范文一:英语单词的结构
英语单词的结构
什么是词?
词是能独立运用的、最小的、有语义的语言单位。就其句法功能来说,词可以分为功能词(function word )和实义词(content word )两类。功能词指的是没有完整词汇意义但有语法意义或语法功能的词,包括________、________、__________、________、_________、_________等。实义词指的是本身有完整词汇意义的词,包括__________、_________、__________、_________等。
英语单词是由字母拼写而成的,可以由一个字母组成一个单词,如______,也可以由45个字母组成一个单词,如:(n. 肺尘病)。
英语单词的内部结构也不尽相同,让我们来分析以下三组词:
1. book, books, bookish, bookcase
2. tolerate, tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerable, intolerable
3. telephone, telegram, telescope, telecommunication
在第一组词里,book 可以再分吗?
在第二组词中,toler
ate
ance
ation
able
in
第三组例词中都有一个共同成分_________, 意思是__________,-phone有声音的意思,如microphone; -gram 往往表示书写或描绘出来的东西,如telegram; -scope 表示“观察的仪器,…镜”,如microscope.
从上面的分析可以看出,如果撇出能不能独立运用这一点,词就不是最小的有语义的单位,语言中最小的“语音和语义的结合体”称为“词素”(morpheme)。上述三组词中,除了book 外,都是由两个或两个以上的词素组成的。
什么是词素?
二、派生 Derivation
注意: -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。
( ) 1. enrich
( ) 2. semicircle
( ) 4. sharpen
( ) 5. job-hunting
( ) 6. limitless
( ) 7. imaginative
( ) 8. defrost A. trying to find jobs B. remove, get rid of ice, frost C. of, having, using imagination D. make or become sharp E. half a circle F. causing trouble G . make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc. H. without limit Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left. ( ) 3. troublesome
Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.
1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)
2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)
4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)
6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. (foreign )
7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)
8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)
9. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear)
10. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (cover)
11. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)
12. She hoped that her son would become a _______. (music)
13. Few ______ words made us excited. (speak)
14. The days on the moon get hotter than ______ water. (boil)
15. Thank you for your _________. (kind)
16. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make
some money for their college _____. (expensive)
17. Most international ______ letters are written in English, too. (busy)
18. The boy noticed an ______ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say
anything about it. (correct) 19. When in Rome, do as the _____ do. (Rome)
20. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)
范文二:[重点]英语单词的结构
英语单词的结构
什么是词,
词是能独立运用的、最小的、有语义的语言单位。就其句法功能来说,词可以分为功能词(function word)和实义词(content word)两类。功能词指的是没有完整词汇意义但有语法意义或语法功能的词,包括________、________、__________、________、_________、_________等。实义词指的是本身有完整词汇意义的词,包括__________、_________、__________、_________等。
英语单词是由字母拼写而成的,可以由一个字母组成一个单词,如______,也可以由45个字母组成一个单词,如:(n.肺尘病)。
英语单词的内部结构也不尽相同,让我们来分析以下三组词: 1. book, books, bookish, bookcase
2. tolerate, tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerable, intolerable 3. telephone, telegram, telescope, telecommunication 在第一组词里,book可以再分吗,
在第二组词中,toler
ate
ance
ation
able
in
第三组例词中都有一个共同成分_________, 意思是__________,-phone有声音的意思,如microphone; -gram往往表示书写或描绘出来的东西,如telegram; -scope表示“观察的仪器,…镜”,如microscope.
从上面的分析可以看出,如果撇出能不能独立运用这一点,词就不是最小的有语义的单位,语言中最小的“语音和语义的结合体”称为“词素”(morpheme)。上述三组词中,除了book外,都是由两个或两个以上的词素组成的。
什么是词素,
二、派生 Derivation
前缀
前缀 含义 例词
a- 处在?? arise, aside, alone
en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslave
dis- dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree un- unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair,
unclose, undress, uncover, untie
in- 不,非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect
impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical im-
ir- irregular, irresponsible
il- illogical,
non- 不,非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor,
non-stop
de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize,分散,, defrost,解冻, anti- 反(对) anti-freeze, anti-fascist
mis- misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune re rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co- 共同 co-exist, co-operate, co-education ex 以前的 Ex-husband, ex-president
tele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope super- supermarket, superpower, under- underline, underestimate, underground, inter- 相互,之间 international, interact, inter-change sub- 下,次 subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans- 过,穿过,变 transformation(变形), translate vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president semi- 半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic bi 两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的 tri 三个 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎 multi- 多,多种 multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured,multicultural kilo- 千 kilometre, kilogram
后缀
后 缀 例 词
-er
-ess princess,
-or
-ar beggar 名 -ese Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese 词 -ian musician, Egyptian, physician
-ist communist, socialist,
-ent/-ant assistant
-ment argument, judgment, government
-ness happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness
-tion
-ing building, wedding, painting
-ship leadership, friendship, hardship
-age shortage, marriage, leakage
-ty loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty
-th truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth
-ance acceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance
-ence dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence
-ful mouthful, handful, plateful,
-al refusal, denial, arrival
-y difficulty, possibility,
-dom freedom, wisdom, kingdom
-ism socialism, materialism
注意: -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。
-er 构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。
后 缀 例 词
-al central, industrial, national, natural
-an European, American, Australian
-ern eastern, northern, southern
-able reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable,
forgettable, sensible
-ful careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ish childish, Swedish, selfish -ive destructive, collective, active, creative, effective -y thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny -less careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless -en golden, wooden, woolen -ous courageous, famous, continuous, serious, various 形 -ary imaginary, revolutionary, secondary 容 -ic realistic, historic, poetic 词
-some troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
-like childlike, womanlike, manlike
-ant ignorant, significant, observant, important
-ent diligent, silent, excellent, frequent
-ly lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly
-ish childish, foolish
后 缀 例 词
-ize realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize,
动 -en widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten,
词 quicken, deepen
-fy Simplify, beautify, terrify,
后 缀 例 词
-ward(s) forward, northward, backward, downward 副
词 -ly slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly
Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left.
