范文一：浙江初中英语

初一年级（上）

11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think…

13. Who’s this? This is….

14. What can you see？ I can see?. 15. There is (are) ….

16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…

17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s….

III. 交际用语

1. Good morning, Miss/Mr…. 2. Hello! Hi!

3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?

5. See you. See you later.

6. Thank you! You’re welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye!

8. What’s your name? My name is …. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who’s on duty today? 11. Let’s do. 12. Let me see.

IV. 重要语法

1. 动词be的用法；

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法； 3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法； 4. 冠词的基本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。

【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语

1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up

15. go shopping

II. 重要句型

1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about…? 3. Let’s do sth.

4. It’s time to do sth. 5. It’s time for …

6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7. Where is…? It’s….

8. How old are you? I’m…. 9. What class are you in? I’m in….

10. Welcome to…. 【名师讲解】

1.in/on

在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 例如：

There is a bird in the tree. There is a picture on the wall.

2. this/that/these/those

(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that

常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：

You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there. I want this car, not that car.

Take these books to his room, please. 。 This is mine; that’s yours.。

These are apples; those are oranges.

(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Who’s that?

3. There be/ have

There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：

(1) There is a big bottle of coke （一大瓶可乐）on the table. (2) There is a doll in the box.

(3) There are many apples on the tree.

总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如： (4) I have two brothers and one sister. (5) That house has four rooms.

4. look/ see/ watch

(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：

Look! The children are playing computer games. 。 Look! What’s that over there?

单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如： He’s looking at me。

(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：

What can you see in the picture?

Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it? (3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如： Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.

5. put on/ / in

put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。 in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如： It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 。 He puts on his hat and goes out.

The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.。

6. house/ home/family

house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。 He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。

7. fine, nice, good, well

四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：

(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。 例如：

Your parents are very fine. That's a fine machine.

It's a fine day for a walk today

(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。 例如：

Lucy looks nice.

These coats are very nice. Nice to meet you.

It's very nice of you. 。

(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：

(4)Her son is a good student. The red car is very good.。

(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。 例如：

I'm very well, thanks. My friends sing well.。 【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1. 动词be的用法；

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法； 3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法； 4. 冠词的基本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。

6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型； 7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.

Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 【解析】答案：。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格？作宾语。 2.

_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The 【解析】答案：。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词？。 3.

---What _______ the number of the girls in your class? ---About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【解析】答案：。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为？。 4.

There _______ a football match on TV this evening.

A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：。该题考查的是There be?句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。

范文二：初中英语知识点

初中英语知识点总结：陈述句和疑问句

知识点总结

一、陈述句

陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的，陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句句末用句号，朗读时用降调。

1、肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓 He went to London to pass his holiday.

2、否定句的表达方式

（1）主语+be+not+表语 He is not a teacher.

（2）主语+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+其他 I don't think you are right. He hasn't yet paid the money. （他尚未付钱。）

（3）使用“not”以外的否定词：

（a）副词：never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等。She seldom comes to see me. （她不常来看我。）

（b）形容词：no, few, little等 He has few friends in Hong Kong. （他在香港几乎没有朋友。）

（c）代词：nothing, nobody, none等。I found nobody about computer. （在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。）

二、疑问句

疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。

1、一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“yes或no”。 句型一：Be +主语+ …？Are these books on the desk？这些书在桌子上吗？

句型二：Do / Does / Did + 主语 +谓语+…？Do you like English？你喜欢英语吗？ 句型三：情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 +…？

Must I finish my homework now？我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗？

句型四：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词+…？

Have you heard from him？ 你收到他的来信吗？

另外，还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句，这种句子一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等，回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。例如：——Isn't he tall？难道他不高吗？

—— Yes, he is.不，他很高。

2、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what 、who 、whose 、which、 when、 where、 how 、why等。例如： who is singing in the room？

what class are you in﹖

3、选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or 连接，不能用yes或no回答，而是就其选择内容直接回答。这类疑问句有两种形式：

一种是：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？， 这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。例如：Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer？你是要喝杜松子酒，还是威士忌酒，还是啤酒？

另一种是：特殊疑问句+被选择部分（A）+or+被选择部分（B）？也是在语调上有所

区别。例如：Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one?

4、反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例如：They work hard， don't they？

She was ill yesterday, wasn't she？

They haven't been in beijing for three years, have they？

反义疑问句的回答用yes, no, 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如： They don't work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？

Yes， they do. 不，他们工作努力。No, they don't. 对， 他们工作不努力。 注意：

1）当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they.如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it.后面的疑问句应表示为： I am a student, aren't I

Everyone is in the classroom, aren't they?

Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn't it?

Nobody will go, will they?

2）当陈述部分是I think/believe/ expect/ suppose/imagine 加从句时，疑问句应

和从句的人称时态保持一致。I think chickens can swim, can't they?

3）当陈述部分是祈使句时，一般情况下用will you 或 won't you.

Give me a hand, will you?

4）以Let's开头的祈使句，疑问句必须用shall we；只有以Let usLet me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you.

5）There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there.

6）当陈述部分有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, barely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则必须用肯定式。

常见考法

对于陈述句和疑问句的考查，常会以单选，完形填空或句子填空的形式出现。考查知识点往往集中在反意疑问句的构成与回答、选择疑问句或陈述句与疑问句的转换方面。 典型例题：I don't think he is bright, ?

A is he B isn't he C do I D don't I

解析：本题考查反意疑问句的构成。当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。所以排除C和D；主句部分don't表明是否定句，所以后面应用肯定形式。

答案：A

误区提醒

对于反意疑问句的回答，一定要根据事实来回答，尤其是“前否定，后肯定”的反意疑问句的回答，更是我们容易出错的地方，一定要注意哦！

典型例题：——You've never seen dinosaur eggs, have you?

——_________. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.

A Yes, I have B No, I haven't C No, I have D Yes, I haven't

解析：本题考查反意疑问句的回答。根据答语“我多么希望去参观恐龙世界”可知他没去过恐龙世界，没见过恐龙蛋，根据“Yes+肯定事实”和“No+否定事实”的原则，可以得出答案。

答案：B

初中英语知识点总结：感叹句和祈使句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:41 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

一、感叹句

感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样，但主要的表现形式只有两种，即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。

1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：

1）What+a（an）+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！或是：What+名词词组+主语+谓语！ 如：What a fine day it is！

2） What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What kind women they are！What nice music it is！

2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ 例如：

How hard the workers are working！

How clever the girl is！

注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs！

3、what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。（具体见下）如：What an interesting story it is！==How interesting the story is！ what a beautiful building it is！==How beautiful the building is！

在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice present！（省略it is）How disappointed！（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）

二、祈使句

用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形，句尾用感叹号或句号。

1、肯定结构：

1）动词原形（+宾语）+其它成分。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

2）Be + 表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分。如：Be a good boy！ 要做一个好孩子！

3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

2、否定结构：

1）don't+动词原形+其他。如：Don't forget me！不要忘记我！Don't be late for school！上学不要迟到！

2）Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分。如：Let him not go. 别让他走。

3）有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking！禁止吸烟！

常见考法

对于感叹句和祈使句的考查，常会出现在单选和完成句子中，主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。

典型例题：You should not talk in class.（改写同义句）

in class.

