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范文一：中国特色双元制教育
实训工厂代替实训基地，实现中国特色的双元制教育模式
刘忠彬， 靳志华
（曲阳县职业技术教育中心，河北 保定 073100） 摘要：本文探索了一种具有中国特色的双元制教育模式，介绍了这种模式在机械加工专业的实践经验，总结了这种办学模式的特点和规律。
关键词：双元制；校企合作；实训基地；实训工厂
一、当前我国职业教育面临的困境及分析
职业教育不但要为国家产业体系建设培养技能人才，实现产业振兴的国家战略，而且关系到亿万学子充分就业，亿万家庭生活幸福。所以“大力发展职业教育，既是当务之急，又是长远大计”[1]。
德国双元制被世界上公认为非常成功的办学模式，为德国雄厚的工业基础提供了可靠的人力资源保障，它的核心思想是“学习过程和工作过程尽可能紧密结合”[2]。双元制教育模式需要行业主管部门、学校、企业等多个机构统一规划，严密组织，密切合作，以企业需求为导向，为学生创造一个完整的工作环境。它彻底实现了课堂教学和企业操作培训的结合。近年来该模式被我国职教界不断研究、探讨、借鉴和引用。但是双元制教育模式实施起来非常复杂，资金投入也非常多，灵活性不足，不适应当前我国实情。
我国职业教育虽然无法照搬德国的经验，但是在“学习过程和工作过程尽可能紧密结合”这一核心思想上是一致的。近几年在国家支持下很多职校建设了实训基地，为学生提供了实训条件，大大缩小了课堂教学和实际生产的距离，显著提高了学生的技能，是当前职业教育不可或缺的重要环节。但是这种方法具有先天的不足，实训基地的建设目标是
为学生提供训练环境而不是实际的生产环境，实训基地和学生就业后面临的工作环境有很大差距，无法实现学习过程和工作过程深度紧密结合。主要表现在：第一，实验设备不完善，实验材料不充分。实训基地许多设备功能不全，没有工艺和精度的保障，达不到产品质量和技术要求。实验材料短缺，因为用真实的工业原材料让学生练习成本很高，为节省成本，往往用木棒和塑料代替钢材。学生只能学一些最简单，最基本的东西，与生产实际要求有很大差距；第二，教师专业技能水平不高，实战经验不足，没有企业工作经历。教学过程与生产过程结合存在很大困难；第三，学生在实训中以完成教学课题为主，不是真实的产品生产过程，没有严格的技术要求和完整的企业操作规范，感受不到真实的生产环境和工厂的管理制度，学生的职业素质塑造不充分。
校企合作是对实训基地的丰富和发展，是当前国家大力提倡，地方职校积极实践的办学模式。企业深度参与人才培养，为学生提供了具备工作环境的实训条件[3]，不但能够提高学生的职业素养，也是加强职业教育与用人单位对接的关键举措。但是这种办学模式也面临诸多困难：第一，学校和企业是两个平行主体，责、权、利定位不清，不易管理，尤其是顶岗实习过程中事故责任难以界定，学校和企业互相推诿，学生权益受到威胁；第二，学校以育人为根本，企业以营利为目的。在经济利益的驱使下，企业往往会简化实训条件、压缩实训内容，把学生变成廉价劳动力，影响了实训效果；第三，学校教师和企业职员在体制上和管理上相互独立，难于协调一致，造成理论教学和实训过程分离，不利于学习过程和工作过程紧密结合。因此，虽然校企合作模式具有诸多优点，但是面临深层次矛盾，影响办学质量。
二、我校以机械加工专业为例，进行了实训工厂的探索，收到很好的效果
我校周边具有汽车，建筑机械，新能源等产业集群，带动了很多相关零部件配套企业的发展。这些企业也是我校学生未来的主要就业去向。根据当地产业状况，我校建立了自己的实训工厂。
（1）硬件设施
根据实训工厂产品加工的要求，建有1000平米钢结构的生产车间，配备不同工种和不同型号的生产设备80余台套，涉及车、铣、钻、钳、电、焊、刨、维修八个工种，以及各种检验测量工具100余套，基本具备了零部件生产的能力。
（2）人员配置
实训工厂按企业标准配备厂长、车间主任，生产指导员、安全人员、业务人员以及生产辅助人员等，相关人员都应具有丰富的企业工作经验。
（3）组织管理
实训工厂的厂长负责管理实训全面工作，同时兼任学校的副校长，协调理论教学和生产教学的配合。按照工厂的生产要求，结合产品结构，制定实施相应的安全、质量、生产等管理制度，以及职业道德规范和劳动纪律。对学生的生产技能和生产行为进行量化考核，作为改进教学和学生评定的依据。
（4）实施过程
整个教学过程有六个关键环节组成，每个环节有具体的功能目标和实施细则，各环节互相配合，协调一致，完成整个教学过程。
实施过程流程图：
（5）实训效果及问题
我校两个机械加工班采用了实训工厂教学模式，从实训效果看，加强了专业对学生的吸引力，激发了学生学习兴趣，大大提高了学生掌握技能的速度和水平。入学仅一学期，每名学生平均生产不同技术要求的零件200多个，做到能独立操作设备，正确使用量具，熟练加工轴类、套类、螺纹类机械零件。在河北省2011年河北省中等职业学校学生技能大赛中，我校六名学生仅凭一学期的实训经验就荣获了集体三等奖。
同时在生产实践中发现10%的学生不适合从事该行业工作，在学生自愿的情况下转到其它专业学习，及早发现了问题，规避了就业风险。许多机械加工企业提出招聘要求，目前学生与就业岗位比例达到1：5。
从实践中也发现，实训工长的管理人员不能纳入教育编制，享受不到教师的待遇，影响了工作积极性和稳定性，是个亟待解决的问题。
三、实训工厂是具有中国特色的双元制教学模式
实训工厂是在当前国情条件下探索的办学模式，它与校企合作和双元制教学模式既有相似之处，也有明显的区别，具备自己的鲜明特征。主要体现在以下几方面：
（1）权属规范，责任明确
我们建设的实训工厂是以服务职业教育为根本目地的教学设施，由学校组建，所有权归属学校。工厂的配置，运营和管理完全服务于教学目标的实现。学校负责实训工厂的管理工作，不会受到其他因素的干扰，教学秩序稳定，教学目标容易达到，学生权益和安全得到有效保障。
（2）产学结合，以产促学
这种学校办厂的模式自然的将学习过程和工作过程相互深度融合，使学生的理论学习和工作实践紧密联系，为学生成才提供了实战环境，加快了人才培养的速度，其核心思想在本质上类似于德国的双元制。工厂的生产活动服务于培养学生这一根本目的，没有盈利任务，不会受到商业环境的影响，保证了教学质量的稳步提高。
（3）职位完善，素质全面
学生在真实的工厂环境下实训，能在加工、质检、装配、安检、管理等多种工作职位上实训。团队精神、合作能力、技术水平、质量意识、安全意识、表达能力等多方面得到培养和锻炼，职业素养大大提高。
（4）面向市场，技术先进
我国装备制造业发展迅速，规模位居世界前列，其中零部件生产企业有几万家。学校要结合当地发展状况和经济结构，建立具有加工产品能力的实训工厂，由企业提供原材料，回收产品，学校对企业收取适当的加工费。这种模式运营简单，没有市场风险，既节约了学校的原材料费用，又降低了企业的生产成本，双方互利，各取所需，容易达成合作。而且工厂生产的产品必须符合市场需求，加工技术和设备紧跟技术发展潮流，学生在这样的环境下经过实战，毕业后完全有能力直接上岗工作。
实训工厂模式，体现了德国双元制的精髓，真正实现了学习工程和工作过程的紧密结合，摒弃了德国双元制的复杂性，规避了校企合作中不易管理的难题，是一种稳定有效的办学模式。这种模式破解了我国职业教育实习不足的难题，提高了学校的办学质量和声誉。学生毕业后很容易和企业对接，减少了学生就业的盲目性，也为企业选才和入职培训节
约了成本。这种模式实现了招生、教学、就业的良性互动，对我国职业教育的改革和发展具有深远的意义。
参考文献：
[1]大力发展中国特色的职业教育——**总理在全国职业教育工作会议上的讲话.新华社2005年11月17日.
[2] 姜大源.德国职业教育的最新改革与发展动态[J].中国职业技术教育，2010（2）.
[3] 王贵兰.“校企合一”生产性实训基地建设探索[J].中国职业技术教育，2010（8）.
范文二：中国古代政治制知识
第一课 夏商西周的政治制度
(一)夏商政治
1. 王位世袭制
2. 王权具有 神秘 色彩 , 大事通过 占卜 决定
3. 中央设 相、卿、士 掌管政务,地方封 侯 和 伯
(二)分封制
1. 内容:
(1)对象 :王族、功臣、先代贵族;
(2)义务 :服从命令、镇守疆土、随从作战、交纳贡赋和朝觐述职
(3) 权利:在自己封疆内权力相对独立, 可以设置官员、 建立武装、 征派赋役、 对卿大夫实行再分封。 2. 作用 :①加强周天子对地方的统治,有利于稳定当时的政治秩序;有利于周朝开发边远地区,扩大 统治区域,西周成为强国; . ②但后来出现了诸侯争霸战争,王室衰弱,分封制逐渐瓦解
3. 特点:①分封以王室为主②权利与义务相结合③地方相对独立④层层分封,等级森严
※ 瓦解 原因: A、诸侯有诸多大权,具有相对的独立性,部分诸侯国实力不断的增强。
B 、随着生产力的发展,井田制瓦解(根本原因)
(三)宗法制
1. 含义:商周时期用父系血缘关系亲疏维系统治阶级内部政治经济秩序的制度(解决权力地位、土地 财产继承上的矛盾)
2. 特点 :①嫡长子继承制 ②大宗率领小宗,小宗必须服从大宗。
3. 作用 :
①形成了森严的等级,保证了贵族在政治上的 垄断和特权 地位 ,
②有利于统治集团内部的稳定与团结。
③宗法制对我国社会有 深远影响:
消极:成为数千年封建统治者享受特权的凭借 ,传宗接代,重男轻女的思想,任人唯亲,裙带关 系?? 不利于当今的公平平等、民主法制建设