( ) 1. enrich A. trying to find jobs
( ) 2. semicircle B. remove, get rid of ice, frost
( ) 3. troublesome C. of, having, using imagination
( ) 4. sharpen D. make or become sharp
( ) 5. job-hunting E. half a circle
( ) 6. limitless F. causing trouble
( ) 7. imaginative G. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc.
( ) 8. defrost H. without limit
Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.
1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)
2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)
4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)
6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. (foreign)
7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)
8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)
9. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear)
10. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (cover)
11. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)
12. She hoped that her son would become a _______. (music)
13. Few ______ words made us excited. (speak)
14. The days on the moon get hotter than ______ water. (boil)
15. Thank you for your _________. (kind)
16. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make
some money for their college _____. (expensive)
17. Most international ______ letters are written in English, too. (busy)
18. The boy noticed an ______ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say
anything about it. (correct) 19. When in Rome, do as the
_____ do. (Rome)
20. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)
范文三:英语单词是由字母组成的
英语单词是由字母组成的,字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词,含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节词。单音节词都是重读音节,双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节,其他的是弱读音节。
(1)开音节:开音节又分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。由一个元音字母结尾的音节为绝对开音节。例如:no ,I ,me ,my ,be 等。以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(r除外) 再加一个不发音的字母e 结尾的音节为相对开音节。例如:name ,late ,grade ,game ,rose 等。开音节中的元音字母一般都发字母表中的音。
(2)闭音节:闭音节是以一个元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母结尾的音节。例如:not ,thank ,ten ,am ,six 等。 重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音 现在分词的构成规则是:
1.大多数动词直接在词尾加-ing ,例如:go-going, work-working, study-studying, look-looking等。
2.以不发音的e 字母结尾的动词,需去掉e 再加-ing ,例如:make-making, write-writing, skate-skating等。
3.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加-ing 。例如:
run-running,swim-swimming 等。begin 和 star符合现在分词构成规则的第三点.
listen /lisn/重读在第一个音节上, 不符合第三点, 所以他属于规则变化, 直接加ing 就好了. 至于open 是双写n 加ing 的,
a,e,i,o,u 是常见的元音字母,而w ,y 是半元音字母,其它为辅音字母。一个单词必须有元音,辅音字母一般要有。
范文四:英语单词结构
A
above all 首要, 尤其
be absorbed in 专心于
by accident 偶然
account for 说明(原因等)
on account of 因为, 由于
take…into account 考虑
be accustomed to 习惯于
add up to 合计, 总计
in addition 另外
in addition to 除…之外
in advance 提前, 预先
gain/have an advantage over 胜过, 优于
take advantage of 利用
ahead of 在…前面, 先于
in the air 在流行中, 在传播中
after all 终于, 毕竟; 虽然这样
all but 几乎, 差一点; 除…之外其余都
all over 遍及, 到处
all right 行, 可以; 顺利, 良好
at all 完全, 根本
in all 总共, 共计
not at all 一点也不
allow for 考虑到
make allowances for 考虑到, 顾及; 体谅, 原谅
in alliance with 与…联盟
l eave/let…alone 听其自然, 不要去管
let alone 更不用说
along with 与…一起
by analogy 用类推的方法
one after another 一个接一个
one another 互相
anything but 除…以外任何事(物), 根本不
apart from 除去
arrive at 达成, 得出
as for 至于, 就…方面说
as if 好像, 仿佛
as though 好像, 仿佛
as to 至于, 关于
as well 也, 又
aside from 除…以外
ask after 询问, 问候
ask for 请求, 要求
pay attention to 注意
avail (oneself) of 利用
of/to no avail 不起作用, 没有用
on (the/an) average 平均, 一般说来
right away 立即, 马上
B
back and forth 来回, 往返, 来来往往的
back down/off 放弃, 让步, 退却