解析：本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知，这是建议对方不要做某事的，应该用祈使句。

答案：Don't talk

误区提醒

感叹句中what 和how的用法区别，是很多学生头疼的地方，实际上区分它们并不难，只要记住：有形容词直接加名词的地方，或只有名次的地方，用what，反之用how. 典型例题：____ strange clothes he is wearing！

A. What a B. What C. How a

解析：题中strange clothes是形容词直接加名词构成的名词短语，应该用what，clothes是不可数名词，不能加a.

答案：B

初中英语知识点总结：宾语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:39 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序

和时态。

一、引导词

1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that，that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。例句：He told us （that）they would help us through the whole work.

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether，表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句：I don't know if there will be a bus any more.

3. 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句：He didn't tell me when we should meet again.

二、判断时态情况：

1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以为各种时态。

2.主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态。

注意：从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句时态不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。

例句：He answered that he was listening to me.

Father told me that practice makes perfect .

三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

陈述句语序，就是主语在前，谓语动词在后。

错误：He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.

正确：He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

注意：宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句

上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won't come to my party.

常见考法

对于宾语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。

典型例题：Please tell me ______ last year.

A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

C .where your sister works D where your sister worked

解析：本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以排除A和 B；last year 表示过去时 ，所以排除 C .

答案：D

误区提醒

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 ，但要注意当疑问词为主语时，句式为：疑问词+谓语+其他 ，问句和陈述句语序一样。

典型例题：I didn't know ？

A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her

C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her

解析：主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态，所以排除C和D；在what was wrong with her中，what作主语，所以问句本身又是陈述句语序，不用变化。

答案： B

初中英语知识点总结：时间状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:36 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等词引导。

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬时动词）

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper， I was watching TV. （was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生）I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

3、As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示”一边……一边“）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。 例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如：

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

二、时态问题

在状语从句中，有“主将从现”的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）

常见考法

对于时间状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择

连词，或从时态的角度设题，考查学生灵活运用的能力。

典型例题：I'm sure he will jump up when he the good news.

A . know B will know C. knows D knowing

解析：本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称，所以排除 A .

答案： C

误区提醒

When既可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导宾语从句，辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。

典型例题：I don't know when he next week. when he , please let me know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. will come, comes D. comes, will come

解析：第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”，when引导宾语从句 ，表示将来时，就用一般将来时will come；第二句话“当他来的时候，请让我知道”，when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来时，所以用 comes.

答案： C

初中英语知识点总结：结果状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:33 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

结果状语从句是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，结果状语从句常由so… that或 such…that引导。要掌握这两个句型，我们首先来了解一下so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

1、such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，such（+a/an）（+形容词）+名词+that；例如：

such a good book, such nice girls

2、so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词，“so+形容词/副词+that”。例如： so nice, so slowly

一般情况下，such+a+形容词+名=so+形容词+a\an+名 例如：

so nice a flower = such a nice flower

表达“如此多/少”时，常用so ，so与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。例如：so many people

so… that和 such…that都可译成“如此的···以至于···”，二者可以互换，（当so修饰副词的时候，二者往往不互换） 例句：

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.

常见考法

对于结果状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.

A. so B. and C. that D. as

解析：题干的意思是“他的计划如此好以至于我们都同意接受它”，that与前面的such呼应， 引导结果状语从句。

答案：A

误区提醒

结果状语从句中。除了要注意so… that和 such…that的区别外，还要注意它们和too……to do（太···而不能····）和enough +形容词/副词+to do（足够的···可以···）的转换。 典型例题：Ann is too young to go to school.（同义句转换）

Ann is go to school.

解析：原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上学”。那也就是说“安是如此的小，以至于她不能去上学”，根据所给出的空数，可以用so… that句型。

答案：so young that she can't

初中英语知识点总结：原因状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:30 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句，在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for等。例如：

1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。

2. Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了， 让我们开始开会吧。

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好， 你就不该熬夜。

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶，因为我有事要告诉她。

原因状语从句应注意的问题

1、because, since, as, for，辨析

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since.

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for.例：

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3） as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例:As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold.

2、because习惯上不与so连用

汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用：

正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.

误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。

3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后加的原因可以为好或坏 ，但最正规的还是because.

He can't come because he is ill. / He can't come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。

常见考法

对于原因状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. and B. for C. but D. or

解析："his eyesight was beginning to fail"是"he found it increasingly difficult to read"的原因， 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。

答案： B

误区提醒

除了because、since 、as、for这四个词的辨析外，对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后跟的是短语，because后跟的是句子。

典型例题：He didn't go to work the heavy rain.

A .because B.because of C.so D.since

解析：题干的意思是“由于那场大雨，他没有去上班”，the heavy rain.表示原因，排除C；since和because 表示原因，后面跟的是从句，也就是说必须是一个完整的句子，本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语。只是一个短语，所以排除A和C；because of表示“由于···”，后跟名词、代词或短语。

答案：B

初中英语知识点总结：条件状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:27 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有：if（如果）、unless（除非）或 as long as（只要）等。unless在意思上等于if……not.

一、条件状语从句用法

1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如：

If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。

2、unless = if……not. 除非，若不，除非在……的时候

例如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。

3、so/as long as只要

例句；You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清 洁，你就可以把我的书借去。

So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。

二、时态问题

在条件状语从句中，要注意“主将从现”的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will come to see you if I have time. 我有时间，我就来看你。 常见考法

对于条件状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从时态的角度设题，考查学生灵活运用的能力，或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：If he ___in half an hour, we ___wait for him.

A. won't come, won't B.won't come, don't

C.doesn't come, won't D.will come, don't

解析：本题考查条件状语从句“主将从现”的运用。题干的意思是“如果他一小时后不来，我们将不会等他了”，从“in half an hour”，“一小时后”可知本句说的是未来的事，那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时，主句要用一般将来时。

答案：C

误区提醒

if 既可以引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，也可以引导宾语从句，表达“是否”。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外，if 和unless的用法也需注意。

典型例题： ——I wonder if your wife to the party.

----If your wife _________, so will mine。.

A. will go, go B. will go, goes

C.goes, will go D. will go, will go

解析：第一句中if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，用将来时will go；第二句“如果你的妻子去，我的妻子也去”，if引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来时。your wife，单三人称主语，所以用goes.

答案：B

初中英语知识点总结：目的状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:24 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

顾名思义，用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由 that（以便）, so that（以便）, in order that（为了；以便）, Lest（免得；唯恐）, for fear that（生怕；以免）等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that（lest）he should forget it.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点：

（1）目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。例如： I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。

（2）在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如：

We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点，因此，我们听得清楚一点。

1、in order that与in order to的区别：

in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形 （in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句，叫目的状语）例如：

He got up early in order to take the first bus.

= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.（他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车）

目的状语从句的一个特点：由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态，比如上面句中的could.当然还可以用will，would，can，等 .

2、so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。

1）其引导结果状语从句时，so that翻译为“以至于……”，经常可以和so/such……that……转换，且从句只能放在主句之后。如：He got up late so that he was

late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.

2）其引导目的状语从句时，从句只能放在主句之后，此时可以和in order that换用。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.

