范文一：研究生英语下课后题答案

研究生英语下课后题答案

Unit 1 Human-based Strategy Key to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 B 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. 1 astute 2 ignite 3 enthusiasm 4 turnover 5 transaction 6 interact with 7 come into contact with 8 empower 9 superior 10 drop out b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 A 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1 Translate the following sentences into English. 1 The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers. 2 Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics. 3 Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends. 4 In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart. 5 The Asian

economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth. 6 China’s

accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy. 7 The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. 8 The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is. 2 Translate the following paragraph into English. It’s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yes,motivation! If you have high

expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization. Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try

to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get! b. English to Chinese 1

Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 哪些做法才能区分以人为

本的公司呢,我们至少可以列出四条:第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据

年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。

公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡

工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨

资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的

最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司

将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。 2 Read the

passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. 1 首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展

有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。 2 如果你想激励员

工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,

那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。 3 你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其

工作表现之间有直接的联系。事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文

化灌输给员工的热情。 4 员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接

受你的看法。 5 只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力

的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。 Unit 3

Cyberspace Network Key to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the

text. 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with

the correct form of the words or phrases you have le

范文二：研究生英语下课后翻译部分

以下内容为笔者整理的书后translation部分的书上例子和习题，如有错误请批评指正。 Unit1

举例：

1.I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity— an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the grey wall, and the silent tarn—a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. (Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”)

译文： 我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我实实在在地认为那宅院及其周围悬浮着一种它们所特有的空气。那种空气并非生发于天地自然，而是生发于那些枯树残枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一汪死气沉沉的湖水。那是一种神秘而致命的雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。

2. She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun. (Ray Douglas Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451)

译文：（ 她的）容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒来时在黑暗中隐约可见的小小的钟面，报告时刻的钟面。它皎洁而安静，深知时间在飞驰，深信黑暗虽然越来越深沉，却也越来越接近新生的太阳。

练习：

1. I’ve been spared a lot, one of the blessed of the earth, at least one of its lucky, that privileged handful of the dramatically prospering, the sort whose secrets are asked, like the hundred-year-old man.

译文：我一直活得无忧无虑，深得上帝垂爱，至少算个幸运儿，少数人才享有的尊荣富贵，我垂手得之。就像百岁人瑞总有人讨教，我的秘诀也总有人探询。

2. And so Franklin Roosevelt found that he had, in effect, to recruit an entirely new and temporary government to be piled on top of the old one, the new government to get the tanks and airplanes built, the uniforms made, the men and women assembled and trained and shipped abroad, and the battles fought and won.

译文：富兰克林· 罗斯福因此意识到他必须招募新班人马，组建临时机构来补强不能胜任的旧政府。新成立的政府机构专门负责建造坦克飞机，定制军服，招募培训战士。这些战士将被派往前线，去赢得一场场的战争。

unit2

举例：

1.It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will supply the necessary calories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, if certain accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet.

译文：动物的食物缺乏维生素这类附加成分时，即使还有蛋白质、脂肪和无机物，而且能供给必需的热量，也不能保持动物的健康，这是人所熟知的事实。

2. I was on my way home from tramping about the street, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the Mathews Gallery.

译文：我挟着书稿在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上无意中发现自己逛到马太书廊的门口。

3. The idea that she had that helpless and gentle creature to protect, gave additional strength to the natural courage of the honest Irishman. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)

译文：这厚道的爱尔兰女人本来有胆量；她一想起这个无能的、温柔的小东西需要她来保护，越发添了勇气。

练习：

1.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higherpay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

译文：许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。

2.Cosmopolitan Shanghai was born to the world in 1842 when the British man-of-war Nemesis, slipping unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Wusong Fort and took the city without a fight.

译文：1842 年英国战舰尼米西斯号悄悄潜入长江口，击毁吴淞炮台，不费一枪一卒占据了上海，国际化的上海就此诞生了。

3. A study of the letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.

译文：研究了一下那封信，我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。

4. The happiness—the superior advantages of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy.

译文：丽贝卡看见她周围的小姐那么有福气，享受种种优越的权利，真是说不出的妒忌。

5. Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house. 译文：乔继续恐慌了两三天；其间这可怜虫都不肯回家。

unit3

举例：

1. The meeting was not held due to the airline strike. It was held to discuss the impact an aging society would have on our environment.

译文：不是因为航空公司罢工才举行会议的。召开这个会议是为了讨论老龄化社会对环境造成的影响。

2. There was nothing to do in Loma in the evening except to go to the saloon, an old board building with swinging doors and a wooden side walk awning. Neither prohibition nor repeal had changed its business, its clientele, or the quality of its whisky. In the course of an evening every male inhabitant of Loma over fifteen years old came at least once to the Buffalo Bar, had a drink, talked a while and went home.

There would be a game of the mildest kind of poker going on. Timothy Ratz, the husband of my landlady, would be playing solitaire, cheating pretty badly because he took a drink only when he got it out. I’ve seen him get out five minutes in a row. When he won he piled the cards neatly, stood up and walked with great dignity to the bar. Fat Carl, the owner and bartender, with a glass half filled before he arrived, asked, “What’ll it be?”

“Whisky,” said Timothy gravely.

译文：在洛曼小镇，晚饭后除了去镇上唯一的那家酒馆便无事可做。酒馆是一座老式的木制建筑，有一扇转门，门前人行道上方有一块木制雨篷。无论是政府的禁酒令还是后来废除禁酒令的法令都未曾改变过它生意的兴隆、顾客的数量，也未曾改变过它威士忌的质量。每天晚饭后，镇上十五岁以上的男子至少要光顾布法罗酒馆一次，喝杯酒，聊聊天，然后回家。 酒馆里常有人玩扑克牌，不过其输赢聊胜于无。我那位房东太太的丈夫蒂莫西?罗兹就经常在那里玩单人纸牌游戏。他玩牌老爱作弊，因为他只在赢牌时才买上一杯酒喝。我曾见过他一口气连赢五盘。赢牌后他便把纸牌整整齐齐地叠好，然后直起身，神气十足地走向吧台。酒馆老板兼伙计胖子卡尔不等他走近吧台便会端起已斟了半杯酒的酒杯问：“来杯什么

酒？”

“威士忌。”蒂莫西总是庄重地回答。

练习：

1. I am a journalist, not a historian, and while this book is an effort to describe a moment in the past, it is less a work of history than of personal reminiscence and reflection. Essentially, it is an account of my own observations and experiences in wartime Washington, supplemented by material drawn from interviews and other sources. I have tried to create out of it all a portrait of the pain and struggle of a city and a government suddenly called upon to fight, and to lead other nations in fighting, the greatest war in history, but pathetically and sometimes hilariously unprepared to do so.

译文：我是新闻工作者，不是历史学家，所以本书描写的虽然是过往岁月中的一刻，却称不上是一部史学著作，而仅是个人的追思。书中所写的主要是战争期间我本人在华盛顿的观察和经历，辅以采访等材料。我试图刻画一个城市和一个政府的痛苦与挣扎，这个城市和政府突然被要求参加战争，还要在战争中领导别的国家，参与的又是有史以来最伟大的战争，实在是有些措手不及，因此表现得很糟糕，有时甚至很可笑。

2.This is bound to be somewhere close to the last reporting from that period based on firsthand sources. One after another, with unsettling rapidity, those in positions of power and responsibility during World War II are passing from the scene. Several who agreed to recall and describe their experiences in the war years died before I could get to them.

译文：这几乎肯定是以第一手资料写成的、有关那个时期的最后一场报道。二战中位高权重的人物一个接一个很快去世，实在令人不安。有几位原本已经答应回忆并讲述一下他们在二战中的经历，可我还没来得及拜访，他们就离开了人世。

3.I have not dealt here in any detail with the grand strategy of the war in Europe and the Pacific. Instead, I have tried to report mainly on what I saw and heard and learned in Washington during years now fading into a misty past, the wartime experience of a country two-thirds of whose people are now too young to remember any of it. The result is a sort of Our Town at war, the story of a city astonished and often confused to find itself at the center of a worldwide conflict without ever hearing a shot fired. A strange city, set up in the first place to be the center of government and, like government itself at that time, a city moving slowly and doing little.

译文：我在本书中没有对欧洲及太平洋战区中的宏大战略做详尽的描述。相反，我主要报道了那些年我在华盛顿的所见所闻。这些往事已经在人们的记忆中变得越来越模糊，对于那场战争，这个国家中有三分之二的人都太年轻，对它并无记忆。结果，本书描写的就是一个以战争为背景的“我们的小镇”，讲的是一个城市在根本没有听到一声枪响的情况下，就卷入了一场全球性冲突，因而变得很惊愕，常常也很困惑。这是一个不同寻常的城市，设立时主要是想将它建成政府的中心，因此这个城市便和当时的政府一样，行动十分缓慢，所做相当有限。

unit4【缩译法】

举例：

1.Darkness came down on the field and the city: And Amelia was praying for George, who was lying on his face, dead, with a bullet through his heart.

译文：夜色四罩，城中之妻祈天保夫无恙，战场上其夫扑卧，一弹穿心，死矣。

2.He seated himself close to her; he gazed at her in silence, or told her stories of the days gone by, of her childhood and of the convert.

译文：他坐在她身旁，静静地望着她，或者和她谈谈往事，她的童年和她在修道院的情景。

3.The liquid water is heated so that it becomes steam.

译文：液态水受热而变成蒸汽。

4.No one has told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus so that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.

译文：谁也没有跟他们说过，英国人有排队候车、先到先上的习惯。

5.Two men occupied the same hospital room. They were both seriously ill.

译文：两位重病患者住在同一间病房里。

6.Her experiment got nowhere. There is no sign of progress since.

译文：但是，她的实验已陷入僵局，并且至今也没取得任何进展。

练习：

1.In the course of the same for war, a serious epidemic broke out.

译文：在战争的同一时期里，一场严重的传染病爆发。

2.A receptor is shaped in such a way that it can receive only a certain messenger.

译文：受体的构造形状使得它只能接受某一类型的信使。

3.The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.

译文：钢的结构和性质，视其加热成度和冷却快慢而定。

4.Take care of pence, and the pound will take care of themselves.

译文：积少成多或集腋成裘。

unit 5【拆译法】

1.He shall be glad of your company on journey.

译文：如果你能陪他一块儿去，他会很高兴的。

2.She had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and she was all for the racy phrases.

译文：她感到习语是语言的支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，她的想法是完全正确的。

3."But we have a lot of small, very disruptive day-in and day-out problems on the factory floor," one industrialist said.

译文：一位实业家说：“在工厂办公楼里，我们面临许多很小但破坏性却很大的问题，它们日复一日，无休无止地发生。”

4.Thunderstorm in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding.

译文：春夏两季，雷雨交加，猛烈异常，往往会导致暴雨成灾。

5. In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in the soil, various acids and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods.

译文：动植物在泥土里腐烂的过程中，形成各种酸和气体。这些酸和气体有助于分解岩石粒和其他化合物，以供植物作养料。

6. Considerable attention has been focused on the dilemma presented by the patient with chest pain who, on angiographic study, has normal coronary arteries and no other objective evidence of heart disease.

译文：有一种胸痛病人，其冠状动脉造影检查正常，又无心脏病的其他客观特征，其诊断上的困难引起了人们的极大重视。

7. This development is in part a result of experimental studies indicating that favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury

and that reduction after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance.

译文：从某种程度上讲，这方面的进展是实验研究的结果。实验结果表明，有效改善心肌耗氧量的决定因素可减轻局部损害，并且负荷的减轻也能改善心肌功能。

8.Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?

