法国就是培根
范文一：unit 1新编英语教程第三版 第二册
Unit 1 Language Structures
Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence
1.
e.g. The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in.
2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object
e.g. She isn’t paid anything for overtime.
3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb
e.g. I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap. e.g. They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded.
Language Points:
1. scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠 , 搔 (痒处) ; to make or remove a mark刮出 (或刮去) 痕迹 ; (sb./sth.) (from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取 消,撤销,退出
e.g. 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
4)His pen scratched away on the paper.
5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划
6)She has scratched because of a knee injury.
2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝,顶回(提议、建议或提议人) ; to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低;关小 e.g.1)He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.
3)Please turn the volume down. 音量调低。
3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视,轻视,瞧不 起
e.g . She looks down on people who haven’t
been to college.
look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量,挑剔 地审视某人
(not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样 好
e.g. You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.
Dialogue The Olympic Games
A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on the dialogue
1. Where did the ancient Olympic Games originate?
2. Who participated in the ancient Olympic Games?
3. What is one of the most popular myths about the origin of the Olympic Games?
4. When were the Olympic Games abolished?
5. Was Pierre’ s attempt of reviving the Games warmly welcomed by the people?
C . L anguage Points
1. originate v. begin to happen or exist开始,发源 ; be the creator of 创始 originate in/ from/with… 起源于…;产生于…
e.g.
3) It’ s said thatthe theory of evolution was not originated by Darwin.
2. shroud v. wrap with a shroud以尸布包裹 ; cover or hide sth. 覆盖;遮蔽 n. a cloth used for wrapping a dead body尸布;寿衣 ; sth. that covers or hides 覆盖物 , 遮盖物
e.g. 1) The origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery.
2) Traditionally Arabian women have to shroud themselves in a veil when they are outside.
3) The mountain was wrapped in a shroud of cloud.
a shroud of fog/ mist 一片浓雾
be shrouded in darkness 笼罩在黑暗之中
3. progenitor n. (formal) 人或动植物的祖先,祖代;创始人,先驱
e.g. 1) He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.他是一个著名演艺 世家的先辈。
2) the progenitors of modern art
4.zenith n. 天顶 ; the highest point (of power, prosperity, etc.); the time when sth. is most successful(权力、繁荣等的 ) 顶点;巅峰
e.g. 1) The sun is well past zenith after twelve o’clock.
2)
5.decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.减少, 下降, 衰退, 衰弱 ; (formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do sth.谢绝,婉言拒绝
e.g. 1) Support for the party continues to decline.
2) His health was declining rapidly.
3) I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
4) to decline an offer/invitation
5) a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline迅速 /急剧 /逐渐下降
6. abolish v. put an end to; end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc.)废除 e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic were abolished after the Roman Empire came to dominate ancient Greece.
2) The death penalty has been abolished in many countries.
7. revive v. come or bring back to health or consciousness(使)复活,苏醒;复兴 e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic Games revived during the 19th century.
2) The brandy soon revived the fainted woman.
3) Our falling hopes revived at the appearance of the reinforcements.
援军的出现燃起了我们原本破灭的希望 。
8. scale n. relative size, extent, etc. 规模 ; (pl.) balance or instrument for weighing 天 平;磅秤 v.
on a large scale大规模地
to scale 按比例
social scale 社会等级
a pair of scales 一台天平秤
scale sth, down/up 缩减(增加)某物
e.g. 1) The nuclear leak caused pollution on a massive scale.
2) With the market demand subciding, we decided to scale down the car production. 随着市场需求的减少,我们决定缩小汽车的生产规模。
3) Who is the first one to scale the Mount Chomolungma?
9. enthusiasm n. strong feeling or admiration or interest ; great eagerness 热情, 热心 enthusiasm for/ about sth. 对…的热情
an outburst of enthusiasm 一阵狂热
e.g. 1) My initial enthusiasm for jogging is wearing off.
2)Human being’ s enthusiasm for space exploitation has never been blunted by any failures.
3) Music is one of his great enthusiasm.
D. Outline for Retelling
A is supposed to write an essay on the Olympic Games, and B, an Olympic expert, is
1. A looks very worried, because he/ she knows very little about the Olympic Games.
2. B comes to help A.
3. A asks B a number of questions about the Games.
4. B tells A all that he/she knows about it.
Reading I Two Kinds of Football
A. Background Information
Do you know there are two kinds of football games? One is American football game, the other is soccer. In China many young men like playing soccer, it’ s very popular in China.
In America soccer is not popular. They like playing American football more than playing soccer. There are 11 players in a team.
B. Questions on P9.
C. Language Points:
1. luxurious a. very expensive, beautiful, and comfortable奢侈的,极为舒适的 luxuriously adv. luxuriousness n.
e.g. 1) This is our luxurious car of the year.
2) Jim took a long luxurious bath when he came back home.
3)He cannot afford his luxurious life after losing the job.
2.opponent n. sb. who is against another person in a fight, a game or an argument对 手 ; sb. who is against sth. 反对者
e.g. 1) Teams are always named after fierce creatures thus intimidating their opponents.
2) He is a worthy opponent and you should try your best at this fight.
3) Opponents of abortion have held a demonstration this month.
P8 competitor, enemy, foe, opponent, rival辨析
3. reputation n. general opinion about one’s abilities, qualities, etc.名誉,名声
has a reputation for… 以…出名
establish/build up/make a reputation树立名声
lose/ruin one’ s reputation 名声扫地
live up to one’ s reputation 不负盛名;名不虚传
by reputation 出了名地
e.g. 1) That country has a bad reputation for football.
2) The reputation of Murdoch’ s media company has been badly withered by the phone hacking scandal.
3) Mrs Bennet was by reputation a busy-body.
4.addict v. cause sb. become dependent on sth.使沉溺于 …
sb. who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol , etc .瘾君子; sb. strongly interested in sth.对某事物极感兴趣物
e.g. 1) He is hopelessly addicted to video games.
2) He addicted himself to gambling after losing the job.
3) A football addict shall never miss the exciting moments of the World Cup. 5. craze n . a very popular fashion that only lasts for a very short period of time时尚 ;
时髦的东西 ; enthusiastic interest in sth.
craze for 对…的狂热
a passing craze 一时的狂热
real estate craze房地产热
e.g. 1) The pin craze has swept the Expo Park.
2) Walking is the latest fitness craze.
3) He has a strange craze for collecting matches.
6. take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开 始从事 ; use a particular amount
7. take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开 始从事; use a particular amount of time, space, or effort占用(空间,时间或精 力)
e.g.1) Once we take something up, we should do it wholeheartedly.
2) Do you know the story of Lu Xun’ s dropping medicine and taking up writing?
3) The bed takes up too much room.
8. spread like wildfire: become widely known, felt or suffered very quickly; spread very fast野火般蔓延;传播的很快
e.g. 1) Measles is spreading like wildfire in the earthquake area.
2)Rumors about the writer’ s death spread like wildfire in the internet.
