机械类英语翻译_范文大全网

范文一：机械类英语翻译

3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床 boring machine 搪孔机 cnc milling machine CNC铣床 contouring machine 轮廓锯床 copy grinding machine 仿形磨床 copy lathe 仿形车床 copy milling machine 仿形铣床 copy shaping machine 仿形刨床 cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床 die spotting machine 合模机 drilling machine ?孔机 engraving machine 雕刻机 engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机 form grinding machine 成形磨床 graphite machine 石墨加工机 horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机

horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心 internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床

jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机 jig grinding machine 冶具磨床 lap machine 研磨机 machine center 加工制造中心 multi model miller 靠磨铣床 NC drilling machine NC钻床 NC grinding machine NC磨床 NC lathe NC车床 NC programming system NC程式制作系统 planer 龙门刨床 profile grinding machine 投影磨床 projection grinder 投影磨床 radial drilling machine 旋臂?床 shaper 牛头刨床 surface grinder 平面磨床 try machine 试模机 turret lathe 转塔车床 universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床

vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心 wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机

Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子 Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查 fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet 栈板 barcode 条码 barcode scanner 条码扫描器

fuse together 熔合

fuse machine热熔机

repair修理

operator作业员

QC品管

supervisor 课长

ME 制造工程师

MT 制造生技

cosmetic inspect 外观检查

inner parts inspect 内部检查

thumb screw 大头螺丝

lbs. inch 镑、英寸

EMI gasket 导电条

front plate 前板

rear plate 后板

chassis 基座

bezel panel 面板

power button 电源按键

reset button 重置键

Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试

Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键

sheet metal parts 冲件

plastic parts 塑胶件

SOP 制造作业程序

material check list 物料检查表 work cell 工作间

trolley 台车

carton 纸箱

sub-line 支线

left fork 叉车

personnel resource department 人力资源部

production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科

stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂

molding factory成型厂

common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手

hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床

planer |plein|刨床

miller铣床

grinder磨床

linear cutting线切割

electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机

staker=reviting machine铆合机

position职务

president董事长

general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长

department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理

section supervisor课长

deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长

group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长

assistant manager助理

to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库

pack packing包装

to apply oil擦油

to file burr 锉毛刺

final inspection终检

to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台

Tiana天那水

cleaning cloth抹布

to load material上料

to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料 scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废

scrape ..v.刮;削

deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良

oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化 scratch刮伤

dents压痕

defective upsiding down抽芽不良

defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块

feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲

production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件

forklift叉车

trailer=long vehicle拖板车

下面是赠送的保安部制度范本,不需要的可以编辑删除!!!!谢谢!

保安部工作制度

一、认真贯彻党的路线、方针政策和国家的法津法觃,按照####年度目标的要求,做好####的安全保卫工作,保护全体人员和公私财物的安全,保持####正常的经营秩序和工作秩序。

二、做好消防安全工作,认真贯彻“预防为主”的方针,教育提高全体人员的消防意识和防火知识,配备、配齐####各个楼层的消防器材,管好用好各种电器设备,确保####各通道畅通,严防各种灾害事故的发生。

三、严格贯彻值班、巡检制度,按时上岗、到岗,加经对重要设备和重点部位的管理,防止和打击盗窃等各种犯罪活劢,确保####内外安全。

四、、加强保安队部建设,努力学习业务知识,认真贯彻法律法觃,不断提高全体保安人员的思想素质和业务水平,勤奋工作,秉公执法,建设一支思想作风过硬和业务素质精良的保安队伍。

11、保持监控室和值班室的清洁干净,天天打扫,窗明地净。

12、服从领导安排,完成领导交办任务。

5、积极扑救。火警初起阶段,要全力自救。防止蔓延,尽快扑灭,要正确使用灭火器,电器,应先切断电源。

6、一旦发生火灾,应积极维护火场秩序,保证进出道路畅通。看管抢救重要物资,疏散危险区域人员。

九、协同本部门或其他部门所进行的各项工作进行记录。

保安员值班操作及要求

一、交接岗

1、每日上午9时和下午 19时为交接岗。

2、交接岗时将当班所接纳物品清点清楚,以及夜班所发生的情况未得到解决的需>

面汇报。检查值班室内外的卫生状况,地面无纸屑,桌面无杂物,整齐清洁。

二、执勤

1、7:50 — 8:10、13:50 —14:10立岗迎接上班人员;12:00 — 12:20 、18:00 — 18:20立岗送下班人员。

2、值勤时做到遇见领导立岗,检查物品立岗,外来人员进出立岗。

3、门卫室值勤时,应做到坐姿端正,注规监规器的劢态,做好接待工作,值勤期间不看书报电规,听收音机。不不无关人员聊天,劝阻无关人员不要在门卫室寄存物品或打电话,禁止打瞌睡。

4、维持门口秩序,使之保持畅通。

5、熟记消防,报警,救护及内部联系电话。

三、巡逻

巡逻是防盗及发现####有不安全因素的重要措施。

1、每天按照巡检制度定时轮流巡逻。

2、巡逻时思想集中,保持高度警惕,不吸烟,不不无关人员闲聊,并将每一点所发生情况记录清楚,巡逻时做到勤走劢,勤思考,勤观察。发现问题及时报告。 3、白天加强对观众区、办公区及楼道的巡逻,夜晚以机房为重点进行检查,每晚零点之后巡查不少于两次。

四、防火工作

1、严格门卫制度,严禁无关人员,将易燃易爆物品带入####。

2、发现违反安全觃定的电源和火种,应予以切断和熄灭,应报告####领导采取相关措施。

3、值勤时发现物质储存,保管不符合防火要求,消防器材移作他用及非正常使用灭火器,应及时阻止,并报告,提请有关部门整改。

4、发生火灾先拨打 119 向消防部队报警,并立即报告####领导。报警时简要讲清####地址,电话号码及火情,同时派人在门口接应,引导消防车进入火场,向消防人员介绍水源,总电闸部位等。

范文二：机械类专业英语翻译

Flexible and Smart Online Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Rotating Machinery

柔性的和智能的在线监测与故障诊断的旋转机械系统

Abstract

diagnosis system. The network topology, configuration module, database, data acquisition workstation and monitoring components were presented. With the smart data acquisition strategy and strong adaptive monitoring tools, the system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery, and the practical application of the system was introduced.

Keywords – online monitor, flexible system, smart system,

configuration, rotating machinery

旋转机械振动信号的监测，进一步地说，在确保设备的安全性和节省

维修费用上设备安全性的评估起到非常重要的角色。本文整合了工业

控制软件中的“配置”理念，开发出“柔性的”基于网络的在线监测

和故障诊断的系统。该网络的拓扑结构、配置模块、数据库、数据采

集工作站和监视组件已得到介绍。随着智能数据采集策略和强大的适

应监测工具的开发应用，该系统可以应用于各种旋转机械，而且该系

equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

统的实际应用也以得到介绍。

关键词:在线监测，柔性系统，智能系统，结构配置，旋转机械

CONCLUSION

Based on the development trend of the network-based online monitoring and diagnosis system, this paper introduced the idea of “flexible” of ICS

and the smart data acquisition strategy, developed the configurable and smart online monitor and diagnosis system with strong flexibility. The system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery. The smart signal analysis tools can provide the appropriate diagnosis method kinds of equipment, hence can level up the accuracy of fault diagnosis and condition evaluation.

