范文一:if引导的状语从句
“ 主将从现 ” 和表事实时用现在时零碎用法
if 条件句不一般 , 几个要点记心间 ;
条件句 , 放在前 , 逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;
条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中, 如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产 生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。如:
We can walk there if we can't find a bus .
If it rains tomorrow , we will not go to the zoo.
What will you do if you find a panda in danger.
如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件, 则主从句大多用 一般现在时态。如:
If bears are in danger ,they attack people.
注意 :
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中, if 和条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首,
从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。
还要注意前后时态一致原则
我们知道 , 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是 if, 由 if 引导的条件状语从句表 示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如 :
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙 , 他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格 , 你 会让他失望的。
另外 ,if 从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件 , 也就是一种 虚拟的条件或假设 , 从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如 :
If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你 , 我会邀请 他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果没有堵车 , 我会到的早一点儿。
那么 , 除了 if 之外 , 是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢 ? 回答是肯 定的 , 不仅有 , 还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小 , 且用法较复杂一些 , 所以不 如 if 为大家所熟知罢了。 下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 1. unless conj.除非 , 若不 , 除非在 …… 的时候
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你 不早点动身 , 你就不能及时赶到那儿。
Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨 , 比赛将照常进行。 2. on condition(that)...在 …… 条件下 , 如果
on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一 条件。
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. 我可以告诉你真相 , 条件是你答应保守秘密。
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3. supposing conj.如果 , 假如
supposing 引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。
Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨 , 我们的运动会还要继续举行吗 ?
Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么问题 , 你准备怎么对付 ?
4. provided conj.假如 , 除非 , 以 …… 为条件
provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件。
He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件 , 他就会在合同上签字。
He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见 , 他就不会在会上反对我 们。
从上述例句可以看出 if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided 等词引导的条件状语从句 , 主从句条件关系分明 , 结构清晰。但有些句 子 , 虽没有含条件关系的连词 , 却也隐含着条件关系 , 这些句子常用一些词 , 如 but for, without 等引出一个介词结构来表示条件 , 条件常常是虚拟的 , 或与事实相 反的假设。如 :
but for若非 , 要不是
But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨 , 我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。
But for your help,we should not have finished in time.要不是你帮 忙 , 我们肯定不能及时完成任务。
重点 2 -if 句
上个学期, 我们曾经学过由 if 引导的句子, 你还记得吗?对了, “ I’ll not go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow. ( 假如明天下雨,我就不去动物园。 ) You can come to the party if you don’t wear jeans.(如果你不穿牛仔裤,你就能 来舞会。) ” 这个学期又在本单元见到了似曾相识的同样由 if 引导的句子,比 如:“If I won the lottery, I would give it to medical research. (假如 我赢了彩票的话,我就捐给医学研究。) If I were you, I would wear jeans and T-shirt.(如果我是你,我就穿牛仔裤和 T 恤。) ”
这两个单元学到的句子都是由 if 引导的。那么,它们有什么区别呢?
分两种情况:
1. something may possible happen
某事发生的可能性较大。
这种情况,有个十三字口诀:“ 主将从现,主过将从过,主现从现 ” 。即主句是一 般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时;当主 句中有 can/can’t 的话,则从句用一般现在时。例如:
If he has time, he will come tomorrow.
If she finishes early, she can come back early.
If you don’t do homework, the teacher will scold you.
think of
1.
想到
,
考虑
;
2.
想起来
,
记起
;
想出来;
3.
关心;
think about
考虑,思考
(
一般是短时间的较仔细的考虑
)
think about
和
think of
这两个短语表示 “ 考虑 ”
、
“ 对 ?? 有某种看法 ” 时,可以互换。例如: Don't think of
(
about
)
me any more
.不要再考虑我。
They're thinking about
(
of
)
buying a new car
.他们正在考虑买一辆新车。
What do you think of
(
about
)
the film
?你认为那部影片怎么样?
think of
表示下列意义时,一般不和
think about
换用:
①想要;打算。例如:
Helen
,
are you thinking of marrying Tom ?海伦,你打算和汤姆结婚吗?