译文：例如：炮兵利用科学毁坏人体，而就在附近，外科医生用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏的人体，还有什么情景比这更怪诞可怕的吗？

练习：

1.They vainly tried to find out the stranger’s name.

他们想查出那陌生人的姓名，却徒劳无功。

2. The infinitesimal amount of nuclear fuel required makes it possible to build power reactors in that mountainous area.

动力反应堆所需要的核燃料极少，因此可以把它建在那个山区。

3. It all began in the mid-1850s, when Lowe’s experiments with balloons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air that moved in an easterly direction, no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.

译文：这一切都始于19世纪50年代中叶，当时罗威的气球实验使他相信上升气流的存在。不管下层的气流向什么方向流动，这种上升气流总是向东流动。

4. More puzzling is the remarkable increase in occurrence of this disease which has happened since World War II in a number of western countries where standards of hygiene were continuously improving.

译文：第二次世界大战以来，一些西方国家的卫生条件在不断地改善，但在这些国家中，此病的发生率也明显增加。这一点颇令人费解。

unit6【摘译】

举例：

1.Apple expects to have a fix this month for a vulnerability in the IPHONE that could allow an attacker to gain control of the device remotely via SMS, according to CNET.NET.com.

据美国CNET科技资讯网报道，苹果公司预计将于本月修复IPHONE中存在的一个安全漏洞，这一漏洞使得黑客能够通过收发短信遥控手机。

An attacker could exploit a weakness in the way IPHONE handle SMS messages to do things likes use GPS to track the phone's location, turn on the microphone for eavesdropping, or take control of the device and add it to botnet, Charlie Miller, co-author of the Mac Hacker's Handbook and principal security analyst at Independent Security Evaluator, said in a presentation at the SyScan conference in Singapore. The presentation was covered by IDG News Service.

独立安全评估公司的首席安全分析师查理·米勒，同时也是苹果黑客手册的合著者，在新加坡硅感技术会议上声称，黑客能够利用IPHONE处理短信服务中的漏洞，采用全球定位系统来跟踪IPHONE的位置，打开手机话筒窃取用户通话，或者控制手机，把手机变成“僵尸网络”的一员。该发言由IDG新闻服务报道。

Miller said that under an agreement with Apple, he was barred from providing too much detail on the vulnerability. He plans to give more detailed presentation on the hole at the Black Hat conference in Las Vegas at the end of the month.

米勒说,根据与苹果公司的协议,他被禁止提供太多的细节的漏洞。他计划于本月底在拉斯维加斯举行的黑帽会议上给出对这个漏洞的更详细说明。

Despite the SMS hole, the IPHONE is more secure than OS X on computers, Miller said. That is

because the IPHONE doesn't support Adobe Flash and Java, only runs software digitally signed by Apple, includes hardware protection for data stored in memory, and runs applications in a sandbox, he said.

米勒指出尽管存在这一短信服务漏洞，不过相对于电脑上的OS X系统，IPONE还是比较安全的。他说，这是因为IPHONE不支持Adobe Flash和Java，只能运行苹果数字签名的软件，包括对内存中存储数据的保护硬件,和在沙箱中运行的应用程序。

Apple representatives did not immediately respond to an email request for comment.

苹果代表没有立即回复电子邮件评论。

2.A 36 years-old Swiss amateur parachutist made a successful 650-metre drop using a replica of a parachute designed more than 500 years ago by Leonardo da Vinci."I came down ? smack in the middle of the tarmac at Payerne military airport," said Olivier Vietti-Teppa. "A perfect jump." Vietti-Teppa is the first person to have made it safely to the ground with the Leonardo model. In 2000, Britain's Adrian Nicholas tried it but had to pull the ripcord on a modern backup parachute to complete his descent safely.

瑞士一名36岁的跳伞爱好者成功地从650的高空降落，而他用的降落伞是500多年前的莱昂纳多·达·芬奇设计的降落伞的复制品。“我降落了??手掌击在佩也那军用机场的停机坪上，”奥利弗 维耶提—帕特说道，“完美的一跳。” 维耶提—帕特是第一个用达·芬奇设计的这款降落伞安全降落到地面的人。在2000年，英国的尼古拉斯·阿德里安曾尝试但不得不打开备用的现代伞而完成安全降落。

Vietti-Teppa jumped from a hovering helicopter and the Leonardo parachute opened at 600 meters, he reported. The parachute he used was made using modern fabric along lines designed by the Renaissance genius. The specifications were found in a text dating from 1485. The parachute consists of four equilateral triangles, seven meters on each side, made of parachute fabric, Vietti-Teppa explained. The base of the pyramid is a square of mosquito net, which enables the parachute to open. A wooden frame originally conceived by da Vinci was not used on the model in action on Saturday. One drawback: it is impossible to maneuver or steer the Leonardo parachute. "You come down at the whim of the wind," said Vietti-Teppa, who carried out advance tests using a scale dummy model launched from a remote-controlled model helicopter.

维耶蒂-特帕说他从一架盘旋的直升机上跳下在600米处打开了达芬奇降落伞。降落伞是由现代的材质制造的但是其设计来自于文艺复兴时期的天才。其制作说明来自于1485年的一份资料。维耶蒂-特帕解释说:”这个降落伞由4个边长为7米的等边三角形组成，材质为降落伞绸。”金字塔底部是一块正方形的蚊帐，它可以帮助撑开降落伞。周六所使用的降落伞并没有使用达芬奇之前设计的木质框架。这种降落伞的一个缺点是你不可能控制其方向。维耶蒂-特帕说：“当你跳下来后就只能随风飘了。”他之前使用遥控直升机对比例模型进行过试验。

练习：

Prime Minister Gordon Brown of Britain disclosed Saturday that an eye examination showed two tears in his right retina—a revelation that could embolden critics who want him to step down before a national election.

Downing Street moved quickly to quash speculation over Brown's health, issuing the statement only one day after a regular examination at a London eye hospital. Brown's office said his eyesight remained unchanged and that no operations were planned to address the situation. "Were there to be any change, he would of course make a further statement,” Brown’s office said

in a statement.

Brown, who lost the use of his left eye in a sporting accident when he was a teenager and had surgery to save the sight in the other one, has been dogged by questions about his eyesight in recent months.

During a visit to the United States for the Group of 20 summit, he was forced to deny that he was slowly going blind.

NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams had questioned Brown over reports that he was using larger and larger text sizes as his remaining vision declined.

"I had all sorts of operations,” Brown said during the September interview.“ I then had one operation on the other eye and that was very successful, so my sight is not at all deteriorating,” he said.

The same month he told the BBC that “it would be a terrible, terrible indictment of our political system if you thought that because someone had this medical issue they couldn’t do their job.” The September comments came as former Home Secretary Charles Clarke told the London Evening Standard newspaper that he hoped rumors Brown would quit—perhaps on health grounds—would come true.

Brown must call a general election by June 2010. Recent polls overwhelmingly suggest that the opposition Conservative Party will win after 13 years out of power.

British prime ministers rarely disclose details about their health unless they need to take time off work as in 2004, when Brown’s predecessor Tony Blair had a surgical procedure to correct an irregular heartbeat.

Som Prasad, a consultant ophthalmologist at Arrowe Park Hospital in northwest England, said retinal tears affect 3% of people over 40 in Britain, and only occasionally cause serious problems. 摘译：英国首相办公室周六发表声明说，首相戈登，布朗在接受眼睛检查时发现右眼视网膜上有两处裂缝，据悉，反对派可能以此为由要求布朗在大选前提前下台，但布朗办公室说，这次视网膜破裂不影响布朗视力，目前也没有动手术的打算，布朗年轻时参加体育活动受伤，左眼失明，但通过手术保住了右眼视力。

全文翻译：

英国首相办公室周六发表声明说，首相戈登，布朗在接受眼睛检查时发现右眼视网膜上有两处裂缝，据悉，反对派可能以此为由要求布朗在大选前提前下台。

唐宁街迅速平息有关布朗的健康炒作，仅在伦敦眼科医院定期检查的一天后发布声明。布朗办公室说，这次视网膜破裂不影响布朗视力，目前也没有动手术的打算，布朗年轻时参加体育活动受伤，左眼失明，但通过手术保住了右眼视力。

布朗办公室声明表示：“如有任何变化，他当会做出进一步的声明。”

青少年时因体育事故失去左眼而动手术保全另一眼睛视力的布朗近几个月来被视力问题所困扰。

在访问美国的20国集团峰会期间，他被迫否认慢慢地失明。

NBC晚间新闻主播布瑞恩威廉姆斯提出质疑，剩存视力下降使得布朗的报告使用是大字体 布朗九月的采访中说道：“我做了多种手术。”他说：“然后我还在另一只眼睛动了手术，手术非常成功，所以我的视力根本没有恶化。

同月，布朗告诉英国广播公司，“如果你认为有人因为这样的医疗问题而他们不能做他们的工作，这将是对政治系统的可怕的控诉。九月，伦敦标准晚报刊登前内政大臣查尔斯克拉克的意见，他希望关于布朗可能因健康背景而将要退出的谣言将成真。

布朗必须在2010六月召开大选。最近的民意调查都显示了反对党将失去权利的13年后赢得

除非他们需要休息一段时间，例如2004，布朗的前任托尼布莱尔需要纠正心律不齐外科手术，否则英国首相很少披露有关他们自己的健康细节。

英国西北部的Arrowe公园医院眼科顾问山姆·帕萨迪说，视网膜裂孔影响3% 的40岁以上的英国人，偶尔会导致严重的问题。

uint7【新闻】（不重要）

练习：

1,S Korea set emissions-cut target.

2,Firm vie for bigger share of car market.

3,Spanish PM: Somali pirates free fishermen.

4,China receives 94m overseas tourists in Jan-sept, down 3.45%.

5,US, Russian leaders say nations closer to deal to cut nuclear arms.

6,South African runner Caster Semenya will be allow to keep the gold medal she won in the women's 800-meters at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, in August, the country's sports ministry announced Thursdays.

7,After complaining of feeling badly for days, Nicole Richie was hospitalized for pneumonia at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and was "doing well", her rep said Wednesday. 1，韩国制定目标，减少尾气排放。

2，汽车公司争夺更大的市场份额。

3，西班牙首相说：索马里海盗释放了渔民。

4，中国前三季度接待外国游客9，400万人，比去年同期下降3.45%。

5，美俄领导人说两国将达成协议，减少核武器。

6，周四，南非体育部宣布，今年8月德国柏林世界田径锦标赛女子800米比赛中获得金牌的南非选手拉斯特尔·赛门亚将继续持有该项目金牌。

7，周三，妮可·里奇的发言人说，妮可里奇因持续数日感觉不适，诊断出患有肺炎，被送往洛杉矶西达斯-西奈医学中心进行治疗，据悉，其情况良好并无大碍。

unit8【科技】(没讲)

练习：

1.The heart is about the size of a fist, weighs about 9-11 ounces and is placed snugly between the lungs, a little more to the left than to the right.

2. The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.

3. Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great influence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element has been widely applied to analyze it numerically in China.

1. 心脏约有一只拳头那么大，重约9到11盎司，位于两肺之间，略偏于左方。

2. 中国已成功发射了第一颗试验卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。

3. 活塞与气缸的配合间隙，对于电动机的使用寿命有很大影响，影响配合间隙的主要因素是活塞在工作状态下的变形。真实反映活塞变形情况非常重要，国内已广泛采用有限元法进行数据分析。

unit9【商务】（没讲）

1.In case the buyer fail to carry out any of the terms or conditions to this Contract with the Seller, the Seller shall have the right to terminate all or any part of this Contract with the Buyer or postpone shipment or stop any goods in transit and the Buyer shall in every such case be liable to the Seller for all losses, damages and expenses thereby incurred.