基于以网络为基础的在线监测和故障诊断系统的发展趋势，本文介绍

了因特网连接共享和智能的数据采集策略“柔性”的思想，开发出具

有很强的灵活性的结构配置和智能的在线监测与诊断系统。该系统可

以用于各种旋转机械。智能信号分析工具能为各种设备提供适当的诊

断方法，因此能够提高故障诊断和工况评估的准确性。

I. INTRODUCTION

引言

With the development of the modern technology, a variety of rotating machinery (such as steam turbine, fan,wind turbine, etc.) raises the level equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

of automatic operation.Due to the significant roles of the rotating machinery in the modern production process, to ensure the safety, reliability,economical and optimized operation, and to evaluation of the condition of the current equipment have become very important research fields. Thereinto, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis have been put more attention [1].

随着现代科技的发展，各种各样的旋转机械(如蒸汽机，风扇，风力

发电机组等等)提升了自动控制的层次。由于旋转机械在现代生产过

程中的重要作用，以确保安全性，可靠性，经济性和优化操作，并评

价当前设备的状态已成为非常重要的研究领域。其中，状态监测和故

障诊断已投入更多的关注。

The database technology and network technology were introduced in the current online monitor and fault diagnosis system for rotating machinery. It not only enhanced the technology of online condition monitor and provided more sufficient and reliable data for the fault diagnosis, but also made it possible to share the machinery information,ulteriorly to establish the fault analysis and diagnosis center in the special institute and provide the remote technique support for factory [2, 3, 4].

数据库技术和网络技术已经在旋转机械当前的在线监测和故障诊断

系统中介绍过，它不仅提高了在线状态监测技术和为故障诊断提供更

充分更可靠的数据，而且使得机械信息共享成为可能，进而在专门研

究机构建立故障分析和诊断中心，为制造厂提供远程技术支持。

strategy was simple and cannot be changed with the change of the equipment state, and it was easily lead to the miss of the critical fault data and effected the accuracy of the fault diagnosis; (d) the tools and methods

for signal analysis and fault diagnosis were simple and could not meet the demand of information fusion[5, 6].

然而，对于当前的设备管理要求，目前的这种基于网络在线监测系统

仍然存在一些缺陷，如下:(a)测量点(MP),在监测系统研发之前，

系统的软件和硬件的接口已经被固定了，因此该系统很难适应现代工

厂众多和各种各样的设备;(b)当前系统的对象仍然是机械装置或者

设备，现代工厂很难实现集中管理的目标;(c)数据采集策略很简单，

也不能随着设备状态的变化而变化，而且很容易导致决定性错误数据

的缺失和影响故障诊断的准确性;(d)信号分析和故障诊断的工具和

方法简单而且不能满足信息融合的需求。

Therefore, developing the system efficiently and reliably become a key equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

problem in the development of modern monitoring system. The successful application of Industrial Control Software (ICS) provides a good idea for the development of network-based Online Monitoring and Diagnosis System (OMDS). Although the ICS emphasize on control function while the OMDS put more attention on the data acquisition, signal analysis and save of long-running data, the “configurable”

approach during the development of ICS can make the OMDS well adapt to various machinery and become “flexible”. Additionally, the OMDS

become more smarted by integrating the information fusion methods and neutral network with normal frequency-spectrum analysis methods, and enhance the capability of fault diagnosis and safety assessment for rotating machinery [7].

因此,有效地和可靠地开发系统已成为现代监测系统发展的关键问

题。工业控制软件,ICS)的成功应用为基于网络在线监测和故障诊断

系统,OMDS)提供了一个好的思想。尽管工业控制软件强调控制功

能而在线监测和故障诊断系统专注于数据采集,信号分析和长期数据

的保存,在工业控制软件的发展过程中“结构配置”的方法能使得在线

监测和故障诊断系统很好的适应各种机械装置和成为“柔性化”。此外,

在线监测和故障诊断系统通过集成的信息融合法和带有正常频谱的

神经网络分析法而变得更加智能,它提高了故障诊断和旋转机械的安

全评估能力。

II. NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR CONFIGURABLE SYSTEM

可配置的系统需求分析

III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT OF OMDS 在线监测和诊断系统的实施

A. The topology of the network-base system 基于网络系统的拓扑结构

B. Design of the configuration module 配置模块的设计

C. Design of database

数据库的设计

D. Design of the hardware of the data acquisition(原文有误)

数据采集软件的设计

E. Design of monitoring and analysis module

监测和分析模块的设计

IV. APPLICATION OF OMDS

在线监测和诊断系统的应用

专业介绍,

Professional introduction

我的专业是机械制造及其自动化,它是将机械设备与自动化通过计算机的方式结合起来,形成一系列先进的制造技术,包括CAD,计算机辅助设计,、CAM,计算机辅助制造,、FMC,柔性制造系统,等等,最终形成大规模计算机集成制造系统,CIMS,,使传统的机械加工得到质的飞跃。此专业直接反映一个国家的现代化和工业化水平,它涉equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

及到机械行业中的设计制造、科技开发、应用研究、运行管理和经营

销售等诸多的方向,是社会需求很大的一个行业。

My major is mechanical manufacturing and automation, it is to combine the mechanical equipment and automation by the way of computer, forming a series of advanced manufacturing technology, including CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), FMC (Flexible Manufacturing System) and so on, and finally forms the large-scale computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) which make the traditional mechanical process get a qualitative leap. This professional directly reflect the modernization and industrialization level of a country, it relates to the design of mechanical industry of manufacturing, technology development, application study, operation management and sales management and so on , it is a large business of social demand .

机械制造的能力,直接影响整个社会工业产业的发展。我国现在机械

设计制造及其自动化水平与发达国家已经在逐步缩小。随着我国现代

化建设的需要,在航天、造船、采矿等工业领域的发展,机械制造和

自动化更加需要长足的发展,并且存在极大的发展空间。我们在学校

期间须多学习PLC(可编程控制器),掌握弱电电器控制,伺服系统及

交流伺服电机的使用,普通强电电路的设计,而且要熟悉金属材料,

金属热处理及制造工艺,机械设计基础等专业知识。

The ability of the machinery manufacturing, directly affect the equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

development of the whole society of industry. Recently the level of mechanical engineering and automation between China and the developed countries has been gradually reduced. With the demands of our country modernization, development in the aerospace, shipbuilding, mining industry, machinery manufacturing and automation needs more rapid development, and has great development space. At school we must learn PLC (programmable logic controller), grasp the weak electrical appliance control, the use of servo system and AC servo motor, the general design of electric circuit, and be familiar with the metal material, metal heat treatment and manufacturing technology, mechanical design and other professional knowledge.

本专业就业形势很好,与机械有关的很多企业都可以去,甚至管理的

也可以。学生毕业后可从事工业生产部门的机械产品设计开发、加工

制造、工装模具设计、生产过程管理、数控技术应用、工业自动生产

维护管理、计算机软件应用、产品营销等方面的工作,也可在高等院

校、科研部门从事教学和科研工作。

The professional employment situation is very good, many enterprises relate to machinery we can participate in , and even management can also do. Graduate students can engage in industrial production department of mechanical product design and development, manufacturing, tooling design, production process management, application of numerical control technology, industrial automation production management, computer equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

software application, marketing and other aspects of the work, also can take part in teaching and research work in Colleges and universities or scientific research departments.