back of 在…后部, 在…背部
back up 支持, 援助; 倒退, 后退
on the basis of 根据, 在…的基础上
because of 犹豫, 因为
on behalf of 代表, 为了
make believe 假装
at (the) best 充其量, 至多
do/try one’s best 尽力, 努力
get the best of 胜过
make the best of 充分利用, 妥善处理
for the better 好转, 改善
get the better of 打败, 智胜
had better 最好还是, 应该
on board 在船(车, 飞机) 上
be bound to 必定, 一定
break away (from) 脱离, 逃跑
break down 损坏, 分解, 瓦解
break in 强行进入, 闯入; 打断, 插嘴
break into 闯入
break off 断绝, 结束
break out 突然发生, 爆发;(of)逃出
break through 突破
break up 终止, 结束; 打碎, 拆散
catch one’s breath 屏息, 喘口气
out of breath 喘不过起来, 上气不接下气
in brief 简单的说, 简言之
bring about 带来, 造成
bring down 打倒, 挫伤; 降低
bring forth 产生, 提出
bring forward 提出
bring out 使出现, 使显明; 公布, 出版
bring to 使恢复知觉
bring up 教育, 培养, 使成长
build up 积累, 堵塞; 树立, 逐步建立; 增进, 锻炼
in bulk 散装, 大批, 大量
burn out 烧掉,
burn up 烧起来, 旺起来; 烧完, 烧尽
trolley bus 无轨电车
on business 因公, 因事
C
call for 邀请; 要求, 需要
call forth 唤起, 引起; 振作起, 鼓起
call off 放弃, 取消
call on/upon 访问, 拜访; 号召, 呼吁
call up 召集, 动员; 打电话; 使人想起
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
ID card 身份证
credit card 信用卡
care for 照顾, 关心; 喜欢, 意欲
take care 小心, 当心
take care of 照顾, 照料; 承担, 处理, 负责
carry off 夺去
carry on 继续下去, 坚持下去; 从事, 经营
carry out 贯彻, 执行, 实现
in any case 无论如何, 总之
in case 假如, 以防(万一), 免得
in case of 假如, 万一
in no case 决不
catch on 理解, 明白
catch up with 追上, 赶上
per cent 百分之
by chance 偶然, 碰巧
take a chance 冒险一试
in charge (of) 负责, 主管
take charge of 担任, 负责
check in 办理登记手续
check out 结账后离开; 检查, 核算
check up/(up) on 校对, 检查, 检验
cheer up 使高兴, 使振奋; 高兴起来, 振作起来
in chorus 一齐, 一致, 共同
clear away 扫除, 收拾
clear up 整理, 收拾; 清除, 解除; 解释, 澄清;(天气) 变晴
around/round the clock 昼夜不停的
come off 实现, 成功, 奏效
come on 请, 来吧, 跟着来, 快点; 开始, 来临; 进展, 发展; 出场, 上演 come out 出版, 刊出; 出现, 显露, 长出; 结果是, 结局是; 被解出 come round/around 来访, 前来; 苏醒, 复原
come through 经历, 脱险
come to 总计, 达到; 苏醒, 复原
come true 实现, 达到
come up 走近, 上来; 发生, 被提出
come up to 达到, 符合
come up with 提出, 提供
in common 共同, 共有, 共用
keep company with 与…交往, 与…结伴
compare…to 把…比作
by comparison 比较起来
as/so far as…be concerned 就…来说
be concerned with 关心, 挂念, 从事于
in conclusion 最后, 总之
on conditional that 在…条件下
in connection with/to 关于
in consequence 因此, 结果
in consequence of 由于…的缘故
on the contrary 反之, 正相反
in contrast with/to 与…成反比
out of control 失去控制
under control 被控制住
at all costs 不惜任何代价, 无论如何
at the cost of 以…为代价
count on 依靠, 期望, 指望
count up 把…相加
in the course of 在…过程中, 在…期间
of course 当然, 自然, 无疑
by courtesy of 蒙…的好意(或准许), 蒙…提供(或赠送); 由于…的作用 cover up 掩饰, 掩盖
cross out 删去, 取消
on cue 恰好在这个时候
take one’s cue from 学…的样, 听…的劝告
cut across 走捷径, 抄近路
cut back 削减, 降低
cut down 削减, 减少
cut in (汽车) 抢挡; 插嘴, 打断
cut out 删除
cut short 突然停止
D
in danger 在危险中, 垂危
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
to date 到目前为止
up to date 时新的
a great/good of 大量(的), 许多(的)
in debt 欠债, 欠情
take delight in 以…为乐
derive from 导出; 由…来
in detail 详细的
die down 渐渐消失, 平息
die off 相继死去
die out 消失, 灭绝
be on a diet 节食
make a/the difference 有影响, 很重要
in the distance 在远处
do away with 废除, 去掉
do without 没有…也行
have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系
have (something) to do with 和…有(点) 关系 hot dog 红肠面包, 热狗
next door 隔壁
out of doors 在户外
double up 弯腰, 把…折起来
no doubt 无疑, 必定
doze off 打瞌睡
draw in (火车\汽车) 到站
draw on 动用, 利用; 吸, 抽(烟)
draw up 写出, 画出; 草拟, 停住
dress up 穿上盛装, 打扮的漂漂亮亮
drop by/in 顺便来访
drop off 减弱, 减少
drop out 退出, 离队
due to 由于, 因为
off duty 下班
on duty 值班, 上班
dwell on 凝思; 详述
E
each other 互相
on earth 究竟, 到底; 在世界上
carry/bring into effect 使生效, 使起作用 put into effect 实行, 生效
come/go into effect 生效, 实施
in effect 有效; 实际上
take effect 生效, 起作用
or else 否则, 要不然
embark on/upon 从事, 着手
in the end 最后, 终于
in essence 大体上, 本质上