3) Riots in London tended to spread like wildfire through Britain.
9. gain on: gradually get closer to; catch up with逼近;超过
e.g. 1) The enemy is gaining on us.
2)Basketball is gaining in popularity on football in US.
10. spectator n. sb. Who watches a show or a game, etc.
e.g.1) Thousands of spectators came to their feet and cheered the excellent shot. 2) The stadium can hold 80,000 spectators.
spec(=look,看 )+tator(人 ) :看得人 ---观众
词根 spec/spic(=to look at or behold)意为“看 ”
e.g. spectacular 壮观的 inspect 检查
spectacles 眼镜 conspicuous 显眼的
suspect 怀疑 retrospect 回顾
circumspect 谨慎的
11. at… expense : with a lot of, little, no, etc. money being spent花费很大 (很小或无 花费)
at one’ s expense 由某人付钱;嘲弄某人
at the expense of sth.以… 为代价
e.g. 1) Then have hired excellent players at enormous expense to improve the strength of the team.
2) We can decorate the room at little expense, if we make the furniture by ourselves.
3)He felt life had played a joke at his expense.
12. promote v. raise sb. To a higher position提升 ; help the progress of; encourage or support 促进 publicize sth. to sell it宣传促销 ; organize or finance sth.发起,创 立
promotion n. 晋升,促进;促销
promoter 发起人;推动者
demote 降级;降职
e.g.1)He has been promoted to general manager.
2)She is on a nationwide tour to promote her new album.
3)We shouldn’ t promote economic growth at the expense of the environment.
范文二：新编英语教程第三版1写作答案
Student ’s Book
Unit 1 P9
III. Notes must be precise and to the point; the style is casual. In notes of introduction, the following are usually included:
1. The name of the person to be introduced 2. His/Her identity
3. The purpose of the introduction 4. Appreciation
1 June, 20__
Dear Mr. Sullivan,
This is to introduce Mr. Hu Ming. He is a linguistics student at our university. Mr. Hu is looking for a teaching assistant ’s post. Any assistance rendered him would be highly appreciated. Thank you.
Sincerely yours, Geoffrey Jackson
Unit 2 P 19
III. A note of invitation should state precisely:
1. What invitation it is 2. The time and the place
3. The pleasure of seeing the addressee on that occasion 4. A reply is expected. (In some, this is not mentioned.) 20 October, 20__ Dear Meili,
We are going to have a music appreciation evening in our classroom this coming Saturday. The time is 7:30 pm. Symphony No. 9 by Beethoven will be on the programme. We would like to have you join us, as we know you are one of the classical music lovers. Drop me a line if you are interested. Hoping to see you on Saturday.
yours,
Wang Fang
Unit 3 P31
III. A note accepting an invitation usually includes:
1. appreciation of being invited
2. his/her certainty of having a good time
3. his/her assurance of being punctual/ /his/her apology for having to be late (optional)
4. his/her offer of help (optional)
5. his/her looking forward to the occasion
16 March, 20__
Dear Rebecca,
Thank you for asking me to come to your house-warming party. I have long heard that you ’ve moved to the suburbs, away from all kinds of conveniences. I’m a little surprised that you seem quite happy with your new house. I’d be only too glad to come and see for myself. You can count on me to be punctual. You ’re quite a green hand at housekeeping, as is known to all. Do you want me to come earlier to help? Looking forward to seeing you. Love,
Kate
Unit 4 P41
III. A note declining an invitation usually includes: 1. appreciation for being invited 2. reason for not being able to attend 3. regret for missing such an occasion
4. extending felicitation, etc., should the occasion require
14 April, 20__
Dear Rebecca,
Thank you for inviting me to your 20th birthday party. But, alas, I must stay away from this gala occasion, which, to me, is very painful. You see, I ’ve been down with the flu for some time now. And I was told that I wouldn’t be able to recover soon. I can’t pass on the virus to you all. It really breaks my heart to miss this great party! All the same, my heartiest congratulations! yours,
Kate
Unit 5 P53
III. In writing a note of thanks, besides expressing our gratitude, we also show our pleasure at the gift itself, for example, we may say that it is exquisite or it is just what we want, etc. We may also show our appreciation of the sender's considerateness or his/her cleverness at picking out the right thing, etc.
26 December, 20__
Dear Aunt Mabel,
Thank you for your wonderful gift! How could you possibly have known? I did need a
more sophisticated recorder. The old one that I have has seen me mature from a lanky school boy to a college student. Indeed, it has more than served its purpose. Remember? It was also a present from you. Again a million thanks!
Your loving nephew,
Henry
Unit 6 P64
II. In writing a telephone message , it is necessary to give the name of the person who called and the exact time of call. The message must be stated clearly and in good order.
10 a.m., 1 March
Prof. Johnson,
Prof. Smith called at 9:50 a.m. He said his rheumatism prevented him from leaving the house in this nasty weather. So he would not be able to come to discuss the energy project with you and your colleagues. He asked to be excused. He sent his regards to Mrs. Johnson.
Mary
范文三：新编英语教程第三版练习册1翻译句子
1.这本书几乎涉及了关于语言教学的所有重要论题。
This book covers nearly all the important topics on language teaching.
2.如果你来电话时我不在，请给我的秘书留个口信。
If I am not available when you call me，please leave a message with my secretary.
3.只有高级官员才能接触到这些机密档案。
Only high-ranking officials have access to these confidential files.
4.看见火车轰隆隆地向他开来，他立刻的反应就是跳离铁轨，但双腿却不听使唤。
When he saw the train roaring towards him，his immediate response was to jump off the rail，but his legs refused to move.
5.他这么聪明，而且又用功，毫无疑问，他将来会成功的。
He is so clever and he works hard. No doubt he will be successful in the future.
6.当着两个证人的面，他在遗嘱上签了自己的名字。
He signed his name on his will in the presence of two witnesses.
1.在新闻发布会上，这位政府发言人思维敏捷，彬彬有礼地回答了记者们的提问。
At the press conference，the government spokesman answered journalists' questions with promptness and courtesy.
2.教育应当使一个人变得丰富而不是富有。
Education is supposed to make one rich, not wealthy.
3.他因为遵从父亲的愿望才读了法学院.
He went to law school out of respect for his father's wishes.
4.种子随风飘荡，也不知飞向何方。
The seeds drift about at the mercy of wind. Nobody knows where they are going.
5.他多才多艺，懂多门外语。
Her knowledge of foreign language is among her many accomplishments.
6.一对新来的大熊猫将在香港海洋公园首次与游客见面.
A pair of new-comer pandas will make their first public appearance in Hong Kong's Ocean Park.
1.利用这种方法,衣服可以织成各种各样的形状。
Various shapes can also be woven into a garment using this method.
2.来自俄罗斯和德国的领导人在波兰纪念了第二次世界大战爆发70周年.
Leaders from Russia and Germany marked the 70th anniversary of the start of World War II in Poland.
3.立法在反对歧视方面应该扮演怎样的角色？
What should be the role of legislation in efforts to combat discrimination?