常见考法

对于目的状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.

A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though

解析：题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西，安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语，because 表示原因，even though是“尽管”的意思，不符合题意。

答案：B

误区提醒

如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法，这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的，结果状语从句是分开的，即so…that. so that是目的状语从句，是为了什么什么，有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句，是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧！

典型例题：I get up so early I can not be late

A. that B . so that C.such that D.in order

解析：题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的，首先排除

C，因为such that本身是错误短语，在排除in order，因为它后面不能跟句子；因为句子中有so，所以大家可能选A，如果选它，那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”，显然说不通，所以排除。

答案： B

初中英语知识点总结：方式和地点状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:12 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

一、方式状语从句

1、方式状语从句通常由as, （just）as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1）as,（just） as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：

Please do as what I told you. 请按照我告诉你的做。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，例如：

He looks as if （as though）he had been hit by lightning. 他那样子就像被雷击了

似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

2、其他的引导词

1）the way: Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样，读这个单词。

2）口语常用的like: He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿，像是过生日似的。（这里用了虚拟语气，值得注意的是be动词用的was，而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were.）

地点状语从句表示地点、方位，这类从句通常由where，wherever引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成。

They will go where they are happy. 他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。

二、地点状语从句

1、地点状语从句类型

1）Where＋地点从句。此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”或“····的地方”。例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方. We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。

2）Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

二者区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词，则是定语从句。 where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。如：

Go back where you came from.（where引导地点状语从句）你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，修饰village）回到你来的那个村子里去。

3、地点状语从句的省略， 如:Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.（necessary前省略了where it is）在需要的地方填上冠词。

常见考法

对于方式和地点状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：She looks she is ill.

A as if B though C because D since

解析：as if 表示“好像”，though 表示“尽管”， because表示“因为”，since

表示“既然”，从题干的意思“看上去她好象是生病了，确定答案为A.

答案：A

误区提醒

单纯考查地点状语从句在初中阶段考试中出现的并不多，这种从句多是在完形填空和阅读短文中出现，以考查学生的理解能力。它和定语从句的区别是容易出错的地方。 典型例题：1、You should let your children play _________ you can see them.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

解析：题干的意思是“你应该让你的孩子在你能看见的地方玩”，句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词，所以不是定语从句。where 意为“在……的地方”，引导地点状语从句。 答案：A

2、Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

解析：题干的意思是“现在他在他父亲过去工作的那家工厂工作”，句中有表示地点的名词作先行词factory，所以where引导定语从句，表示地点。

答案：A

初中英语知识点总结：让步和比较状语从句

来源于网络 2012-10-23 10:04 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

一、让步状语从句

所谓让步，就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思，有一种转折关系在里面。引

导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether……or……, no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，“无论……”。用法如下：

1、though， although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：

Although/Though he is very old, （yet）he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。

值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。

2、as, though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. （=Though he works hard， he makes little progress.）尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。

3、 even if， even though 表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意，含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如：

We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。

4、whether……or……表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如：

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼 .

5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：

No matter what happened, he would not mind. （=Whatever happened， he would not mind.）无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。

但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever （=No matter what） you say， I won't believe you. （Whatever 引导让步状语从句）无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

I'll eat whatever （≠no matter what） you give me. （whatever引导宾语从句）你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。

二、比较状语从句

比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说，它也是一种方式状语从句，例如：

He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。

He works as hard as his brother（does）. 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。

常见考法

对于让步和比较状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.

A Although B As C When D If

解析：本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了，工人们仍然在工厂工作”，前后有转折关系，是让步状语从句。

误区提醒

用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如： 不能说：Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.

而要说：Though he looks weak, he is healthy.

或者说：He looks weak, but he is healthy.

典型例题：Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.

A but B / C and

解析：题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了，他还是按时到达了学校”，前后是转折关系，有同学可能会选A，但hough/although和but不能同时使用，所以选B.

答案：B

初中英语知识点总结：主谓一致

来源于网络 2012-10-23 09:49 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

知识点总结

在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。

一、语法一致

主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：

He often helps me learn English. （主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 。

My friends often help me learn English. （主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）

但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：

1、不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。

2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。

例如：Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。

3、表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

例如：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。

4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400.

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。

例如：On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边，有些人在打排球。

Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。

A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。

6、有些表示数量的百分数，分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词，或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。

例如：A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱。

A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。

二、意义一致

这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。

1）当主语后面接由but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, including, more

than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

例如：The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。

The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。

我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

2）表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

3）形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 例如：The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。

4）由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人）

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）

5）集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等。

例如：The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。

The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。

6）一些形式为复数，意思为单数的名词，如：trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的。

但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数。

如：This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.

三、就近原则

这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …等。

例如： Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。

常见考法

对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。 典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last

night.

A. is B. are C. were D. was

解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致，本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

答案：D

误区提醒

主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数，分数短语作主语的情况。

典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

A. were B. is C. was D. are

解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C.

答案：B

范文三：初中英语常考知识点

1 see、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

2(比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I’m afraed togo out at night I’m afraid of dog

22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I’m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowedto watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don’t be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心

33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 befriendly to sb 对某人友好

36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?

37 be full of 装满……的 be filledwith 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water

38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康

45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I’m like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He’s strict inobeying noles

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed todo 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大脑(老师) 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通过考试

69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He isused to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let’s begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I’m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He’s bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止

83 callsb sth eg : We call him old wang

84 care 关心 eg : Don’t you care about this country’s future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来

89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州? 92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错

97 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don’t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……

99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢

102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: Theprisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么

106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the bookinteresting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to gohome I forget closing door

112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: Fromme for her

113 get /have sth down 做完，被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了) Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了) 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = geton well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处

117 getready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for mathI am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 119 get sb to do sth

120 get…from… 从某处得到某物

121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳

124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of

126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法

128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈

131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since 132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴

134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I havenothing to do 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必须做某事

136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have…time +doing

138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处

141 help sb with sth \one’s sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

145 if : 是否=wether eg: I don’t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

146 if :如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句 eg: I’ll go to LuZhou if it does’t rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east东 ) 151 in the sun 在太阳下

152 increase 增加 eg : They’ve increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

153 instead of +(名 ) 代替 eg: I’d like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj ofsb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important tome

163 It's time to do sth It’s time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It’s time for class 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样? 167 keep out 不让 …… 进入

168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: Iwant to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙

171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others Welanghed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学

173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from LeiFeng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事

176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： Weshouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望

177 live from :离某地远

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看

180 lose one's way 谁迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to makefriends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my stepmoller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must madeyour bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样

188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成 190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事

197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)

198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry anymore He cried no more 他再也不哭

201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He’s not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一点都不

203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either Idon't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才…… eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying untilI give her sugar

205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供

206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : Ioffer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水

207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时

211 one day =some day =someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个 214 over and over again 一遍又一遍 215 say to oneself 对自己说 216 please +do

217 please hepl yourself

218 part-time job 兼职工作 full-time job全职工作 219 please with sb. 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing

222 prefer sth.to sth. 相对... 更喜欢 223 pay for

范文四：初中英语知识点[1]

初中英语知识点梳理及操练

初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择，来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时，不但要从语法角度去考虑，而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样，才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。

这一大题需要注意的是：在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外，还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中，有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的，因此，不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点，学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累，在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外，在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。

一. 冠词:

冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”。

例题解析:

( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher.