倘若买方未能履行与卖方所订合同的任何条款，卖方有权中止与买方的全部或部分合同，或延期交货，或截留运输中货物。在任何一种情况下，买方必须负责赔偿卖方由此发生的损失、损坏或相应的费用。

2.The Contractor shall notify the insurers of changes in the nature, extent or program for the execution of the Works and ensure the adequacy of the insurance at all times in accordance with the terms of the Contract and shall, when required, produce to the Employer the insurance policies in force and receipts for payment of the current premiums.

承包人应该把工程施工的性质、范围或计划进度方面的变化情况通知承保人，并保证按合同条款在整个期间内有完备的保险，并在需要时，向业主出示生效保险单及本期保险费的支付收据。

unit10【广告】（不重要）

1. Start ahead. （ 飘柔）

2. Every time a good time. ( 麦当劳）

3. Everyone’s invited. ( 三星数码）

4. The world’s local bank. ( 汇丰银行）

5. Time is what you make of it.（斯沃奇手表）

1.成功之路，从头开始。

2.更多欢笑，更多快乐，就在麦当劳。

3.三星数字世界欢迎你。

4.环球理财，当地智慧。

5.天长地久。

范文三：研究生英语下课后翻译部分 (2)

以下内容为?笔者整理的?书后tra?nslat?ion部分?的书上例子?和习题，如有错误请?批评指正。 Unit1?

举例:

1.I had so worke?d upon my imagi?natio?n as reall?y to belie?ve that about? the whole? mansi?on and domai?n there? hung an atmos?phere? pecul?iar to thems?elves? and their? immed?iate vicin?ity— an atmos?phere? which? had no affin?ity with the air of heave?n, but which? had reeke?d up from the decay?ed trees?, and the grey wall, and the silen?t tarn—a pesti?lent and mysti?c vapor?, dull, slugg?ish, faint?ly disce?rnibl?e, and leade?n-hued. (Edgar? Allan? Poe: “The Fall of the House? of Usher?”) 译文: 我如此沉湎?于自己的想?象，以至于我实?实在在地认?为那宅院及?其周围悬浮?着一种它们?所特有的空?气。那种空气并?非生发于天?地自然，而是生发于?那些枯树残?枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一?汪死气沉沉?的湖水。那是一种神?秘而致命的?雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。 2. She had a very thin face like the dial of a small? clock? seen faint?ly in a dark room in the middl?e of a night? when you waken? to see the time and see the clock? telli?ng you the hour and the minut?e and the secon?d, with a white? silen?ce and a glowi?ng, all certa?inty and knowi?ng what it has to tell of the night? passi?ng swift?ly on towar?d furth?er darkn?ess but movin?g also towar?d a new sun. (Ray Dougl?as Bradb?ury: Fahre?nheit? 451)

译文:( 她的)容貌那么清?秀，就像半夜里?醒来时在黑?暗中隐约可?见的小小的?钟面，报告时刻的?钟面。它皎洁而安?静，深知时间在?飞驰，深信黑暗虽?然越来越深?沉，却也越来越?接近新生的?太阳。

练习:

1. I’ve been spare?d a lot, one of the bless?ed of the earth?, at least? one of its lucky?, that privi?leged? handf?ul of the drama?tical?ly prosp?ering?, the sort whose? secre?ts are asked?, like the hundr?ed-year-old man.

译文:我一直活得?无忧无虑，深得上帝垂?爱，至少算个幸?运儿，少数人才享?有的尊荣富?贵，我垂手得之?。就像百岁人?瑞总有人讨?教，我的秘诀也?总有人探询?。

2. And so Frank?lin Roose?velt found? that he had, in effec?t, to recru?it an entir?ely new and tempo?rary gover?nment? to be piled? on top of the old one, the new gover?nment? to get the tanks? and airpl?anes built?, the unifo?rms made, the men and women? assem?bled and train?ed and shipp?ed abroa?d, and the battl?es fough?t and won.

译文:富兰克林? 罗斯福因此?意识到他必?须招募新班?人马，组建临时机?构来补强不?能胜任的旧?政府。新成立的政?府机构专门?负责建造坦?克飞机，定制军服，招募培训战?士。这些战士将?被派往前线?，去赢得一场?场的战争。

unit2?

举例:

1.It is well known? that anima?ls canno?t be maint?ained? in good healt?h on diets? which? will suppl?y the neces?sary calor?ies toget?her with prote?in, fat and miner?al requi?remen?ts, if certa?in acces?sory food facto?rs, the vitam?ins, are absen?t from the diet.

译文:动物的食物?缺乏维生素?这类附加成?分时，即使还有蛋?白质、脂肪和无机?物，而且能供给?必需的热量?，也不能保持?动物的健康?，这是人所熟?知的事实。

2. I was on my way home from tramp?ing about? the stree?t, my drawi?ngs under? my arm, when I found? mysel?f in front? of the Mathe?ws Galle?ry.

译文:我挟着书稿?在街上兜了?一圈，回家的路上?无意中发现?自己逛到马?太书廊的门?口。 3. The idea that she had that helpl?ess and gentl?e creat?ure to prote?ct, gave addit?ional? stren?gth to the natur?al coura?ge of the hones?t Irish?man. (W. M. Thack?eray: Vanit?y Fair)

译文:这厚道的爱?尔兰女人本?来有胆量;她一想起这?个无能的、温柔的小东?西需要她来?保护，越发添了勇?气。

练习:

1.Such is human? natur?e in the West that a great? many peopl?e are often? willi?ng to sacri?fice highe?rpay for the privi?lege of becom?ing white? colla?r worke?rs.

译文:许多人宁愿?牺牲比较高?的工资以换?取成为白领?工人的社会?地位，这在西方倒?是人之常情?。

2.Cosmo?polit?an Shang?hai was born to the world? in 1842 when the Briti?sh man-of-war Nemes?is, slipp?ing unnot?iced into the mouth? of the Yangt?ze River?, reduc?ed the Wuson?g Fort and took the city witho?ut a fight?.

译文:1842 年英国战舰?尼米西斯号?悄悄潜入长?江口，击毁吴淞炮?台，不费一枪一?卒占据了上?海，国际化的上?海就此诞生?了。

3. A study? of the lette?r leave?s us in no doubt? as to the motiv?es behin?d it.

译文:研究了一下?那封信，我们毫不怀?疑该信是别?有用心的。

4. The happi?ness—the super?ior advan?tages? of the young? women? round? about? her, gave Rebec?ca inexp?ressi?ble pangs? of envy.

译文:丽贝卡看见?她周围的小?姐那么有福?气，享受种种优?越的权利，真是说不出?的妒忌。 5. Poor Joe’s panic? laste?d for two or three? days; durin?g which? he did not visit? the house?. 译文:乔继续恐慌?了两三天;其间这可怜?虫都不肯回?家。

unit3?

举例:

1. The meeti?ng was not held due to the airli?ne strik?e. It was held to discu?ss the impac?t an aging? socie?ty would? have on our envir?onmen?t.

译文:不是因为航?空公司罢工?才举行会议?的。召开这个会?议是为了讨?论老龄化社?会对环境造?成的影响。

2. There? was nothi?ng to do in Loma in the eveni?ng excep?t to go to the saloo?n, an old board? build?ing with swing?ing doors? and a woode?n side walk awnin?g. Neith?er prohi?bitio?n nor repea?l had chang?ed its busin?ess, its clien?tele, or the quali?ty of its whisk?y. In the cours?e of an eveni?ng every? male inhab?itant? of Loma over fifte?en years? old came at least? once to the Buffa?lo Bar, had a drink?, talke?d a while? and went home.

There? would? be a game of the milde?st kind of poker? going? on. Timot?hy Ratz, the husba?nd of my landl?ady, would? be playi?ng solit?aire, cheat?ing prett?y badly? becau?se he took a drink? only when he got it out. I’ve seen him get out five minut?es in a row. When he won he piled? the cards? neatl?y, stood? up and walke?d with great? digni?ty to the bar. Fat Carl, the owner? and barte?nder, with a glass? half fille?d befor?e he arriv?ed, asked?, “What’ll it be?”

“Whisk?y,” said Timot?hy grave?ly.

译文:在洛曼小镇?，晚饭后除了?去镇上唯一?的那家酒馆?便无事可做?。酒馆是一座?老式的木制?建筑，有一扇转门?，门前人行道?上方有一块?木制雨篷。无论是政府?的禁酒令还?是后来废除?禁酒令的法?令都未曾改?变过它生意?的兴隆、顾客的数量?，也未曾改变?过它威士忌?的质量。每天晚饭后?，镇上十五岁?以上的男子?至少要光顾?布法罗酒馆?一次，喝杯酒，聊聊天，然后回家。

酒馆里常有?人玩扑克牌?，不过其输赢?聊胜于无。我那位房东?太太的丈夫?蒂莫西?罗兹就经常?在那里玩单?人纸牌游戏?。他玩牌老爱?作弊，因为他只在?赢牌时才买?上一杯酒喝?。我曾见过他?一口气连赢?五盘。赢牌后他便?把纸牌整整?齐齐地叠好?，然后直起身?，神气十足地?

走向吧台。酒馆老板兼?伙计胖子卡?尔不等他走?近吧台便会?端起已斟了?半杯酒的酒?杯问:“来杯什么酒?,”

“威士忌。”蒂莫西总是?庄重地回答?。

练习:

1. I am a journ?alist?, not a histo?rian, and while? this book is an effor?t to descr?ibe a momen?t in the past, it is less a work of histo?ry than of perso?nal remin?iscen?ce and refle?ction?. Essen?tiall?y, it is an accou?nt of my own obser?vatio?ns and exper?ience?s in warti?me Washi?ngton?, suppl?ement?ed by mater?ial drawn? from inter?views? and other? sourc?es. I have tried? to creat?e out of it all a portr?ait of the pain and strug?gle of a city and a gover?nment? sudde?nly calle?d upon to fight?, and to lead other? natio?ns in fight?ing, the great?est war in histo?ry, but pathe?tical?ly and somet?imes hilar?iousl?y unpre?pared? to do so.

译文:我是新闻工?作者，不是历史学?家，所以本书描?写的虽然是?过往岁月中?的一刻，却称不上是?一部史学著?作，而仅是个人?的追思。书中所写的?主要是战争?期间我本人?在华盛顿的?观察和经历?，辅以采访等?材料。我试图刻画?一个城市和?一个政府的?痛苦与挣扎?，这个城市和?政府突然被?要求参加战?争，还要在战争?中领导别的?国家，参与的又是?有史以来最?伟大的战争?，实在是有些?措手不及，因此表现得?很糟糕，有时甚至很?可笑。

2.This is bound? to be somew?here close? to the last repor?ting from that perio?d based? on first?hand sourc?es. One after? anoth?er, with unset?tling? rapid?ity, those? in posit?ions of power? and respo?nsibi?lity durin?g World? War II are passi?ng from the scene?. Sever?al who agree?d to recal?l and descr?ibe their? exper?ience?s in the war years? died befor?e I could? get to them.