②想出;想到。例如:
Who thought of the idea
?谁想出的这个主意?
③关心;想着。例如:
Lei Feng was always thinking of others .雷锋总是为别人着想。
④想起;记得。例如:
I can't think of his name
.我想不起他的名字。
think about
表示 “ 回想过去的事情 ”
、
“ 考虑某计划是否切实可行 ” 时,一般不和 think of
换
用。例如:
I often thought about what you said .我常常想到你说过的话。
I'll think about your suggestion, and give you an answer tomorrow .我要考虑一下你的建议,
明天给你答复。
范文二:状语从句的翻译
状语从句包括时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句等。
状语从句的翻译应注意以下几点:
1. 语序处理
在多数情况下,翻译状语从句,仍然可以遵循原文的语序。例如:
1)When the book finally on sale at 12:01 a.m. Saturday, thousands of children in Britain and North America rushed to claim their copies.
当这本书终于在星期六12:01面市时, 在英国和北美,成千上万的孩子争相购买。
但是,有时候,翻译状语从句,可以将其位置前移。例如:
1)These cases do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.
这些例子并不能说明,如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。
2. 转换译法
还有一些情况下,根据上下文的需要,在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句,使译文更符合汉语习惯。例如:
1)We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
如果没有相关当局的批准,我们就不能开始这项工作。
2)Skill and patience will success where force fails.
在蛮力做不到的时候,技巧和耐心往往会使得人成功的。
范文三:状语从句的省略
状语从句的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则:
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
① 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词
如:Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
②连词( though, whether , when)+形容词
如:Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。
③连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语
如:He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
④连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词
如:While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
⑤ 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词
如:The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多
⑥ 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式
如:Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak .奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。
(2)当从句的主语是 it ,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ,可以把it 和系动词be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如:Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。
各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下:
一、时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时,就开始学习弹钢琴。
While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他,一个奇怪但有能力的学生。
When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后,来个电报。
Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前,请关闭所有的灯。
Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。
Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。
You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结
果。
注:as 在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
二、地点状语从句中的省略
地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构:where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary, Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。
Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。
三、条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是:if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如:
Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了,请送过来。 He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来,他就来。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能,朝我家里打电话。
Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧. 。
If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的,这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。
You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动,除非叫你动。
四、让步状语从句中的省略
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人,尽管有时有点无聊。
Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去,我都不想听如此坏的报告。
五、比较状语从句中的省略
She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。 She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.
范文四:状语从句的省略
状语从句的省略
一、五种状语从句常简化:
① if, unless条件状语从句;
② when, while, as, before, after, until / till时间状语从句; ③ although, though, even if / though让步状语从句;
④ as, as if方式状语从句;
⑤ as, than比较状语从句。
二、状语从句省略的两个条件:
① 主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it
②
从句谓语动词含有be的某种形式。
e.g.
条件:He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible.
时间:When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
比较:I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
三、状语从句省略后的形式
1)从句主语为it的从句:
条件:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
让步:You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
2)主句和从句的主语一致
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完整的句子,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. =The meeting over, ……
范文五:状语从句的省略
状语从句中的省略用法
江苏 王立松
在英语学习过程中,我们经常遇到状语从句中的省略用法,它是一种简洁、精练、地道的文字表达形式,也是值得关注的一个高考考点。例如:
1. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. ( NMET 2002 )
A. began B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
2. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
状语从句中的省略用法现总结如下:
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式( am/ is / are / was /were ),可同时省略从句的主语和 be 动词的某种形式。
1. when, while 引导的时间状语从句。例如:
( 1 ) Do be careful when ( you are ) crossing the street.
过马路时一定要小心。
( 2 ) When ( it is ) heated to 100 ℃ , water will turn into vapor. 水加热到 100 摄氏度就会变成蒸气。
( 3 ) When / While ( I was ) on my way to work, I met her.
在上班的路上我遇见了她。
2. if, unless, once 引导的条件状语从句。例如:
( 1 ) If ( it is ) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. 如果废物妥善处理,就不会对环境有危害。
( 2 ) The price, if ( it is ) a little higher than last year's, is still rather reasonable.
