孤鑫为己流泪
范文一：英语国际标准音标
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/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/
/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/
/f/face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/
/v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/
/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡 ) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸 )
thought/θ?:t/ author/′?θ?/ truth/tru:θ/
/e/the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m ?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/
/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st?ps/ /z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?i z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/
/t ?/ catch/k?t ?/ cheep/t ?i:p/ rich/rit ?/ watch/w?t ?/ child/t ?aild/ question/kwest ??n/ teach/ti:t ?/ challenge/t ??lind ?/
/d ?/orange/′ ?ri d ?/ large/la:d ?/ juice/d ?u:s/ job/d ??b/
/tr/tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/tr?bl/ track/tr?k/
/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h ?ndrid/
/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/
/?/pleas ure/′ple ??/ measure/′me ??/ television/′telivi ??n/
/ts/let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/
/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/
/l/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/
/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/
/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ probl em/′pr ?bl ?m/
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范文二：英语国际标准音标
英语语音语国
语于语音的念几个概:
表示美语语音;语称AHD,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
,音语是一套用于语注美式语音的符系语号语是一套最常用的也是最语威的注音法～ 此从AHDKK,
人语把美语语准语音语语称音语。 KK
是根据英者国学语的英语语音字典 DJDaniel Jones(English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)
中的语音而来.
英式语音根据的是《英语正音典》。语代表了被语辞它称 English Pronouncing Dictionary “;,;语准语音,的语音～语在受语育的英人尤其是南部英格语人中教国Received Pronuciation”RP
通用。
年语语音语 国会的语言家便制定出一套可语通学国 1888(International Phonetic Association) 用的语音符叫语音语符 号国号?～希望以一符代表一个号(IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet)音～避免各人使用一套自己的符所语生的不便。 并号
音素音的最小语位英语中有个音素: ,48.
音语由元音和语音成的语音语位构: .
元音语音亮响是语音口腔中流不受阻碍气是音语的主要语成部分英语中有个元音: ,,,.20.
语音语音不亮响是音噪口腔中流受到阻碍气不是音语的重要语成部分英语中有个语音: ,,,,28. 语音语 :
语音元音语音不语音如1)+++e :kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
语音元音 如2)+:he hi go no do be tree three hello 语音语:
语音元音语音 1)++:sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
元音语音 如2)+: it is of in on up out ant A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
He eats some beef and drinks some green teaMr Wang told us a funny story.
They waited a long time yesterday.
英语语音语国个48
元音;个,20
语元音/:/ɑ/:/?/ :/?/i://u:/
短元音/ /?//?/?///?//?/e/ /?/双元音/e/?/a/?// ??
/?/?/e?//?/?/?/?/a/?
语音;个,28
语语音/p// t// k//f//θ//s/
语语音/b//d/ /g//v//e/ /z/
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语语音//?/ h//ts//t/?/tr/
语语音//?/ r/ /dz/ /d/?/dr/
鼻音/m//n/ /?/
半元音/ j// w/
语音/ ?/
新英语语音语语照表旧国
??:元音新i:?e?З:?Λu:
?:旧i:ie??:?Λu:u
??? 新ɑ:eIaI??a?I?e??
?
?旧ɑ:eiai?i?uaui?εu?
?
语音无语化pbtdkgfvsz
θemn?lrhwj
trdr??t?d?tsdz
英语语音语及字母语合语照国
一、元音:
字母语合;1) [i:] :ee ea e ie ei ,eo ey i
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive
2
语音字母 2) [? ] [i]i y e ui u a
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmany twenty happy dictionary
decide delicious
语音字母 3) [ ? ] a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
字母语合 ;4) [e] ea e a ,ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay
head bread pleasure
remember lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any
字母语合5) [ε:] ir ur ear er or
girl shirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse Thursday
learn earn earth heard
term her serve
work work world
字母语合 6) [ε] [?] er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author
delicious pleasure familiar dollar together tomorrow today lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant banana Canada Japan ChinaSaturday
字母语合 7) [a:] ar a
3
car farm card arm garden
fast class last plant calm
语音字母 8) [ ? ] u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough
blood flood
字母语合 9) [?: ]al or au our ar
small wall talk tall ball call walk short more horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four court bought
warm quarrel
语音字母 10) [ ? ] ([?])o a ou
hot lost lot fox box loss notwant wash watch
字母语合 11) [u:] [ ?:] oo o u
food moon room tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
字母语合 12) [u][ ?]oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full pull
4
woman wolf
语音字母 13) [ei] a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane play say may way
great break rain they grey
语音字母 14) [ai] i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
字母语合 15) [au] [a?]ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around
flower down now cow how town
语音字母 16) [εu] [?]?o ow oa
home cold go no phone host
know low show
boat coat goal
字母语合17) [ ?? ] [??]oy oi
boy toy joy oil soil voice choice
字母语合 18) [ ??]eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
字母语合??19) [ ] [e?]ear air ere
pear bear chair air fair there where care
字母语合20) [uε] [??]our ower
5
tour
二、语音
1) [p]pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b]book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
语音字母5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (k)
语音字母 card cat cream correct climb come account accept (c)
语音字母 box oxygen x-ray (x)
字母语合 school schedule (ch)
6) [g] girl good goal grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [?] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of
语音字母14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (s)
语音字母 license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (c)
字母语合 piece juice science lance space ace (ce)
15) [z] zoo zero close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
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17) [e] that this those these though 18) [?] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station social special sure
19) [] pleasure ?