今后的学位论文方向,

The direction of dissertation in the future

我的研究方向是超硬纳微米PVD薄膜的应用研究,PVD是物理气相沉积

,Physical Vapor Deposition)的英文缩写,它是一种在真空条件下采用物理方

法,将固体或液体材料表面气化成气态原子、分子或部分电离成离子,并通过低

压气体,或等离子体)过程,在基体表面沉积具有某种特殊功能薄膜的技术。物

理气相沉积的方法包括真空蒸镀、溅射镀膜、电弧等离子体镀、离子镀、电子束

蒸镀及分子外延等。物理气相沉积的不仅可以沉积金属膜、合金膜,还可以沉积

化合物、陶瓷、半导体、聚合物膜等,是具有广泛应用前景的新材料制造技术。

采用此技术制备的超硬薄膜不仅具有超高硬度,且超薄、耐高温、无污染、几乎

零排放,适合于工具、零件和摩擦磨损件表面的耐磨损、抗氧化、防腐蚀、自润

滑等特殊性能要求,是现代表面工程技术中最具有发展前途和应用价值的一种技

术。

My research is superhard nano-micron PVD films applied research , PVD is the abbreviation of physical vapor deposition , it is a physical method used in the condition of vacuum , the surface of the solid or liquid material vaporized into gas atoms, molecules or parts of ionized into a plasma , and through the low pressure gas ( or plasma ) process , depositing on the substrate surface with a thin film for special functions . Physical vapor deposition methods include vacuum deposition , sputtering , arc plasma plating, ion plating, electron beam evaporation and molecular epitaxy . Not only can the metal or alloy film be deposited, many materials like compounds, ceramics, semiconductor, polymer film can also be deposited,it is a new material with wide application prospect in manufacturing technology. The superhard film made by this technology not only has high hardness, and ultrathin, high temperature resistance, no pollution, almost zero emissions, it is suitable for tools, spare parts and abrasion resistance, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion, self lubrication of the surface of friction and wear and other special properties, it is a technology equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements

of the most promising and valuable application in the modern surface engineering technology.

进入一个领域最简单也是最有效的办法就是找一本这个领域的论述专著或

者教材,当把这个领域的基本概念的内涵以及相互之间的关系搞清楚了之后,再

去读这个领域的论文,就会因为心中有数而能够很好地把握了。因此在明年十月

份开题之前,我会认真学习教材,最后理解和掌握导师的论文和国内外有关PVD

涂层技术的各项论文资料,循序渐进有条不紊地学习,在开题的那天能不慌不乱,

从容面对。

Therefore, before the thesis proposal in October of next year , I will seriously learning materials, and finally understand and master the papers of instructors and the various papers about PVD coating technology at home and abroad , step by step and in good order to learn everything, in the the thesis proposal of the day can not panic disorder and keep calm .

范文三：机械类专业英语翻译1

EXTENDING BEARING LIFE

Bearings fail for a number of reasons ，but the most common are misapplication ，contamination ，improper lubricant ，shipping or handling damage ，and misalignment. The problem is often not difficult to diagnose because a failed bearing usually leaves telltale signs about what went wrong．

However ，while a postmortem yields good information，it is better to avoid the process altogether by specifying the bearing correctly in The first place ．To do this，it is useful to review the manufacturers sizing guidelines and operating characteristics for the selected bearing.

Equally critical is a study of requirements for noise, torque, and runout, as well as possible exposure to contaminants, hostile liquids, and temperature extremes. This can provide further clues as to whether a bearing is right for a job.

1 Why bearings fail

About 40% of ball bearing failures are caused by contamination from dust, dirt, shavings, and corrosion. Contamination also causes torque and noise problems, and is often the result of improper handling or the application environment ．Fortunately, a bearing failure caused by environment or handling contamination is preventable，and a simple visual examination can easily identify the cause．

Conducting a postmortem il1ustrates what to look for on a failed or failing bearing．Then ，understanding the mechanism behind the failure, such as brinelling or fatigue, helps eliminate the source of the problem.

Brinelling is one type of bearing failure easily avoided by proper handing and assembly. It is characterized by indentations in the bearing raceway caused by shock loading －such as when a bearing is dropped-or incorrect assembly. Brinelling usually occurs when loads exceed the material yield point(350,000 psi in SAE 52100 chrome steel) ．It may also be caused by improper assembly, Which places a load across the races．Raceway dents also produce noise，vibration ，and increased torque.

A similar defect is a pattern of elliptical dents caused by balls vibrating between raceways while the bearing is not turning ．This problem is called false brinelling. It occurs on equipment in transit or that vibrates when not in

operation. In addition, debris created by false brinelling acts like an abrasive, further contaminating the bearing. Unlike brinelling, false binelling is often indicated by a reddish color from fretting corrosion in the lubricant.

False brinelling is prevented by eliminating vibration sources and keeping the bearing well lubricated. Isolation pads on the equipment or a separate foundation may be required to reduce environmental vibration. Also a light preload on the bearing helps keep the balls and raceway in tight contact. Preloading also helps prevent false brinelling during transit.

Seizures can be caused by a lack of internal clearance, improper lubrication, or excessive loading. Before seizing, excessive, friction and heat softens the bearing steel. Overheated bearings often change color，usually to blue-black or straw colored．Friction also causes stress in the retainer，which can break and hasten bearing failure．

Premature material fatigue is caused by a high load or excessive preload ．When these conditions are unavoidable ，bearing life should be carefully calculated so that a maintenance scheme can be worked out．

Another solution for fighting premature fatigue is changing material ．When standard bearing materials，such as 440C or SAE 52100，do not guarantee sufficient life ，specialty materials can be recommended. In addition ，when the problem is traced back to excessive loading ，a higher capacity bearing or different configuration may be used．

Creep is less common than premature fatigue．In bearings．it is caused by excessive clearance between bore and shaft that allows the bore to rotate on the shaft ．Creep can be expensive because it causes damage to other components in addition to the bearing．

0ther more likely creep indicators are scratches ，scuff marks ，or discoloration to shaft and bore．To prevent creep damage，the bearing housing and shaft fittings should be visually checked．

Misalignment is related to creep in that it is mounting related．If races are misaligned or cocked ．The balls track in a noncircumferencial path ．The problem is incorrect mounting or tolerancing，or insufficient squareness of the bearing mounting site ．Misalignment of more than 1/4·can cause an early failure ．

Contaminated lubricant is often more difficult to detect than misalignment or creep ．Contamination shows as premature wear ．Solid

contaminants become an abrasive in the lubricant．In addition。insufficient lubrication between ball and retainer wears and weakens the retainer．In this situation ，lubrication is critical if the retainer is a fully machined type．Ribbon or crown retainers ，in contrast ，allow lubricants to more easily reach all surfaces ．

Rust is a form of moisture contamination and often indicates the wrong material for the application．If the material checks out for the job，the easiest way to prevent rust is to keep bearings in their packaging，until just before installation ．

2 Avoiding failures

The best way to handle bearing failures is to avoid them．This can be done in the selection process by recognizing critical performance characteristics ．These include noise，starting and running torque，stiffness ，nonrepetitive runout，and radial and axial play．In some applications, these items are so critical that specifying an ABEC level alone is not sufficient．

Torque requirements are determined by the lubricant，retainer ，raceway quality(roundness cross curvature and surface finish)，and whether seals or shields are used ．Lubricant viscosity must be selected carefully because inappropriate lubricant ，especially in miniature bearings ，causes excessive torque ．Also ，different lubricants have varying noise characteristics that should be matched to the application. For example，greases produce more noise than oil ．

Nonrepetitive runout(NRR)occurs during rotation as a random eccentricity between the inner and outer races，much like a cam action．NRR can be caused by retainer tolerance or eccentricities of the raceways and balls ．Unlike repetitive runout, no compensation can be made for NRR.