积极:形成了认祖归宗思想,构成了中华民族强大的凝聚力,孝顺长辈、恪守孝道?有利于社会 和谐合作
(五)中国早期政治制度的特点
1. 王权具有神秘色彩 2.地方相对独立,周王权力尚未高度集中 3. 以血缘为纽带,以宗法制为核心,带有浓厚的部族色彩。 4.等级森严(王-侯-卿-士)
第二课 中央集权制度的形成
※概念解析 :专制主义中央集权制度(专制主义和中央集权)
(1)专制主义:是就中央决策而言的,具体指皇帝个人的专权独裁,集国家最高权力于一身,从决策 至行使军权、财权都具有独断性和随意性,其特点一是君主个人专断独揽,特点二是大小官僚作为君 权代表对百姓实行专断独裁。
(2) 中央集权:是就中央与地方的关系而言的, 具体指地方服从中央。 其特点一是中央严格控制地方, 二是中央为控制地方重视对地方官员的任用和监督。
(一)皇帝制(核心)
1. 内容:最高统治者称皇帝。全国的政治、经济、军事等一切大权,都由皇帝总揽。
2. 特征:皇帝独尊、皇权至上、皇位世袭
3. 评价 :中国古代专制制度的重要特证,是封建君主专制中央集权的核心
(二)中央官制-三公九卿制
奏章 ,下达皇帝 诏令 ,并负责 监察 百
①三公之间相互牵制,有利于加强君主专制
②三公与诸卿之间相互配合,进行朝议,在一定程度上减少了决策失误
③奠定了专制集权下中央官制的基础,对后世影响深远
(三)地方行政制度——郡县制
1. 背景:①秦统一后,统治区域空前扩大 ②接受分封制的弊端
2. 内容:
①在全国范围内废除分封制,推行郡县制。把全国分为 36
郡,由中央政府直接管辖。郡下设县。 ②郡守县令由皇帝直接任命 ③郡守定期向丞相述职
3. 评价:
①中央加强了地方的控制和管理(中央集权),巩固国家统一,有利于社会稳定。
②奠定了中央集权制度下地方制度的基础,是中国古代国家制度的一大进步,对后世影响深远
范文三：中国特色政治词汇
SECTION I:
CHINA ’ S POLITICS 中国特色政治词汇
“ 一国两制 ” “One Country, Two Systems”
“ 一中一台 ”
“ 两个中国 ”
(两岸) 直接三通 Three Direct Links (Mail, Air And Shipping Services And Trade) 两千三百万台湾同胞 23 Million Taiwan Compatriots
两会 (人大,政协 ) Two Conferences (Npc And Cppcc)
“ 三个代表 ” “ Three Represents”
“ 三个代表 ” 重要思想 The Important Thought Of Three Represents
三八红旗手 Woman Pace-Setter
三大历史任务 The Three Major Historical Tasks
三个有利于 Three Favorables
三农问题 “ Agriculture, Countryside And Farmer” Issues
《中美三个联合公报》 The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués
四个现代化(农、工、国防、科技) Four Modernizations
四项基本原则 Four Cardinal Principles
四中全会 The Fourth Plenary Session
和平共处五项原则 The Five Principles Of Peaceful Coexistence
八项主张 The Eight-Point Proposal
“ 八个坚持、八个反对 ”
“ 八七 ” 扶贫攻坚计划 The Seven-Year Program To Help 80 Million People Out Of Poverty “ 九五 ” 计划 The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000)
“ 十五 ” 计划 The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005)
第十五届中央委员会 the 15th central committee of the communist party of china (CPC) 十六大 16th Party Congress
十一届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session Of The Eleventh Central Committee “ 南南合作 ” “ South -South Cooperation”
“ 南北对话 ” “ North-South Dialog”
“ ** ” , 台湾独立
“引进来”和“走出去”政策 “ Bring In
爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages
爱国统一战线 patriotic united front
爱国主义精神 patriotism
安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment
昂扬向上的精神状态 an enterprising spirit
澳门 Macao 澳门特别行政区同胞 our compatriots in the Macao SAR
霸权主义 hegemonism
百花齐放 a hundred flowers blossom
百家争鸣 a hundred schools of thought contend
边疆稳定 the stability in border areas
人大常委会 the standing committees
边远地区 remote areas
波澜壮阔 a magnificent upsurge
博大精深 extensive and profound
不变质 never degenerating
不断提高人民生活水平 constantly better people's lives
不公正不合理 unfair and irrational
不合时宜的观念的束缚 shackles of the outdated notions
不竭动力 an inexhaustible motive force
不可战胜 invincible
不可阻挡的历史潮流 an irresistible trend of history
不迷失方向 lose our bearings
不平衡 uneven
不平坦的道路 a tortuous course
不全面的 not all-inclusive
采取果断措施 take resolute measures
参政议政 participation in and deliberation of state affairs
长期共存 long-term coexistence
长期社会安定团结 long-term social stability and solidarity
长治久安 long-term peace and order
朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层 energetic and promising leadership 诚实守信 honesty
充分调动和凝聚 fully mobilize and rally
初步建立 take shape initially
传统安全威胁 traditional threats to security
创造力、凝聚力和战斗力 creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 辞职制 system of resignation
从我国国情出发 proceed from our national conditions
促进共同发展 promote common development
促进社会全面进步 promote all-round social progress
担当重任 assuming heavy responsibilities
当代 the contemporary era
当家作主 masters of the country
当家作主的愿望 the wish to be the masters of our country
党代会 congress of party representatives
党的骨干力量 backbone of the party
党的基本理论、路线和纲领 the party's basic theory, line and program 党的建设 party building
党的先进性 party's progressiveness
党和国家前途命运 the destiny of the party and state
党和国家事业 the cause of the party and state
**理论 Deng Xiaoping theory
**同志逝世 the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping
第六位 the sixth place