4.大概是恶劣的天气使，飞机误点了。
Presumably the bad weather has delayed the plane.
5.他发现他妻子和他不是同时有空。
He found that his wife's free time does not coincide with his.
6.她从阅读英文小说中获得了极大的乐趣。
She derives great pleasure from reading English novels.
1.警察想知道那个刚才给它打电话的男人是不是他们正在搜寻的嫌
疑犯。
The police wanted to find out whether the man who telephoned her just now was the suspect they were seek after.
2.上海的交通问题相当严重，世界上的其他大城市也都这样。
Traffic in Shanghai is quite a serious problem. The same is true of other big cities in the world.
3.今年我们有这么多的工作要做，不得不取消假期。
We have so much work to do this year that we will have to do without a holiday.
4.他不给学生任何发言的机会。
He denied his students a chance to speak.
5.日语和汉语的语法在许多方面是不同的。
Chinese grammar differs from Japanese grammar in many aspects.
6.有些学生在设法消磨时间，而另一些学生却总是觉得时间紧迫。 Some students are trying to kill time whereas others feel pressed for time.
1.杰克昨天非常忙，否则他一定会到火车站去接你。
Jack was very busy yesterday, otherwise he would have gone to meet you at the station.
2.要不是医生及时治疗，我会终身残疾。
If it hadn't been for the doctor's timely treatment, I would be disabled for life.
3.这块土地专门用于修建儿童游乐设施。
This land is devoted to building recreation facilities for the children.
4.这位负责的医生总是密切注意患者的病情变化。
The responsible doctor is often on the watch for the change in the patients' condition.
5.所有12岁以下的小学生都可以参加这个竞赛。
The competition is open to all pupils under the age of twelve.
6.爱尔兰驻华大使说:"爱尔兰和中国建立外交关系以来，文化交流与合作一直都是两国关系的重要组成部分。"
"Culture exchange and cooperation have been the heart of the Sino-Irish relationship since the establishment of diplomatic relation," said the Ambassador of Ireland to China.
1.他们两个昨晚不在事故现场,因为我在酒吧里看到他们了。
Neither of them was on the site of the accident last night，because I saw them in the bar.
2.怀特先生有一个非常大的农场，农场里养着20匹马和15头奶牛。 Mr. White has a very big farm in which he feeds 20 horses and 15 cows.
3.谁能想得到所有这些傻事都是你做的呢？
Who could have supposed that it was you who did all these silly things?
4.回到家后，他得知女儿刚刚订婚了。
He returned home to learn that his daughter had just become engaged.
5.他们想要登到山顶，但徒劳地尝试了几次之后，还是被迫退回了营地。
After a number of vain attempts to climb to the top of the mountain they were forced to return to the camp.
6.毫无疑问，在当时主动提出与敌军谈判是一个不可宽恕的错误。 Undoubtedly, offering to negotiate with the enemy at that time was an inexcusable blunder.
1.这一事故并不是在星期一下午三点发生的，而是在星期三下午四
点。
It wasn't at three on Monday afternoon that this accident happened，but at four on Wednesday afternoon.
2.我早就忘记我们上次见面争吵了些什么。
I have long since forgotten what we quarreled about when we last met.
3.我们打算在本星期五把这项工作完成，除非有意料之外的事情发生。
We are going to finish the task this Friday unless something unexpected happens.
4.如果我的讲话中有什么错误，请随时打断并纠正我。
If there is anything wrong in my talk, please don't hesitate to stop me and put me right.
5.除了折磨和威胁，他们再没有其他的办法让这名青年说出真相。 They had no other means of getting the truth out of the young man but by torturing and threatening.
6.他们试图找出这些问题的答案的努力白费了。
They failed in their attempt to find the answers to these questions.
1.两个人在大兴安岭猎捕野生动物时碰巧被抓了。
It so happened that two men were caught in the act of hunting wildlife in Daxing'anling.
2.你举止竟然如此粗鲁，真丢人！
It was just shameful that you should have behaved so rudely.
3.经验告诉我们，要使我们的商品适合每一个海外市场的特殊需求。 Experience has taught us to tailor our merchandise to the special needs of each overseas market.
4.当前需要更多的土地种粮食，只能抽出较少的土地用于放牧。
Nowadays more land is needed to grow food and less can be spared to graze cattle.
5.劳动者该得食，不劳动者该挨饿。
Those who work deserved to eat, those who do not work deserve to starve.
6.语言是文化的一部分，也是一个种族的重要象征与代表。
Language is an integral part of culture and the symbol of a race.
1.棋盘上的黑白方格相间排列。
The black and white squares on a chessboard are arranged alternately.
2.越来越多的人对环境继续遭受污染感到不安。
More and more people are concerned about the continuing pollution of the environment.
3.她过度劳累，正在伤害自己的健康。
She is endangering her health by overwork.
4.他为我省去了记下所有那些名字和地址的麻烦。
He saved me the trouble of having to note down all those names and addresses.
5.由于违反安全规范，那栋楼塌了。
The building collapsed as a result of safety violation.
6.他宁愿听别人的话，他不愿自己多说。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
1.如果这个伟大的作曲家现在还活着，他必将会创作出更多美妙的作
品。
If the great composer was still alive, he would surely compose many more wonderful works
2.如果你在这座城市里迷了路，最好向警察求助。
If you lose your way in the city, you'd better ask the police for help.
3.他过于自信了。事实上，他还没有他所自认为的一半那样能干。 He is overconfident. Actually he is not half as capable as he thinks of himself.
4.作为外国人，他无法与当地人进行交流。
Being a foreigner, he had no way of communicating with local people.
5.使用新的教学法后，教师们发现学生在课堂上更积极主动了。
With the use of the new teaching method, teachers have found that students have become more motivated and active in class.
6.他真够幸运，能够及时赶到车站，坐上了回家的末班车。
He was lucky enough to get to the bus stop on time to catch the last bus home.
1.要在这么短的时间内，募集到3亿资金实在是非她能力所及的。
It is really a task beyond her powers to raise 0.3 billion yuan within such a short time.
2.随着地球越来越暖，越来越多的人开始意识到环保的重要性。
As the world is becoming warmer and warmer, an increasing number of people have become aware of the importance of environment protection.
3.每个人都在关注目前的这场金融危机，看其如何发展。
Everybody is concerned with the current financial crisis, wondering how it will work out.
4.他已经下定决心戒烟了，但是每当看到朋友们在抽烟，他就很想抽烟。
He has made up his mind to give up smoking, but whenever he sees his friends smoking, he feels an urge to smoke.
5.他被公司派往美国负责公司驻美办事处的成立工作。
He was assigned by the company to set up a representative office in America.
6.这是一个很大的项目，牵涉到许多部门。
It is a very large project involving many departments.
1.他从上小学开始就梦想着以后能上一所有声望的大学。
He has been dreaming of entering a prestigious university since he was in primary school.
2.如果你不喜欢我所说的，你能否想出点什么呢？
Could you please come up with something if you don't like what i said ?
