑制框架的内力,易受影响的底层去吸收大部分的内力和冲力。
这有几种过去被用过的方法可供选择来实施:
1、加密上层结构,可以拆卸和更换一些硬度不够强的材料。
2、加密上层结构,可以隔离一些安装接头上的裂缝,从而阻止对框架结构的影响。
3、底楼,或者地板,可以增加结构新墙。这些措施(项目1、2和3) 能有效降低自重,这韧性能满足于一层或多层。然而,所有这些都有困难和干扰。在美国,这些不寻常的代价换来的是超过一半更有价值的建筑。
4、在一些容易受到破坏的柱子裹上钢铁、混凝土、玻璃纤维、或碳纤维。
第四个选项可以增加柱子的强度和延性,这足以降低柱子受到破坏的风险在大多数的建筑物中。这个方案虽然成本比前面低,但是整体性能也会降低,对比较弱的地板破坏会更加集中。加强柱子的强度在美国很流行,但它的成本依旧是很高的。在发展中国家,这些先进的技术对某些种类的加料或加强,还不能够做到随心所欲。
这个程序的提出包含了另一个选择,美国已经运用这个选择用来降低房子倒塌的风险。这个方法是增加垂直支撑,来防止建筑在瞬间竖向荷载作用下就倒塌(见图16.3) 。这是为支撑转移做准备的,当
柱子被剪切破坏和剪切衰弱
时。这个补充支撑通常是钢结
构、管道支撑或木材支撑。他
们通常安装在单独的柱子上,
但(图16.3) 钢柱也可以被放置
在能承担的水平框架上。这种
技术能有效的降低自重,从而
降低了建筑在瞬间竖向荷载
下就遭到破坏。在水平方向的
强烈震动,产生的不稳定大概很少被想到。补充的安装垂直技撑相对比较便宜。一些有用的空间可能通过安装支撑被影响,可是这是一些微不足道的比较。在美国为建筑安装一些补充支撑现在非常流行。
英文原文1 Supplemental Vertical Support as a Means for Seismic Retrofit of
Buildings
Craig D. Comartin
Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering, 1, Volume 10, Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting, Pages 329-342
Abstract A large number of
concrete buildings in seismically
active areas throughout the world
exhibit a common deficiency.
Weak columns, in one or more
stories, lose vertical load-carrying
capacity as a result of lateral
distortion. This chapter presents a
conceptual strategy for retrofit
comprising the installation of
supplemental vertical supports to
prevent collapse. This procedure utilizes a risk-based perspective based on recent research on the realistic capacity of concrete columns, dynamic instability, and the effects of in-cycle degradation of strength in building systems and components. An example building is used to
illustrate the application of the concept.
1 Introduction and Background
Buildings subject to earthquake shaking have a potential to reach a point of dynamic instability at which they collapse due to theoretically unlimited lateral displacement.
Many buildings, however, lose the ability to support vertical loads and collapse at smaller levels of shaking intensity than that which would otherwise cause lateral dynamic instability (see Fig. 16.1). The procedures proposed here are intended
to identify buildings prone to preemptive vertical load collapse and improve their safety by the installation of supplemental vertical supports. Maintaining the capability to support vertical loads changes the critical collapse mechanism to lateral dynamic stability which occurs at larger and less probable
lateral displacements (see Fig.
16.2).
Experience in past
earthquakes around the world
indicates that concrete frames
infilled with unreinforced masonry
(URM) have been particularly
prone to collapse. This most often
is due to a weak first story caused
by the omission of all or a substantial portion of the infill to allow for retail, parking, or other uses conducive toopen spaces. The infill in upper stories restrains frame action and forces the flexible lower floor to absorb most of the energy demand and drift.
There are several alternatives for retrofit strategy that have been implemented in the past:
1. The infill on upper floors could be removed and replaced with less stiff and less strong materials.
2. The infill on upper floors could be isolated from the structure by installing joints with gaps to prevent interaction with the frame.
3. The lower floor, or floors, could be strengthened with new structural walls。These Measures (Items 1, 2, and 3) are effective in reducing the ductility demand in the weak story or stories. However, all of them are costly and intrusive. In the US, it is not unusual for the costs of these types of retrofit to exceed half of the replacement value of the building.
4. Wrap the columns in the weak story with jackets of steel, concrete, fiberglass, or
carbon fiber.
The fourth option can increase both the strength and ductility of the columns enough to reduce the collapse risk for most buildings. The cost is somewhat less than for the first three alternatives; however the overall performance would also be less with more damage focused in the weak floor. Column jacketing is popular in the US, but the costs can still be high. In developing countries, the advanced technologies for some types of jackets may not be readily available.
The procedure proposed here
incorporates another alternative
that has been used in the US to
reduce collapse risk. This strategy
is to provide supplemental vertical
supports designed to prevent
preemptive vertical load collapse
(see Fig. 16.3). These are intended
to support loads that are transferred from shear critical columns as they are damaged and begin to fail. The supplemental supports are typically steel shapes, pipe shoring, or timber shores. They are often installed near individual columns, but also can be placed beneath capable horizontal framing. This technique is effective in reducing collapse risk by avoiding the preemptive vertical collapse mode 。The intensity of shaking required for lateral dynamic instability is generally higher and less likely to occur. The installation of supplemental vertical supports is relatively inexpensive. The functional use of the spaces may be affected by the installation, but often this is minor compared to other alternatives. Installations in the US have been made for a very small percentage of the replacement costs for the building.