第一生产力 the primary productive force
电子政务 E-government
调动积极性 mobilize the initiative
对等的政治实体 equal political entities
对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解 erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism 多层次 multi-tiered
多党合作 multiparty cooperation
多元化 diversify
多元社会 pluralistic society
多种力量 diverse forces
多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement
法制观念 awareness of law
法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system
法治国家 a country under the rule of law
繁荣、稳定和发展 prosperity, stability and development
反对 “ ** ” fight against
反对分裂 oppose separation
反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government
防止 guard against
非传统安全威胁 non-traditional threats to security
分裂活动 splitting activities
奋斗目标和任务 the objectives and tasks
丰富民主形式 develop diverse forms of democracy
风浪 , 考验 trials and tribulations
服务大局 serve the overall interests
富强民主文明 a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced
腹地 hinterland
改革发展稳定 reform, development and stability
改革开放 reform and opening-up
肝胆相照 treating each other with all sincerity
高度团结统一 the high degree of unity and solidarity
高度自治 a high degree of autonomy
高举**理论伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory
高尚的品格 lofty character
高素质的领导干部队伍 high-caliber leading cadres
搁置某些政治争议 shelve certain political disputes
革命化 more revolutionary
革命老区 old revolutionary base areas
各地各部门 all localities and departments
各界爱国人士 patriots from all walks of life
各界人士 personages of all circles
各尽其能、各得其所又和谐相处 well positioned, do their best and live in harmony
各民主党派 the democratic parties
各人民团体 people's organizations
各种分裂图谋 attempts to split the country
根本利益 fundamental interests
工人 , 农民 workers and farmers
工人阶级队伍 the working class in china
工商联 federations of industry
公民权利、自由 civil rights / civil liberties
公民政治参与 citizens' participation in political affairs
公民职责 civic duty
公平和正义 fairness and justice
公务员 civil servants
公务员制度 system of public servants
公正透明 fairness and transparency
公职人员 the public servants
巩固和提高 to consolidate and uplift
顾全大局 bear in mind the overall interests
官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work
贯彻 implement
光辉史册的一页 a glorious page in the annals
光明和进步 brightness and progress
光荣的爱国主义传统 a glorious patriotic tradition
广阔的发展空间 broad space for development
广纳群贤 gather large numbers of talented people
国防 national defense
国防实力 national defense capabilities
国际局势风云变幻 a highly volatile international situation
国际性组织 international organizations
国家的主权和安全 state sovereignty and security
国家关系 state-to-state relations
国人民的共同愿望 common aspirations of all peoples
国土资源综合整治 comprehensive improvement of land and resources 国务院 State Council
过渡期 transition, transitional period
捍卫 safeguard
和平,正义,进步 peace, justice and progress
和平统一 peaceful reunification
和平统一谈判 negotiations on peaceful reunification
和平与发展 peace and development
和谐并存 harmonious coexistence
很不平凡的历程 an extraordinary course
弘扬 carry forward
弘扬和培育民族精神 carry forward and cultivate the national spirit 弘扬时代主旋律 highlight the themes of the times
化解歧见 iron out differences
恢复两岸对话 resume the cross-straits dialogue
积极性和创造性 initiative and creativity
基本行为准则 basic code of conduct
基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level
基础设施工程 infrastructure projects
激励和保障机制 an incentive and guarantee mechanism
集体主义 collectivism
集中智慧和力量 pool the wisdom and strength
计划生育 family planning
计划生育基本国策 the basic state policies of family planning
继往开来 carry forward our cause into the future
加快推进社会主义现代化 speed up socialist modernization
加强和改进党的作风建设 the improvement of the party's work style 加入世贸 accession /entrance / entry to WTO
家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system
坚持统一 persist in reunification
坚定不移 no wavering
坚定地站 (在 )stand firm
坚强柱石 a staunch pillar
简政放权 streamline administration and delegate power
建设 (资源 ) 节约型社会 build a conservation-minded society
讲求实效 pursuing practical results
降低农业税税率 reduce agricultural tax rate