3.地方政府未料到这个事件会引起全国范围的关注。
The local government didn't expect that the incident would arouse nationwide interest.
4.他很明显地意识到她的拒绝虽然礼貌，但非常坚决。
He obviously realized that her turndown was polite but very firm.
5.这家新公司正留意招募有才能，有热情，对市场营销感兴趣的年轻人。
The new company is looking to recruit talented and is enthusiastic young people who are interested in marketing.
6.一个能使发生车祸的机会降到最低的有效措施就是教育人们遵守一切交通规则。
An effective measure to minimize the dangers of driving is to teach people to obey all the traffic rules.
1.为了奖励他的忠诚和努力，公司给他提供了一个出国学习的机会。
In repayment for his loyalty and hard work, the company offered him an opportunity to study abroad.
2.我要感谢我的父母，没有他们始终如一的支持，我是无论如何坚持不下去的。
My gratitude goes to my parents, without whose unfailing support I could never have carried on.
3.委员会处理完紧急事务后出会抽出时间来研究你的建议。
The committee will get around to your proposal after they have dealt with urgent business.
4.正是由于医务人员的全力以赴，他才很快从伤病中恢复过来。
It was thanks to the dedication of medical staff that he recovered from his injuries soon.
5.在金融危机时期，消费者往往倾向于选择低价位的商品。
In times of financial crisis, consumers tend to opt for low-priced goods.
6.尽管深得选民拥戴，他还是被迫离开了市长的职位。
He was forced to step down as mayor despite his popularity with the voters.
1.该公司开始专营无线电器材，现在已决定扩展到计算机了。
The company began by specializing in radios but has now decided to branch out into computers.
2.他越坚持自己是无辜的，人们似乎越怀疑他。
The more he insisted on his innocence, the more people seem to suspect him.
3.这个农夫情愿以半价出售这些蔬菜，也不愿意听任它们烂掉。
The farmer sold the vegetables at half price rather than allow them to rot.
4.那本小册子里的全部信息仅限于高级军官知道。
All the information in that booklet is restricted to high-ranking military officers.
5.一般来说，为了你的身体健康，医生会要求你戒烟戒酒。
As a rule, for the sake of your health, doctors will require you to give up smoking and drinking.
6.他和律师谈过后才签署了合同。
It was not until he talked to his lawyer that he signed the contract.
1.只要我们不灰心，就会找到克服这个困难的办法。
As long as we don't lose heart, we will find a way to overcome the difficulty.
2.不管你多么害怕，你必须在外表上保持平静。
However frightened you may be, you must remain outwardly calm.
3.他们将从学生那里收集到的意见附在这个报告之后。
They attached the opinions collected from students to this report.
4.我们请求他立即辞去总理职务。
We requested that he immediately resign his office as prime minister.
5.与他已有的邮票相比，这些新邮票并不很令人感兴趣或有价值。 Compared with what he had already had, these new stamps were not very interesting or valuable.
6.人的军队服役促使这个害羞的小青年变成了一个真正的男子汉。 Two years' military service helped to make a real man of this shy boy.
范文四：新编日本语教程1(第三版)
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Ⅰ一本书内容
1. 编写目的
() 以下简称 旧版 的第二次修订本三 旧版自发行以来, 在国内广大日语培训机构2第一版“
以及设立日语专业的相关院校被广泛使用三 有很多从事日语教育的相关人士也对旧版提出
了宝贵的意见二 建议, 我们对此进行了整理二 研究三 此外, 日本国内的社会二 经济形势变化也
对日语教学产生了一些影响三 为了将这些反映到教材中, 我们对旧版的语法体系二 每课的结
构二 课文以及会话内容二 课后练习二 课后小知识等各个部分进行了全面二 系统的修订三
本书的使用对象主要是社会上自学日语的初学者, 也可用于大学或其他开设日语专业
的院校三
2. 编写原则
在编写本书时, 我们始终以 对日语的初学者而言怎样的入门教材才是理想的 这一问
题为出发点考虑相关问题, 力求使本书做到如下几点:涵盖的知识点全面二 完整; 句型出现的
顺序合理, 符合日语教学的一般原则; 会话和课文的编写规范二 实用性强, 能够在生活中使
用; 单词量适中, 出现的顺序合理, 符合初学者学习外语的认知规律; 内容丰富二 翔实, 除了提
供应有的语言知识外, 还能加深学习者对于日本文化二 社会背景等的理解三
3. 编写语言
() 发音二 声调以及日文的书写1‘ () 新编日语教程1二 以下简称 本书 是2新编日语教程1二 2第三版“ 006年5月出版的‘ 二 设置入门单元, 集中指导日语的发音(清音二 浊音二 半浊音二 拗音二 长音二 促音) 日语中的
声调和日文的书写(平假名二 片假名二 日语中的汉字) 等三
() 句型与语法2本书中的句型二 语法, 按照日本国际交流基金会2日语能力考试出题基007年出版的‘
准“ 中4级~3级的语法条目进行编排, 力求使句型二 语法的出现顺序由易到难, 语法体系更
为合理三