at all events 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in the event of 万一, 如果发生
for ever 永远
for example 例如
with the exception of 除…之外
in excess of 超过
catch one’s eye 引人注目
keep an eye on 留意, 照看
F
face to face 面对面地
face up to 大胆面对
in the face of 面对, 在…面前; 不顾, 即使
make a face 做鬼脸
in fact 其实, 实际上
matter of fact 实际情况, 真相
fail to 未能
fall behind 落后
fall back on 求助于, 转而依靠
fall in with 符合, 与…一致; 碰见
fall out 争吵, 结果是
fall through 落空, 失败
as far as/so far as 原至, 到…程度
by far …的多, 最
far from 远非, 远离
so far 迄今为止
find fault 埋怨, 挑剔
in favor of 有利于, 便于, 赞成, 支持
feed in 输入
be fed up (with) 感到厌烦
feel like 欲, 想要
a few 有些, 几个
quite a few 还不少, 有相当数目的
fill in/out 填充, 填写
find out 查明
catch fire 着火
set fire to 点燃
on fire 烧着
at first 最初, 首先
first of all 首先, 第一
flare up 突然烧起来, 突然发怒
as follows 如下
make a fool of 玩弄, 愚弄
on foot 步行
in force 有效, 实施中
come/go into force 生效, 实施
and so forth 等等
set free 释放
make friends 交朋友, 友好相处
be friends with 对…友好, 与…交上朋友
to and fro 来来回回
in front of 在…面前
make fun of 取笑, 嘲弄
make a fuss of 娇养(某人), 过分关怀(某人) in (the) future 今后, 将来
G
in general 通常, 大体上
get across 即使清楚
get along/on with 进展; 相处融洽; 生活, 过活 get around/round 走动, 旅行;(消息) 传开 get around/round to 找时间做, 开始考虑 get at 得到, 接近; 意思是
get away 逃脱, 离开
get by 通过, 经过
get down 从…下来; 写下
get down to 开始, 着手
get in 进入; 收获, 收集
get into 进入, 陷入
get off 从…下来, 离开, 动身, 开始
get out of 逃避, 改掉
get over 克服,(从病中) 恢复过来
get better of 占上风, 胜过
get through 结束, 完成
get together 集合, 聚集
get up 起床; 增加, 增强
give away 泄漏; 分送
give back 送还, 恢复
give in 交上; 投降, 屈服
give off 放出, 释放
give oneself away 泄漏, 露马脚
give oneself up 自首, 投降, 投案
give out 分发, 放出
give up 停止, 放弃
give way to 给…让路, 对…让步; 被…替代 go after 追求
go ahead 开始, 前进, 领先
go along with 陪同前往, 随行
go around/round 足够分配
go back on 违背
go by 过去
go down 下降, 降低; 被载入, 传下去
go for 竭力想取得, 喜爱, 支持, 拥护
go in for 从事, 致力于, 追求, 沉迷于
go into 进入; 研究, 调查
go off 爆炸, 发射; 动身, 离开
go on 继续, 发生
go out 外出, 熄灭
go over 检查, 审查; 复习, 重温
go through 经历, 经受; 详细检查
go under 下沉, 沉没; 失败, 破产
go up 上升, 增加; 建起
go with 伴随, 与…协调
go without 没有…也行
as good as 和…几乎一样, 实际上等于
for good 永久的
good for 有效, 适用, 胜任
take…for granted 想当然, 认为理所当然 on guard 警惕, 防范
H
in half 成两半
at hand 在手边, 在附近, 即将到来
by hand 用手
hand down 流传下来, 传给, 往下传
hand in 交上, 递交
hand in hand 手拉着手, 携手; 结合起来, 联合 hand on 传下来, 依次传递
hand out 分发, 散发, 发给
hand over 交出, 移交, 让与
in hand 在控制中, 在进行中
on hand 在手边, 临近
on (the)one ~…,on the other 一方面…,另一方面… hang about 闲荡, 徘徊, 逗留
hang back 由于, 踌躇, 畏缩
hang on 抓紧不放; 继续下去, 等一下
hang on to 紧握住, 坚持下去
hang up 挂断(电话)
happen to 碰巧, 偶然
hardly any 几乎没有, 几乎什么也不
hardly … when/before 刚一…就…
in hasten 急忙的, 草率的
have back 要回, 收回
have on 穿着, 戴着
have to do with 与…有关
head for 驶向, 走向
head on 迎头, 迎面
keep one’s head 保持镇静
lose one’s head 不知所措
at heart 在内心, 实质上
by heart 牢记, 凭记忆
get/learn by heart 记住, 背诵
heart and soul 全心全意
lose heart 丧失勇气, 失去信心
can’t/couldn’t help 禁不住; 不得不
help oneself 自取所需(食物等)
get hold of 抓住, 掌握
hold back 踌躇, 退缩; 阻止, 抑制
hold on 继续, 握住不放
hold on to 紧紧抓住, 坚持
hold out 维持, 支持; 坚持, 不屈服
hold up 举起, 承载; 阻挡, 使停止; 抢劫, 拦截 at home 在家, 在国内; 自在, 自如
home and aboard 国内外
in honor of 为纪念, 向…表示敬意
on one’s honor 以名誉担保
keep house 管理家务, 作家务
how about …如何,…怎样
hundreds of 数以百计, 许多
hunger after 渴望
hunger for 渴望
hurry up (使) 赶快, 迅速完成
in a hurry 匆忙的, 急于
I
if only 要是…多好; 要是, 只要
improve on 改进
on (the) impulse (of…) 凭(…的) 冲动
for instance 例如, 举例说
instead of 代替, 而不是; 不是…(而是)
at intervals 不时, 时时
by itself 独自, 单身
in itself 本身
K
keep back 阻止, 阻挡; 隐瞒, 保留
keep down 控制, 压制, 镇压; 压低, 放低(声音) keep from 使…不(做)
keep off 不接近, 避开
keep on 继续不断, 保持
keep out of 躲开, 置身…之外
keep to 坚持, 保持
keep up 保持, 维持; 继续进行, 坚持
keep up with 向…看齐, 跟上…
knock down 撞倒, 击倒
knock out 击倒, 击昏
known as 被认为是, 被称为
L
at large 一般, 大体上
at last 最终, 终于