接续产业 alternative industries
解放思想 emancipating the mind
解决台湾问题 settlement of the question of Taiwan
解决香港问题和澳门问题 resolve the questions of Hong Kong and Macao 戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience
紧密团结在党中央周围 rally closely around the party central committee 经受 withstand
精神文明建设 spiritual civilization
精神支撑 moral kingpin
井然有序 in an orderly way/ fashion
居安思危 stay prepared against adversities in times of peace
居民生活质量 quality of life of the residents
居委会 neighborhood committee
巨大的优越性 great superiority
决策的随意性 arbitrary decision-making
决策机制 decision-making mechanism
军队建设 army building
军队现代化 modernization of the army
军民团结 solidarity between the army and the people
军人和干部 servicemen and cadres
军政团结 solidarity between the army and the government
开创新局面 create a new situation
开发式扶贫 development-oriented poverty relief
开局良好 a good start
开拓创新 blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit
开展对话 to conduct dialogue
抗风险能力 vigilance against risks
科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development
克服不利影响 overcame the adverse effects
空前巨大的困难和压力 unprecedented difficulties and pressure 恐怖主义危害 scourge of terrorism
宽领域 wide-ranging
困难群众 people in straitened circumstances
扩大交流交往 expand mutual contacts and exchanges
来之不易的成绩 hard-won achievements
老工业基地 old industrial bases
老三届 junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968 理论创新 theoretical innovation
力量 force
力量之源 the source of its (the party’ s) strength
历史性跨越 a historic leap
历史性突破 historic breakthrough
立党之本 the foundation for building our party
连续性和稳定性 consistency and stability
廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency
廉政建设 build a clean and honest government
粮食流通体制 grain distribution system
两岸关系 cross-straits relations
两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations
领导方式和执政方式 way of leadership and governance 领土完整 territorial integrity
路线 the line
落后于时代 fall behind the times
马克思列宁主义 Marxism Leninism
马克思主义基本原理 the basic tenets of Marxism
马克思主义执政党 a Marxist ruling party
**思想 Mao Zedong thought
迷信 superstition
民兵 the militia
民进党 Democratic Progressive Party
民生 people's livelihood
民主法制 democracy and the legal system
民主管理 democratic management
民主集中制 democratic centralism
民主监督 democratic supervision
民主监督 democratic supervision
民主决策 democratic decision-making
民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐 democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony 民主选举 democratic elections
民主制度 the systems of democracy
民族、宗教事务 ethnic, religious affairs
民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力 vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation
民族进步 the progress of a nation
民族精神 national spirit
民族矛盾 ethnic contradictions
民族凝聚力 the cohesion of the nation
民族区域自治 regional autonomy of ethnic minorities
民族区域自治制度 system of regional ethnic autonomy
民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission
民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture
民族优越感 ethnocentrism
模糊战略 indistinct strategy
睦邻友好 good-neighborly relationship
内政外交国防 domestic and foreign affairs and national defense
能上能下 prepared for both promotion and demotion
农村扶贫开发 to alleviate rural poverty through development
农村税费改革 reform of rural taxes and administrative charges
农业、农村和农民问题 problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers
农业和农村工作 agriculture and rural work
农业基础地位 agriculture as the foundation of the economy
弄虚作假 falsification
培养人才 personnel training
贫困群众 people in financial difficulties
平稳过渡 the smooth transition of power
铺张浪费 extravagance and waste
普选制 general election system
前提 prerequisite
欠发达地区 less developed areas
强化功能 intensify functions
强强联手 i win -win co-operation
强权政治 power politics
侨胞 overseas Chinese
侨务工作 overseas Chinese affairs
切积极因素 all positive factors
勤劳勇敢 industry and courage
求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences
区域性组织 regional organizations
曲折的道路 tortuous road
取长补短 draw upon one another's strong points
取得丰硕成果 yield substantial results