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈() 词汇3
() 文体4本书的词汇总数约为2上册约为1下册约为9000个, 050个, 50个三
本书除了第一册第1课文和会话用了简体的形式之外, 其他的会话基5课讲述简体时,
本上采用了以 です ます 结尾的敬体, 希望初学者掌握好规范二 标准的日语三
() 课文以及会话内容5本书中的课文和会话, 以交换留学生王小华在日本一年的留学生活为主线展开三 题材
丰富, 包括日本的风土人情二 社会情况二 四季的不同景观以及相关的活动二 留学生活的各个方
面等三
() 汉字读音与译文6为了方便初学者学习, 本书课文二 会话二 讲解二 练习以及参考答案中出现的日语汉字二 数
字等都标注了假名三 此外, 在附录部分有本书中的基本例句二 会话二 课文的译文三 语法和表
达讲解的例句也有译文三
() 课后小知识7为了加深学习者对日本社会二 政治二 经济二 文化等的理解, 在每篇课文后面都附有一篇小
知识, 尽量收集了各个领域的题材, 构成丰富多彩的内容三
() 视觉效果8本书会话中的场景用了插图, 让学习者能够直观地理解会话中的内容三 此外, 本书采用
双色印刷, 突出了句型二 语法中的重点内容, 直观且醒目三
Ⅱ一本书结构
1. 整体结构
, 三 本书第一册二 第二册各设4个 基本单元 每个单元由4课构成, 上册另设 入门单元
第一册
第二册入门单元, 第1单元~第4单元第1单元~第4单元第1课~第16课第1课~第16课
2. 入门单元
本书的入门单元主要包括以下几个方面:日语简介; 平假名二 片假名的书写; 五十音图清
音的发音特点及词例; 浊音和半浊音的发音特点及词例; 拗音的发音特点及词例; 长音二 促音
的发音特点及词例; 日语声调的特点及词例; 日语中假名的来源表; 26个英文字母的日文读
法和写法三
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈3. 基本单元
() 出场人物介绍1本书中的主要出场人物是王小华二 金萱儿二 丹尼尔二 铃木香织和木村进三 他们都是日本
国际大学的学生三 王小华二 金萱儿二 丹尼尔是留学生三 会话的故事情节以王小华的留学生活
为主线展开三
() 单元结构2每个单元4篇课文, 每篇课文设置不同的话题, 话题按时间先后顺序编排三 每个单元的
出场人物相对固定, 故事情节也是一脉相承的三
() 单元总结3每个单元后面有单元总结, 用表格形式列出该单元中出现的句型二 语法点二 表达方式二 助
词用法二 出现的课数, 并添加了例句三
4. 附录
附录部分主要包括如下内容:课文参考译文二 练习参考答案二 课文生词总表二 补充词汇总
表二 句型四 表达方式索引三 此外, 第一册的附录部分还添加了常用动词变形一览表和常用数
量词搭配使用表三
Ⅲ一各课结构
1. 基本语法
简明扼要地列出各课中出现的最主要的语法点和句型三
2. 基本例句
用最典型的例句体现基本语法点三 基本例句包括单个的句子和会话两种形式三
3. 课文
本书从第二册开始出现课文, 课文与会话内容相关联, 围绕某一话题展开, 着重体现每
一课的基本语法点三 课文的题材围绕王小华的留学生活展开, 涉及各个方面三
4. 会话
本书第一册和第二册的每一课都有一篇会话, 会话的出场人物和故事情节前后都是一
脉相承的三 设定自然二 真实的场景, 运用与场景相符的语法点二 句型, 力求让初学者掌握自
然二 地道的日语三 在确保语句顺畅二 自然的同时, 更加注重语言的规范性三
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈一一 7. 词汇·表达方式
本书中的词汇四 表达方式主要讲解会话二 课文以及部分基本例句中出现的重要表达二 感
叹词二 副词二 接续词二 固定词组二 惯用搭配二 构词法二 寒暄用语等三 此外, 第一册的词汇四 表达
方式部分还对课文中相关联的单词进行了汇总, 如常见的国家名二 地名二 人名的表达方式, 楼
层的表达方式, 常见的方位名词, 常用的イ形容词二 ナ形容词等三
8. 练习
本书每课后面配有相关的练习题, 分为练习Ⅰ(基本练习) 和练习Ⅱ(会话练习) 两种形
式三 出题形式丰富多样, 主要围绕基本语法中的句型二 语法点进行练习三
() 练习Ⅰ一基本练习1通过替换二 改变说法二 利用所给单词造句二 完成表格或句子等多种练习方式巩固每课所
学的重点句型二 语法点, 附录中有参考答案三
() 练习Ⅱ一会话练习2通过会话的形式检验二 巩固二 活用所学的知识三 附录中有参考答案三
9. 补充单词表
本书的补充单词表收录句型四 语法二 词汇四 表达方式中新出现的单词, 在第一册的练习
中出现的生词也列入其中三 补充单词表的编排顺序以及标出方式与生词表相同三
10. 课后小知识
本书每课后面都有一个课后小知识三 第一册和第二册共有3涉及日本的政2篇小知识,
治二 经济二 文化二 社会二 地理等各个领域, 展示了日本生活的各个方面, 加深学习者对日本社
会二 文化的理解三
Ⅳ一其他的几个重要事项
1. 关于动词的几个问题
本书的动词活用以 动词基本形 为基准, 原则上每出现一个动词活用形式, 都以 动词
基本形 推导其活用变化三 本书中每课的单词表以及补充单词表里面的动词, 也以 动词基
本形 的形式标注三
2. 本书生词表和补充单词表的编排说明
标题二 基本语法二 基本例句二 课文二 会话等几个部分中出现的生词全部列入生词表三
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈
句型四 语法二 词汇四 表达方式这两个部分的例句中出现的生词全部列入补充单词表三 在第一册的练习中出现的生词也列入其中三
补充单词表中的单词如果在之后课文中的标题二 基本语法二 基本例句二 课文二 会话等处再次出现, 将被列入该课的生词表三
但在如下几种情况下, 有些单词没有列入生词表或补充单词表三
以表格形式归纳过的关联单词, 如 祖父 祖母 等三 ①在第一册的词汇四 表达方式中,
出现过, 以后将不再重复出现三 如 誕生日 漫画 等三
且通过字面能看出其意义的名词等, 如果在某一课的补充单词表中②个别词义简单,
词义简单, 且多次在课后练习中出现过的话, 以后将不再③个别补充单词表中的单词,
词汇四 表达方式的讲解中出现的生词不列入补充单词表, 但例句中④在句型四 语法二
根据需要可能对个别单词的编排进行调整三 ⑤除上述情况之外, 3. 关于中文翻译的几个问题
对于人名的翻译, 如 鈴木さん 木村さん ダニエルさん 佐藤さん 吉田さん 等, 二 二 二 二 教材中省略了敬称, 直接译为 铃木 木村 丹尼尔 佐藤 吉田 等三 此外, 根据会话 二 三 中的人物设定, 王さん キムさん 则译为 小王 小金
二 二 对于 社長 部長 課長 等职位名称, 则按照日企里的习惯, 翻译成了 社长 部长 课长 等三
重复出现三 如 忙しい 試験 等三
的生词列入其中三
基本例句和课文二 会话中的翻译, 考虑到原文的特点, 基本上采用了直译的方式三 部分
译文考虑到中文的行文习惯, 采用了灵活翻译的方式三
图标Ⅴ一本书中使用的符号二
? 本书的主要符号? ~/? (一 )
表示句型二 语法点中省略的内容
表示前后两项可以替换使用或表示不同接续方式之间的并列突出句型四 语法条目中出现的词性或接续形式
提示基本语法点的主要用法; 表示讲解部分中例句的翻译; 表示原文没有, 但翻译成中文时需要增加的词语; 对讲解中的例句进行补充说明; 提示会话中的中文导入语或者场景切换
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? [一 ]?