A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the

“over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey.

A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the

“piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。

( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company.

A) / B) a C) an D) the

“manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法：

1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall（长城）

2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park

3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：the Dongting Lake

4. 一般用“单数名词加‘a’；复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的意思。

习题训练：

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. There is _____ “u” in _____ word “uniform.”.

A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the

( ) 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake.

A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the

( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience.

A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of

( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival.

A) the B) an C) a D) /

( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia.

A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A

( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China.

A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /

( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet.

A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the

( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____.

A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic

C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic

( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk.

A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's

二.名词:

名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)??等。总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。

例题解析:

( ) His grandfather is _____.

A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green

英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“B”。

( ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground.

A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's

英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground.

A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep

这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____.

A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists

“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble.

A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys

英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.

A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words

“据说”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”??等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____.

A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own

“catch one’s eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”??等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____.

A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair

要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发”，是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。

习题训练：

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you.

A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news

( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. _____ are sitting at table.

A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens

( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine.

A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like

( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______.

A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste

( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana.

A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet

( ) 6. What kind of ______ do you like best?

A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons

( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the ______ about eating habits.

A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner

三.代词:

代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们一定要有充分的认识，不能掉以轻心。

例题解析:

( ) Would you please give _____?

A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him

英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，一定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) She always thinks of _____ more than _____.

A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself

在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _____ prefer TV series.

A) the others B) the other C) others D) another

在英语中，“一些??，另一些??”有两种译法：“Some …, the others …”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况，而“Some …, others …”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息，而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) The light in the room was too poor for _____ to see it clearly.

A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none

英语中，“too … to”意为“太??而不能”，具有否定的含义。因此，“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) _____ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.

A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of

带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of”（意为“其中一些”）、“much of”（意为“其中许多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多数”）??等。“the mose of”（意为“其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥，所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid _____ day is possible

A) either B) each C) both D) neither

在英语中，有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法：“both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”

意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”， 所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _____ two are downstairs.

A) other B) the other C) others D) the others

在英语中，“另两个”的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的，因此，必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”，因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“B”。

( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _____ on Table Two.

A) that B) those C) dishes D) /

要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比较，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。

( ) There are more people in this room than _____ in that one.

A) that B) those C) people D) /

要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比较级句型中，习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

习题训练：

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. Show your watch ______ me. ______ is slow.

A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My

( ) 2. ______ do you like ______, the summer holidays or the winter holidays?

A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D) Which, best

( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _____ taken in her housing estate.

A) herself B) her C) her’s D) myself

( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _____ among _____.

A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us

C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves

( ) 5. I’ll do it by myself. I won’t need _____ help.

A) anyone’s else B) anyone else’s C) anyone others’ D) other anyone’s

( ) 6. I heard _____ until my friend told me about it.

A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything

( ) 7. Would you like _____ more bread, Jack?

A) any B) another C) little D) a little

( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _____ didn’t.

A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest

( ) 9. He doesn't think _____ of them will go there with you.

A) none B) some C) many D) much

( )10. The film is dull and _____ people like it.

A) a few B) few C) a little D) little

( )11. Have you all _____?

A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for

C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything

( )12. Help _____ to some sweets, everyone.

A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself

( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _____ is a driver.

A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other

( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _______.

A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves

( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _____ of them is mine.

A) either B) none C) both D) neither

( )16. Neither of the twins _____ the toy train.

A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like

四.数词:

数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。

例题解析:

( ) About _____ students went to the picture show that day.

A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred

“about”意为“大约”，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）。在表示确定数量时，英语中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) _____ of _____ Class Four students have joined the singing group.

A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, /

英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用短横“–”连接。当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”，要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样，“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _____ ones, three times as many as John.

A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight

( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _____.

A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen

( ) 3.Today is her brother’s birthday. _____ is on _____.

A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth D) Hers, May the fifth

( ) 4. _____ of the students go to school by bike.

A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third

( ) 5.There are about _____ seats in the hall.

A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of

( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _____.

A) In one week’s time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month

( ) 7. About _____ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.

A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds

五.介词:

介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。

例题解析:

( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _____ the night before last.

A) in B) on C) at D) /

在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”，与“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) The school gate is ______ the north of the classroom building.

A) in B) to C) on D) at

在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：The playground is in the south of the school.（操场在学校的南面。）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词“on”。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.（203室在205室的西面。）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“B”。

( ) You’ll get one thousand dollars _____.

A) after all B) at all C) in all D) all together

“after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) This bus can run _____ 70 miles an hour.

A) for B) with C) at D) in

在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) It’s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o’clock that afternoon.

A) on B) at C) until D) by

“at two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“过去进行时”；“by two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”， 时态通常用“过去完成时”；“until two o’clock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”， 时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话，就应该用“not …until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) Tom didn’t attend the lecture yesterday evening _____ his illness.

A) as B) for C) because D)because of

在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) Now it’s quite important _____ us to make full use of time.

A) for B) to C) of D) with

“It’s important to sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，“It’s … for sb. to do …”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同样，“I like it so much that …”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这种类型的表达方式。

( ) It’s nice _____ you to get the ticket _____ F1. It’s said the car-race is very exciting.

A) of, for B) for, for C) of, of D) for, of

这句是“It’s … of sb. to do”句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. You can draw it ______ paints and brushes.

A) by B) with C) in D) use

( ) 2. What did you have ______ breakfast?

A) as B) with C) about D) for

( ) 3. The police _____ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _____.

A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, /

( ) 4. I’ve got three question _____ you to think about.

A) of B) for C) give D) to show

( ) 5. We can ask people _____ the Festival to do the quiz.

A) in B) on C) at D) for

( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _____ a glass of warm water?

A) on B) off C) out D) into

( ) 7. _____ they arrived at the village after all.

A) At the end B) In the end C) Last D) Attentively

( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _____ Christmas cards _____ some of the students.

A) to, by B) / , by C) to, from D) / , to

( ) 9. Q: What is that film _____? A: It’s a science film.

A) like B) about C) on D) for

( )10. Why not ask your friend _____ some advice if you’re really in trouble?

A) offer B) to give C) to D) for

( )11. The beautiful house is _____ sale. But it won’t be _____ sale.

A) on, for B) for, on C) with, for D) with, on

( )12. The weather here was _____ cold last week.

A) a kind B) a kind of C) kind of D) kinds of

( )13. The singing group is made _____ four handsome lads.

A) of B) from C) up of D) up from

( )14. Something _____ wrong _____ my watch, I'm afraid.

A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in

( )15. There _____ a man and two women _____ the picture.

A) is, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in

( )16. Mary doesn’t know what lies ahead. _____ , she’s only 12.

A) At all B) In all C) After all D) For all

( )17. Should we _____ the postage _____ the parcel by ourselves?

A) pay, on B) pay, of C) pay for, on D) pay for, of

( )18. Alice _____ her service to the public.