NRR is reflected in the cost of the bearing．It is common in the industry to provide different bearing types and grades for specific applications ．For example ，a bearing with an NRR of less than 0.3um is used when minimal runout is needed ，such as in disk —drive spindle motors ．Similarly ，machine —tool spindles tolerate only minimal deflections to maintain precision cuts．Consequently, bearings are manufactured with low NRR just for machine-tool applications．

Contamination is unavoidable in many industrial products，and shields and seals are commonly used to protect bearings from dust and dirt ．However ，a perfect bearing seal is not possible because of the movement between inner and outer races ．Consequently ，lubrication migration and contamination are always problems．

Once a bearing is contaminated, its lubricant deteriorates and operation becomes noisier．If it overheats，the bearing can seize．At the very least，contamination causes wear as it works between balls and the raceway ，becoming imbedded in the races and acting as an abrasive between metal surfaces ．Fending off dirt with seals and shields illustrates some methods for controlling contamination．

Noise is as an indicator of bearing quality．Various noise grades have been developed to classify bearing performance capabilities．

Noise analysis is done with an Anderonmeter, which is used for quality control in bearing production and also when failed bearings are returned for analysis. A transducer is attached to the outer ring and the inner race is turned at 1,800rpm on an air spindle. Noise is measured in andirons, which represent ball displacement in μm/rad.

With experience, inspectors can identify the smallest flaw from their sound. Dust, for example, makes an irregular crackling. Ball scratches make a consistent popping and are the most difficult to identify. Inner-race damage is normally a constant high-pitched noise, while a damaged outer race makes an intermittent sound as it rotates.

Bearing defects are further identified by their frequencies. Generally, defects are separated into low, medium, and high wavelengths. Defects are also referenced to the number of irregularities per revolution.

Low-band noise is the effect of long-wavelength irregularities that occur about 1.6 to 10 times per revolution. These are caused by a variety of inconsistencies, such as pockets in the race. Detectable pockets are manufacturing flaws and result when the race is mounted too tightly in multiplejaw chucks.

Medium-hand noise is characterized by irregularities that occur 10 to 60 times per revolution. It is caused by vibration in the grinding operation that produces balls and raceways. High-hand irregularities occur at 60 to 300 times

per revolution and indicate closely spaced chatter marks or widely spaced, rough irregularities.

Classifying bearings by their noise characteristics allows users to specify a noise grade in addition to the ABEC standards used by most manufacturers. ABEC defines physical tolerances such as bore, outer diameter, and runout. As the ABEC class number increase (from 3 to 9), tolerances are tightened. ABEC class, however, does not specify other bearing characteristics such as raceway quality, finish, or noise. Hence, a noise classification helps improve on the industry standard.

Flexible and Smart Online Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis

System for Rotating Machinery

Abstract

Monitoring the vibration signals of rotating machinery, ulteriorly, assessing the safety of equipment plays a significant role in ensuring the security of equipment and in saving maintenance fee. This paper integrated the idea of “configuration” in the industry control software, developed the “flexible” network-based online monitoring and fault diagnosis system. The network topology, configuration module, database, data acquisition workstation and monitoring components were presented. With the smart data acquisition strategy and strong adaptive monitoring tools, the system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery, and the practical application of the system was introduced.

Keywords – online monitor, flexible system, smart system,

configuration, rotating machinery

CONCLUSION

Based on the development trend of the network-based online monitoring and diagnosis system, this paper introduced the idea of “flexible” of ICS and the smart data acquisition strategy, developed the configurable and smart online monitor and diagnosis system with strong flexibility. The system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery. The smart signal analysis tools can provide the appropriate diagnosis method kinds of equipment, hence can level up the accuracy of fault diagnosis and condition evaluation.

I. INTRODUCTION

condition of the current equipment have become very important research fields. Thereinto, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis have been put more attention [1].

made it possible to share the machinery information,ulteriorly to establish the fault analysis and diagnosis center in the special institute and provide the remote technique support for factory [2, 3, 4].

However, for the requirements of equipment management nowadays, the current network-based online monitoring system remains some defects as follows: (a) the measure point (MP), the interfaces of the software and the hardware had been fixed before developing of the monitoring system, therefore it was difficult to adapt the modern plant with numerous and various equipment; (b) the object of the current system was always the machinery or equipment, and it was difficult to achieve the goal of centralized management to the modern plant; (c) the data acquisition strategy was simple and cannot be changed with the change of the equipment state, and it was easily lead to the miss of the critical fault data and effected the accuracy of the fault diagnosis; (d) the tools and methods for signal analysis and fault diagnosis were simple and could not meet

the demand of information fusion[5, 6].

Therefore, developing the system efficiently and reliably become a key problem in the development of modern monitoring system. The successful application of Industrial Control Software (ICS) provides a good idea for the

development of network-based Online Monitoring and Diagnosis System (OMDS). Although the ICS emphasize on control function while the OMDS put more attention on the data acquisition, signal analysis and save of long-running data, the “configurable” approach during the development of ICS can make the OMDS well adapt to various machinery and become “flexible”. Additionally, the OMDS become more smarted by integrating the information fusion methods and neutral network with normal frequency-spectrum analysis methods, and enhance the capability of fault diagnosis and safety assessment for rotating machinery [7].

The direction of dissertation in the future

Professional introduction

The ability of the machinery manufacturing, directly affect the development of the whole society of industry. Recently the level of mechanical engineering and automation between China and the developed countries has been gradually reduced. With the demands of our country modernization, development in the aerospace, shipbuilding, mining industry, machinery manufacturing and automation needs more rapid development, and has great development space. At school we must learn PLC (programmable logic controller), grasp the weak electrical appliance control, the use of servo system and AC servo motor, the general design of electric circuit, and be

familiar with the metal material, metal heat treatment and manufacturing technology, mechanical design and other professional knowledge.

the simplest and most effective way to go into a field is to find a discussion of this field monographs or textbooks, when the basic concepts in this field as well as the correlation between the meaning is clear, just go to read the papers in this field, we will know the score and grasp them. Therefore, before the thesis proposal in October of next year , I will seriously learning materials, and finally understand and master the papers of instructors and the various papers about PVD coating technology at home and abroad , step by step and in good order to learn everything, in the the thesis proposal of the day can not panic disorder and keep calm .