(续表)
提示讲解部分的例句日文会话中省略的部分中文翻译中省略的部分
引用日语的句型二 单词; 突出句型四 语法中的接续形式; 用于中文讲解中需要强调的部分; 用于中文翻译中需要强调的概念或有特殊意义的词提示练习中的例子
提示句型四 语法中的变形过程; 提示练习中的变形过程
日语J Ⅵ一与新日语能力考试二 -T E S T 考试对应
语法条目以及单词表, 第一册和第二册分别与4级二 按照由易到难的顺序进行编3级对应,
本书参照日本国际交流基金会2日语能力考试出题基准“ 中4级~3级的007年出版的‘
写三 两册学完后可以参加新日语能力考N 5~N 4级别的考试或者J -T E S TE -F 级别的考试三
练习册Ⅶ一附录音像制品以及配套的辅导书二
与教材配套同步发行三
本书入门单元的语音部分以及基本单元中的课文二 会话二 生词表和补充单词表配有C D , 此外, 本书还有配套的辅导书和同步练习册另行出版, 可以与本教材一起使用三
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一一一一一 出场人物介绍
一一一一一 一 王小華:
おうしょうか
20岁, 女生, 今年九月从上海到日本国际大学交换留学的留学生三 喜欢动漫二 日剧二 旅游三 性格开朗, 积极向上三 好奇心强, 感觉敏锐, 对新鲜事物充满兴趣三
ソナ:一一一一一 一 キム·
21岁, 女生, 从韩国来的交换留学生三 和王小华一起九月入学, 是王小华的室友三 喜欢唱歌和登山二 滑雪等户外运动三 对美食很感兴趣, 擅长做韩式料理二 日式料理三 性格直爽, 开朗大方三
一一一一一 一 ダニエル:
22岁, 男生, 来自英国的交换留学生三 比王小华早来日本半年, 与木村是好朋友三 兴趣广泛, 活泼好动三 喜欢网球二 弹钢琴二 慢跑二 看电影等三
一一一一一 一 鈴木香織:
すずき
かおり
21岁, 女生, 是王小华二 小金的生活指导员三 热情开朗, 乐于助人, 喜欢滑雪二 旅游, 对中国二 韩国的文化很感兴趣三
一一一一一 一 木村進:
きむらしん
24岁, 男生, 是田中老师指导的研究生三 喜欢阅读二 网球二 旅游等三 性格稳重, 责任感强三
一一一一一 一 田中正一:
たなかしょういち
44岁, 日本国际大学的教授, 研究日本民俗学三 是王小华二 小金的指导教师, 也是木村的研究生导师三 关心学生, 和蔼可亲三
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) 仮名と発音(1
) 仮名と発音(1
か
な
はつ
おん
有关日语的一些基本知识
日语语音
日语语音包括清音二 浊音二 半浊音二 拗音等, 共5个单元音, 110个音节三 5个元音是日语发音的基础, 每个音节为一个节拍, 发音时间长短相同三
日语中通过音节发音的高低变化来表示不同的含义三 发音分为高二 低两种, 由此构成了日语的声调三 由于声调具有区别语言意义的作用, 因此即便是两个或多个单词的音节相同, ; 也可以通过声调加以区分, 如:雨①(雨, 雨水) 飴?(饴糖, 糖) 等词三 日语中词语的声调是社会上约定俗成的三 现代日本共通语的声调是以东京方言为基础形成的三
おんびん
あめ
あめ
二 二 便 促音便 ウ音便 四种现象三
, 二 此外, 日语中为了发音的方便, 有时会改变某些音节的发音(音便) 有 イ音便 拨音
日语文字
日语中使用的文字主要是假名和汉字三 其次, 罗马字和阿拉伯数字的使用也很多见三 日语文字在使用上的最大特点是多种文字的同时使用三
在汉字传入日本之前, 日本并没有文字和文字语言三 汉字大约于公元3世纪左右传入日本, 日本人开始使用汉字记事三 到了公元5世纪中叶后, 日本人创造了以汉字作为表音符号来 三 书写的方法三 由于这些符号 假借 于汉字字形, 因而将之称作 仮名(假名) 与 假名 相对, 三 汉字曾被称为 真名(真名)
ま
な
か
な
假名分为平假名和片假名三 平假名和片假名既脱离了汉字的原形, 又具有和汉字完全不
同的表音性质, 是日本创造的另一种文字三 平假名由汉字草书演变而来, 片假名则取自汉字的偏旁部首三 一般的词汇用汉字和平假名表示, 所以, 现代日语的汉字假名混合文中主要使用的便是平假名; 片假名则通常用来表示外来语和特殊词汇三
日语中的常用汉字有1日语中汉字的发音有 音读 和 训读 之分三 音读 是接近945个三 中国汉字原音但日语化了的汉字读音; 训读 则是不考虑汉字的读音, 只利用汉字的字形和字义来表示日本固有词语的读音方法三 日语的汉字虽然来自中国, 但是汉字简化的方法二 方 向和常用汉字的范围并不相同三 此外, 日语中还有诸如 畠 辻 等由日本人创造的汉字, 被
はた
つじ
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三 称作 国字(国字)
こくじ
日语词汇
三 即 単語 从词形二 词义二 词的来源二 词的使用频率等不同角度, 可以对日语词汇进行不同的分类三 我们通常所接触到的, 是从词的来源的角度, 将日语词汇分为和语词二 汉语词以及外来三 语(词)
日语词汇量很大, 尤其是日语中的基本词汇, 要比其他语言多一些, 所以更多更准确地掌握好日语词汇也是我们学习的一大目标三
たんご
三 日语词汇是日语中所有词的集合体, 称为 語彙 相对于词汇而言, 每一个词称做单词,
ごい
日语语法
, 三 语法(即组词造句的规则) 离不开词法(即分析词的使用规则) 因此, 日语语法的主要内容是词法方面的内容, 其中助词二 助动词的使用规则又是词法的主要内容三 语法知识的掌握对提高听二 说二 读二 写的综合能力具有举足轻重的作用三
日语的敬语也是我们在语法学习中将会碰到的一个难点三 敬语的使用, 不仅涉及敬语具体的表达方式, 还涉及敬语使用的对象二 场合等因素三 敬语在工作二 商务领域的使用极为广泛, 是日语学习中的重要课题三
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) 仮名と発音(1
平仮名(平假名)
ひらがな
清音) 1. 清音(
せいおん
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鼻音) 2. 鼻音(
びおん
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) 仮名と発音(1
片仮名(片假名)
かたかな
清音) 1. 清音(
せいおん
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鼻音) 2. 鼻音(
びおん
┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈
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) 仮名と発音(1
五十音図
ごじゅうおんず
(五十音图)
三 下面的假名表叫做 五十音图 五十音图是掌握日语发音和书写的基础, 是日语入门非, , 常重要的一步三 下表中, 横向称作 行 共有十行三 纵向称作 段 共有五段三 や行 假名中 的 い え 和 わ行 假名中的 い う え 是重复出现的部分三 所以包括拨音 ん 在内, 五十音图中的假名总数是46个三
下表中平假名和片假名下方的 罗马字 是拉丁文字, 属于表音文字中的音素文字, 是日语中的一种辅助性文字三 在电脑的日文输入法中, 输入罗马字, 就会出现对应的假名三 因为平假名与其对应的片假名的发音一致, 所以其罗马字表记也是相同的三
二 二 二 二 除了下表中的假名外, 日语的发音还有 浊音 半浊音 拗音 长音 促音 等区别三 在后续的课文中会详细进行讲解三 第一课主要以掌握五十音图为目标三
あ段
あ行
あ ア
a か カk a さ サs a た タt a な ナn a は ハh a ま マm a や ヤa y
い段い イ
i き キk i し シs i ち チt i に ニn i ひ ヒh i み ミm i い イ() i
う段う ウ
u く クk u す スs u つ ツt u ぬ ヌn u ふ フh u む ムm u ゆ ユu y
え段え エ
e け ケk e せ セs e て テt e ね ネn e へ ヘh e め メm e え エ() e
お段お オ
o こ コk o そ ソs o と トt o の ノn o ほ ホh o も モm o よ ヨo y
ぎょう
だん
か行
さ行
た行
な行
は行
ま行
や行
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あ段
ら行
ら ラr a わ ワw a ん ンn
注1:表中(表示重复出现三 一 )
い段り リ
r i い イ() i
う段る ル
r u う ウ() u
え段れ レ
r e え エ() e
お段
(续表)
ろ ロ
r o を ヲw o
わ行
注2:表中的罗马字表记以1ローマ字のつづり方(罗马字拼写法) 为基954年日本政府公布的内阁告示
]]二 准三 其中, さ行 し、シ 也可以用罗马字[表记; た行 ち、チ 也可以用罗马字[つ、ツ 也可s h i c h i ]]以用罗马字[表记; は行 ふ、フ 可以用[来表记三 t s u f u
ごじゅうおんず
じかた
注3:拨音 ん、ン 并不是清音, 但通常将其放在 五十音図 中, 接在わ行的后面三
あ行1.