A) was awarded the prize for B) was deserved to get the prize for

C) was proud for D) was pleased for

六.动词:

例题解析:

( ) Look. Mary _____ a nice dog. She _____ it just now.

A) has drawn, drew B) drew, has drawn C) is drawing, drew D) is drawing, has drawn

在“Look”、“It’s evening”、“Where is sb. …?”等句子后面，可能要用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完

成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为“刚才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) This kind of fridge _____ very well.

A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold

在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of fridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“B”。

( ) What _____ Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much.

A) happens with B) happens to C) happened with D) happened to

在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took place”，要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news?

Jack: No, you __________. He’s already known it.

A) can’t B) mustn’t C) needn’t D) don’t

本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must I do …?”、“Shall I do …?”、“Would you like me to do …?”问句后面都可以用“No, you needn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该选“C”。在“May I …?”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1. No, you mustn’t. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you can’t. 4.I’m afraid you can’t. 5. No, you can’t.

( ) _____ clothes are usually _____ near a fire in winter.

A) Washed, hung B) Washed, hanged C) Washing, hung D) Washing, hanged

“washed”意为“被洗过的”，可以修饰“衣服”；“washing”意为“正在洗的”，它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) The book _____ by me. I _____ it to a friend of mine.

A) is written, sent B) is written, have sent

C) was written, sent D) was written, have sent

“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作，该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”，那就是指书的特点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完成时。这种类型的时态，学生最容易错，千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) Mr. Jackson _____ the city quite well since he _____ in the city for a couple of years.

A) knows, was B) has known, was C) knows, has been D) has known, has been

本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由于”，与“as”近义。根据句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情况，要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) Could you tell me _____?

A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it

由于“do”通常用作及物动词，因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要，为了熟记它，可以背一句口诀：“how to do it, what to do”。

( ) English is his favourite subject. He can _____ it very fluently.

A) say B) talk C) speak D) tell

由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动

词，后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作不及物动词用，也可作及物动词，宾语只能是语言。“tell”的宾语有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等。“say”可跟的宾语最多，不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示；即我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的内涵，即注意到它的真正含义是什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性：例1. A recorder is used to learn English in our class. 例2. His spoken English is poor. ( ) Mr. Black is the manager of this company. He _____ this company.

A) takes charge of B) is responsible to C) is in the charge of D) has the duty from

在英语中，“他负责这家公司”有多种说法，如：在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系，不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。

( )10. Please _____ the city map before you go sightseeing.

A) look at B) have a look C) watch D) read

在英语中，“看”在不同场合有不同的译法。“look at”意为“粗略地看”；“have a look”意为“看一下”，其后不能跟宾语；“watch”意为“注视、仔细地看”，虽然可以跟“地图”搭配，但是，它只是表示一种“看”的状态，没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”，意为“阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。 习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. They _____ any food. They’ve got plenty of _____ for the picnic.

A) needn’t, it B) needn’t, them C) don’t need, it D) don’t need, them

( ) 2. His favourite _____ is _____ a taxi driver.

A) job, to be B) job, / C) work, to be D) work, /

( ) 3. Why does _____ like _____ this uniform?

A) he not, wearing B) not he, wearing C) he not, wear D) not he, wear

( ) 4. You can not only learn _____ make the delicious drink, you can also _____ it.

A) to , eat B) to, eat C) how to, enjoy D) how to, enjoy

( ) 5. Have you all _____ your pens yet?

A) prepared B) prepared for C) preparation D) preparation for

( ) 6. Danny practises _____ twice _____ week.

A) to swim, a B) to swim, every C) swimming, a D) swimming, every

( ) 7. You must _____ to catch fish here near the pond.

A) not try B) try not C) not to try D) to try not

( ) 8. When we _____ on the air-conditioner in summer, we feel more comfortable.

A) sit B) put C) turn D) open

( ) 9. Would you mind _____ the window ?

A) my closing B) my close C) to close D) for close

( )10. The teacher kept the pupils ______ for five hours.

A) waiting B) to wait C) to waiting D) waits

( )11. Mr. Green _____ China for six years.

A) has been in B) has been to C) has come to D) has gone to

( )12. They could hardly understand what the engineer said, ______?

A) couldn't they B) didn't they C) could they D) did they

( )13. Tell him _____ afraid of dogs.

A) not be B) not to be C) don't be D) won't be

( )14. If he _____ here tomorrow, please tell him when his uncle _____.

A) will come, comes B) comes, comes C) comes, will come D) will come, will come

( )15. The postage on the parcel _____ me a lot of money.

A) took B) spend C) paid D) cost

( )16. Have you _____ who took away your key ?

A) found B) found out C) looked for D) got

( )17. Paris isn't the capital of Britain, is it ? _____.

A) Yes, it is B) No, it isn't C) Yes, it isn't D) No, it is

( )18. The boss made the workers _____ for hours.

A) work B) to work C) working D) works

( )19. My hope is _____ an engineer in 10 years' time.

A) become B) to become C) becoming D) became

( )20. We will go to the factory to work for _____.

A) sometimes B) some time C) some times D) sometime

( )21. Which subject do you _____, English or maths ?

A) like best B) prefer best C) like most D) prefer

( )22. If it is true, it _____ many interesting questions.

A) is raised B) rose C) raises D) rises

( )23. Please your hands if you’ve got the answer.

A) put up B) set up C) get up D) make up

( )24. By the age of ten, the little girl her first collection of poems. She’s now very famous.

A) has published B) had published C) published D) would publish

( )25. Mary should _____ at once.

A) operate on B) be operated C) be operated on D) operate

( )26. Do you mind my using your dictionary for a while? _____.

A) Of course not B) Yes, please C) It doesn't matter D) Yes, here you are

( )27. Where _____? To the teachers' office.

A) have you gone B) has he gone C) is he going to D) have you been to

( )28. Please _____ make the same mistake again, Tom.

A) don’t try to B) try don’t to C) try to not D) try not to

( )29. Q: _____ you _____ Jim this morning? A: Yes. I _____ him just now.

A) Have…seen, saw B) Did…see, saw

C) Have…seen, have seen D) Did…see, have seen

( )30. English is the language _____ in Australia, isn’t it?

A) using B) used C) speaking D) is spoken

( )31. When you go out, don’t forget to keep the windows _____.

A) open B) opening C) opened D) to open

( )32. We _____ the lady was good at skiing.

A) told B) wondered C) were asked D) were told

( )33. Sorry, I _____ understand the business letter. Because it _____ written in English.

A) don’t, is B) don’t, was C) didn’t, is D) didn’t, was

( )34. Some boys were seen _____ into the hospital.

A) going B) entering C) taking D) to send

( )35. He, with another policewoman, _____ the streets in City Centre.

A) walk on B) walk around C) walks on D) walks around

( )36. The soup bowl _____. _____ it _____ yesterday?

A) was broken, Was…broken B) is broken, Was…broken

C) was broken, Did…break D) is broken, Has…broken

( )37. Unluckily, they were _____ with a big storm halfway.

A) caught B) come across C) met D) happened

( )38. He is poor at spoken English. He can’t even _____ a word of it.

A) say B) talk C) speak D)tell

( )39. Jack _____ be absent today. I saw him playing in the playground a moment ago.