英文翻译2
外文原文出处:
NA TO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009, Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data, Pages 147-149
动力性能对建筑物的破坏
引言:建筑物在地震的作用下,和一些薄弱的建筑结构中,动力学性能扮演了一个很重要的角色。特别是要满足最基本的震动周期,无论是在设计的新建筑,或者是评估已经有的建筑,使他们可以了解地震的影响。
许多标准(例如:欧标,2003;欧标,2006) ,建议用简单的表达式来表达一个建筑物的高度和他的基本周期。这样的表达式被牢记在心,得出标定设计(高尔和乔谱拉人,1997) ,从而人为的低估了标准周期。因为这个原因,他们通常提供比较低的设计标准当与那些把设计基础标准牢记在心的人(例:乔普拉本和高尔,2000) 。当后者从已进行仔细建立的数字模型中得到数值(例:克劳利普和皮诺,2004;普里斯特利权威,2007) 。当数字估计与周围震动测量的实验结果相比较,有大的差异,提供非常低的周期标准(例:纳瓦洛苏达权威,2004) 。一个概述不同的方式比较确切的结果刊登在马西和马里奥(2008);另外,一个高级的表达式来指定更有说服力的坚固建筑类型,提出了更加准确的结构参数表(建筑高度,开裂,空隙填实,等等) 。
联系基础和上层建筑的震动周期可能发生共振的效果。这个原因对于他们的振动,可能建筑物和土地在非线性运动下受到到破坏,这个必须被重视。通常,结构工程师和岩土工程师有不同的观点在共振作用和一些变化的地震活动。结构工程师们认为尽管建筑物和土壤的自振周期和地震周期都非常的接近。但对于建筑物周期而言,到底是因为结构还是非结构造成的破坏提出了疑问。如果加大振动,建筑物减轻自身的重量对共振产生的破坏有很大的减轻效果。岩土工程的工程师们还没有完全同意这个观点,因为土壤可以提高自身的振动周期,与建筑物有相同的振动周期,从而建立了产生共振的条件。这个问题的处理在于这个增加量到底是多少?一般来说这种答案是不可能的,因为它取
决于建筑类型和土壤类型。例如,一些普通的混凝土建筑物,对这建筑物增加一个非常大的震动周期,可以知道在平常的振动下就会迅速的遭到破坏,尤其是那些砌体建筑,比如,马雪凯利建筑(2004)和克劳福建筑(2006)。
最后,估计在改装或者加固后参数表数字的变化,通过计算机计算来改变标准的振动周期,阻尼因数和振动波形。这可以是一个非常好的评估工具对于存在的一些干扰(法拉斯等,2008) 。这种效果也可以作为一种诊断工具,对周围的振动测量很有帮助(布丁和汉斯,2008) 。
对以上问题的进一步研究,强烈要求建立更加宽广的原地实验或者是实验室实验,得出实验结果来估算。用一个经济实用的方式,来营造动态特性。
英文原文2
Role of Dynamic Properties on Building Vulnerability
NA TO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009,
Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data, Pages 147-149
Introduction
Dynamic properties have a major role on the seismic behavior and vulnerability of building structures. Particularly, fundamental periods of vibration are needed, both in design of new buildings and in assessment of existing ones, so that their seismic response can be evaluated.
Several codes (e.g. CEN, 2003; NZSEE, 2006) recommend empirical simplified expressions between the height of a building type and its fundamental period. Such
expressions were calibrated keeping in mind a force-based design (Goel and Chopra, 1997), thus intentionally aim at underestimating period values. For this reason they usually provide rather low values when compared to those ones obtained keeping in mind a
displacement-based design (see e.g. Chopra and Goel, 2000), also when the latter were
obtained from numerical simulations performed on carefully set up models (see e.g. Crowley and Pinho, 2004; Priestley et al., 2007). Even larger differences appear when numerical
estimates are compared to experimental results based on ambient vibration measurements that provide very low period values (see e.g. Navarro et al., 2004). An overview of the different approaches together with a comparison of the relevant results is reported in Masi and Vona (2008); further, period-height expressions for some reinforced concrete building types are given, where the role of important structural characteristics (building height, cracking, masonry infills, elevation irregularities, etc.) is carefully taken into account.
Coupling between soil and building fundamental periods of vibration may cause resonance effects. For this reason also their variation, as a consequence of possible building damage and/or soil non linear behavior during the motion, needs to be considered. Typically, structural and geotechnical engineers have different points of view about resonance effect and its variation during a seismic motion. Structural engineers say that whereas building and soil
have initially close periods and an earthquake occurs, the building period, as a result of structural and non structural damage, is expected to increase during the motion, so that the building “hides” itself reducing the heaviest effects of resonance. Geotechnical engineers do not completely agree with this opinion saying that also the soil period can shift towards higher values, that is in the same direction of the building one, thus the resonance condition could arise again. The question to be dealt with is: how much is the relative amount of that increase?
A general answer is not possible, as it depends on building and soil type. For example, in case of reinforced concrete buildings with masonry infill, a very large increase of the building period can be expected with the level of shaking due to cracking of structural members and, particularly, of brittle masonry infill, see e.g. Mucciarelli et al. (2004), Calvi et al. (2006).
Finally, estimating the variation of the dynamic characteristics after retrofitting or
strengthening interventions, by computing the modified values of fundamental periods,
damping factors and mode shapes, can be a practical tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention (Farsi et al., 2008). To this purpose and also as a diagnosis tool, ambient vibration measurements can be very helpful (Boutin and Hans, 2008).
All the above questions strongly require that further studies as well wide in-situ and laboratory experimental campaigns are carried out to set up procedures able to evaluate, in a reliable as well not expensive way, building dynamic properties.