这几乎肯定?是以第一手?资料写成的?、有关那个时?期的最后一?场报道。二战中位高?权译文:

重的人物?一个接一个?很快去世，实在令人不?安。有几位原本?已经答应回?忆并讲述一?下他们在二?战中的经历?，可我还没来?得及拜访，他们就离开?了人世。

3.I have not dealt? here in any detai?l with the grand? strat?egy of the war in Europ?e and the Pacif?ic. Inste?ad, I have tried? to repor?t mainl?y on what I saw and heard? and learn?ed in Washi?ngton? durin?g years? now fadin?g into a misty? past, the warti?me exper?ience? of a count?ry two-third?s of whose? peopl?e are now too young? to remem?ber any of it. The resul?t is a sort of Our Town at war, the

story? of a city aston?ished? and often? confu?sed to find itsel?f at the cente?r of a world?wide confl?ict witho?ut ever heari?ng a shot fired?. A stran?ge city, set up in the first? place? to be the cente?r of gover?nment? and, like gover?nment? itsel?f at that time, a city movin?g slowl?y and doing? littl?e. 译文:我在本书中?没有对欧洲?及太平洋战?区中的宏大?战略做详尽?的描述。相反，我主要报道?了那些年我?在华盛顿的?所见所闻。这些往事已?经在人们的?记忆中变得?越来越模糊?，对于那场战?争，这个国家中?有三分之二?的人都太年?轻，对它并无记?忆。结果，本书描写的?就是一个以?战争为背景?的“我们的小镇?”，讲的是一个?城市在根本?没有听到一?声枪响的情?况下，就卷入了一?场全球性冲?突，因而变得很?惊愕，常常也很困?惑。这是一个不?同寻常的城?市，设立时主要?是想将它建?成政府的中?心，因此这个城?市便和当时?的政府一样?，行动十分缓?慢，所做相当有?限。

unit4?【缩译法】

举例:

1.Darkn?ess came down on the field? and the city: And Ameli?a was prayi?ng for Georg?e, who was lying? on his face, dead, with a bulle?t throu?gh his heart?.

译文:夜色四罩，城中之妻祈?天保夫无恙?，战场上其夫?扑卧，一弹穿心，死矣。

2.He seate?d himse?lf close? to her; he gazed? at her in silen?ce, or told her stori?es of the days gone by, of her child?hood and of the conve?rt.

译文:他坐在她身?旁，静静地望着?她，或者和她谈?谈往事，她的童年和?她在修道院?的情景。 3.The liqui?d water? is heate?d so that it becom?es steam?.

译文:液态水受热?而变成蒸汽?。

4.No one has told them about? the Briti?sh custo?m of linin?g up for a bus so that the first? perso?n who arriv?es at a bus stop is the first? perso?n to get on the bus. 译文:谁也没有跟?他们说过，英国人有排?队候车、先到先上的?习惯。

5.Two men occup?ied the same hospi?tal room. They were both serio?usly ill. 译文:两位重病患?者住在同一?间病房里。

6.Her exper?iment? got nowhe?re. There? is no sign of progr?ess since?.

译文:但是，她的实验已?陷入僵局，并且至今也?没取得任何?进展。

练习:

1.In the cours?e of the same for war, a serio?us epide?mic broke? out.

译文:在战争的同?一时期里，一场严重的?传染病爆发?。

2.A recep?tor is shape?d in such a way that it can recei?ve only a certa?in messe?nger. 译文:受体的构造?形状使得它?只能接受某?一类型的信?使。

3.The struc?ture of the steel? and the resul?ting prope?rties? will depen?d on how hot the steel? gets and how quick?ly or slowl?y it is coole?d.

译文:钢的结构和?性质，视其加热成?度和冷却快?慢而定。

4.Take care of pence?, and the pound? will take care of thems?elves?.

译文:积少成多或?集腋成裘。

unit 5【拆译法】

1.He shall? be glad of your compa?ny on journ?ey.

译文:如果你能陪?他一块儿去?，他会很高兴?的。

2.She had a sound? feeli?ng that idiom? was the backb?one of a langu?age and she was all for the

racy phras?es.

译文:她感到习语?是语言的支?柱，因此特别主?张用生动的?短语，她的想法是?完全正确的?。 3."But we have a lot of small?, very disru?ptive? day-in and day-out probl?ems on the facto?ry floor?," one indus?trial?ist said.

译文:一位实业家?说:“在工厂办公?楼里，我们面临许?多很小但破?坏性却很大?的问题，它们日复一?日，无休无止地?发生。”

4.Thund?ersto?rm in sprin?g and summe?r often? come with inten?sity great? enoug?h to cause? flash?-flood?ing.

译文:春夏两季，雷雨交加，猛烈异常，往往会导致?暴雨成灾。

5. In the cours?e of decay? of the veget?able and anima?l matte?r in the soil, vario?us acids? and gases? are forme?d which? help to decom?pose the rock parti?cles and other? compo?unds neede?d for the plant? foods?.

译文:动植物在泥?土里腐烂的?过程中，形成各种酸?和气体。这些酸和气?体有助于分?解岩石粒和?其他化合物?，以供植物作?养料。

6. Consi?derab?le atten?tion has been focus?ed on the dilem?ma prese?nted by the patie?nt with chest? pain who, on angio?graph?ic study?, has norma?l coron?ary arter?ies and no other? objec?tive evide?nce of heart? disea?se.

译文:有一种胸痛?病人，其冠状动脉?造影检查正?常，又无心脏病?的其他客观?特征，其诊断上的?困难引起了?人们的极大?重视。

7. This devel?opmen?t is in part a resul?t of exper?iment?al studi?es indic?ating? that favor?able

alter?ation?s in the deter?minan?ts of myoca?rdial? oxyge?n consu?mptio?n may reduc?e ische?mic injur?y and that reduc?tion after? load may be assoc?iated? with impro?ved cardi?ac perfo?rmanc?e. 译文:从某种程度?上讲，这方面的进?展是实验研?究的结果。实验结果表?明，有效改善心?肌耗氧量的?决定因素可?减轻局部损?害，并且负荷的?减轻也能改?善心肌功能?。 8.Could? any spect?acle, for insta?nce, be more griml?y whims?ical than that of gunne?rs using? scien?ce to shatt?er men’s bodie?s while?, close? at hand, surge?ons use it to resto?re them? 译文:例如:炮兵利用科?学毁坏人体?，而就在附近?，外科医生用?科学抢救被?炮兵毁坏的?人体，还有什么情?景比这更怪?诞可怕的吗?,

练习:

1.They vainl?y tried? to find out the stran?ger’s name.

他们想查出?那陌生人的?姓名，却徒劳无功?。

2. The infin?itesi?mal amoun?t of nucle?ar fuel requi?red makes? it possi?ble to build? power? react?ors in that mount?ainou?s area.

动力反应堆?所需要的核?燃料极少，因此可以把?它建在那个?山区。

3. It all began? in the mid-1850s?, when Lowe’s exper?iment?s with ballo?ons led him to belie?ve in the exist?ence of an upper? strea?m of air that moved? in an easte?rly direc?tion, no matte?r what direc?tion the lower? curre?nts flowe?d.

译文:这一切都始?于19世纪?50年代中?叶，当时罗威的?气球实验使?他相信上升?气流的存在?。不管下层的?气流向什么?方向流动，这种上升气?流总是向东?流动。

4. More puzzl?ing is the remar?kable? incre?ase in occur?rence? of this disea?se which? has happe?ned since? World? War II in a numbe?r of weste?rn count?ries where? stand?ards of hygie?ne were conti?nuous?ly impro?ving.

译文:第二次世界?大战以来，一些西方国?家的卫生条?件在不断地?改善，但在这些国?家中，此病的发生?率也明显增?加。这一点颇令?人费解。

unit6?【摘译】

举例:

1.Apple? expec?ts to have a fix this month? for a vulne?rabil?ity in the IPHON?E that could? allow? an attac?ker to gain contr?ol of the devic?e remot?ely via SMS, accor?ding to CNET.NET.com. 据美国CN?ET科技资?讯网报道，苹果公司预?计将于本月?修复IPH?ONE中存?在的一个安?全漏洞，这一漏洞使?得黑客能够?通过收发短?信遥控手机?。

An attac?ker could? explo?it a weakn?ess in the way IPHON?E handl?e SMS messa?ges to do thing?s likes? use GPS to track? the phone?'s locat?ion, turn on the micro?phone? for eaves?dropp?ing, or take contr?ol of the devic?e and add it to botne?t, Charl?ie Mille?r, co-autho?r of the Mac Hacke?r's Handb?ook and princ?ipal secur?ity analy?st at Indep?enden?t Secur?ity Evalu?ator, said in a prese?ntati?on at the SySca?n confe?rence? in Singa?pore. The prese?ntati?on was cover?ed by IDG News Servi?ce.

独立安全评?估公司的首?席安全分析?师查理?米勒，同时也是苹?果黑客手册?的合著者，在新加坡硅?感技术会议?上声称，黑客能够利?用IPHO?NE处理短?信服务中的?漏洞，采用全球定?位系统来跟?踪IPHO?NE的位置?，打开手机话?筒窃取用户?通话，或者控制手?机，把手机变成?“僵尸网络”的一员。该发言由I?DG新闻服?务报道。

Mille?r said that under? an agree?ment with Apple?, he was barre?d from provi?ding too much detai?l on the vulne?rabil?ity. He plans? to give more detai?led prese?ntati?on on the hole at the Black? Hat confe?rence? in Las Vegas? at the end of the month?.

米勒说,根据与苹果?公司的协议?,他被禁止提?供太多的细?节的漏洞。他计划于本?月底在拉斯?维加斯举行?的黑帽会议?上给出对这?个漏洞的更?详细说明。

Despi?te the SMS hole, the IPHON?E is more secur?e than OS X on compu?ters, Mille?r said. That is becau?se the IPHON?E doesn?'t suppo?rt Adobe? Flash? and Java, only runs softw?are digit?ally signe?d by Apple?, inclu?des hardw?are prote?ction? for data store?d in memor?y, and runs appli?catio?ns in a sandb?ox, he said.

米勒指出尽?管存在这一?短信服务漏?洞，不过相对于?电脑上的O?S X系统，IPONE?还是比较安?全的。他说，这是因为I?PHONE?不支持Ad?obe Flash?和Java?，只能运行苹?果数字签名?的软件，包括对内存?中存储数据?的保护硬件?,和在沙箱中?运行的应用?程序。

Apple? repre?senta?tives? did not immed?iatel?y respo?nd to an email? reque?st for comme?nt. 苹果代表没?有立即回复?电子邮件评?论。

2.A 36 years?-old Swiss? amate?ur parac?hutis?t made a succe?ssful? 650-metre? drop using? a repli?ca of a parac?hute desig?ned more than 500 years? ago by Leona?rdo da Vinci?."I came down ? smack? in the middl?e of the tarma?c at Payer?ne milit?ary airpo?rt," said Olivi?er Viett?i-Teppa?. "A perfe?ct jump." Viett?i-Teppa? is the first? perso?n to have made it safel?y to the groun?d with the Leona?rdo model?. In 2000, Brita?in's Adria?n Nicho?las tried? it but had to pull the ripco?rd on a moder?n backu?p parac?hute to compl?ete his desce?nt safel?y.