A) mustn’t B) needn’t C) isn’t able to D) can’t

( )40. You should go on _____ the text until you _____ able to recite it.

A) reading, are B) reading, were C) to read, will be D) to read, were

( )41. Q: Must we do eye exercises every day, Miss Liu? A: I’m afraid _____.

A) you mustn’t B) you must C) you needn’t D) you can’t

( )42. We may _____ each other somewhere before.

A) meet B) met C) have met D) to meet

( )43. He doesn’t know _____ next.

A) how to do B) what to do it C) when to do D) where to go

( )44. The lady thinks she is too fat, and she is planning _____ now.

A) to keep fit B) reduce his weight C) to go on a diet D) stop her from eating

( )45. The house is on fire. Let’s go and _____ the fire together.

A) put off B) put out C) put down D) put away

( )46. It’s _____ these days. You’d better _____ your greatcoat before you go out.

A) snowing, in B) snowy, wear C) snowing, have on D) snowy, put on

( )47. His family used to _____ in the past.

A) go hungry B) be hungry C) going hungry D) being hungry

( )48. Never forget _____ “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.

A) to speak B) to say C) speaking D) saying

( )49. The music _____ so wonderful that I liked it very much.

A) looked B) heard C) listened D) sounded

( )50. The flat _____ him nearly all his money.

A) cost B) took C) spent D) paid

( )51. You may _____ the book for another week.

A) borrow B) lend C) keep D) hold

( )52. He _____ go to work by bike but now he _____ taking a bus

A) is used to, is used to B) used to, used to

C) is used to, used to D) used to, is used to

( )53. The music is nice. But it's too loud. Please _____ the radio.

A) turn down B) turn up C) turn on D) turn off

( )54. A: _____ I play football now? B: No, you mustn't.

A) Need B) Must C) May D) Will

( )55.What _____ you _____ I'm a teacher?

A) makes, to think B) make, to think C) makes, think D) make, think

( )56. What did you _____ at the meeting?

A) talk B) speak C) tell D) say

( )57. Let's go for a walk after supper, _____?

A) will you B) don’t we C) shan’t we D) shall we

( )58. Neither he nor I _____ good at drawing.

A) am B) is C) are D) don't

( )59. A: What's in the box? B: _____ in it.

A) There are letters B) It is a letter C) They are letters D) There is a letter

( )60. It _____ me half an hour to get there.

A) spends B) pays C) takes D) costs

七.形容词和副词:

英语中，形容词和副词有级的变化。在两个范围内，应该用比较级，它的修饰词有这样几个：much, far, a lot(得多); a little(一点); even(甚至于还要); still(更加)。在三个以上范围内，应该用最高级，它常伴随的词语有这样几个：in﹢sp.(表达地点范围)；of、among﹢数词、代词或复数名词(表达个数范围)；… that I ever seen(表达整体范围)。但是有不少单词仍要求用原级，它们是：very …；so …；quite …；too …；… enough；as … as等；此外在感叹句中也应该用原级。

在连系动词后，通常要用形容词作表语，不能用副词。英语中的连系动词分三大类：1.be动词 2.意为“变”的动词，如：turn green；change fatter；get warmer；become smaller等 3.感官动词，如：look worried；sound true；taste delicious；smell terrible；feel hot。此外，还有个别行为动词也可作连系动词用，如：grow taller(长高)；go hungry(挨饿)??等。不过还应该注意到，有些副词是可以修饰be动词的，如：possibly；probably；still；nearly；indeed …等。 例题解析:

( ) The knife is _____ enough for you to cut the meat.

A) blunt B) cheap C) sharp D) fast

本题意为“刀够快，你可以切肉”。本句中的“快”意为“锋利”，该用“sharp”。“blunt”意为“钝”，是“sharp”的反义词；“cheap”意为“便宜”，用在这里不妥；“fast”也译作“快”，但是，它所表示的是“速度”的程度。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( )16. Grandmother wakes up early. She _____ gets up late, does she?

A) few B) little C) seldom D) usually

应该用副词来修饰行为动词“get up”。“few”与“little”是形容词，都不能用在句子中。副词“usually”虽可用于修饰“get up”，但是，它的反意疑问句该用“doesn’t she”来反问。“seldom”与“not”、“no”、“never”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“none”、“little”、“few”、“hardly”、“scarcely”、“rarely”相仿，在语法上有否定的特点；即它们在位的句子在语法上都属于否定句，因此，它的反意疑问句该用“does she”来反问。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) If you want to learn a language well, you must use it as _____ as possible.

A) hard B) long C) often D)soon

本句的关键词是“use”(使用)，与“hard”(努力)不宜搭配。“as long as possible”意为“尽可能长久”，“as soon as possible”意为“尽快”，都不宜与“使用英语”搭配；与“学好语言”之意不符。只有“as often as possible”(尽可能经常)与“使用英语”搭配才贴切。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) This is really a large amount of money. But it is _____ than we need.

A) much fewer B) less much C) far more D) far less

“but”是表示“意思转折”的连词，因此，这里不能说“多得多”，要说“少得多”。“多”(many, much)的比较级都是“more”；但是“少”(few, little)的比较级有可数(fewer)与不可数(less)之分，平时学生往往会忽略“fewer”的用法。本句的意思是“这确实是一大笔钱，但是要比我们所需要的数量少得多。”这里指的是数量，而在英语中数量的表达是属于不可数的。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) Glad you’re much better now. But you have to stay in bed for _____ two weeks.

A) other B) more C) again D) another

“再卧床两星期”可译为“stay in bed for another two weeks”或“stay in bed for two more weeks”，所以本题答案应该选“D”。要特别注意第二种说法中“more”的位置；它要放在数词的后面、名词的前面。

( ) It was said that he was _____ at the meeting yesterday afternoon.

A) attended B) joined C) present D) absent

在英语中，“出席会议”可译为“attend the meeting”或“be present at the meeting”；“缺席会议”可译为“be absent from the meeting”。“join”意为“加入”，后面可以跟表示人群或组织的名词作宾语，它不能用“会议”作宾语。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“present”除了有形容词“出席的”意思外，还有名词“礼物”(gift) 和“目前”的意思，如：at the present(当前；即nowadays)。

( ) Look. The _____ baby hasn’t woken up yet.

A) sleeping B) sleepy C) asleep D) slept

“sleepy”意为“睡眼惺忪的”，没有“睡着”之意。“slept”(睡着)是“sleep”的过去式或过去分词，它不能用作“baby”的定语。“asleep”(睡着的)在英语中只能用作表语，即后面不能跟名词，如：fall asleep。“sleeping”(睡着的)在英语中可作定语、表语，还可以作为动名词用作主语、宾语或作为现在分词用在分词短语中。本题意为“你看，那个睡着的婴儿还没醒来”，只能用“sleeping”来修饰名词“baby”，所以答案应该选“A”。

( ) A child may feel _____ if he has no sister or brother in his family.

A) lone B) lonely C) alone D) along

“lone”(孤单的)表示状态，通常用作定语；“alone”(孤单的)也表示状态，通常用作表语，它还可以用作副词，意为“单独”（by oneself; without anyone’s help）；“lonely”(孤单的) 表示心情，通常与“feel”连用；“along”作介词有“沿着”之意，作副词时可替换“on”。本句之意是“如果在家里没有弟妹，孩子会感到孤单”，所以答案应该选“B”。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. Stay with us. ______ we will have Lantern Festival.