如何延长轴承寿命

1 轴承失效的原因

在球轴承的失效中约有40%是由灰尘、脏物、碎屑的污染以及腐蚀造成的。污染通常是由不正确的使用和不良的使用环境造成的，它还会引起扭矩和噪声的问题。由环境和污染所产生的轴承失效是可以预防的，而且通过简单的肉眼观察是可以确定产生这类失效的原因。

通过失效后的分析可以得知对已经失效的或将要失效的轴承应该在哪些方面进行查看。弄清诸如剥蚀和疲劳破坏一类失效的机理，有助于消除问题的根源。

只要使用和安装合理，轴承的剥蚀是容易避免的。剥蚀的特征是在轴承圈滚道上留有由冲击载荷或不正确的安装产生的压痕。剥蚀通常是在载荷超过材料屈服极限时发生的。如果安装不正确从而使某一载荷横穿轴承圈也会产生剥蚀。轴承圈上的压坑还会产生噪声、振动和附加扭矩。

类似的一种缺陷是当轴承不旋转时由于滚珠在轴承圈间振动而产生的椭圆形压痕。这种破坏称为低荷振蚀。这种破坏在运输中的设备和不工作时仍振动的设备中都会产生。此外，低荷振蚀产生的碎屑的作用就象磨粒一样，会进一步损害轴承。与剥蚀不同，低荷振蚀的特征通常是由于微振磨损腐蚀在润滑剂中会产生淡红色。

消除振动源并保持良好的轴承润滑可以防止低荷振蚀。给设备加隔离垫或对底座进行隔离可以减轻环境的振动。另外在轴承上加一个较小的预载荷不仅有助于滚珠和轴承圈保持紧密的接触，并且对防止在设备运输中产生的低荷振蚀也有帮助。

造成轴承卡住的原因是缺少内隙、润滑不当和载荷过大。在卡住之前，过大的摩擦和热量使轴承钢软化。过热的轴承通常会改变颜色，一般会变成蓝黑色或淡黄色。摩擦还会使保持架受力，这会破坏支承架，并加速轴承的失效。

材料过早出现疲劳破坏是由重载后过大的预载引起的。如果这些条件不可避免，就应仔细计算轴承寿命，以制定一个维护计划。

另一个解决办法是更换材料。若标准的轴承材料不能保证足够的轴承寿命，就应当采用特殊的材料。另外，如果这个问题是由于载荷过大造成的，就应该采用抗载能力更强或其他结构的轴承。

蠕动不象过早疲劳那样普遍。轴承的蠕动是由于轴和内圈之间的间隙过大造成的。蠕动的害处很大，它不仅损害轴承，也破坏其他零件。

蠕动的明显特征是划痕、擦痕或轴与内圈的颜色变化。为了防止蠕动，应该先用肉眼检查一下轴承箱件和轴的配件。

2 避免失效的方法

解决轴承失效问题的最好办法就是避免失效发生。这可以在选用过程中通过考虑关键性能特征来实现。这些特征包括噪声、起动和运转扭矩、刚性、非重复性振摆以及径向和轴向间隙。

扭矩要求是由润滑剂、保持架、轴承圈质量（弯曲部分的圆度和表面加工质量）以及是否使用密封或遮护装置来决定。润滑剂的粘度必须认真加以选择，因为不适宜的润滑剂会产生过大的扭矩，这在小型轴承中尤其如此。另外，不同的润滑剂的噪声特性也不一样。举例来说，润滑脂产生的噪声比润滑油大一些。因此，要根据不同的用途来选用润滑剂。

在轴承转动过程中，如果内圈和外圈之间存在一个随机的偏心距，就会产生与凸轮运动非常相似的非重复性振摆（NRR ）。保持架的尺寸误差和轴承圈与滚珠的偏心都会引起NRR 。和重复性振摆不同的是，NRR 是没有办法进行补偿的。

在工业中一般是根据具体的应用来选择不同类型和精度等级的轴承。例如，当要求振摆最小时，轴承的非重复性振摆不能超过0.3微米。同样，机床主轴只能容许最小的振摆，以保证切削精度。因此在机床的应用中应该使用非重复性振摆较小的轴承。

在许多工业产品中，污染是不可避免的，因此常用密封或遮护装置来保护轴承，使其免受灰尘或脏物的侵蚀。但是，由于轴承内外圈的运动，使轴承的密封不可能达到完美的程度，因此润滑油的泄漏和污染始终是一个未能解决的问题。

一旦轴承受到污染，润滑剂就要变质，运行噪声也随之变大。如果轴承过热，它将会卡住。当污染物处于滚珠和轴承圈之间时，其作用和金属表面之间的磨粒一样，会使轴承磨损。采用密封和遮护装置来挡开脏物是控制污染的一种方法。

柔性的和智能的在线监测与故障诊断的旋转机械系统

旋转机械振动信号的监测，进一步地说，在确保设备的安全性和节省维修费用上设备安全性的评估起到非常重要的角色。本文整合了工业控制软件中的“配置”理念，开发出“柔性的”基于网络的在线监测和故障诊断的系统。该网络的拓扑结构、配置模块、数据库、数据采集工作站和监视组件已得到介绍。随着智能数据采集策略和强大的适应监测工具的开发应用，该系统可以应用于各种旋转机械，而且该系统的实际应用也以得到介绍。

关键词：在线监测，柔性系统，智能系统，结构配置，旋转机械

基于以网络为基础的在线监测和故障诊断系统的发展趋势，本文介绍了因特网连接共享和智能的数据采集策略“柔性”的思想，开发出具有很强的灵活性的结构配置和智能的在线监测与诊断系统。该系统可以用于各种旋转机械。智能信号分析工具能为各种设备提供适当的诊断方法，因此能够提高故障诊断和工况评估的准确性。

引言

随着现代科技的发展，各种各样的旋转机械（如蒸汽机，风扇，风力发电机组等等）提升了自动控制的层次。由于旋转机械在现代生产过程中的重要作用，以确保安全性，可靠性，经济性和优化操作，并评价当前设备的状态已成为非常重要的研究领域。其中，状态监测和故障诊断已投入更多的关注。

数据库技术和网络技术已经在旋转机械当前的在线监测和故障诊断系统中介绍过，它不仅提高了在线状态监测技术和为故障诊断提供更充分更可靠的数据，而且使得机械信息共享成为可能，进而在专门研究机构建立故障分析和诊断中心，为制造厂提供远程技术支持。

然而，对于当前的设备管理要求，目前的这种基于网络在线监测系统仍然存在一些缺陷，如下：（a) 测量点（MP), 在监测系统研发之前，系统的软件和硬件的接口已经被固定了，因此该系统很难适应现代工厂众多和各种各样的设备；（b) 当前系统的对象仍然是机械装置或者设备，现代工厂很难实现集中管理的目标；（c) 数据采集策略很简单，也不能随着设备状态的变化而变化，而且很容易导致决定性错误数据的缺失和影响故障诊断的准确性；（d) 信号分析和故障诊断的工具和方法简单而且不能满足信息融合的需求。

因此，有效地和可靠地开发系统已成为现代监测系统发展的关键问题。工业控制软件（ICS) 的成功应用为基于网络在线监测和故障诊断系统（OMDS) 提供了一个好的思想。尽管工业控制软件强调控制功能而在线监测和故障诊断系统专注于数据采集，信号分析和长期数据的保存，在工业控制软件的发展过程中“结构配置”的方法能使得在线监测和故障诊断系统很好的适应各种机械装置和成为“柔性化”。此外，在线监测和故障诊断系统通过集成的信息融合法和带有正常频谱的神经网络分析法而变得更加智能，它提高了故障诊断和旋转机械的安全评估能力。