瑞士一名3?6岁的跳伞?爱好者成功?地从?的高空降落650?，而他用的降?落伞是50?0多年前的?莱昂纳多?达?芬奇设计的?降落伞的复?制品。“我降落了??手掌击在佩?也那军用机?场的停机坪?上，”奥利弗 维耶提—帕特说道，“完美的一跳?。” 维耶提—帕特是第一?个用达?芬奇设计的?这款降落伞?安全降落到?地面的人。在2000?年，英国的尼古?拉斯?阿德里安曾?尝试但不得?不打开备用?的现代伞而?完成安全降?落。

Viett?i-Teppa? jumpe?d from a hover?ing helic?opter? and the Leona?rdo parac?hute opene?d at 600 meter?s, he repor?ted. The parac?hute he used was made using? moder?n fabri?c along? lines? desig?ned by the Renai?ssanc?e geniu?s. The speci?ficat?ions were found? in a text datin?g from 1485. The parac?hute consi?sts of four equil?atera?l trian?gles, seven? meter?s on each side, made of parac?hute fabri?c, Viett?i-Teppa? expla?ined. The base of the pyram?id is a squar?e of mosqu?ito net, which? enabl?es the parac?hute to open. A woode?n frame? origi?nally? conce?ived by da Vinci? was not used on the model? in actio?n on Satur?day. One drawb?ack: it is impos?sible? to maneu?ver or steer? the Leona?rdo parac?hute. "You come down at the whim of the wind," said Viett?i-Teppa?, who carri?ed out advan?ce tests? using? a scale? dummy? model? launc?hed from a remot?e-contr?olled? model? helic?opter?.

维耶蒂-特帕说他从?一架盘旋的?直升机上跳?下在600?米处打开了?达芬奇降落?伞。降落伞是由?现代的材质?制造的但是?其设计来自?于文艺复兴?时期的天才?。其制作说明?来自于14?85年的一?份资料。维耶蒂-特帕解释说?:”这个降落伞?由4个边长?为7米的等?边三角形组?成，材质为降落?伞绸。”金字塔底部?是一块正方?形的蚊帐，它可以帮助?撑开降落伞?。周六所使用?的降落伞并?没有使用达?芬奇之前设?计的木质框?架。这种降落伞?的一个缺点?是你不可能?控制其方向?。维耶蒂-特帕说:“当你跳下来?后就只能随?风飘了。”他之前使用?遥控直升机?对比例模型?进行过试验?。

练习:

Prime? Minis?ter Gordo?n Brown? of Brita?in discl?osed Satur?day that an eye exami?natio?n showe?d two tears? in his right? retin?a—a revel?ation? that could? embol?den criti?cs who want him to step down befor?e a natio?nal elect?ion.

Downi?ng Stree?t moved? quick?ly to quash? specu?latio?n over Brown?'s healt?h, issui?ng the state?ment only one day after? a regul?ar exami?natio?n at a Londo?n eye hospi?tal. Brown?'s offic?e said his eyesi?ght remai?ned uncha?nged and that no opera?tions? were plann?ed to addre?ss the situa?tion.

"Were there? to be any chang?e, he would? of cours?e make a furth?er state?ment,” Brown?’s offic?e said in a state?ment.

Brown?, who lost the use of his left eye in a sport?ing accid?ent when he was a teena?ger and had surge?ry to save the sight? in the other? one, has been dogge?d by quest?ions about? his eyesi?ght in recen?t month?s.

Durin?g a visit? to the Unite?d State?s for the Group? of 20 summi?t, he was force?d to deny that he was slowl?y going? blind?.

NBC Night?ly News ancho?r Brian? Willi?ams had quest?ioned? Brown? over repor?ts that he was using? large?r and large?r text sizes? as his remai?ning visio?n decli?ned.

"I had all sorts? of opera?tions?,” Brown? said durin?g the Septe?mber inter?view.“ I then had one opera?tion on the other? eye and that was very succe?ssful?, so my sight? is not at all deter?iorat?ing,” he said.

The same month? he told the BBC that “it would? be a terri?ble, terri?ble indic?tment? of our polit?ical syste?m if you thoug?ht that becau?se someo?ne had this medic?al issue? they could?n’t do their? job.” The Septe?mber comme?nts came as forme?r Home Secre?tary Charl?es Clark?e told the Londo?n Eveni?ng Stand?ard newsp?aper that he hoped? rumor?s Brown? would? quit—perha?ps on healt?h groun?ds—would? come true.

Brown? must call a gener?al elect?ion by June 2010. Recen?t polls? overw?helmi?ngly sugge?st that the oppos?ition? Conse?rvati?ve Party? will win after? 13 years? out of power?.

Briti?sh prime? minis?ters rarel?y discl?ose detai?ls about? their? healt?h unles?s they need to take time off

work as in 2004, when Brown?’s prede?cesso?r Tony Blair? had a surgi?cal proce?dure to corre?ct an irreg?ular heart?beat.

Som Prasa?d, a consu?ltant? ophth?almol?ogist? at Arrow?e Park Hospi?tal in north?west Engla?nd, said

in Brita?in, and only occas?ional?ly cause? serio?us probl?ems. retin?al tears? affec?t 3% of peopl?e over 40

摘译:英国首相办?公室周六发?表声明说，首相戈登，布朗在接受?眼睛检查时?发现右眼视?网膜上有两?处裂缝，据悉，反对派可能?以此为由要?求布朗在大?选前提前下?台，但布朗办公?室说，这次视网膜?破裂不影响?布朗视力，目前也没有?动手术的打?算，布朗年轻时?参加体育活?动受伤，左眼失明，但通过手术?保住了右眼?视力。

全文翻译:

英国首相办?公室周六发?表声明说，首相戈登，布朗在接受?眼睛检查时?发现右眼视?网膜上有两?处裂缝，据悉，反对派可能?以此为由要?求布朗在大?选前提前下?台。

唐宁街迅速?平息有关布?朗的健康炒?作，仅在伦敦眼?科医院定期?检查的一天?后发布声明?。布朗办公室?说，这次视网膜?破裂不影响?布朗视力，目前也没有?动手术的打?算，布朗年轻时?参加体育活?动受伤，左眼失明，但通过手术?保住了右眼?视力。

布朗办公室?声明表示:“如有任何变?化，他当会做出?进一步的声?明。”

青少年时因?体育事故失?去左眼而动?手术保全另?一眼睛视力?的布朗近几?个月来被视?力问题所困?扰。

在访问美国?的20国集?团峰会期间?，他被迫否认?慢慢地失明?。

NBC晚间?新闻主播布?瑞恩威廉姆?斯提出质疑?，剩存视力下?降使得布朗?的报告使用?是大字体 布朗九月的?采访中说道?:“我做了多种?手术。”他说:“然后我还在?另一只眼睛?动了手术，手术非常成?功，所以我的视?力根本没有?恶化。

同月，布朗告诉英?国广播公司?，“如果你认为?有人因为这?样的医疗问?题而他们不?能做他们的?工作，这将是对政?治系统的可?怕的控诉。九月，伦敦标准晚?报刊登前内?政大臣查尔?斯克拉克的?意见，他希望关于?布朗可能因?健康背景而?将要退出的?谣言将成真?。

布朗必须在?2010六?月召开大选?。最近的民意?调查都显示?了反对党将?失去权利的?13年后赢?得大选。

除非他们需?要休息一段?时间，例如200?4，布朗的前任?托尼布莱尔?需要纠正心?律不齐外科?手术，否则英国首?相很少披露?有关他们自?己的健康细?节。

英国西北部?的Arro?we公园医?院眼科顾问?山姆?帕萨迪说，视网膜裂孔?影响3% 的40岁以?上的英国人?，偶尔会导致?严重的问题?。

uint7?【新闻】(不重要)

练习:

1,S Korea? set emiss?ions-cut targe?t.

2,Firm vie for bigge?r share? of car marke?t.

3,Spani?sh PM: Somal?i pirat?es free fishe?rmen.

4,China? recei?ves 94m overs?eas touri?sts in Jan-sept, down 3.45%. 5,US, Russi?an leade?rs say natio?ns close?r to deal to cut nucle?ar arms.

6,South? Afric?an runne?r Caste?r Semen?ya will be allow? to keep the gold medal? she won in the women?'s 800-meter?s at the World? Athle?tics Champ?ionsh?ips in Berli?n, Germa?ny, in Augus?t, the count?ry's sport?s minis?try annou?nced Thurs?days.

7,After? compl?ainin?g of feeli?ng badly? for days, Nicol?e Richi?e was hospi?taliz?ed for pneum?onia at Cedar?s-Sinai? Medic?al Cente?r in Los Angel?es and was "doing? well", her rep said Wedne?sday. 1，韩国制定目?标，减少尾气排?放。

2，汽车公司争?夺更大的市?场份额。

3，西班牙首相?说:索马里海盗?释放了渔民?。

4，中国前三季?度接待外国?游客9，400万人?，比去年同期?下降3.45%。

5，美俄领导人?说两国将达?成协议，减少核武器?。

6，周四，南非体育部?宣布，今年8月德?国柏林世界?田径锦标赛?女子800?米比赛中获?得金牌的南?非选手拉斯?特尔?赛门亚将继?续持有该项?目金牌。

7，周三，妮可?里奇的发言?人说，妮可里奇因?持续数日感?觉不适，诊断出患有?肺炎，被送往洛杉?矶西达斯-西奈医学中?心进行治疗?，据悉，其情况良好?并无大碍。

unit8?【科技】(没讲)

练习:

1.The heart? is about? the size of a fist, weigh?s about? 9-11 ounce?s and is place?d snugl?y betwe?en the lungs?, a littl?e more to the left than to the right?.

2. The succe?ssful? launc?hing of China?’s first? exper?iment?al commu?nicat?ion satel?lite, which? was prope?lled by a three?-stage? rocke?t and has been in opera?tion ever since?, indic?ates that our natio?n has enter?ed a new stage? in the devel?opmen?t of carri?er rocke?ts and elect?ronic?s. 3. Since? the joint? gap betwe?en a pisto?n and a cylin?der has great? influ?ence on the servi?ce life of an

engin?e, and the prima?ry facto?r influ?encin?g the joint? gap is the defor?matio?n of pisto?n under? worki?ng condi?tion, it is impor?tant to show up the actua?l defor?matio?n of pisto?n and for this

purpo?se the finit?e eleme?nt has been widel?y appli?ed to analy?ze it numer?icall?y in China?. 1. 心脏约有一?只拳头那么?大，重约9到1?1盎司，位于两肺之?间，略偏于左方?。 2. 中国已成功?发射了第一?颗试验卫星?。这颗卫星是?由三级火箭?推动的，一直运转正?常。它标志着我?国在发展运?载工具和电?子技术方面?进入了一个?新阶段。

3. 活塞与气缸?的配合间隙?，对于电动机?的使用寿命?有很大影响?，影响配合间?隙的主要因?素是活塞在?工作状态下?的变形。真实反映活?塞变形情况?非常重要，国内已广泛?采用有限元?法进行数据?分析。

unit9?【商务】(没讲)

练习:

1.In case the buyer? fail to carry? out any of the terms? or condi?tions? to this Contr?act with the Selle?r, the Selle?r shall? have the right? to termi?nate all or any part of this Contr?act with the Buyer? or postp?one shipm?ent or stop any goods? in trans?it and the Buyer? shall? in every? such case be liabl?e to the Selle?r for all losse?s, damag?es and expen?ses there?by incur?red.

倘若买方未?能履行与卖?方所订合同?的任何条款?，卖方有权中?止与买方的?全部或部分?合同，或延期交货?，或截留运输?中货物。在任何一种?情况下，买方必须负?责赔偿卖方?由此发生的?损失、损坏或相应?的费用。

2.The Contr?actor? shall? notif?y the insur?ers of chang?es in the natur?e, exten?t or progr?am for the execu?tion of the Works? and ensur?e the adequ?acy of the insur?ance at all times? in accor?dance? with the terms? of the Contr?act and shall?, when requi?red, produ?ce to the Emplo?yer the insur?ance polic?ies in force? and recei?pts for payme?nt of the curre?nt premi?ums.