A) Now B) Then C) Quickly D) Soon

( ) 2. You’d better wear scarves and gloves. Then you’ll be ______.

A) warm enough B) warmer enough C) enough warm D) enough warmer

( ) 3. It’s ______ here ______ Qing Ming Festival.

A) raining, on B) raining, at C) rainy, on D) rainy, at

( ) 4. You are ______ as my cousin, I think.

A) as healthy B) so healthy C) healthier D) less healthy

( ) 5. Mr. Ling had an unhealthy diet and did ______ exercise.

A) never B) not C) no D) a little

( ) 6. He does a lot of different things _____.

A) either B) also C) as well D) so

( ) 7. There was usually a jam because of the _____ traffic.

A) big B) busy C) heavy D) much

( ) 8. Joe is _____. He never makes his bed or tidies his room.

A) bright B) safe C) delicious D) lazy

( ) 9. The driver was tired and almost immediately fell _____.

A) sleepy B) sleeping C) asleep D) sleep

( )10. She liked the white cat _____ much that she kept _____ it there for a long time.

A) so, watching B) very, watching C) so, to watch D) very, to watch

( )11. _____ my opinion, the bear is still _____.

A) To, alive B) To, living C) In, alive D) To, living

( )12. Mrs. Blue is _____ at home. I saw her _____ the gate just now.

A) probably, entering B) probably, enter C) possibly, entering D) possible, enter

( )13. It’s not easy to learn English well, we need to practise as _____ as possible.

A) soon B) more C) much D) harder

( )14. This morning I got up earlier _____.

A) than usually B) than usual C) than usually do D) than I usually

( )15. Water can be turned into ice if the temperature is _____ enough.

A) little B) cold C) cool D) low

( )16. Jack did it more carefully than _____ in the team.

A) any boy B) any other girl C) any other boys D) any of the other boys

( )17. He never smokes. _____ does his father.

A) So B) Neither C) Also D) Too

( )18. People _____ over there don't speak English.

A) / B) is C) live D) are

( )19. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is _____ TV tower in Asia.

A) the higher B) higher C) highest D) a very high

( )20. We believe that Tim can run _____ to win the first prize.

A) too fast B) so fast C) fast enough D) enough fast

( )21. Most of us like to buy these Teddy Bears. They look so _______.

A) nicely B) well C) beautifully D) lovely

( )22. Jerry is a CEO of a famous company. He is as _____ as a bee.

A) busy B) brave C) blind D) bright

( )23. Mary was still _____, so she had one more cake.

A) thirsty B) cold C) hungry D) angry

( )24. － Do you mind if I turn the TV a bit?

－Yes, I do. I’m busy with my homework now.

A) on B) up C) down D) off

八.宾语从句:

整个句子是一个动词或一个介词的宾语，这样的句子就叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是整个复合句的一部分，因此它的变化必然会受到前面主句的影响。在一般情况下，主句的时态如果是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也必须作相应的调整，即由“一般现在时”变为“一般过去时”、 由“现在进行时”变为“过去进行时”、 由“现在完成时”变为“过去完成时”、 由“一般将来时”变为“过去将来时”。此外，还要根据句意，对其他各种词语作相应的调整，如：you → he；ago → before；next week → the next week，… 等。

但是，也有例外；即带有真理性质的“一般现在时”不变。“真理”通常有以下几种表达形式：1.宇宙、自然界的规律活动 2.类似于光速比音速快的固定法则 3.没有时间概念的词义或句意，如：He asked me what this word means.

“疑问句”作宾语从句时，要注意把词序作必要的调整，即要象肯定句和否定句那样，先写主语、后写谓语动词。因此，在宾语从句中不该有表示倒叙形式的助动词“do”、“does”、“did”。

例题解析:

( ) Please tell me _____ this afternoon.

A) that it rains B) that it will rain C) if it rains D) if it will rain

前句“Please tell me”带有疑问色彩，因此关联词要用疑问代词或疑问副词，或用也带有疑问色彩的从属连词“if”(是否)，不能选不带疑问色彩的从属连词“that”。再根据“this afternoon”(今天下午)之意，选表示经常下雨的“it rains”词语是不妥的。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) I don’t think you will pass the history examination, _____?

A) do I B) don’t I C) will you D) won’t you

这是一句特殊的反意疑问句。因为按照语法说成“do I”是毫无意义和违背常情的，因此该句要根据从句中的动词来进行反问才合乎逻辑。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) We haven’t discussed _____ we should do like that.

A) about if B) about how C) whether D) if

“discuss”是及物动词，与动词“serve”相仿，后面要直接跟宾语。“讨论关于??”是汉语中的习惯说法，学生往往会错误地选用“about”回答。因此，我们在学英语时，要特别注意汉语思路的干扰。“whether”、“if”都有“是否”之意，一般情况下可以通用。但是，在以下几种情况下都应该用“whether”：1.在句首作主语从句时。2. 与“… or not”连用成词组时。3.作介词后的宾语从句时。 4. 在“discuss”后作宾语从句时。 5. 跟不定式“to do…”时。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) Could you tell me _____?

A) what was the matter with him B) what the matter was with him

C) what’s the matter with him D) what the matter is with him

这是句主谓语不需要调整的特殊的“宾语从句”，因此，只要注意时态的变化就可以了。由于“Could you …?”句型与“Would you …?”句型相仿，它是口语中表示客套的一种虚拟语气，不表达“过去时”，因此，后面从句中的动词不需要作调整，整个从句跟原来的疑问句的说法完全相同。所以本题答案应该选“C”。在英语中，这种特殊的“宾语从句”为数不多，再记一句“Which is the way to …?”与它相仿即可。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. Miss Blue wanted to know _____ during the summer holidays.

A) where I had gone B) where I had been C) where had I gone D) where had I been

( ) 2. Would you please tell _____?

A) which is the way to the Park Hotel B) which the way is to the Park Hotel

C) which the way to the Park Hotel is D) which way to the Park Hotel is

( ) 3. I asked her _____.

A) which he liked best one C) which one did she like best

C) which one does she like best D) which one she liked best

( ) 4. The teacher asked us _____.

A) why didn't we tell him about it earlier B) when I have finished my work

C) what we were interested in D) where are we going to have our lunch

( ) 5. I’d be interested to know ____ come before 9:00 a.m..

A) that he will B) that he would C) if he will D) whether he would

( ) 6. The teacher told us that ____.

A) the earth turns round the sun. B) the earth turned round the sun.

C) the sun turns round the earth. D) the sun turned round the earth.

( ) 7. As a matter of fact, I really didn’t know ____.

A) that he meant. B) what he meant C) that did he mean D) what did he mean

九.并列连词:

并列连词用于两个并列的简单句中。表示“承上启下”概念的有“and”(并且)、“so”(所以)??等。表示“两者取一”概念的有“or”(或者)、“otherwise”(否则)??等。表示“彼此矛盾”概念的有“but”(但是)、“while”(而)??等。

例题解析:

( ) It’s said Yang Liwei will come here tonight, _____ I’m not sure.