取得了巨大成就 scored tremendous achievements
取消农业特产税 repeal taxes on special agricultural products
全党 all the party members; whole party
全党集体智慧的结晶 the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom
全方位 all-dimensional
全国各族人民 the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country 全国人大代表 deputy to the National People's Congress
全国政协 the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 全会 plenary sessions
全面建设小康社会 build a well-off society in an all-round way; building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
全面展开 in full swing
权责脱节 divorce between powers and responsibilities
群众 the general public
人大 People's Congresses人大代表 NPC member人大精神 the spirit of the congress
人尽其才 put sb. to the best use
人力资源优势得到充分发挥 a full display of advantages in human resources
人民的物质文化需要 material and cultural needs of the people
人民民主专政 the people's democratic dictatorship
人民生活更加殷实 upgrade the texture of life for the people
人民团体 mass organizations
人民政协 the Chinese people's political consultative conference (CPPCC)
人心向背 the trend of popular sentiment人员往来 personnel exchanges人员臃肿 overstaffing 任期制 system of fixed tenures
日益增长 ever-growing
荣辱与共 sharing weal and woe
三权分立 separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers
少数民族 ethnic minorities少数民族聚居区 areas inhabited by ethnic minorities
社会保障体系 social security system
社会保障体系比较健全 a fairly sound social security system
社会各方面 all quarters of the society
社会各阶层人们 the people of all social strata
社会管理 social administration社会科学 social sciences
社会可承受的程度 the sustainability of the general public
社会其他阶层人们 members of other social strata
社会治安 public order
社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of Socialism
社会主义法制 Socialist legal system
社会主义民主政治 Socialist democracy
社会主义事业 Socialist cause
深刻阐述 , 详细说明 expound
审视自己 self-examination
生存和发展 survival and development生活方式 , 生活作风 life style
胜利前进 forge ahead triumphantly
省、市(地)两级地方政府 the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments
十五计划《纲要》 outline for the tenth five-year
时代潮流的前头 forefront of the times时代的主题 themes of our era
实事求是 seek truth from facts
实现推进现代化建设 to propel the modernization drive
始终贯彻 persistent implementation
世界观 world outlook
事业 undertakings 事业兴衰 the success of our cause
适时适度 at the proper time and to an appropriate degree
手足兄弟 brothers and sisters of the same blood
顺应时代潮流 conform to the trend of the times
思想道德建设 ideological and moral education
诉讼程序 judicial proceedings
台湾当局 the Taiwan authorities台湾分裂势力 Taiwan separatist forces
台湾海峡 Taiwan straits台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots台湾问题 the Taiwan question 贪污腐败 corruption
提高竞争力 sharpen the competitive edge
同心同德,艰苦奋斗 work hard with one heart and one mind
统一、开放、竞争、有序 unified, open, competitive and orderly
团结和带领 unite with and lead (sb.)团结统一 unity and solidarity
推动社会全面进步 speed up all-round social progress
推进 propel 推进西部大开发 advance the development of the western region
妥善处理各方面的利益关系 properly balance the interests of all quarters
拓宽领域 broaden the fields of endeavor
完成祖国统一 to achieve national reunification
完全地实现祖国的统一 the complete realization of the reunification of the motherland 完善自己 self-improvement
万众一心 work with one heart and one mind
微调 fine-tuning
违法必究 law-breakers must be prosecuted
唯一标准 the sole criterion
维护世界和平与促进共同发展 to safeguard world peace and promote common development 卫生体育事业 health and sports undertakings
温饱工程 adequate food and clothing program
稳步推进 steady progress
我国的国际地位 china's international standing
我国的跨世纪发展 china's cross-century development
我国综合国力 china's overall national strength
无党派人士 personages without party affiliation
五年内取消农业税 rescind agricultural taxes in five years
武警 the armed police
务实 pragmatic
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization
吸引力和感召力 attraction and appeal
先发制人战略 preemptive strategy
先富起来的人们 people who have become rich first
现代化建设 modernization drive
宪法 the constitution
宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution
相对优势 comparative advantages