lay aside 把…搁置一边; 储蓄
lay down 放下; 制定, 拟定; 铺设
lay off (临时) 解雇; 休息
lay out 安排,布置;陈列,展示;设计,制定 at least 至少,最低限度
in the least 一点,丝毫
leave behind 留下,忘记带
leave out 遗漏,略去
at leisure 从容的,有空
lend itself to 适宜于,对…有用
at length 终于, 最后; 详细的
no less than 决不少于, 不亚于, 不次于;(和…)一样 let alone 不干涉; 更不用说
let down 放下, 降低; 使失望
let go 放开, 松手
let in 让…进入, 放…进来
let loose 放开, 放松, 释放
let off 放(炮, 烟火), 开(枪); 宽恕, 从宽处理; 免除 let out 放掉, 放出, 发出; 放大(衣服); 放松(绳子) lie in 在于
cast/shade/throw light on/upon 使明白, 阐明 in the light of 按照, 根据
in line 成一直线, 排成一行
in line with 和…成直线, 与…一致, 按照 line up 排队, 使排成一行
a little 一点, 稍; 一些, 少许
little by little 逐渐的
quite little 相当多, 不少
live on/by 靠…生活, 以…为食
live through 度过, 经受过
live up to 做到, 不辜负
as long as/so long as 只要, 如果
before long 不久以后
for long 长久的
no longer 不再, 已不
look after 照管, 照料
look at 看望, 注视
look back 回顾, 回头看
look down on 看不起, 轻视
look for 寻找, 寻求
look forward to 盼望, 期待
look in 顺便看望
look into 调查, 观察, 过问, 窥视
look on 旁观, 观看; 看待; 视作
look out 留神, 注意, 提防, 警惕
look over 检查, 察看, 调查
look through 仔细察看, 浏览, 温习
look up 查阅, 查询
look up to 尊敬, 敬仰
at a loss 困惑, 不知所措
a lot (of) 大量的, 很多的
lots of 大量, 很多
fall in love (with) 相爱, 爱上
M
be made up of 由…构成, 由…组成
make for 走向, 驶向; 有助于, 有利于
make out 辨认, 区分; 理解, 了解; 开列, 书写
make up 构成, 组成, 拼凑; 弥补, 赔偿; 化装, 编造; 和解
make up for 补偿, 弥补
a great/good many 许多, 大量
many a 许多的
mark time 原地踏步, 停止不前, 拖延时间
a matter of (关于…的) 问题; 大约
as a matter of fact 其实, 事实上
no matter how(what,when…etc.) 无论怎样(什么, 何时…等)
by all means 无论如何, 必定
by means of 借助于, 用
by no means 决不
in memory of 纪念
at the mercy of 在…支配下
bear/keep in mind 记住
have in mind 记住, 考虑到, 想到
make up one’s mind 下决心
never mind 不要紧, 没关系
by mistake 错误的
mix up 混合; 混淆, 搞糊涂
at the moment 现在, 此刻
for a moment 片刻, 一会儿
for the moment 现在, 暂时
in a moment 立刻, 马上
the moment (that) 一…就
more and more 越来越
more or less 或多或少; 几乎
no more 不再
no more than 不过, 仅仅, 和…一样不
at most /at the most 最多, 至多, 不超过
make the most of 充分利用
N
by nature 天生, 就其本性而言
in nature 本质上
neither…nor 既不…也不
nothing but 只有, 仅仅
every now and then 有时, 时时, 偶尔
just now 刚才, 一会以前
just and then 时而, 不时
just that 既然, 由于
a number of 若干
O
on occasion 有时, 不时
occur to 被想到, 被想起
at odor (with) (与)…不一致; 差异, 争执
off and on 断断续续, 不时的
and so on 等等
all at once 突然, 同时, 一起
at once 立刻, 马上
once (and) for all 一劳永逸, 限此一次
once more 再一次, 又一次
one another 相互
by oneself 独自的, 单独的
come/go onto operation 开始运转, 开工
put/bring into operation 使投入生产, 使运转
in order 秩序井然, 整齐
in order to 以便, 为了
in order that 以便
out of order 发生故障, 失调
put in order 整理, 检修
every other 每隔一个的
other than 不同于
out of 丧失, 失去; 缺乏, 没有
over and over (again) 一再, 再三
owing to 由于
on one’s own 独自的, 独立的
P
keep/hold pace with 跟上, 与…同步
take pains 尽力, 煞费苦心
play a part (in) 起作用
take part in 参加
in particular 特别的, 尤其, 详细的
pass away 去世, 逝世
pass off 中止, 停止
pass out 失去知觉, 昏倒
in the past 在过去
pay back 偿还, 回报
pay off 还清(债), 给清工资后遣散; 使…得益; 有报偿
pay up 全部付清
pick out 选出, 挑出, 拣出; 辨认, 辨认出
pick up 拾起, 拣起; 增加, 改进;(偶然) 得到;(车船) 中途搭(人), 中途带(货); 获得, 学会 in place 在适当的位置
in place of 代替
in the first place 起初, 首先
in the last place 最后
out of place 不得其所得, 不适当的
take place 发生, 进行
take the place of 代替
fair play 公平的竞争, 公平对待, 光明磊落
play with 以…为消遣, 玩弄
come to the point 说到要点, 扼要的说
on the point of 即将…的时候
point out 指出
to the point 切中要害, 切题
post office 邮局
bring/put…into practice 实施, 实行
in practice 在实践中, 实际上
out of practice 久不练习, 荒疏
at present 目前, 现在
for the present 目前, 暂时
prey on 捕食, 杀害; 折磨, 损害
make progress 进步, 进展
in proportion (to) (与…)成比例的
in public 公开的, 当众
pull down 拆毁, 拉倒; 拉下, 降低
pull in (车) 停下, 进站,(船) 到岸
pull off 脱(帽. 衣等)
pull on 穿, 戴
pull out 拔出, 抽出, 取出;(车船等) 驶出;(车辆) 减速
pull up (使) 停下
put across 解释清楚, 说明
put aside 储存, 保留