专业介绍：我的专业是机械制造及其自动化，它是将机械设备与自动化通过计算机的方式结合起来，形成一系列先进的制造技术，包括CAD （计算机辅助设计）、CAM （计算机辅助制造）、FMC （柔性制造系统）等等，最终形成大规模计算机集成制造系统（CIMS ），使传统的机械加工得到质的飞跃。此专业直接反映一个国家的现代化和工业化水平，它涉及到机械行业中的设计制造、科技开发、应用研究、运行管理和经营销售等诸多的方向，是社会需求很

大的一个行业。

机械制造的能力，直接影响整个社会工业产业的发展。我国现在机械设计制造及其自动化水平与发达国家已经在逐步缩小。随着我国现代化建设的需要，在航天、造船、采矿等工业领域的发展，机械制造和自动化更加需要长足的发展，并且存在极大的发展空间。我们在学校期间须多学习PLC(可编程控制器) ，掌握弱电电器控制，伺服系统及交流伺服电机的使用，普通强电电路的设计，而且要熟悉金属材料，金属热处理及制造工艺，机械设计基础等专业知识。

本专业就业形势很好，与机械有关的很多企业都可以去，甚至管理的也可以。学生毕业后可从事工业生产部门的机械产品设计开发、加工制造、工装模具设计、生产过程管理、数控技术应用、工业自动生产维护管理、计算机软件应用、产品营销等方面的工作，也可在高等院校、科研部门从事教学和科研工作。

今后的学位论文方向：

我的研究方向是超硬纳微米PVD 薄膜的应用研究，PVD 是物理气相沉积（Physical Vapor Deposition) 的英文缩写，它是一种在真空条件下采用物理方法，将固体或液体材料表面气化成气态原子、分子或部分电离成离子，并通过低压气体（或等离子体) 过程，在基体表面沉积具有某种特殊功能薄膜的技术。物理气相沉积的方法包括真空蒸镀、溅射镀膜、电弧等离子体镀、离子镀、电子束蒸镀及分子外延等。物理气相沉积的不仅可以沉积金属膜、合金膜，还可以沉积化合物、陶瓷、半导体、聚合物膜等，是具有广泛应用前景的新材料制造技术。采用此技术制备的超硬薄膜不仅具有超高硬度，且超薄、耐高温、无污染、几乎零排放，适合于工具、零件和摩擦磨损件表面的耐磨损、抗氧化、防腐蚀、自润滑等特殊性能要求，是现代表面工程技术中最具有发展前途和应用价值的一种技术。

进入一个领域最简单也是最有效的办法就是找一本这个领域的论述专著或者教材，当把这个领域的基本概念的内涵以及相互之间的关系搞清楚了之后，再去读这个领域的论文，就会因为心中有数而能够很好地把握了。因此在明年十月份开题之前，我会认真学习教材，最后理解和掌握导师的论文和国内外有关PVD 涂层技术的各项论文资料，循序渐进有条不紊地学习，在开题的那天能不慌不乱，从容面对。

范文四：机械类专业英语翻译

转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转系可以用于各旋机械。智能信号分

析工具能各提供适当的断方法,因此转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

能提高故障断和工况估的准确性。转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

I. INTRODUCTION

引言

With the development of the modern technology, a variety of rotating machinery (such as steam turbine, fan,wind turbine, etc.) raises the level of automatic operation.Due to the significant roles of the rotating machinery in the modern production process, to ensure the safety, reliability,economical and optimized operation, and to evaluation of thecondition of the current equipment have become very important research fields. Thereinto, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis have been put more attention [1].

随着代科技的展,各各的旋机械转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

，如蒸汽机,扇,力机等等,提升了自转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转控制的次。由于旋机械在代生程中

的重要作用,以确保安全性,可靠性,性和化操作转转转转转转转转

并价当前的状已成非常重要的研转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

究域。其中,状和故障断已投入更多的注。转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

The database technology and network technology were introduced in the current online monitor and fault diagnosis system for rotating machinery. It not only enhanced the technology of online condition monitor and provided more sufficient and reliable data for the fault diagnosis, but alsomade it possible to share the machinery information,ulteriorly to establish the fault analysis and diagnosis center in the special institute and provide the remote technique support for factory [2, 3, 4].

数据技和网技已在旋机械当前的转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

在和故障断系中介,它不提高转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

了在状技和故障断提供更充分更转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

可靠的数据,而且使得机械信息共享成可能,而在转转转转转转转转转

研究机构建立故障分析和断中心,制造厂提供程技支持。转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转转

for signal analysis and fault diagnosis were simple and could not meet

andownerZhong?he?mes,?Zhong?arge?goddess.shadows?n.hem?Shaomei??son?of?door?tiew?Shaomeis?l?Soon,?nte??That?iputtfback?doorof?lo?a?iseverheropened,al?e?ar?t?a??s,?teepy?town?stng,reet?sllialain?f?rk?Shen?nighton?Yuezhen?12),a?darhe?shi?(end?oftpped?guns?praise.?peopl?1938,?ore?Japanese?ofces?fhe??antectand?li?ed?erocal?by?s?solemaitdins?vage?affthe?rof?ve?to?salatiinites??Wu?Ada?istori?Chen?emaidiansporJinhains.?,ers?rted?solroops?trZhu?XiThe??tnextdeallood,.?a??and?made?he??day,?3?tbodiand?hies?t?he?and?tools?ake?out?ed?back?home?fhe?to?ttttwo?hurreris,?he?remains?of?n?ound?Yang?solditifwas?o?agers?shot?the?Yang?away,?lside,?tlocal?vihe?l?tWu?Chen?people?emaiAda?nhai,unt2??Jins.?diilers?rvage?me?the?solto?salihe??and?Japanese,tno?of?tn?oops?he?puritrShen?Zhuang?Yang.nto?tsui?Zhu??it?Xi?elemaiorlns?ces,ff?re?Zhu?Xi?y?batcaltllers?soldiheroie.?3?lerce?gun?battfis,Japanese??engaged?isola?n?a?diergroup?hiofs?encounter?age,??ltn?wilShen?Tao??Yan?Tomb,Cheng,Zhu?th?the?viZhuang?miYuan??Xi?Japanese?fn?Wuzhen,Yang?sin?orces??antiive?i?Xide?Yiof?1939,of???act?shiremains?one?day?iWu?n?Aprding?Japanese?solAda?fnhaiChen?iler?i,?Ji11)?he?jumping??(Rion?panivertc,boat,?Bank???le?and?tescaped.ithe?1?ln?tZhang?Shun?i?ced.??iso?azhen?wersacre?al?and?siifthe?watcome?out?er,of?ed?to?ailp?bot2?Japan?ftom,?iver?brhe?ought?rp?p?the?shiar?shiupsithe?shims?ide?he??wooden?smalnto?tdown,spot,boat?l?a??over,turned?ailon?p'ts?reps??and?on?urgenthe?the?shi?stboat?t?oars,o?azhen?pulharneeds,?verlwhen?d?sia?gett?watriQiShun?Tang?shipping??away.y?you?ao,vito?er?"?When??have?f?the?opportiuniovert,?t?and?getight?Japan??ifeven?witve,h?go??ihome?alnlsmally?can?not?ai??certand?ito?deatorertured?h,?ts?m?not?tdead?'t?seems?tto?Japan?hat"isoldi?Id:ncrlness??soon?Fatteased,?i?saihe?lChong?days?of?Drudge,?ishadow