相辅相成 complement each other
香港、澳门特别行政区 Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions
香港和澳门回归祖国 the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland
香港特别行政区同胞 our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR
消除文盲 eliminate illiteracy
小康社会 a well-off society
小康水平 a well-off standard
新的里程碑 a new milestone
新民主主义 new democracy
行使当家作主的权利 exercise their rights as the masters of the country
行使主权 the exercise of sovereignty
行政管理体制改革 administrative restructuring
形成观念 foster notions
形式主义 formalism
形势逼人 pressing situation
宣传舆论工作 media and publicity work
严重曲折 serious setbacks
严重政治风波 serious political disturbances
一个中国原则 the one-china principle
一贯主张 consistent position
一起抓 place equal emphasis on
一些党的领导干部 some leading cadres in our party
依法治国 rule (run) the country by law
以德治国 rule (run) the country by virtue
以爱国主义为核心 centering on patriotism
以**同志为核心的中共中央委员会 CCCP with Comrade Hu Jintao at the core 意识形态领域 realm of ideology
迎难而上 brave difficulties
拥军 support the army
(拥军 ) 优属 give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs 拥政 support the government
永享太平 enjoy a lasting peace
永远不变的军魂 the eternal soul of the army
用人失察责任追究 accountability for neglect of supervisory duty
用人失误责任追究 accountability for the use of the wrong person
优化结构 optimize structure
优化升级 optimize and upgrade
有法必依 the laws observed
有法可依 there are laws to go by
舆论监督 supervisory function of the media
与人民群众共命运 shares weal and woe with the people
与时代发展同步伐 advances with the times
与时俱进 keep pace with the times
源远流长 with a long h story behind it
在曲折中发展 developing amidst twists and turns
增加了解 increase understanding
增强忧患意识 be mindful of potential danger
战略部署 strategic plan
战略性调整 strategic adjustment
整顿和规范 to be rectified and standardized
正规化 regularized
政府干预 government intervention
政府机构 government organs; government institutions
政府特殊津贴 special government allowance
政府职能 government functions
政事分开 separating the functions of government from those of institutions 政通人和 (have) a good government and a united people
政协委员会 CPPCC committees
政治、经济领域 the political and economic spheres
政治经济旧秩序 old political and economic order
政治经济新秩序 new political and economic order
政治局 politburo
政治局面 political situation
政治体制 political restructuring
政治协商 political consultation
政治协商制度 political consultation system
支撑 kingpin
知识分子 intellectuals
知识化 (be ) better educated
执法必严 the laws strictly enforced
执政为民 exercise the state power in the interest of the people
执政之基 the cornerstone for its (the party’ s) governance
直辖市 municipality directly under the Central Government
职能交叉 overlapping functions
指导思想 guiding ideology
制定 “ 十五 ” 计划 the formulation of the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) 制度创新 institutional innovation
治党治国治军 running the party, state and army
智力支持 intellectual support
中共中央 the CPC central committee
中共中央委员会 CCCP (Central Committee of Communist Party)
中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 the sixteenth national congress of the CPC
中国特色社会主义事业 Socialism with Chinese characteristics
中华儿女 all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation
中华民族的伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 中华文明 the Chinese civilization
中西部地区 c entral and western regions
中央纪委 central commission for discipline inspection of the CPC 中央统战部 united front work department of CPC central committee 中央委员会 the central committee
中央政府 the central government
忠诚卫士 loyal guards
重大历史关头 crucial historical juncture
重要进展 significant headway
主观主义和形而上学的桎梏 fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity
主要矛盾 the principal contradiction
专家咨询制度 expert consulting system
专业化 more professionally competent
转变步伐 the pace of change
庄严使命 a grand mission
资源配置 the allocation of resources
自强不息 ceaseless self-improvement
自治 self-governance
综合国力 overall national strength
总结自己的实践经验 review our experience gained in practice
走出一条新路子 blazing a new trail
走在前列 to spearhead
组织监督 organizational supervision
祖国 one ’ s home country; motherland