A) and B) however C) but D) so

后半句“I’m not sure”(我不信)与前句的句意有转折的意思，应该用表示具有转折意思的并列连词“but”才对。“and”是具有“承上启下”意思的并列连词；“so”是具有因果关系的并列连词。“however”(然而)也有转折意思，但是它是副词，用时要用逗号“，”撇开。

( ) The boy is too short to reach _____ the book _____ the magazine on the shelf.

A) both, and B) either, or C) neither, nor D) not, but

“both … and”通常用于表示肯定意思的句型，“not … but”意为“不是??而是”，用在这里都不妥。该句中句型“too … to”(太??而不能)本身带有否定含义，因而不能再选带有否定意思的“neither … nor”(既不??也不)了。所以本题答案应该选“B”，意为“男孩太矮，他既拿不到书架上的书，也拿不到书架上的杂志”。

( ) _____ Tom _____ Mary is busy. You’d better play with others.

A) Both, and B) Neither, nor C) Either, or D) Not only, but also

根据后句“You’d better play with others”(你最好跟别人玩)的意思，前句应该说两人都忙着。因此，该句不能选“Neither … nor”(表示两人都不忙)或“Either … or”(表示有一人忙)。由于该句中动词用的是单三形式“is”，因此不能选要求动词用复数形式的句型“both … and”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。 句型“Not only … but also”与句型“Either … or”和“Neither … nor”相仿；要求动词跟后面一个人称变化。

( ) Nobody else _____ I likes to watch it.

A) and B) or C) but D) nor

该句用的是“not … but”句型，所以本题答案应该选“C”。要注意句中的动词是根据前面人称“Nobody”变化的。此外，“together with”和“as well as”句型中的动词也是根据前面人称变化的。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. Don’t worry. You can say it _____ in English _____ in Chinese.

A) both, and B) either, or C) not only, also D) not, also

( ) 2. In fact, _____ but I is keen on the fierce dinosaur in the film.

A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody

( ) 3. The wall was pulled to the ground, _____ the noise brought many people running there.

A) so B) but C) while D) and

( ) 4. You’d better call a taxi, _____ you won’t be able _____ catch the plane.

A) then, / B) and, to C) or, / D) or, to

( ) 5. Though he is very young, _____ he is the manager here.

A) but B) however C) while D) /

( ) 6. Physics is too difficult to me, it’s interesting and useful.

A) so B) or C) and D) but

( ) 7. she is over sixty, she is still learning computer skills.

A) Since B) If C) Although D) Unless

十.关联词:

关联词用于主从复合句中。关联词有：从属连词“that”、“if”、“whether”、“although”；疑问代词“who”、“what”、“which”；疑问副词“when”、“why”??等。

例题解析:

( ) I will like everything _____ you are willing to buy for me.

A) that B) what C) if D) whether

“if”(假如、是否)和“whether”(是否)都不宜用在该句。该句的主句已有一个宾语“everything”，而从句却少了个宾语，要用关联词“that”才对。只有当主、从句都缺少宾语时，才该用关联词“what”。因此“what”意为“something that”、“all that”、“the word that”??等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

( ) Although they are young, _____ they know how to serve _____ the customers.

A) but, / B) but, for C) / , / D) / , for

在英语中,“although”、“but”分别有“虽然??但是”的意思，在一句中不能重叠使用。与此相仿，“because”、“so”也分别有“因为??所以”之意，在一句中也不能重叠使用。后半句的“为那些顾客服务”不能加介词“for”；因为“serve”(服务于) 是及物动词，它应该直接跟宾语“the customers”(那些顾客)。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

( ) I wonder _____ he will come before 9:00 p.m..

A) what B) that C) when D) if

主句“I wonder”(我想知道)带有疑问色彩，因此，答案不能选不带疑问意思的关联词“that”。又由于后半句宾语从句对时间已有所交代，而且用的“come”是不及物动词，不宜跟宾语，因此，该句选“if”(是否)才对。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

( ) It’s _____ that I’d like to buy it.

A) so nice doll B) such nice doll C) such nice a doll D) so nice a doll

“so … that”和“such .. that”句型是由“that”作关联词的结果状语从句。“so”(那样地)是副词，用于修饰后面的副词或形容词；“such”(那样的)是形容词，用于修饰后面的名词。因此，“那样漂亮的一个洋娃娃”可译为“such a nice doll”或“so nice a doll”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。同理，感叹句“他是多聪明的孩子啊！”可译为“What a clever child he is!”、“How clever the child is!”、“How clever a child he is!”。

习题训练:

Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):

( ) 1. The doctor left the temple _____ the operation was over.

A) until B) after C) before D) if

( ) 2. I’ll tell you where he comes from _____ who he is _____.

A) or, either B) or, too C) and, or so D) and, as well

( ) 3. “All the other boys can manage _____ you can’t.” shouted Father.

A) and B) or C) while D) so

( ) 4. It’s said _____ he used to tell a lie, so they didn’t believe him.

A) for B) as C) because D) /

( ) 5. I really don’t know _____ I should do with the used bottles.

A) how B) where C) what D) that

( ) 6. The children didn’t go to bed _____ their mother came back home.

A) before B) when C) until D) while

( ) 7. I had _____ on me at that time that I could not pay for the Christmas card.

A) so little a money B) such little money C) so little money D) such little a money

( ) 8. You ought not to believe ____ just now.

A) what he said B) that he said C) in what he said D) in that he said

范文五：初中英语常考知识点

初中英语常考知识点

一、in，to，on和off在方位名词前的区别

1(in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China(

2(to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如:Japan lies to the east of China(

3(on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:North Korea is on the east of

China(

4(off表示“离??一些距离或离??不远的海上”。如:New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia(

二、汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north，south，

east，west;并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。

东南方:southeast 西南方:southwest 西北方:northwest 东北方:

northeast

如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。The Ming Tombs are located about

50 km to the northwest of Beijing(

天津位于北京东南120公里处。Tianjin issituated 120 km southeast of

Beijing(

三、near，by，beside，at表示“在??附近”时的区别

1(near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。如:Suzhou is near Shanghai(

2(by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不可能很远，但beside比by

更具体地表示出“在??旁边”的意思。如:He wassitting beside her(

3(at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:The students are sitting at the desks

listening to the teacher(

四、at，in和on表示地点时的区别

1(at表示地点:

(1)用于指较小的地方。如:I shall wait for you at the station( (2)用于门牌号码前。如:He lives at155 Zhong Shan Road( 2(in表示地点:

(1)用于指较大的地方。如:He live sin Shanghai(

(2)虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点(point)用at，若看作一个场所(place)用in。

如:I met him at the post-office( I’m now working in the post-office( 3(on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在??上;在??旁”。如:

The picture was hanging on the wall(New York is on the Hudson River( 五、above，over，on，up表示“在??上”之间的区别 1(above指“??上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。如:We’re flying above the clouds(

2(over指“在??正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。如:The bridge is over the river(

3(on指“在??上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。

如:There is a map on the wall(The earth felt soft beneath our feet(

4(up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如:Please hang the picture

up(

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