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com
24) [d] age language vegetable bridge joy enjoy join July June junk ?
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods
注,容易混淆的语音 1.
[v] [w] vest west vet wet very well
[s] [θ] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [θ] close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [?] thin thing ran rang win wing
,后面的语音要不要语成语语音,清2/s/
ɑstar [st:] question ['kwest?n] skirt [sk?:t] first [f?:st] scary ['sk?ri]??
?? ?] sister[sist?] mister[mist?] lister[list?
在非语尾音语～要语化;也需要语化,。在语尾语～不用语化。在语得例子中你不需要语化～/st/ /sp/ /sk/strfirst [f?:st]因语有再接元音所以语不成一音语～其他都要语化。 而没个中不于属的音～是和的音。question/st//s//t/?
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范文三：英语国际标准音标
英语国际标准音标练习
前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 单元音后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 12个 元音 中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] (20个) 合口双元音(5个) 双元音[ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i]
8个 集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??]
清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h] 辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l] (28个) 浊 辅 音(17个) [m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r]
/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/
/i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/
/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ /?/ fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/ /a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/
/ ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ honest/′?nist/
/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / ? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/′m?ni/ ugly/′?gli/ come/k?m/
/?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/
/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/
/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/
/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/
/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/
/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ?′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/
/?i/ boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/
/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′di?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/
/ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/
/u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/(停泊) your/ju?/
/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/
/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/
1
/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/
/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/
/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/
/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/
/v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/
/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)
thought/θ?:t/ author/??θ?/ truth/tru:θ/
/e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/
/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st?ps/
/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheep/t?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwest??n/
teach/ti:t?/ challenge/t?lind?/
/d?/ orange/′?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d??b/
/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/ /dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h?ndrid/
/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/
/?/ pleasure/′ple??/ measure/′me??/ television/′telivi??n/
/ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/
/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/
/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/
/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′pr?bl?m/
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范文四：英语国际标准音标表
1
/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′ di ?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/
/ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/
/u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u ?/ moor/mu?/(停泊 ) your/ju?/
/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/
/b/bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/
/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/
/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/
/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′ wi:kend/
/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/
/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′ feiv ?rit/
/v/ very/′ veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′ fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′ nev ?/
/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡 ) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸 )
thought/θ?:t/ author/′?θ?/ truth/tru:θ/
/e/the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′ m ?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/
/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st?ps/
/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?i z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/
/t ?/ catch/k?t ?/ cheep/t ?i:p/ rich/rit ?/ watch/wt ?/ child/t ?aild/ question/kwest ??n/ teach/ti:t ?/ challenge/t ?lin d ?/
/d ?/orange/′ ?ri d ?/ large/la:d ?/ juice/d ?u:s/ job/d ??b/
/tr/tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/
/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′ h ?ndrid/
/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/
/?/pleasure/′ ple ??/ measure/′ me ??/ television/′ telivi ??n/
/ts/let ′ s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/
2
/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/
/l/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/
/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/
/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′ mju:zik/ student/′ stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′ skju:z/ /w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′ pr ?bl ?m/
音标综合练习
3
month thief that than faith together thank themselves 三.拼读下列单元音:
2、双元音:
4
3、清、浊辅音:
5
范文五：英语国际标准音标表
英语国际音标讲解
英语国际音标表(48个)
International Phontic Symbols Of English
英语国际音标表(48个) 元音(20个)
辅音(28个)
英语国际音标的讲解及练习 Lesson 1
⑴ 前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?]