祖国统一 national reunification; reunification of the motherland
祖国统一大业 the great cause of national reunification
最广大人民 the overwhelming majority of the people
最广泛的 the broadest possible
范文四：CHINASPOLITICS中国特色政治词汇SECTIONI
CHINAS POLITICS中国特色政治词汇
1. SECTIONI:数字政策和专门词汇
“ 一国两制 ” “One Country, Two Systems”
“ 一中一台 ” “ One China,OneTaiwan”
“ 两个中国 ” “ Two Chinas”
(两岸)直接三通 Three Direct Links (Mail, Air And Shipping Services And Trade) 两千三百万台湾同胞 23Million Taiwan Compatriots
两会 (人大,政协 ) Two Conference s (Npc And Cppcc)
“ 三个代表 ” “Three Represents”
“ 三个代表 ” 重要思想 The Important Thought Of Three Represents
三八红旗手 Woman Pace-Setter
三大历史任务 The Three Major Historical Tasks
三个有利于 Three Favorables
三农问题 “Agriculture,CountrysideAndFarmer”Issues
《中美三个联合公报》 The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués
四个现代化(农、工、国防、科技) FourModernizations
四项基本原则 Four Cardinal Principles
四中全会 TheFourthPlenarySession
和平共处五项原则 The Five Principles Of Peaceful Coexistence
八项主张 The Eight-Point Proposal
“ 八个坚持、八个反对 ” “ Eight Do’ s ” And ” Eight Don’ ts ”
“ 八七 ” 扶贫攻坚计划 The Seven-Year Program To Help 80 Million People Out Of Poverty “ 九五 ” 计划 The Ninth Five-Year Plan(1996-2000)
“ 十五 ” 计划 The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)
第十五届中央委员会 the15thcentralcommitteeofthecommunistpartyofchina(CPC)
十六大 16thPartyCongress
十一届三中全会 TheThirdPlenarySessionOfTheEleventhCentralCommittee
“ 南南合作 ”“South -South Cooperation”
“ 南北对话 ”“North -SouthDialog”
“ ** ” 台湾独立 “ Taiwan Independence”
“ 引进来 ” 和 “ 走出去 ” 政策 “Bring In” And ” Going Out”
2. SECTION II: 常见特色词汇与表达
爱国民主人士
patriotic democratic personages
爱国统一战线
patriotic united front
爱国主义精神
patriotism
安居乐业
live and work in peace and contentment
昂扬向上的精神状态
an enterprising spirit
澳门
Macao
澳门特别行政区同胞
our compatriots in the Macao SAR 霸权主义
hegemonism
百花齐放
a hundred flowers blossom
百家争鸣
a hundred schools of thought contend 边疆稳定
the stability in border areas
人大常委会
the standing committees
边远地区
remote areas
波澜壮阔
a magnificent upsurge
博大精深
extensive and profound
不变质
never degenerating
不断提高人民生活水平
constantly better people’ s lives 不公正不合理
unfair and irrational
不合时宜的观念的束缚
shackles of the outdated notions 不竭动力
an inexhaustible motive force 不可战胜
invincible
不可阻挡的历史潮流
an irresistible trend of history 不迷失方向
lose our bearings
不平衡
uneven
不平坦的道路
a tortuous course
不全面的
not all-inclusive
采取果断措施
take resolute measures
参政议政
participation in and deliberation of state affairs 长期共存
long-term coexistence
长期社会安定团结
long-term social stability and solidarity 长治久安
long-term peace and order
朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层
energetic and promising leadership
诚实守信
honesty
充分调动和凝聚
fully mobilize and rally
初步建立
take shape initially
传统安全威胁
traditional threats to security
创造力、凝聚力和战斗力
creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 辞职制
system of resignation
从我国国情出发
proceed from our national conditions
促进共同发展
promote common development
促进社会全面进步
promote all-round social progress
担当重任
assuming heavy responsibilities
当代
the contemporary era
当家作主
masters of the country
当家作主的愿望
the wish to be the masters of our country 党代会
congress of party representatives
党的骨干力量
backbone of the party
党的基本理论、路线和纲领
the party’ s basic theory
, line and program
party building
党的先进性
party ’ s progressiveness
党和国家前途命运
the destiny of the party and state
党和国家事业
the cause of the party and state
**理论
Deng Xiaoping theory
**同志逝世
the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping
第六位
the sixth place
第一生产力
the primary productive force
电子政务
E-government
调动积极性
mobilize the initiative
对等的政治实体
equal political entities
对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解 erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism 多层次
multi-tiered
多党合作
multiparty cooperation
多元化
diversify
多元社会
pluralistic society
多种力量
diverse forces
多重多头执法
duplicate law enforcement
法制观念
awareness of law
法制国家
a country with an adequate legal system
法治国家
a country under the rule of law
繁荣、稳定和发展
prosperity, stability and development
fight against “ Taiwan Independence”
反对分裂