平假名片假名罗马字发音发音技巧讲解
あ い う え お 五个元音是掌握日语发音的基础三 因为其他的音节都是辅音和 あ 在日语元音中开口最大, 舌位最低, 双唇自然张开, 比汉语中的 啊 略小三 振动声 い 的发音与 衣 相比, 双唇略松三 前舌用力, 振动声带, 声音较尖三
う 的发音双唇自然微启, 不要像发 乌 那样向前突出三 舌面较平, 振动声带, 声音较弱三 动声带, 声音紧张三
あアa []a
いイi []i
うウu []u
えエe []e
おオo []o
这五个元音组合而成的三 带, 声音洪亮三
え 的发音双唇稍向左右咧开, 舌面放平, 口型和舌尖的位置处于 あ 和 い 之间三 振 お 的发音双唇稍微放圆, 口型大小处于 あ 和 う 之间三 舌面较平, 振动声带, 声音浑圆三
发音练习
あえい いえあ あおう うおあ あえいう えおあお あいうえお
アエイ イエア アオウ ウオア アエイウ エオアオ アイウエオ
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┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈
) 仮名と発音(2
) 仮名と発音(2
か
な
はつ
おん
濁音と半濁音(浊音与半浊音)
日语发音除了之前介绍的清音外, 还有2浊音假名是由 か さ 0个浊音和5个半浊音三 (た は 四行假名派生出来的, 用浊音符号 ゛ 濁点) 表示三 半浊音只有一行, 由 は 行假(名添加半浊音符号 ゜ 半濁点) 表示三
浊音表和半浊音表:が行ざ行だ行ば行ぱ行
はんだくてん
だくてん
だくおんはんだくおん
が ガ g a ざ ザ z a だ ダ d a ば バ b a ぱ パ p a
ぎ ギ g i じ ジ z i ぢ ヂ z i び ビ b i ぴ ピ p i
ぐ グg u ず ズz u づ ヅz u ぶ ブb u ぷ プp u
げ ゲg e ぜ ゼz e で デd e べ ベb e ぺ ペp e
ご ゴg o ぞ ゾz o ど ドd o ぼ ボb o ぽ ポp o
]; ][], 注:另外, ざ行 じ、ジ 还可以用罗马字表记为[だ行 ぢ、ヂ 可以用罗马字表记为[づ、ヅ i i d i j j
]三 可以用罗马字表记为[d u
1. が行
平假名片假名罗马字发音练习
がげぎ ぎげが がごぐ ぐごが がげぎぐ げごがご がぎぐげごガゲギ ギゲガ ガゴグ グゴガ ガゲギグ ゲゴガゴ ガギグゲゴ
がガa g
ぎギi g
ぐグu g
げゲe g
ごゴo g
范文五：新编英语教程第三版 unit 4
Unit 4
Language Structure
Main Teaching Points:
1. Modal auxiliaries may/might used to express “ possibility ”
eg. It may/might be fine tomorrow.
2. Modal auxiliaries should/ ought to expressing “ obligation ”
eg. He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day. 3. Modal auxiliaries would rather expressing “ preference ”
eg. I would rather do some reading.
4. Modal auxiliaries must and can ’ t used to express “ strong probability” and “ impossibility ” respectively
eg. He must be in the gym. // Hecan’ t be there.
Useful Expressions
go-mountain climbing be in good health
take notice of be weak in / be poor in
suffer from sth. live transmission of sports events
Dialogue A Trip to China
A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on specific details
C. Broad questions:
1. Describe the changes in China’ s rural areas, particularly in the coastal areas.
2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-date information?
3. Why college education important for modern farmers?
4. Do you believe in “ You get what you put in” ?
D. Language Points
1. Fancy meeting you here.=It’ s a surprise to meet you here.
2. world-renowned/ world-famous世界闻名的
eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis.
上海是国际知名的大都会。
2) Tonight a solo concert will be given by a world-renowned singer in Shanghai gymnasium. 今晚一位世界著名的歌手在上海体育馆 举办个人演唱会。
3. on and off/ off and on : not happening continuously or regularly断断 续续地
eg. 1) John has worked with Johnny on and of for 10 years.
断断续续共事了十年。
2) It rained on and off all day. 雨断断续续下了一天。
4. legacy: 遗产;遗留之物,后果
eg. 1) Part of her legacy from her parents is a golden pocket watch.父母 留给她的遗产中有一块黄金怀表。
2) The masterpiece of Leonardo da vinci are invaluable cultural legacy of the Renaissance. 达 . 芬奇的的杰作是文艺复兴时期宝 贵的文化遗产。
5. capture : v. 抓住,捕获,夺取; (用画面、音乐,文字等)捕捉, 描绘; n . 捕获,捕捉;俘虏,战利品
eg. 1) The police finally captured the escaped convict after a two-week search. 经过两周的搜捕,警方终于抓获了逃犯。
2) Last night he met a charming woman at the party who captured his heart. 昨晚他在聚会上遇到了一位让他心动的魅力女士。 3) These photographs capture the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 这些照片捕捉了广岛和长崎原子弹爆 炸后的惨状。
4) He hasn’ t eaten anything since his capture.自从被俘后他没有吃过 任何东西。
6. inexhaustible: 用不尽的,无穷尽的
eg. 1) The man seems to have an inexhaustible supply of energy.
2) To be frank, my patience is not inexhaustible.