前元音发音要领:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇不要收 圆。
[i:]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开, 成扁平形。
注意:[i:]是长元音,发长元音时要比发短元音长两倍以上。 [i] ①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,比 [i:]低 , 比 [e]高。②唇形 扁平,牙床开得比 [i:]宽,比 [e]窄。③可从发 [i:]出发,将小指尖放在 上下齿之间,舌前部也随之稍稍下降,即可发出 [i]。
[e] ①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,比 [i:]低。②唇形中常,牙床 开得比 [i:]宽,上下齿间可容纳一个食指。
[?] ①舌尖抵下齿。 ②双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,两齿间可以 容纳食指和中指。
⑵ 爆破辅音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
爆破音发音要领:[p] [t] [k]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动,送 气要强。
[b] [d] [g]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动,送气要强。
[p] [b]双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。
[t] [d]舌尖紧贴上齿龈 , 形成阻碍 , 然后突然下降 , 气流冲出口腔。 [k] [g]舌后部隆起,紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,气流冲 出口腔。
⑶发音练习:b[bi:] d[di:] e[i:]
Lesson 2
⑴ 后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
后元音发音要领:①舌尖不触下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软颚抬 起,除 [ɑ:]外,双唇要收圆。
②发 [ɑ:][?:][u:]时要注意长度,不要发得太短。
[ɑ:] 舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身平放后缩。
[?] ①舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍 收圆。③可先发 [ɑ:],然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双唇稍稍收圆(不 要突出)即可发出 [?]。
[?:] ①舌后部比发 [?]时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小,并须 用力向前突出。
[u] ①舌尖不触下齿 , 舌后部向软颚抬起 , 舌身后缩。 ②双唇收 圆,稍向前突出。
[u:] 双唇比发 [u]时收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比发 [u]时抬 得更高。
⑵ 摩擦辅音:[f] [v] [s] [z] [?] [?] [?] [e]
摩擦音发音要领:
[f] [s] [?] [?]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[v] [z] [?] [e]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。
发摩擦音时必须注意:①软颚抬起,堵住到鼻腔的通道,但口 腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或振动成 音。②摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。
[f] [v]下唇轻触上齿 , 气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过 , 摩擦成音 。 [s] [z] 舌端及舌尖靠近上齿龈,但不接触,上下齿靠拢,但不 要咬住,气流由舌端与上齿龈之间逸出,摩擦成音。
[?] [?]舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分,舌身两侧紧贴上颚,中央 形成一条狭长的通道,上下齿靠拢或靠近,但不要咬住,气流由舌端 与上齿龈较后部分之间逸出,摩擦成音。
[?] [e] 舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间的窄小缝隙逸出,摩 擦成音。
⑶ 发音练习:c[si:] f[ef]
good[gud] too[tu:] this[eis] is[is]
these [ei:z] cat[k?t] dog[d?g] it[it]
Lesson 3
⑴ 中元音:[?] [?:] [?]
中元音发音要领:舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样 紧。舌身的中部隆起,扁唇(双唇不要收圆)。
[?:]①舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。②牙床开得较窗窄,双唇和发 [i:]时相似。
③注意长度,不要发得太短。
[?] ①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中常。③这个音和 汉语普通话轻声的 “ 么(me ) ” 及 “ 了 (le)” 中的短促元音 “e” 相似,但英 语的 [?]在词末时发音比普通话的 “e” 长。
[?] ①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和 [?]相似,唇形扁。
③从元音 [?]出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出 [?]。
⑵ 破擦音:[tr] [dr] [?] [?] [?] [?]
破擦音发音要领:
[tr] [?] [?]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[dr] [?] [?]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。
破擦音是爆破音和摩擦音的结合,发破擦音时必须注意:①憋 住气流的发音器官(舌尖和上齿龈)分开得比较缓慢,而且立即跟着 发一个发音部位相似的摩擦音。②发破擦音时,先形成阻碍,在解除 阻碍的同时舌尖向摩擦音的部位滑动,发出摩擦音。但这两步动作是 紧密相连的,由一次送气来完成,不可发出两个独立的音。
[?] [?] 软颚抬起,舌身形成发 [?]音的姿势,但舌尖和舌端抵住 上齿龈,形成阻碍。气流冲破这个阻碍后,舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭 小的缝隙,发出摩擦的声音。
[tr] [dr] 软颚抬起,舌身作发 [r]音的姿势,但舌尖抵上齿龈后 部,以形成阻碍。气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的 [t]后立即发 [r]。 [?] [?]舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出 口腔。
⑶ 发音练习:g[?i:] p[pi:] r[ɑ:] s[es] t[ti:]
she[?i:] sister[?sist?]