价格即使比去年稍高,但仍然相当合理。
( 3 ) I'll not go to the party unless ( I am ) invited.
如果不邀请我,我就不参加那个晚会。
( 4 ) Unless ( he is ) in uniform, he doesn't look like a policeman. 如果不穿制服,他看上去就不像警察。
( 5 ) Once ( you are ) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be published. 在超市偷东西一旦被抓住,你就会受处罚。
3. though, although, whether, no matter whether / what / how / who 等引导的让步状语从句。例如:
( 1 ) Though / Although ( he was ) blamed for his mistake, the boy didn't seem to be angry.
尽管那个男孩受到批评,但他似乎并没有生气。
( 2 ) He was happy, though / although ( he was ) poor.
他虽穷,却很幸福。
( 3 ) Whether ( she is ) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
无论是生病还是健康,她总是高高兴兴的。
( 4 ) Anyone, no matter who / whoever ( he is ) , may point out our shortcomings. 无论是什么人给我们指出我们的缺点都行。
( 5 ) No matter how / However hard the task ( is ) , we must fulfill it in time.
不管任务多艰巨,我们都必须按时完成它。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式)
( 6 ) The government of China has decided to develop western China, no matter what / whatever the difficulties ( may be ) .
中国政府决心开发西部地区,不管有多少困难。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式)
4. as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句。
( 1 ) He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if / though ( he were ) waking up after a long sleep.
他又揉眼睛又打哈欠,好像刚睡了一大觉似的。
( 2 ) He stood up as if / though ( he wanted ) to leave.
他站起来好像要离开。(注意: as if / though + to do 表示一个将来的动作) ( 3 ) Jim hurriedly left the room as if / though ( he was ) angry. Jim 匆忙离开了时间,好像生气了。
二、 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语( be 动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较的部分。
( 1 ) He is taller than his brother ( is ) .
他比他的兄弟长得高。
( 2 ) The population of China is larger than that of America ( is ) . 中国人口比美国人口多。
( 3 ) You hate him as much as I ( hate him ) .
我和你一样恨他。
( 4 ) Those villagers listened as carefully as the pupils.
那些村民和小学生们听得一样认真。
( 5 ) My mother is much better now than ( she was ) when I wrote to you last week.
我母亲现在比我上周写信给你的时候好多了。
( 6 ) I have as much confidence in you as ( I have confidence ) in him. 我对你和对他一样信任。
( 7 ) I know you better than ( I know ) her.
我对你比对她更了解。
三、以 if 从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了 it is, that is, there is / are 。例如:
( 1 ) If ( it /is ) possible / necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. 如果可能 / 必要的话,将重修这座古庙。
( 2 ) If ( that is ) so, I will call you back at 5:00 p.m..
倘若如此,我下午 5 : 00 回电话给你。
( 3 ) There are only a few books in our school library, if ( there are ) any. 我们学校图书馆有书,但不多。
( 4 ) We are told that he won't come tonight; if not ( if he won't come tonight ) there aren't be any meeting tomorrow.
我们被告知他今晚不来了。如果他今晚不来,明天就无法开会了。
( 5 ) Seldom, if at all, ( if he goes to the city at all ) does he go to the city.
即使他进城,但那也是偶尔的。
( 6 ) Many roof sections were replaced with new ones where ( it is ) necessary. 屋顶上很多需要修补的地方都换成了新的。
四、 as 引导的方式状语从句,其省略用法较复杂,因具体情况而定。例如:
( 1 ) You should do the experiments as ( you are ) told to. ( do the experiments )你应该按你听到的那样做实验。
( 2 ) As ( it is the case ) in China, the weather is different from area to area in Canada.
同中国一样,加拿大的气候因地区的不同而不同。
( 3 ) In 1939, as ( it is the case ) in 1914, there started a terrible killing of man.
1939 年,正如 1914 年那样,开始了一场人类之间可怕的屠杀。
( 4 ) As ( it is the same ) with driving a car, we should be careful while riding a bicycle.
像开车一样,我们骑车也应该小心。