put away 放好, 收好; 储存
put down 记下, 放下; 镇压, 平定
put forward 提出
put in 驶进
put in for 申请
put off 推迟, 推延
put on 穿上, 戴上; 上演; 增加(体重)
put out 熄灭, 消灭, 关(灯); 出版, 发布; 生产
put up 提出, 举起, 升起, 提(价); 为…提供食宿, 投宿; 建造, 搭起, 支起; 张贴 put up with 容忍, 忍受
Q
in question 正在考虑
R
at random 随机的, 任意的
at any rate 无论如何, 至少
had/would rather…than 宁愿…,而不愿
rather than 而不, 不顾
by reason of 由于
reckon on 依靠, 指望
reckon with 估计到, 预料到; 处理, 对付
refer to 参考, 查阅; 涉及, 提到; 把…提交
refer to as 把…称作, 把…当作
as regards 关于, 至于
with/in regard to 对于, 就…而论
in/with relation to 关系到
with respect to 关于
as a result 结果, 因此
as a result of 由于…的结果
in return 作为回报, 作为报答
get rid of 摆脱, 除去
ring off 挂断电话
all right 好, 行
ring off 挂断电话
give rise to 引起, 使发生; 造成
on the rode 在旅途中
rest room 带厕所或浴室的休息室
all round 周围, 处处
rub out 擦掉, 试去
as a rule 通常, 照例
run down 撞倒, 停掉, 撞沉; 追捕, 追获, 追查出 run for 竞选
run into 撞上, 偶然碰见
run off 复印, 打印
run out of 用完, 用尽, 耗尽
run over 溢出, 满出; 略读, 略述; 辗过; 浏览, 匆匆复习 in the long run 最终, 从长远观点看
S
for the sake of 为了…起见, 看在…的份上 on sale 出售, 贱卖
all the same 仍然, 照样的
the same as 与…一致, 与…相同的
on a large scale 大规模的
on a small scale 小规模的
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 晚点
on schedule 按预定时间
scrape through 擦过, 勉强通过
start from scratch 从头做起, 从零开始
in secret 秘密的, 私下的
see off 给…送行
see through 看穿, 识破; 干完, 干到底
see to 注意, 负责, 照料; 修理
send for 派人去送, 召唤; 索取
send in 呈报, 提交, 送来
in a sense 从某种意义上说
make sense 讲的通, 有意义, 言之有理
in sequence 依次, 逐一
a series of 一系列, 一连串
serve as 作为, 用作
serve sb right 活该; 给某人应得的待遇
set about 开始, 着手
set aside 挑出, 拨出, 留出; 拒绝
set back 推迟, 延缓, 阻碍
set down 卸下, 放下; 记下, 记入
set forth 阐明, 陈述
set off 出发, 动身, 引起, 使发生
set out 陈列, 显示; 动身, 启程; 制定
set out to 打算, 着手
set up 创立, 建立, 树立; 资助, 扶持
settle down 定居, 过安定的生活
in shape 处于良好状态
take shape 成形
cut short 中断, 简化
run short 用完, 耗尽
for short 简称, 缩写
in short 简言之, 总之
show in 领入
show off 炫耀, 卖弄
show up 使呈现, 使醒目; 出席, 到场
shut out 排除
sick of 厌烦
on the side 作为兼职, 额外
side by side 肩并肩, 一个挨一个
side walk 人行道
at first sight 乍一看, 初看起来
in sight 被见到, 在望
catch sight of 发现, 突然看见
out of sight 看不见, 在视野之外
ever since 从那时起, 自那时以来
sit up 迟睡, 熬夜
sit for 参加
sit in 列席, 旁听
on the sly 偷偷的, 冷不防的
and so on/forth 等等
ever so 非常, 极其
or so 大约, 左右
so…as to 结果是; 如此…以至于, 如此…以使 so far 迄今为止
so that 以便, 为的是; 结果是, 以致
so…that 如此…以致
as soon as 一…就, 刚…便
no sooner…than 一…就, 刚…便
sooner or later 迟早, 早晚
the Soviet Union 苏联
speed up 使加速
in spite of 不管, 不顾, 尽管, 虽然
on the spot 当场, 在现场
(go) on the stage 当演员
at stake 在危险中, 厉害攸关
stand by 支持, 帮助, 站在一边; 袖手旁观
stand for 代替, 代表, 意味着
stand out 突出, 显眼
stand up 站起来, 耐用
stand up for 为…辩护, 维护
sand up to 勇敢的面对, 坚持抵抗, 经得起
in step 同步, 合拍
step by step 逐步
step up 提高, 加快, 加紧
out of step 步调不一致, 不协调
step in 插入, 介入
stick out 伸出, 突出; 坚持到底, 继续
stick to 坚持; 忠于; 信守
in stock 现有, 备有
in succession 连续的
such as 像…的那样, 诸如, 例如
such…that 那样的…以致
all of a sudden 突然
in sum 总而言之
sum up 总结, 概括
summon up 鼓起(勇气), 奋起; 唤起
make sure of/that 查明, 弄确实; 确信; 确定, 务必 T
take…as 把…作为
take after 与…相像
take apart 拆卸
take away 消除, 消耗
take down 记下, 写下
take…for 把…认为是, 把…看成是
take in 接受, 吸收; 了解, 理解; 欺骗
take off 拿走; 脱下; 起飞
take on 呈现, 具有, 装出; 接纳, 承担, 从事
take over 接管, 接办
take up 占去, 占据; 开始从事; 拿起, 接收
take to 喜欢, 亲近
talk back 回嘴, 顶嘴
talk into 说服
tape recorder 磁带录音机
in tears 流着泪, 含泪, 哭
lose one’s temper 发怒, 发脾气
in terms of 依据, 按照; 用…措词
thanks to 由于, 幸亏
so that 为的是, 使得; 结果是, 以致
and then 而且, 其次, 于是, 然后
for one thing 首先, 一则
think of 想起, 想到, 想一想
think of … as 把…看作是, 以为…是
think over 仔细考虑
think better of 改变主意, 重新考虑
as though 好像
on second thoughts 经重新考虑, 一转念
thousands of 许多, 无数
at full tilt 全速的, 全力的
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直, 始终
at a time 每次, 一次
at no time 从不, 决不
at one time 同时, 曾经, 从前曾