E. Design of monitoring and analysis module

转转转转转转和分析模的

IV. APPLICATION OF OMDS

在和断系的用转转转转转转转转转转转

线线介线,

Professional introduction

我的线线是机械制造及其自线化～是机械线线自线化通线线算机的方它将与

式线合起～形成一系列先线的制造技线～包括来;线算机线助线线,、CAD

;线算机线助制造,、;柔性制造系线,等等～最线形成大线CAMFMC

模线算机集成制造系线;,～使线线的机械加工得到线的线线。此线线CIMS

直接反映一家的线代化和工线化水平～涉及到机械行线中的线线制个国它

造、科技线线、线用究、行管理和线线线等线多的方向～是社需求研运售会

很个大的一行线。

造及其自线化水平线家已线在逐步线小。着我线线代化建线的需与达国随国

要～在航天、造船、采线等工线线域的线展～机械制造和自线化更加需要

线足的线展～且存在大的线展空线。我线在校期线线多线并极学学PLC(可线程

控制器)～掌握弱线线器控制～伺服系线及交流伺服线机的使用～普通强

线线路的线线～而且要熟悉金材料～金线线理及制造工线～机械线线基线属属

等线线知线。

andownerZhong?he?mes,?Zhong?arge?goddess.shadows?n.hem?Shaomei??son?of?door?tiew?Shaomeis?l?Soon,?nte??That?iputtfback?doorof?lo?a?iseverheropened,?t?a??al?e?ars,?teepy?town?stng,reet?sllialain?f?rk?Shen?nighton?Yuezhen?12),a?darhe?shi?(end?oftpped?guns?praise.?peopl?1938,?e?orJapanese?ofhe?ces?f?antectand?li?ed?erocal?by?s?solemaitdins?vage?affof?ve?the?rto?salatiinites??Wu?Ada?istori?Chen?emaiJinhains.?dianspor,roops?ers?rted?soltrZhu?XiThe??tnextdeallood,.?a??and?made?he??day,?3?tbodiand?hies?t?he?and?tools?ake?out?ed?back?home?fto?he?tttwo?terhurrihe?s,?remains?of?n?ound?Yang?solditifwas?o?the?Yang?agers?shot?away,?lside,?ltocal?vihe?l?tWu?people?Ada?nhai,Chen?emaidiunt2??Jins.?ilers?rvage?me?the?solto?salihe??and?Japanese,tno?of?toops?n?he?puritrShen?Zhuang?Yang.nto?tsui?Zhu??it?Xi?elemailns?orfces,f?re?Zhu?Xi?y?batcaltllers?soldiheroie.?3?lerce?gun?battfis,Japanese??engaged?isola?n?a?diergroup?hiofs?encounter?age,??n?tlwiShen?lTao??Yan?Tomb,Cheng,Zhu?th?the?viZhuang?miYuan??Xi?Japanese?fn?Wuzhen,Yang?sin?orces??antiive?i?Xide?Yiof?1939,of???act?Wu?remains?one?day?ishinhain?Aprding?Japanese?solAda?fChen?iler?i,?Ji11)?he?jumping??(Rion?paniverboat,tc,?Bank???le?and?tescaped.ithe?1?ln?tZhang?Shun?i?ced.??iazhen?werso?e?alsacr?and?siifthe?watcome?out?er,of?ed?to?ailp?bot2?Japan?ftom,?iver?brhe?ought?rp?p?the?shiar?shiupsithe?shims?ide??wooden?he?smalnto?tdown,spot,boat?l?a??over,turned?ailon?p'ts?reps?on??and?he?urgentthe?shi?stboat?t?oars,o?azhen?pulharneeds,?la?d?siverwhen?gett?watriQiShun?Tang?shipping??away.y?ao,vito?you?er?"?When??have?f?the?opportiuniovert,?t?and?getight?Japan??ifeven?witgo?h?ve,?ihome?alnlsmally?can?not?ai??certand?ito?deatortured?erh,?m?not?ts?tdead?'t?seems?tto?Japan?hat"isoldi?Id:ncr?soon?Fatteased,?lness??saihe?ilChong?days?of?Drudge,?ishadow

范文五：英语翻译

假日经济在我国已经呈现出广阔的发展前景。The holiday economy has the prospect of remarkable growth. 集中精力把经济建设搞上去

go all out for economic development 坚持对话, 不搞对抗

persist in dialogue, refrain from confrontation 不搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”

refrain from building “vanity projects ”that waste both money and manpower

对内搞活，对外开放

revitalize domestic economy, open up to the outside world 搞花架子do something superficial 搞活国营大中型企业

invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 更加注重搞好宏观调控

pay more attention to exercising macro-control 开放搞活 open up and enliven the economy 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设

increase the deficit to spend more on development 台湾是中国的领土。

Taiwan is part of Chinese territory.

饭店现有三个餐厅和一个贵宾间、240个座位。The restaurant now has three dining rooms and a VIP room with a total of 240 seats.

狠抓管理，安全生产。

We should improve management and ensure safe production. 对确有困难的中西部地区和老工业基地，中央财政将继续给予支持。

In the case of the enterprises of western and central China and old industrial bases that are in real financial difficulties, the central government will continue to offer financial help. 有条件的地方要率先实现现代化。

The areas with suitable conditions must take the lead in achieving modernization. 收效可能来得慢，但是有把握，而且是巨大的。The rewards may come slowly, but they are sure and tremendous. 我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。

We should gradually eliminate the difference between city and country.

他生来富于同情心，总是乐于帮助别人。

He is sympathetic by nature and is always ready to help others.

新婚夫妇有数十位宾客陪同，坐着汽车到新房去了。 The newly wedded couple, accompanied by dozens of guests, went to their chamber by car.

全国人民总体上实现了由温饱向小康的跨越。The Chinese people nationwide have developed from the stage of having enough to eat and wear to that of living a better-off life.

沿着南京路向东走，走到尽头，是靠黄浦江江岸的一个很美的地区。

Walking eastward along Nanjing Road, one finally comes to a very beautiful area bordering the bank of the Huangpu River. 小不忍则乱大谋。

If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.

交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 没有调查就没有发言权。

He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

你三星期完成这项设计不容易。

It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks. 由于时间仓促，作者水平有限，书中疏漏在所难免，欢迎广大读者批评指正

Any advice and criticism is warmly welcome about this book. 科学技术突飞猛进，给亚洲的发展带来新的机遇，也带来新的挑战。

The rapid advance of science and technology has presented both new opportunities and challenges to the development of Asia.

新形势、新趋势、新技术，促进了生产力的发展, 促进了创造力的发挥，促进了各国之间的合作与交流。

The new development, trends and technologies have helped expand productive forces,given full play to creativity,and enhance communication and corporation among countries. 中国人民为此进行了长期不懈的努力。

The Chinese people have made unremitting efforts to that end. 为了保卫国家安全，维护祖国统一，我们必须不断增强国防实力。

We must build up our defense capability with a view to safeguarding our State security and national unity. 科学技术在一些领域取得重大突破。

Breakthroughs were made in some areas of science and technology.

各项社会事业全面进步。

All social undertakings developed. /The social undertakings developed in an all-round way.

中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。

The Chinese Government undertakes not to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 我们要确保更有效地利用外资。

We shall ensure more effective utilization of foreign capital. 那个国家片面地注重工业，忽视农业和轻工业，因而市场上货物不够，货币不稳定。That country’s lopsided stress on heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture and light industry results in a shortage of goods on the market and an unstable currency.

这次国际会议开得好。

The recent international conference was a success.