承包人应该?把工程施工?的性质、范围或计划?进度方面的?变化情况通?知承保人，并保证按合?同条款在整?个期间内有?完备的保险?，并在需要时?，向业主出示?生效保险单?及本期保险?费的支付收?据。

unit1?0【广告】(不重要)

1. Start? ahead?. ( 飘柔)

2. Every? time a good time. ( 麦当劳)

3. Every?one’s invit?ed. ( 三星数码)

4. The world?’s local? bank. ( 汇丰银行)

5. Time is what you make of it.(斯沃奇手表?)

1.成功之路，从头开始。

2.更多欢笑，更多快乐，就在麦当劳?。

3.三星数字世?界欢迎你。

4.环球理财，当地智慧。

5.天长地久。

范文四：武汉理工大学研究生英语下课后题整理

选词填空

Unit 6

1. It is that these buildings remain empty while thousands of people have no homes. 粗暴的；可恶的；离谱的

2. My brother was from school for bad behavior. 驱逐；除名；开除

3. Severe iron deficiency can cause developmental delay and growth 阻滞，延迟

4. A goal just before half-time rescued the match from . 平庸之材

5. She has campaigned for her husband?s release from prison.无情的；残酷的；持续地

6. There was a short between the political party leaders when government announced it was to raise taxes. 小争议

7. Our football coach .has worked hard to a team spirit in/into the players教育，教授，反覆灌输

8. There was a hint of 自鸣得意的；自以为是的；

9. They'll quite happily a whole year?s saving on two weeks in the sun.浪费，挥霍；

10. Our landlord 过分增加；

Unit 7

11. Was he really a 坏人，恶棍

12. 关于

13. 日蚀，月蚀

14. Some praise him, whereas others 谴责

15. I?ve seen such desire of success before in people who held power.巨大的

16. These are times for many foreign businesses in China.奸诈的，不牢靠的

17. He who knows only how to a pan usually feels quite helpless in the face of practical problems.使用

18. The author tried to the splendor of the sunset.描述，描画

19. They may be able to between parties with different interests.调解，调停

20. Revisionism is already offering views of his achievements.二者择一，供选择的

Unit8

21. A custodian or trustee is appointed to the debtor?s property to protect it from loss.监督

22. U.S. auto sales are down about 40% from their peak, forcing automakers to idle plants and 休假

23. We are asking consumers to 联合抵制

24. An oil refinery caught fire and residents near a nuclear reactor were forced to 疏散

25. The civil rights leader focuses on overt discrimination rather than 阴险

26. 紧紧跟随

27. When he was drunk ,professor Dou脱口而出

28. If a forest fire cannot be extinguished, devastation is sure to 29. The conversations were designed to her authority so she felt that she could no longer work for the company.破坏

30. They wanted to turn the estate into a private golf course and offered $20 million, but the deal. 未能实现 Unit9

1. My grandmother never told my mother the truth about my grandfather .We?ve been 活在谎言中

2. The vast expansion in high education is 施加压力

3. He is likely to be for Friday?s match against Australia.打电话给，召集

4. He the possibility of establishing direct diplomatic relation in the future.设想，面对

5. These dangers smokers ,but to non-smokers as well.不局限于

6. 保持同步，并驾齐驱

7. The media 扭曲

8. The bill was through the Senate.使迷惑，引起兴趣

9. He has been asked to 对作出解释

10. A man who goes from door to door selling things shall to be if he wants to succeed.好斗的，雄心的 Unit 10

11. Bill was among the first to gain 进入

12. Urban planners in practice have to many interest groups in society.考虑到

13. The situation in eastern Europe has changed

14. Then she remembered that they had no mind in any real 感觉

15. He his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary program利用

16. When drivers ,they make lights flash on one side of their vehicle to show that they are going to turn in that direction.指出

17. Your 食指

18. The author tells of a remarkable with a group of south Vietnamese soldiers.遭遇

19. I?ll show it to Benjamin. He know.一定

20. These figures are on the basis of dentists? receipts for 1991-1992. 得出结论

21. The situation brings home to us the need for 激烈的

22. So the question is: how can Nietzsche say yes to life not just out also in every individual but also go on to say no.总计

23. Democracy might 提高

24. She?s always comparing me to other people, and somehow I never

25. He was a showman, an extrovert who reveled in

26. This 方案

27. Without microscopes and other modern equipment, attempts to teach science were

28. A second major protective function of the skin is the prevention of bacterial infection.侵略性

29. Yet it is those vulnerabilities that make him to the audience because they make him more like us.可得到的

30. On that day, no matter where we came from, what god we prayed to,or what race or we were ,we were united as one American family.种族划分

31. The actress is asking the court to protect her from an 迷恋

32. The minister took up the theme and discoursed mellifluously on the of empires .潮涨潮落

33. A lawyer should represent a client within the bounds of the law.热心的

34. Health education that focuses on diet and exercise but does not 玷污

35. Never pour the plaster down the drain as it may the pipes.堵塞

36. He was knocked unconscious by a police baton, but in the confusion of a protest, and without video evidence, the exact circumstances of his death could not be proved.据说

37. He is seen as having made a significant contribution towards the of corruption.根除

38. They are less about the company?s long-term prospects.乐观

39. High risk is 普遍的

40. He and his wife would be compelled to live 永恒的

单选

Unit6

1. The labor union and the company?s management ,despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue .have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly , albeit still tentative ,agreement on next year?s contract.快速的

2. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that facts.物质的..遥远的/微小的

3. the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.表达。。。模仿，影响，喜欢

4. As is often the case with collections of lectures by authors, the book as a whole is , although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.不同的…不连贯的，无系统的;

5. The essence of belief is the establishment of ; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise. 实践；练习；

6. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the methodology into question. 挑衅性的，挑战性的….盛行的，流行的；

7. As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the （i） character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with 有疑问的；不确定的……不安;担忧

8. The with which the French aristocracy greeted the middle-class Rousseau was all the more because he showed so little respect for them.敬重……卓越的

9. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such 有分歧的；

10. Hydrogen is the element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.基础的

Unit7

11. Steve Jobs had been 冲突，相反

12. An entrepreneur is more than just a risk taker .He is a 幻想的，有先见之明

13. The Prime Minister?s fragile government was on the 边缘

14. She loved to ride ;on horseback ,she was and utterly without fear.(鲁莽的

15. Writes of history books often attempt to the past with the present.( )整合

16. A language teacher should students into the elements of grammar.(发起

17. Signature must that in your policy record.()一致

18. Cultivating and training college students -resistance should be an important part in quality education.(挫折

19. If you can?t 炫耀

20. As far as quality is concerned ,we must not make do with what we have,but must constantly excellence.( 奋斗

Unit8

21. On no account should they examination as the only means of stimulating pupils to pursue knowledge.估计，认为

22. We and keeps us safe.支持

23. His 广阔的

24. But why did they him to carry on his practice of challenging the law and the authority of the law for as long as they did?允许

25. The court ruled that John was 为。。。辩护

26. Parliament has passed an act forbidding the of animals for pleasure.屠杀

27. Food are necessary for keeping down the price of dairy products and bread.补贴

28. The government has that it will take any steps to maintain law and order in our country.使放心

29. Hooker didn?t all the money which his father left him on flashy cars or other vices.挥霍

30. Above all Susie id a great survivor in the car crash, with a bright, 不屈不挠的

Unit9

31. During that unexpected rendezvous ,I felt more in with rhythms of life on this vast planet than I ever have.与一致

32. If you have high blood pressure or signs of heart, eye, nerve or kidney disease---or other diabetes complications that may be aggravated by pregnancy---you may need treatment before 怀孕

33. The problem with these findings is that they are at with what we see on our TV screens and magazine covers.敌对

34. Last year, mortgage rates in Hong Kong dipped below 1%,adding fuel to the home-price .飙升

35. “If there is an evil on earth which we are facing nowadays as nations and as peoples and individuals, then together with drug trafficking and trade,it is human trafficking, ”he said.非法贸易

36. Otherwise,the medicines could lose their 效益

37. All these factors appear to on a common conclusion :something weird is going on inside the sun ,and theorists are currently at a loss to explain the phenomenon.聚集

38. The goal is to allow passengers to converse in a normal speaking voice between front and rows while traveling ,a small and important factor in a pleasant driving experience.在前后

39. Less certain is whether the country can afford to keep building at this pace ,and whether many of these projects will 付清

40. To 开除

41. Now where, once the great pole had been gathered and () ,to put it all?聚集，收集

42. The Sunnyside back garden, it turned out ,was large enough to ) one of the large models.供应，容纳

43. They had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the 平凡的

44. Take special note of passages which show or imply that a word is either new and ).试验性的

45. One has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how (they were used to.谨慎的

46. Murray and his tiny band of workers were kept furiously busy day after day.筛选

47. And all the words used in the definition must appear elsewhere in the dictionary, so that any reader?s puzzlement can be ) by his simply looking those up as well.改正的

48. In his definition of the word elephant, for example, he writes of the animal?s (羞怯

49. () of all kinds are asked and answered in an instant.问题

50. ?The circle of the English language has a well-defined center ,? James Murray wrote in his famous Introduction, ?but no ) circumference.?可辨别的

翻译

Unit6

1. Certainly many neurotic boomer parents --- and their stressed-out，resume-building teenagers --- assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State U.

当然很多出生期高峰的父母----和他们过度紧张，忙着增加阅历的青少年孩子们----想当然的认为，选择哈佛永远比选州立大学好。

2. It’s true that big law firms, major teaching hospital, and investment banks--heck, even the offices of FORTUNE--are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It’s also true that if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment—Sullivan & Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs--a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.

事实上，大型法律公司，主要是教医院和投资银行，甚至是财富杂志的办公室，满是常春藤学生。同样真实的是，如果你想要在下面这些美国企业（苏利文.克伦威尔律师事务所，麦肯锡，高盛投行）谋取一份职业的话，一个带金边的毕业证书将会使你处于有地位。

3. The advantages of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky, an education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a prestigious undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it in this way: ”It’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-priced, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring. But you have to grab it.”

换句话说，哈佛的优势在于不会给偷懒者带来太多的好处。罗伯特泽姆斯基，一位宾州大学的教育学教授，相信获得名牌大学的学士学位确实能胜利，他这样解释到："它就像旋转木马上的铜环。如果你去学费昂贵，对学生精挑细选的名牌大学只是增加了击中铜环的机会。但更重要的是你还要能抓住它。

4. So listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at the University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahoma when you grow up, you're probably better off graduating a Sooner.

因此留神听，中学高年级学生：即使你是从俄克拉何马大学毕业的，你的前途也不会就此终结。实际上，如果你想要在你长大后成为俄克拉何马州州长，那么抢先从俄客拉何马毕业，可能会使你成功的机会更大。

5. Most studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing its value.

大多数研究使用将来的收入，这是那些死亡的灵魂即所谓的经济学家最爱的标准。但是知道所购买的东西的成本收益率不等于知道它的价值。

Unit7

6. Part of this came from his unique view of risk and return,which defied the short-term outlook of his investors. 这部分来自他独特的风险和回报的观点,否定了他的投资者的短期前景。

7. Disney’s persona combined nostalgia for small-town American values with faith in the potential of modern science and technology to transform our lives.

迪斯尼的角色结合了美国小镇怀旧情结价值观以及对现代科技改变我们生活的潜力的信仰。

8. The success of the film helped Disney promote the discipline of building a high performance business culture that would contribute to his company’s future triumphs.