Lesson 4
⑴ 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
双元音发音要领:①由两个元音组成,发音时由第一个向第二个 元音的部位滑动,但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过程中唇 形、舌位及牙床开合程度均有相应的变化。
②前重后轻,第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。 ③前长后短,第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。
[ei] ①由 [e]向 [i]滑动 , 但不到 [i]的部位就停止发音。②发音过程中 下颚和下唇向上移动,舌位也随之抬高。
[ai] ① [a]是个前元音 (不是后元音 [ɑ:]),和汉语普通话 “a” 音相似, 发音时舌尖抵住下齿,舌位很低,舌前隆起。用扁唇或中常唇形,牙 床开合度宽。②从 [a]向 [i]滑动,不到 [i]的部位就停止发音。
[?i] ①开始部分舌位在 [?]和 [?:]之间。②由上述部位向 [i]滑动,由 圆唇变成扁唇,舌前部随之稍稍抬起。
[?u]由 [?]向 [u]滑动 , 双唇由扁到略为收圆,但不到 [u]的部位就停 止发音。
[au] ①开始部分和 [ai]中的 [a]相同,①由 [a]向 [u]滑动时把双唇逐 渐收圆,舌后部随之稍稍抬起。②防止一开始就把双唇收圆,把 [au]变成 [?u]。
⑵ 鼻(辅)音:[m] [n] [?]
鼻音发音要领:
①软颚下垂,口腔通道完全堵塞,气流从鼻腔逸出。
②三个鼻辅音 [m] [n] [?]都是浊辅音,发音时声带必须 振动。
③鼻辅音在词末时,发音略为延长。
[m]双唇紧闭,舌身平放,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔逸出。 [n]舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,双唇不闭,软颚下垂,气流 从鼻腔逸出。
[?]舌尖和发 [k]/[g]时相同,但软颚下垂,堵住口腔通道,气流从 鼻腔逸出。
⑶发音练习:a[ei] h[ei?] i[ai] j[?ei] k[kei] m[em] n[en]o[?u] v[vi:] x[eks] z[zed]
Lesson 5
⑴ 集中双元音:
双元音发音要领:①由两个元音组成,发音时由第一个向第二个 元音的部位滑动,但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过程中唇 形、舌位及牙床开合程度均有相应的变化。
②前重后轻,第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。 ③前长后短,第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。
[i?] ①发 [i]时注意用扁唇,嘴不要张得太开,以免发成 [e]或 [?]。 ②舌身稍向后缩,从 [i]很快滑向 [?]。
[??] ① [?]是个前元音 , 发音时舌尖触下齿 , 舌位半开 , 舌前隆起。 牙床较宽,在 [e]与 [?]之间。②舌身稍向后缩,由从 [?]很快滑向 [?] [u?] ① [u]不要发成 [u:]。②舌身稍向前移,由从 [u]很快滑向 [?] ⑵ 摩擦音 [h] [r] [j] [w]及舌侧音 [l]
摩擦音发音要领:
[h]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[r] [j] [w]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。
[h] 这个音也叫喉音。①发这个音时,发音器官呈发元音的姿 势,声门张开,气流不受阻碍,自由逸出口腔,声带不振动,只是在 通过声门时形成轻微的摩擦;口型不定,随后面的元音而变化。②发 音时舌后部和软颚间不产生摩擦,即不要发成汉语 “ 赫 ” 的声母。 [r] 这个音也叫卷舌音。①舌尖向上齿龈后部抬起,舌前对硬 颚呈凹形,舌身两侧紧贴上颚。②双唇略突出,气流由舌面与硬颚间 逸出,牙床开合程度大小均可。③软颚升起,声带振动。
[j] 这个音也叫半元音。①舌身和双唇呈发 [i]的姿势,舌前部 向硬颚抬起 , 双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形 , 声带振动 。 ②发音急促短暂, 一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动。
[w] 这个音也叫半元音。①舌身和双唇呈发 [u:]的姿势,舌后 部向软颚抬起,声带振动。②发音急促短暂,一经发出,立刻向后面 的元音滑动。
舌侧音 [l]发音要领:
[l] ①舌端紧抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。② [l]两种发音,即所谓清晰 [l]和含糊 [l]。发清晰 [l]时,舌前向硬颚抬起, 舌尖抵上齿龈 , 舌身平直 , 气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出 。 发含糊 [l]时, 舌尖抵上齿龈,舌面形成凹槽,舌后上抬,气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸 出。
⑶ 发音练习:l[el] q[kju:] u[ju:] w[?d?blju:] y[wai]
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