中国在发展经济的过程中，逐步改善了人民的生活条件。 The economic growth in China has been accompanied by the improvement of the people’s living conditions.

当今中国，电脑使用已经普及，上网人数与日俱增。Nowadays, with the wide use of computers in China, more and more people have access to the Internet.

中国仅有美国一半的可耕地，却负担为美国人口四倍的人民的吃饭问题。

China supports a population four times that of the United States with the arable land only half that of the US. 他们不顾一切困难挫折，坚持创业。

They kept on their enterprise in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.

他不懂知足常乐的道理，对现有的一切还不满足。He never understands that happiness lies in contentment, so he isn’t content with what he has already had. 得知台湾地震，全国人民深表关切。

The people in the mainland are all deeply concerned at the news that Taiwan has been struck by an earthquake. 证人不敢肯定命案发生时他不在场。

The witness isn’t sure that he has an alibi for the time death took place.

国民经济出现了重要转机。The national economy has improved significantly. 专家认为，肥胖人口增长的主要原因是人们的运动量减少。The experts attribute the increasing number of obese people to the decrease in the physical exercises. 许多家用电器都是在中国制造的，这些家用电器性能可靠，操作方便。

A lot of household appliances are made in China, which (and they) are reliable in performance and easy in operation. 水资源稀缺，是我国经济和社会发展的严重制约因素。Lack of water resources is a serious limitation on the economic and social development of our country.

所有单位必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不文明现象。All the organization must clear up, and banish disarray and discourtesy.

亚洲依然是世界上最具经济活力的地区。

Economically, Asia is still the most dynamic region in the world.

一切形式的恐怖行为都严重威胁着所有人民、所有国家的和平、繁荣和安全。

Terrorist acts in all forms and manifestations are a profound threat to the peace, prosperity and security of all people and of all nations.

谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。 Ignorance of the law excuses no man.

我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意。

We are gratified with the smooth development of relations between two countries and particularly the steady growth of our economic and technological cooperation.

我们进行政治体制改革，要有利于维护国家统一、民族团结、社会稳定。

The political reform should be conducted in such a manner as to promote national reunification, unity and social stability. 当前，世界经济贸易形势总体趋好。

At present, the overall trend in the world’s economic and trade situation is getting better.

一般来说，游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。 Generally speaking, a two-day tour is ideal for the West Lake and scenic spots around it.

游览北京、上海、西安，最好是在春、秋两季。Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an are at their best for tourism in spring and autumn.

国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重要进展。China make significant advances in the establishment of a modern corporate structure in large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises.

素质教育继续推进。Continued efforts were made to promote quality-oriented education.

中国的扶贫开发解决了两亿多农村贫困人口的温饱问题。 Thanks to the efforts to assist with the development of the poor areas, the problem of food and clothing for more than 200 million rural poor has been solved. 经过20多年不懈的艰苦奋斗，中国的扶贫开发取得了巨大成就。

Thanks to the arduous and unremitting efforts in the past more than two decades, China has made tremendous achievements in its drive to assist with the development of the poor areas. 近年来，中国轻工业产品的出口有了长足的进步。In recent years, great progress has been made in the export of products in China’s light industries.

一般加工工业生产能力过剩的矛盾仍较突出。Over production is still a glaring problem in ordinary processing industries.

在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。

Trade and investment liberalization and facilitation has take on increased importance at a time when rapid changes are reshaping the global marketplace.

上海商业将广泛应用计算机技术，加快商业电子化步伐。The computer technology will be widely used in the Shanghai ’s commercial sector to accelerate its electronicalization. 如果考虑到劳动力的因素，我国生产率的品均水平长期以来一直很低。

The average level of productivity in our country had long been low when the quality of the labor force was considered. 人不犯我，我不犯人。

We won’t attack others unless we are attacked. 那条路弯弯曲曲的，天气不好的时候，开车可得小心。Drive carefully on that road in bad weather as it’s very winding. 双方都不肯妥协，谈判因而破裂。

Negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise.

由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使得农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。

The isolation of the rural world, due to distance and the lack of transportation facilities, is worsened by the insufficiency of the information media.

没有和平，没有稳定的政治局面，就谈不上经济发展。 Without peace and political stability, there would be no economic progress. 要深化教育体制改革。

We should deepen the restructuring of education system.

全面发展同其他发达国家的友好合作与交流。We will develop friendly cooperation and promote exchanges in an all-round way with developed countries. 要提高贫困地区群众的科技文化素质。

We should improve the sci-tech and cultural qualities of the masses in the poor areas / the poverty-stricken areas. 必须加大基础设施建设力度。

Greater efforts should be made to promote construction of infrastructure.

西部地域辽阔，交通不发达，首先要进行基础设施的建设。Covering a vast area with poor transport facilities, China’s western region is in urgent need of infrastructure facilities. 中国加入世贸组织的谈判已经进行了15年, 中国的立场始终如一。

During the fifteen years of negotiations on China’s entry into the WTO, China has maintained consistent stand /position. 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，/采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极的姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges. We must open ourselves wider to the outside world more actively and resort to more effective measures in an effort to expand foreign trade and attract more foreign funds.

东方明珠电视塔谓语黄浦江畔、浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面环水，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望，是亚洲第一，世界第三的高塔。

The Oriental Pearl Radio and TV Tower is located on a bend of the Huangpu River at the tip of Lujiazui in Pudong. It is surrounded by the river on three sides and faces a row of Western buildings of variegated styles on the Bund across the river. The 468-meter-tall tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.

中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新的体制创新，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。China will be dedicated to establishing a national innovation system and creating a favorable environment to stimulate the innovation of knowledge, technology and institution. It is the only course for China to achieve its development extending to the new century (its trans-century development).

西部大开发战略思想现在已经有了实施的机遇，因为中国的经济发展已经到了这样一个阶段：沿海地区经济的发展已经趋于饱和，要寻找新的市场，而西部地区的开发，现在也迫在眉睫。

Now China has the opportunity to carry out the strategy of the

large-scale development of the western region, for the Chinese economy has grown to a new stage. In this stage, the economy in the eastern coast is approaching the point of “saturation” and calls for markets while development of the western region is imminent.

西部大开发既要有紧迫感，又必须统筹规划，/突出重点，分步实施，防止一哄而上。

We should not only have a sense of urgency, but also work out a comprehensive plan. While giving prominence to some key areas in the development process, we must carry it out step by step instead of rushing headlong into action.

在漫长的历史过程中，中国虽然经历过改朝换代、政权更迭，出现过地方割据，遭遇过外敌入侵，特别是近代史上曾饱受外国列强的侵略和瓜分，/但统一始终是中国历史发展的主流。Throughout its long history, China has witnessed (undergone) changes of dynasties, transfers of governments, regional separatist regimes, foreign invasions, and especially the aggression and dismemberment by foreign powers in modern history. Nevertheless, unity has always represented the main development trend in Chinese history.

当今世界，国际局势总体上趋向缓和，但各种因素引发的冲突甚至局部战争此起彼伏，一些地区的紧张态势依然存在，妨碍了有关国家和地区的经济发展，也对世界经济产生了不利影响。Despite the general tendency of the today’s international situation towards relaxation, the frequent conflicts and local wars triggered by various factors as well as the continuous tension in some areas have impeded the economic development of the countries and regions concerned, and adversely affected the world economy.

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