电影的成功帮助迪斯尼发扬建设高端企业文化的原则，而且这有助于他的公司未来的成功。

9. Only through the talent,labor and the dedication of his staff could any Disney project get off the ground. 正因为全体员工的才能、劳动以及奉献才可以让任何迪斯尼项目得以实施。

10. “He knew that for intuition to mean anything it had to be implemented,and that this demanded a combination of stringent analysis and sheer hard work,backed up by the practical talents of the artists with whom he surrounded himself.”

“他知道要让直觉变得有意义就必须让它得以实施,这要求严密的分析和实在的工作,也需要他身边充满才华的艺术家的支持。”

11. If conservationists hope to save even the wild lands and wild creatures,they are going to have to address issues of economy,which is to say issues of the health of the landscapes and the towns and cities where we do our work ,and the quality of that work ,and the well-being of the people who do the work.

如果生态环境保护者们希望能挽救的即使是荒地和野生动物，他们也将不得不解决经济方面的问题，即我们工作所在的乡村、城镇、城市的健康问题，以及这项工作的质量和做这项工作的人们的福祉。

12. We know that soil erosion,air and water pollution ,urban sprawl ,the proliferation of highways and garbage are making our lives always less pleasant ,lesshealthful,less sustainable,and our dwelling places more ugly.

我们知道水土流失空气及水污染，城市蔓生，以及乡路和垃圾的剧增，常常使得自己的生活更加不如意，不健康，不可忍受，住所更加丑陋不堪。

13. Such damage is justified by its corporate perpetrators and their political abettors in the name of the “free market”and “free enterprise”,but this is a freedom that makers greed the dominant economic virtue,and it destroys the freedom oe other people alon g with their communities and livelihoods.

这种损害是企业肇事者及政治教唆者们以“自由市场”和“自由企业”的名义来得以辩护的。但是这种自由是以贪婪为主导的经济美德。他会破坏他人的自由，以及他们的社团和生活。

14. As a result,our once-beautiful and bountiful countryside has long been a colony of the coal,timber,and agribusiness corporations,yielding an immense wealth of energy and raw materials at an immense cost to our land and our land’s people.

其结果就是，我们曾经美丽而富饶的乡村长期以来都是作为煤炭、木材、农业产业的殖民地。

15. Furthermore,to permit the smaller enterprises always to be ruined by false advantages ,either at home or in the global economy,is ultimately to destroy local,regional,and even national capabilities of producing vital supplies such as food and textiles.

此外，无论在国内还是在全球的经济范围内，让小型企业在这些人为的优势之下破产，最终将会破坏地方、区域甚至是国家生产重要供应品的能力，比如食品和纺织品。

16. The main reasons for this trend are the dramatic advances in medical diagnosis and treatment as well as the changing American lifestyle,with its new emphasis on healthier diets and regular exercise an its declining dependence on tobacco.

这种趋势的主要原因是医疗诊断和治疗的巨大进步以及美国人生活方式的逐步改变,其更强调健康饮食和定期锻炼来减少对烟草的依赖。

17. Every country with reliable health statistics reports that women live longer than men;the observation is at least as old as health statistic themselves,because women outlived men by nearly three years when such data were first recorded in Europe more than 200 years ago.

每个国家的可靠健康统计报告显示,女人比男人活得更长;观察时间至少与卫生统计本身一样久远,因为200多年前在欧洲首次记录这些数据时女性就比男性多活了近三年。

18. The importance of fetal hormones in determining sex characteristics is obvious,but their role in influencing longevity is far from clear.

胎儿激素决定性别特征的重要性是显而易见的,但他们在寿命长短方面的影响还远不清楚。

19. The differences in estrogen and testosterone levels between men and women is the simplest way to account for the gender gap,although it does not fully explain the variance in life expectancies.

雌激素和睾丸激素水平的差异是男人和女人之间解释性别差距最简单的方式,然而它并不能完全解释预期寿命的不一致。

20. A walk down the health aisle of your local bookstore tells the tale:books on women’s health greatly outnumber books on men’s health,because publishers respond to consumer demand.

去当地书店健康专栏走一遍就能看得出来:女性健康书籍大大超过男性健康书籍,因为出版商迎合消费者的需求。

21. There were said to be something like two million of these slips already collected,tiied together in rough order,no doubt covered in dust and lint,curled and yellow,and perhaps even crumbling themselves with age and desrepitude. 据说这些纸条已经搜集了两百万条，粗略分类后捆在一起，不用说已经布满了灰尘、有的纸条已经泛黄，有的因年代久远而破碎。

22. One problem was that readers had never bothered to consider with much enthusiasm what might be called the ordinary words of the language they had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words,but not for the prosaic ones.

问题之一是志愿者对于所谓“普遍词语”的热情关注向来就不高，他们总是受到某些诱惑力的吸引，寄来一些令人感兴趣的词汇的引语，而不是日常词汇的引语。

23. Take special note of passages which show or imply that a word is either new and tentative,or needing explanation as obsolete and archaic,and which thus help to fix the date of its introduction or disuse.

有些段落要特别注意，它能显示一个词刚开始试用，或由于古老、过时而需要解释，这样的段落有助于确定那个词被引进或停止使用的时间。

24. One has to assume,if unkindly,that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so wildly different in its constitution from those they were used to.

人们不禁会不太友善的猜测，这是由于坚持规定性语言学观点的权威学者的影响。在这些地方的人们也许限于原来的习惯，对于为编写完全不同的词典进行文献阅读该如何审慎小心，抱有一定的犹疑态度。

25. The sub-editors who did all these checking would pin together the slips that fed into each category of meaning and attach with the same pin a piece of paper that showed a first attempt at a definition of what the slips’quotations appeared to show the word to mean.

助理编辑把所有的核对做完后，用一根别针把属于同一类词义的纸条别在一起，并且根据引语所显示的词义，尝试写出定义的初稿，把初稿定义的纸条也别在这一小捆纸条上。

26. The government’s sudden decision to ask for a halt to breast-enlargement operations because they might be unsafe has terrified 2 milliom women who have had them.

政府突然决定要停止施行丰胸手术，理由是这种手术可能不够安全。这一决定使得二百万接受过这一手术的妇女感到惶恐。

27. Until recently the most remarkable thing about cosmetic suigery in America, was how unremarkable it was. 在美国美容业当前最引人瞩目的事是它过去多么的为人们所忽视。

28. New rules may discipline the industry, but they are unlikely to stop it growing unless the American obsession with physical beauty sours.

新的规定可能会对这一行业有所约束，但不大可能阻止它的发展，除非美国人不再迷恋于体形美。

29. When pushed to defend their trade, cosmetic surgeons argue that “vanity surgery” is often just an extension of reconstructive surgery.

迫于舆论压力，整容医生也不得不为自己的行业辩护。他们争辩说，被称为“整容外科”的美容术常常只不过是再造外科手术的一种延续而已。

30. Critics say this is surrendering their identities to the white stereotypes that appear on the media. Surgeons say that point is more subtle: minorities wants to de-emphasize rather than eradicate their looks.

评论家指出，这是放弃他们自身的特征而趋附于宣传媒介中出现的那些白人的形象。整容医生说事情还有更加微妙指出，其实少数民族只想别太突出他们的外表而并非要根除他们的容貌特征。

范文五：dayin当代研究生英语下课后close完型中英对照翻译答案

UNIT 1 seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain,

There are two factors which determine an and mental illness. They have a great capacity to individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being improve the qualities of memory and learning already in

more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the and more efficient brain.

second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort 最近对人类大脑的研究报告中有一些有趣的发

of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual 现:科学家认为一种改善大脑功能的方法可能很快成

is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain 为可能。

will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of 科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。大脑中

intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of 含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心

environment in determining an individual's intelligence 理活动的各个方面。有些可能会改变或改善，例如，

can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical 创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。

twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months 在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。近年来科

old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate 学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和大脑活动的其它化学

foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low 物质。目前约25种已被发现。

intelligence in an isolated community with poor 今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用

educational opportunities. John, however, was educated 引起了人们很大的兴趣。研究似乎表明，它们可能有

in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. 助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。它们有一个巨大的

This environmental difference continued until the twins 能力来刺激大脑克服不足。它们还提高记忆和大脑中

were in their late teens, when they were given tests to 应经存在的学习质量。他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。

measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, 将来有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更

twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty 好、更有效率的大脑。

points higher than his identical brother. Unit 3

有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他出生时By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i带的大脑排序。人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有n various representative tissue samples from infected peop的有比别人多的能力。但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，le, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire bod

个人将有低下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。因此第y, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fe二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。如果一个wer, is

人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，infected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct 他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。同卵双胞胎彼cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers th得和约翰的经历可以说明环境对于一个人智力发展的at leads to AIDS.

重要性。当这对双胞胎三个月大，他们的父母去世了，通过测试被感染者具有代表性的组织样本中HIV

他们分别被安置在不同的寄养家庭。彼得被寄养在一的遗传材料，从这些样本推算整个身体，哈泽估计，

个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。最多1 ,2500，或许更少，感染了HIV。这对于直接

然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教杀死细胞引起细胞大量消亡而导致艾滋病是远远不够

育。这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测的。

试他们的智力时。约翰的是，高于普通人二十Haase says that his own work now shows that large nI.Q.125

五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。 umbers of CD4 cell are becoming trapped in lymph tissue

UNIT 2 , and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of

new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in

he also some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way

to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 c

Scientists have discovered that the brain can make ells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide,orits own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of reswhich can act directly on the brain to change aspects of earch throughout the 1990s .

mental activity. Some may change or improve, for 哈泽说自己现在的工作表明，大量的CD4细胞被

example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good 困在淋巴组织，而且他认为，艾滋病病毒会破坏新细

胞的产生。研究人员普遍认为，艾滋病毒可以通过触memory.

发细胞自毁或消亡，导致未受感染的CD4细胞减少。 Chemicals found in the brain carry messages. In

recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect 在20世纪90年代这一过程曾是一个研究课题。

mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that H

IV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activati25 have been found so far.

on, Today the role of chemicals and protein substance

in human behaviour is creating much interest. Research and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,b

y stopping the production of new cells, by triggering human economic activity—village markets, urban

abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small industries, or financial centers.

but significant number of cells directly. Their combined iMarkets promote efficiency through competition

mpact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cand the division of labor—the specialization that allows ope with opportunistic infections. people and economies to focus on what they do best.

总之，这些研究结果清楚地表明，艾滋病病毒使Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap 免疫系统处于激活状态，不平衡的方式有四种:通过into more and larger markets around the world. It means 捕获成熟细胞，停止生产新的细胞，通过触发异常的that they can have access to more capital flows,

高细胞凋亡率，直接杀死小但是数量大的细胞。他们technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. 共同影响使免疫系统衰亡，无法应对感染。 But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of

How will any of this affect treatments? Would better increased efficiency are shared by all. Countries must be

knowledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the imprepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case

mune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadening tof the poorest countries may need the support of the

international community as they do so. he depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer , at least, t

什么是全hinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system wi

球化,ll be needed.