7. the tip of the iceberg: 重大问题显露的一小部分;冰山一角
eg. 1) The reported cases of the water pollution are only the tip of the iceberg. 报道的水污染事件只是冰山一角 。
2) Only the tip of the iceberg pokes up above the surface of the sea. 只有冰山的一角突出海平面。
美国著名作家欧内斯特 . 海明威(Ernest. Hemingway,1899-1961) 提出过著名的“冰山原则” 。他以“冰山”为喻,认为作者只应描写 “冰山”露出水面的部分,水下的部分应该通过本文的提示让读者 去想象补充。海明威的写作风格以惜墨如金且轻描淡写而著称,对 美国文学以及 20世纪文学的发展有极为深远的影响。
8. authentic : true or geniue真正的,真实的 ; that can be trusted, reliable可靠的,可信的
eg. 1) The authentic manuscript of the celebrated writer is exhibited in the museum. 这位著名作家的手稿陈列在博物馆里 。
2) The police have obtained all the authentic details of the murder.警方 已经取得了有关那起谋杀案的所有可靠细节。
9. unparalleled a . bigger, better or worse than anything else无与伦比的, 无双的(中性词)
eg. 1) He has made an achievement unparalleled in sporting history.他取 得的成就在体育界无人能及。
2) This county is confronted with a financial crisis upparalleled since the 1930s. 这个国家面临着 20世纪 30年代以来空前的经融危 机。
10. take sth./sb. for granted (that) : 认为…是理所当然的
eg. 1) I just took it for granted that he’ d always be around.我还想当然 的以为他总能随叫随到呢。
2) Her husband was always there, and she just took him for granted. 她丈夫随时都在身边,她认为他理应如 此。
11. prevailing a . 普遍的,流行的,盛行的 prevail v.
eg. 1) The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guity. 一般人的看法似乎认为她会被判有罪 。
the prevailing economic conditions普遍的经济状况
the attitudes towards science prevailing at the time 时下对科学的 流行看法
2) Justice will prevail over tyranny. 正义必将战胜暴虐。
12. breathtaking: a. very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way); very surprising激动人心的,惊人的
eg. 1) The scene was one of the breathtaking beauty.美妙的景色宁人叹 为观止。
2) He spoke with breathtaking arrogance.他说话时的傲慢态度令人 乍舌。
a breathtaking view of the mountains 群山的壮丽景色
a breathtakingly expensive diamond 昂贵的惊人的钻石
E. Retelling
1. Ted tells Bob about his trip to China.
2. Ted introduces many world-famous places he has visited.
3. Ted describes Xi’ an ’ s terracotta warriors and horses.
4. Ted describes Chinese food and cooking styles, the spicy-hot Sichuan dishes in particular.
Reading 1 Human Needs
A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on specific details
1. Why is food a basic need?
2. How can we avoid malnutrition?
3. Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes?
4. What is the difference between needs and wants?
(Needs are something necessary to life, and wants are things that we ’ d like to have.)
5. How do we differ from primitive men in our food wants?
6. Name three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not?
C. The structure of the passage
Part 1 (para.1-para.3) What is a basic human need?-food.
Part 2 (para.4) clothing.
Part 3 (para.5) shelter.
D. Language Points
1. do without: do sth.without sth. or sb.没有某人或某物也可以做某事 eg. 1) Man cannot do without water.
2) We ran out of surgar so you’ ll have to do without.所以你得克服一 下了。
2. starve:suffer severely or die from hunger挨饿,饿死
eg. 1) Thousands of people are starving in the poverty-stricken area. 在贫困地区成千上万的人正在挨饿。
2) What will we have for dinner? I’ m starving.
3. malnutrition:营养不良
eg. 1) Children of this extremely poor country are suffering from chronic malnutrition. 这个极度贫穷国家的儿童长期处于营养不良的状 态。
2) Infection of diseases is more likely in people who are suffering from malnutrition.疾病更容易在营养不良的人群中传染 。
4. primitive: a . of an early stage of social development原始的, 早期的; simple, old-fashioned, unsophisticated简陋的,粗糙的
eg. primitive culture/customs/man/tribes/society/instinct原始本能 1) He is engaged in the study of primitive weapons such as bows, arrows and spears.他正在潜心研究弓箭、矛等原始武器 。
2) The conditions are primitive and not sanitary according to modern standards. 用现代的标准衡量, 这里的条件简陋, 不是那么卫生。 5. monotonous : a . not changing, boring单调的,乏味的;枯燥的,无 聊的
eg. 1) The audience could no longer bear his monotonous speech.
2) We must be patient enough to finish some monotonous work from time to time.
6. diet n. 日常食物;规定的食谱 v. 为减轻体重而节食
eg. 1) As a teenager, I dieted constantly. 青少年时期,我经常节食。
2) Poor diet is not good for you. 饮食不佳对你身体不好。
3) The doctor said that I have to go on a diet.医生说我必须节食 。
a diet of sth. 多的令人生厌的事物 diet aids 食疗
be/go on a diet 节食 a salty free diet 无盐食谱
7. Preservation n . action of preserving保护,保存
eg. 1) These cultural relics are in an excellent state of preservation. 这些文物保存得非常完好。
2) The aim of the policy is the preservation of world peace.
这一政策旨在维护世界和平。
the preservation of environment/wildlife/food/works of art
8. exotic a . 外国的,异域的;醒目的,奇异的
eg. 1) Lots of mangoes and other exotic fruits began to appear in the market.
2) Hundreds of people gathered in the streets on carnival,wearing exotic clothes. 成百上千的人在狂欢节这一天身着奇异服装聚集 在街头。
9. regulate : v. 管理,控制;调校,校准
eg. 1) Strict rules must be imposed to regulate the use of food additives. 食品添加剂的使用必须依靠严格的法规来管理。
2) An internal biological clock regulates the timing for sleep in
humans. 人类体内的生物钟调节睡眠时间。
regulate one ’ s conduct/expenditure/lifestyle/economy约束行为 /限 制消费 /节制生活方式 /调控经济
regulate a clock 校准时钟 regulate the traffic 管理交通 traffic regulations 交通规则 rules and regulations 规章制度 9. muffle :v . cover sb. or sth. for warmth or protection包裹,覆盖 make the sound less clear 抑制住(声音)
eg. 1) Heavily muffled up in an overcoat, he walked into the snowstorm. 他裹上一件厚厚的大衣,在暴风雪中出了门。
2) She covered her handkerchief over her child’ s mouth to muffle his voice. 她用手帕堵住孩子的嘴不让他出声。
3) The falling snow muffled the sound of everything.落雪让天地都静 了下来。
10. deny v . 否认,否定;拒不给予,阻止(某人)获得
eg. 1) Nobody denies the importance of food, shelter, defense, health and education. 没有人会否认食物、 居所、 防护、 健康和教育的重要 性。
2) The doctor strongly denied that he made a serious mistake in the surgery. 医生拒不承认手术时他犯下的大错 。
3) She was mad at being denied the chance to see his son.不允许见儿 子,她气得发疯。
4) There is no denying that this is an important event. 毫无疑问,这
是个重大事件。
deny sb. sth.= deny sth. to sb.拒不给与某人某物;阻止某人获得某物 deny doing sth. 否认做过某事
deny oneself sth. 摒弃某物
There ’ s no denying (that/sth.) … 毫无疑问是正确的
deny a statement/a claim/an accusation/a charge
否认一个说法 /否认某人声称的事 /否认一项指责 /否认一项指控
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