at the same time 但是, 然而
at times 有时
for the time being 目前, 暂时
from tine to time 有时, 不时
in no time 立即, 马上
in time 及时, 适时的
on time 准时
once upon a time 从前
take one’s time 不急不忙, 从容进行
by the same token 由于同样的原因, 同样的 on top of 在…之上
keep in touch 保持联系
out of touch 失去联系
touch on 关系到, 涉及
touch up 润色, 改进
keep track 通晓事态, 注意动向
lose track 失去联系
in truth 实际上, 的确
try out 试验
try on 试穿
tug of war 拔河
tune in (to sth.) 调谐, 收听
by turns 轮流, 交替的
in turn 依次, 轮流
turn down 关小, 调低; 拒绝
turn in 交出, 上缴; 转身进入, 拐入
turn into 变成
turn off 关掉, 断开; 拐弯, 叉开
turn on 接通, 打开
turn out 制造, 生产; 结果是; 驱逐, 使离开
turn over 翻过来, 翻倒; 转移, 转交
turn to 变成, 求助于, 借助于
turn up 开大, 调大; 出现, 来到, 发生
take turns 轮流
U
up to 起来, 从事于, 忙于; 直到; 该由…,轮到, 胜任, 适于 make use of 利用
put to use 使用, 利用
use up 用完, 花完
as usual 像往常一样, 照例
V
a variety of 种种, 各种
joint venture 合资企业
on the verge of 接近于, 濒于
vice versa 反之亦然
by virtue of 由于
W
ward off 防治, 避开
warm up 变热
by the way 顺便提一下
by way of 经由, 通过…方式
give way 让路, 让步
in a way 在某点, 在某种程度上
in no way 决不
in the way of 妨碍
in one’s way /in the way 妨碍, 阻碍
lead the way 带路, 引路
make one’s way 前进, 行进
make way 开路, 让路
wear off 逐渐消逝
wear out 用破, 用坏, 磨损; 耗尽, 使筋疲力尽 as well 同样的
as well as 既…又, 除…之外(还)
what about (对于) 怎么样
what if 如果…将会怎样, 即使…又有什么要紧 whether…or 是…还是, 不管…还是
for a while 暂时, 一时
once in a while 偶尔, 有时
after a while 过了一会, 不久 on the whole 总的来说
wipe out 擦去, 除去; 消灭, 毁灭 no wonder 难得, 怪不得
in a word 总而言之
in other words 换句话说, 也就是说 keep one’s word 守信用
word for word 逐字地
at work 在工作, 忙于
out of work 失业
work out 解决, 算出; 设计出, 制定出 work up 引起, 激起; 逐渐上升, 向上爬 in the world 到底, 究竟
at (the) worst 在最坏的情况下 write off 报废, 勾销, 注销
go wrong 发生故障, 出毛病 Y
and yet 可是, 然而
as yet 到目前为止, 到那时为止
范文五:英语单词结构
1. welcome to sp欢迎到某地
Eg. Welcome to China.
2. What’ s the matter with sb./ sth?
出什么毛病了?
Eg. What’ s the matter with your watch?
3. be different from 与 ---不同
Eg. The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing. 4. be the same as 与 …… 相同
Eg. His trousers are the same as mine.
5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
Eg. Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
6. want to do sth. 想做某事
Eg. I want to go to school.
7. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
Eg. I want my son to go to school.
8. what to do做什么
Eg. We don’ t know what to do next.
9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Eg. Let him enter the room.
10. let sb. not do sth. 让某人不做某人
Eg. Let him not stand in the rain.
11. why don’ t you do sth?
怎么不做某事呢? =
Eg. Why don’ t you play football with us?
12. why not do sth.? 怎么不做某事呢?
Eg. Why not play football with us?
13. make sb. sth. 为某人制造某物 =
Eg. My father made me a kite.
14. make sth for sb. 为某人制造某物
Eg. My father made a kite for me.
15. What … mean by … ?
做 …… 是什么意思?
Eg. What do you mean by doing that?
16. like doing sth. 喜爱做某事
Eg. Jim likes swimming.
17. like to do sth.喜爱做某事
Eg. He doesn’ t like to swim now.
18. feel like doing sth. 想做某事
Eg. I feel like eating bananas.
19. would like to do sth. 愿意做某事
Eg. Would you like to go rowing with me?
20. would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事 Eg. I’ d like you to stay with me tonight.
21. make sb. do sth. 逼使某人做某事
Eg. His brother often makes him stay in the sun. 22. let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
Eg. Let me sing a song for you.
23. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Eg. You shouldn’ t have the students work so hard.
24. be far from sp离某地远
Eg. His school is far from his home.
25. be near to sp离某地近
Eg. The hospital is near to the post office.
26. be good at sth./doing sth.
擅长某事 /做某事
Eg. We are good at English.
They are good at boating.
27. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
某人花多少时间做某事
Eg. It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes. 28. sb. spends some time/money (in ) doing sth.
某人花多少时间做某事
Eg. I spent twenty years in writing the novel.
29. sb. spends some time/money on sth.
某事花了某人多少时间 /金钱
Eg. Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
30. sth. costs sb. some money.
某物花了某人多少钱
Eg. The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
31. sb. pays some money for sth.
某人为某物付了多少钱
Eg. Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
32. begin/start with sth. 开始做某事
Eg. The started the meeting with a song.
33. be going to do sth. 打算做某事
Eg. We are going to study in Japan.
34. call A B叫 A B
Eg. They called the village Gumtree.
35. thank sb. for sth./doing sth.
感谢某人做某事
Eg. Thank you for your help.
Thank you for helping me.
36. What …… for? 为什么
Eg. What do you learn English for?
37. How/ what about doing sth.?
做某事怎么样?
Eg. How about going fishing?
38. S +be+ the+最高级 +of/in短语 =
Eg. Lucy is the tallest in her class.
39. S + be +比较级 +than any other + n.
Eg. Lucy is taller than any other student in her class. 40. have to do sth.不得不做某事
Eg. I have to go home now.
41. had better do sth. 最好做某事
Eg. You’ d better study hard at English.
42. had better not do sth. 最好别做某事
Eg. You’ d better not stay up.
43. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg. Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
44. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
Eg. He usually helps me learn English.
45. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg. I sometimes help my mother with the housework.
46. make it +时间把时间定在几点
Eg. Let’ s make it 8:30.
47. take sb. to sp带某人到某地
Eg. Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday. 49. have nothing to do (with sb)
与某人没有关系
Eg. That has nothing to do with me.
50. 主语 + don’ t think + 从句
认为 …… 不 ……
Eg. I don’ t think it will rain tomorrow.
51. It’ s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样
Eg. It is lucky for you to go to London. 52. How + adj/ adv + 主 + 谓!多么 …… 啊! Eg. How beautiful the flower is!
53. what + a/an + adj + [ ] + 主 + 谓! Eg. What an beautiful flower it is!
54. What + adj+ pl./[u] +主 + 谓!
Eg. What bad weather it is today!
55. find it + adj+ to do sth. 发现做某事如何 Eg. I find it hard to speak English well! 56. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
Eg. They often ask me for money.
57. need to do sth. 需要做某事
Eg. You need to study hard.
58. need sth需要某物
Eg. I don’ t need your money.
59. use A to do B用 A 来做 B
Eg. We use pens to write.
60. show sb. Sth给某人看某物 =
Eg. Please show me the map.
61.show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
Eg. Please show the map to me.
62. pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人 =
Eg. Pass me the cup of tea.
63. pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
Eg. Pass the cup of tea to me.
64. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 =
Eg. Mother bought me a bike.
65. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
Eg. Mother bought a bike for me.
66.give sb. sth把某物给某人 =
Eg. Jim gave me an English dictionary.
67. give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
Eg. Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
68. get to sp达到某地 =
Eg. I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
69. arrive at /in sp 达到某地 =
Eg. I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st. 70. reach sp达到某地
Eg. I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
71. hope to do sth.希望某人做某事
Eg. I hope to see you soon.
72. there is sth. wrong with sth./sb. 某物出设么毛病了 = Eg. There is something wrong my car.
73. sth. is wrong with ……
某物出设么毛病了
Eg. Something is wrong with my car.
74. How do you like sth?
你认为 …… 怎么样? =
Eg. How do you like Beijing?
75.What do you think of sth.?
你认为 …… 怎么样?
Eg. What do you think of Beijing?
76. start doing sth. 开始做某事
Eg. I started learning English in 1983.
77. start to do sth.开始做某事
Eg. I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.
78.finish doing sth. 完成作某事
Eg. I finished cleaning my car just now.
79. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Eg. They all enjoy living and working in China.
80.What / when / where / who / something / anything / nothing else …… 别的什么 /何时 /何地 /谁 ……
Eg. What else do you want to buy?
Where else have you gone?
Who else have you played with?
I have nothing else to tell you.
Would you like something else?
81. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事了
Eg. I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room.
82. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事了
Eg. I forgot to turn off the lights.Could you go back and shut the off? 83. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事了
Eg. I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.
84. remember to do sth. 记住做某事
Eg. Remember to bring me some money. I’ ve run out of it.
85.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
Eg. He stopped to talk with Mary when she enter the office.
86. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
Eg. The students stopped talking when the teachet came in.
87. watch/see/hear sb. do sth.
观看 /看见 /听见某人做某事
Eg. I saw you pick an apple just now.
88. watch/see/hear sb. doing sth.
观看 /看见 /听见某人在做某事
Eg. I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground last Sunday.
89. go on doing sth. 继续作谋事
Eg. He went on reading after a short rest.
90.go on to do sth. 继续作谋事
Eg. He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.
91. go on with sth. 继续某事
Eg. He went on with his work after a short rest.
92. say hello/goodbye to sb. 向某人告别
Eg.I came to say good-bye to you.
93. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
Eg. They are busy planting trees on the hill.
94. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣
Eg. English is very interesting. We are all interested in it. 95. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
Eg. Mother told me to go shopping with her.
96. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
Eg. Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
97. call/ring sb. up给某人打电话
Eg. I will call you up tommow.
98. be ready to do sth. 准备做某事
Eg. We are ready to have lunch.
99. go doing sth. 去做某事
Eg. Let’ s go fishing.
100. prefer A/doing A to B/doing B 喜欢 A/做 A 而非 B/做 B Eg. Lucy prefers English to French.
I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.