经济全球化是一个历史过程，是人类创新和技术如何处理这些影响,最好的方式，利用病毒干扰 “”

进步的结果。它指的是世界各地的经济日益一体化，免疫系统的理论，使研究人员能够对其重建，拓宽CD4

特别是通过贸易和资金流动。这个术语有时也指人(劳细胞消亡的部分,Roederer，认为至少需要药物直接影

动力)和知识(技术)跨越国际边界的运动。也有更响免疫系统。

广泛的文化，政治和环境的全球化，这里没有涉及到Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of Cali

的范围。fornia , San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment

关于全球化，其最基本的，没有什么神秘的了。with cocktails of antiviral drugs might even fool the imm

这个术语从世纪年代就已成为常见的用法，它une system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV s2080

反映了使国际交易双方的贸易和资金流动更容易和更o low in the body that they fail to trigger any immune res

快地完成的技术的进步。它指的是超越国界同一市场ponses at all. This might make individuals who stop takin

力量、在人类经济活动的乡村市场，城市工业和金融g the drugs even more vulnerable. He argues that immune

中心的各级经营的几个世纪的延伸。-restoring treatments should be given alongside antiviral d

市场通过竞争和劳动分工允许人民和经济集rugs. Already, some researchers are working on novel app ——

中在他们所做的最好的的专业化，来促进效率。全球roaches such as developing genetically engineered T cell t

市场为人们提供更多的机会来开发世界各地的更多，o replace lose CD4 cells. 其他人走得更远，旧金山

更大的市场。这意味着他们可以有机会获得更多的资加利福尼亚大学Jay Levy担心，持续很久的抗病毒药

本流动，技术，廉价进口和更大的出口市场。但市场物鸡尾酒疗法，甚至欺骗免疫系统 “让它休息”，使

并不一定确保所有共享的、提高效率的好处。国家必体内保持艾滋病毒很少的状态，他们没有引发任何免

须准备接受必要的政策，以及最贫穷国家可能需要国疫反应。这可能会使人停止服药而更容易受到攻击。

际社会支持的情况，就像他们做的如此。他认为，免疫恢复治疗应与抗病毒药物一起进行。目

前，一些研究人员正在研究新的方法，如开发基因TUNIT 5 Spinal Cords 细胞来取代失去的CD4细胞。 Agricultural and public-health experts in Britain find

many other serious flaws in the government's handling of

UNIT 4 What is globalization? the mad-cow epidemic. Officials waited 18 months after

Economic "globalization" is a historical process, the discovering the first cases of BSE to declare it a result of human innovation and technological progress. It "notifiable" disease, requiring that all cases be reported to refers to the increasing integration of economies around the authorities. They waited nearly three years to forbid

the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. use of cattle brains and spinal cords in food for humans.

The term sometimes also refers to the movement of The government offered to compensate farmers for any

people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across suspected BSE cases they destroyed -- but at far less than international borders. There are also broader cultural, the animal's normal value, a rate that discouraged

political and environmental dimensions of globalization farmers from reporting the disease in their herds, that are not covered here. according to critics. "It could all have been over in a

At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about month," says Millstone. "It might have cost a few million globalization. The term has come into common usage pounds. But that's a fraction of what it's going to cost since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that now."

have make it easier and quicker to complete international Currie argues that the government likewise

transactions—both trade and financial flows. It refers to fumbled when it disclosed the possible link between CJD an extension beyond national borders of the same market and mad-cow disease. "If you are going to announce a

forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of health scare," she says, "you have to announce at the same

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钟的压力有时让美国人难以放松，什么也不做。节省time what you are going to do about it." The government

时间和更有效地处理工作的愿望，经常导致美国人购has yet to announce any preventive measures beyond a

买多种机器。从家用电器到办公室设备，比如计算器，few tightened restrictions, such as the ban on mammalian

复印机和电脑。一个这样的机器是录像机()，meat in cattle feed. Currie herself knows all too well how VCR

为美国人提供了一种对时间新的控制。棒球球迷不用easy it is to start a public health panic; she left her post as

因为一个家庭生日派对而错过电视上周日下午的比health minister after helping touch off a scare in the

赛。他们简单地把它录下来。然后对他们来说，周日winter of 1988-89 over the safety of British eggs and

下午的比赛周日晚上发生。other farm products.

脊髓 UNIT 7

英国的农业和公共卫生专家发现许多其他政府处 Intellectual property regimes coupled with trade 理疯牛症疫情的严重缺陷。官员在发现第一例疯牛病regulations have serious implications for third world 后用了个月来宣称它是一种需要向官方汇报的疾18“”economies. Agricultural research has developed much

病:要求所有事例都向当局报告。他们等待了近三年faster on plants than animals. And there is insufficient

来禁止牛脑和脊髓在人类食品中使用。政府为农民提reason to expect that if species patents on plants are 供补偿，因为他们销毁了任何疑似疯牛病病例，但根upheld, the practice of granting such patents will be

据评论家所称，补偿远少于动物的正常价值，劝阻农restricted to them. It seems from developments so far that 民报告自家牛群疾病的费用。这可能在一个月内“” the blitzkrieg is inching its way to higher life forms.

说:这可能要花费数百万英镑，但这是现在 Protection and enforcement strategies for plant-based Millstone“

要花费的一部分。technology are implemented through four different forms ”

柯里认为，政府在披露克雅氏病和疯牛病之间可 of intellectual property: utility plants, plant patents, plant 能存在的联系时同样是在摸索。如果你要宣布一个 “variety protection certificates and trade secrets. Since

健康恐慌，她说，你需要同时宣布你要做些什么。”“patenting provides a broader range of protection and costs ”

政府还没有宣布任何超出了一些限制的预防措施，比less, this has potential to be preferred means of 如禁止在牛饲料中放哺乳动物的肉。柯里自己太清楚protecting plant-based inventions by private companies 地知道它是多么容易造成公共健康的恐慌;在帮助掀in the US. New utility patents form more aggressive 起了至年冬季对英国的鸡蛋和其他农产品property rights than ever existed in biological material 19881989

的安全性恐慌后，她辞去了她卫生部长的职位。 before.

UNIT 6 Utility patents can establish property right in broad

Almost every American wears a watch, and, in classes of organisms in radically different species as long

nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. as the organisms have the same traits and functional "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." properties. The Harvard oncomouse patent is actually an

"Time waits for no one." All of these familiar sayings onco mammal patent. Harvard thus owns any mammal reflect the American obsession with promptness and with any recombinant cancer causing gene, (and there are efficiency. Students and employees disappoint their about forty of them known) inserted into any mammal or teacher and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to its ancestors at an embryonic stage. This allows get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, biotechnicians to patent organisms they have never making Americans impatient when they have to wait. actually produced.

The pressure to make every moment count sometimes Broadly worded patent rights (as in the case of cotton makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing. or soybean), or the taking out of a large number of patents The desire to save time and handle work more efficiently effectively suppress competition through the threat of often leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. infringement suits. On a global scale this allows patent These range from household appliances to equipment for holders to exert control on the production of a variety of the office, such as calculators, photocopy machines, and agricultural commodities leading to unprecedented computers. One such machine is video cassette recorder competitive advantage. The enormity of this possibility (VCR), which gives Americans a new kind of control has led to "biocolonial" concerns in the developing

over time. Baseball fans don't have to miss the Sunday world.

afternoon game on TV because of a family birthday party. Utility patents also prohibit farmers from the

They simply videotape it. Then, for them, the Sunday common practice of saving and using seeds from previous afternoon game occurs on Sunday evening. crops or from breeding animals, as well as restricting

几乎每一个美国人都戴手表，并且在几乎每一个research exemptions. This could create a barrier to 美国家庭的房里间都有一个钟表。准时，不要浪费further innovation. Most nations have in place a research “”“

时间，时间不等人。所有这些耳熟能详的谚语反映”“”exemption analogous to the fair use doctrine in copyright 的是美国人对守时和效率的痴迷。学生和员工在他们law.

的老师和老板迟到时会对他们感到失望。这种想最大知识产权与贸易制度对第三世界经济造成严重影

限度利用每一分钟的渴望往往会影响他们的行为，使响。关于植物的农业研究发展的比动物要快得多。并

美国人当他们不得不等待时不耐烦。想要利用每一分且没有足够的理由期待，如果支持物种专利植物，对

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于他们批准专利的习惯将被限制。似乎从发展到目前Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, 为止，闪击战在通向更高的生命形式的路上缓慢前行。 it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as

对以植物为基础的技术的保护和执法战略通过四well as strengths. For example, most people would like to

种不同形式的知识产权:实用植物，植物专利，植物be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to

新品种保护证书和商业秘密来实施。由于专利提供了label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in 一个更广泛的保护并且成本低，这有可能成为在美国some areas. People's expectations of themselves must be 的私人公司保护以植物为基础的发明的首选方法。实realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of 用新型专利比之前存在于生物材料的任何形式具有更inadequacy

激进的产权。 Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual.

只要生物具有相同的特征和功能特性，实用专利就We are interested in our own personal ways. The better

可以在完全不同的物种广泛的生物上建立产权。哈佛we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up 肿瘤鼠的专利实际上是一个肿瘤哺乳动物专利。哈佛to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to block our

大学因此拥有带有任何重组致癌基因的任何哺乳动物chances for a rich and fulfilling life. (其中约四十种已知)插入到任何哺乳动物它或处于害羞是许多人不快乐的原因。害羞的人是焦虑和

胚胎阶段的祖先。这允许生物技术人员他们申请从来自我意识的，也就是说，他们过分关注自己的外表和

没有实际制造的生物的专利。 行动。令人担忧的思想也在不断萦绕在他们的脑海中，

措辞广泛的专利权(例如棉花或大豆)，或其中拿我给人什么样的印象,他们喜欢我吗,我听起来很蠢

出来的大量专利通过侵权诉讼的威胁有效地抑制竞吗,我穿的衣服难看吗,

争。在全球范围内，这允许专利持有人对导致了前所很明显，这种不舒适的感觉必然给人们带来了不

未有的竞争优势的各种农产品生产施加控制。这种巨利的影响。一个人的自我概念是反映在他或她的行为

大的可能性已经导致了发展中世界对“biocolonial”的关方式上，以及一个人的行为影响其他人的反应。一般

注。 情况下，人们认识自己的方式对他们生活的所有领域

实用新型专利也禁止农民保存和使用从以前作物有深远影响。

的种子或动物繁育的种子的普遍做法，以及限制研究害羞的人，自尊低，他们可能很被动，容易受他

豁免。这可能对进一步创新造成的障碍。类似于在版人的影响。他们需要确保他们所做的是“正确的事情”。

权法中对公平使用原则的豁免，大多数国家的研究豁害羞的人对批评非常敏感，他们觉得这证实了他们低

免已经到位。 人一等。

Unit 8 他们还发现很难因为被恭维而感到高兴，因为他

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great 们相信他们是不值得赞美的。一个害羞的人可能对句

many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; 恭维做出这样的声明;:“你这样说只是为了让我感觉很

that is, they are excessively concerned with their own 好。我知道这不是真的。” 很明显，尽管自我意识是

appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are 一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是有害的。

constantly occurring in their minds; What kind of 害羞能完全消除或至少减少吗,幸运的是，人们

impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound 可以通过坚决而又耐心地努力建立自信来克服害羞。

stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? 由于害羞与缺乏自尊密切相关，所以人们接受自己的

It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must 弱点和优势是十分重要的。例如，大多数人在每一个

affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is 科目中都想成为的“A”类的学生。他们标榜自己低人一

reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a 等是不公平的，因为他们在某些方面有困难。人们对

person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, 他们的期望一定要切合实际。生活在不可能导致不适

the way people think about themselves has a profound 感。

effect on all areas of their lives. 我们每个人都是一个独特的，有价值的个体。我

Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be 们对我们个人的方式感兴趣。我们越是更好地了解自

passive and easily influenced by others. They need 己，就越容易不辜负我们的全部潜力。不要让羞怯妨

reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy 碍我们追求丰富和满足生活的机会。

people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it

confirms their inferiority.

They also find it difficult to be pleased by

compliments because they believe they are unworthy of

praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one; "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is

harmful.

Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least

reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with

determined and patient effort in building self-confidence.

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