oppose separation
反腐倡廉
combat corruption and build a clean government
防止
guard against
非传统安全威胁
non-traditional threats to security
分裂活动
splitting activities
奋斗目标和任务
the objectives and tasks
丰富民主形式
develop diverse forms of democracy
风浪 , 考验
trials and tribulations
服务大局
serve the overall interests
富强民主文明
a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced 腹地
hinterland
改革发展稳定
reform, development and stability
改革开放
reform and opening-up
肝胆相照
treating each other with all sincerity
高度团结统一
the high degree of unity and solidarity
高度自治
a high degree of autonomy
高举**理论伟大旗帜
hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高尚的品格
lofty character
高素质的领导干部队伍
high-caliber leading cadres
搁置某些政治争议
shelve certain political disputes
革命化
more revolutionary
old revolutionary base areas
各地各部门
all localities and departments
各界爱国人士
patriots from all walks of life
各界人士
personages of all circles
各尽其能、各得其所又和谐相处
well positioned, do their best and live in harmony 各民主党派
the democratic parties
各人民团体
people ’ s organizations
各种分裂图谋
attempts to split the country
根本利益
fundamental interests
工人 , 农民
workers and farmers
工人阶级队伍
the working class in china
工商联
federations of industry
公民权利、自由
civil rights / civil liberties
公民政治参与
citizens ’ participation in political affairs
公民职责
civic duty
公平和正义
fairness and justice
公务员
civil servants
公务员制度
system of public servants
公正透明
fairness and transparency
公职人员
the public servants
巩固和提高
to consolidate and uplift
顾全大局
bear in mind the overall interests
官僚主义作风
the bureaucratic style of work
贯彻
implement
光辉史册的一页
a glorious page in the annals
光明和进步
brightness and progress
光荣的爱国主义传统
a glorious patriotic tradition
广阔的发展空间
broad space for development
广纳群贤
gather large numbers of talented people
国防
national defense
国防实力
national defense capabilities
国际局势风云变幻
a highly volatile international situation
国际性组织
international organizations
国家的主权和安全
state sovereignty and security
国家关系
state-to-state relations
国人民的共同愿望
common aspirations of all peoples
国土资源综合整治
comprehensive improvement of land and resources 国务院
State Council
过渡期
transition, transitional period
捍卫
safeguard
和平,正义,进步
peace, justice and progress
和平统一
peaceful reunification
和平统一谈判
negotiations on peaceful reunification
和平与发展
peace and development
harmonious coexistence
很不平凡的历程
an extraordinary course
弘扬
carry forward
弘扬和培育民族精神
carry forward and cultivate the national spirit 弘扬时代主旋律
highlight the themes of the times
化解歧见
iron out differences
恢复两岸对话
resume the cross-straits dialogue
积极性和创造性
initiative and creativity
基本行为准则
basic code of conduct
基层民主
democracy at the grassroots level
基础设施工程
infrastructure projects
激励和保障机制
an incentive and guarantee mechanism 集体主义
collectivism
集中智慧和力量
pool the wisdom and strength
计划生育
family planning
计划生育基本国策
the basic state policies of family planning 继往开来
carry forward our cause into the future 加快推进社会主义现代化
speed up socialist modernization
加强和改进党的作风建设
the improvement of the party’ s work style 加入世贸
accession /entrance / entry to WTO
家庭联产承包责任制
the household contract responsibility system 坚持统一
persist in reunification
no wavering
坚定地站 (在 )
stand firm
坚强柱石
a staunch pillar
简政放权
streamline administration and delegate power 建设 (资源 ) 节约型社会
build a conservation-minded society
讲求实效
pursuing practical results
降低农业税税率
reduce agricultural tax rate
接续产业
alternative industries
解放思想
emancipating the mind
解决台湾问题
settlement of the question of Taiwan
解决香港问题和澳门问题
resolve the questions of Hong Kong and Macao 戒急用忍
overcome impetuosity and exercise patience 紧密团结在党中央周围
rally closely around the party central committee 经受
withstand
精神文明建设
spiritual civilization
精神支撑
moral kingpin
井然有序
in an orderly way/ fashion
居安思危
stay prepared against adversities in times of peace 居民生活质量
quality of life of the residents
居委会
neighborhood committee
巨大的优越性
great superiority
决策的随意性
arbitrary decision-making
decision-making mechanism
军队建设
army building
军队现代化
modernization of the army
军民团结
solidarity between the army and the people
军人和干部
servicemen and cadres
军政团结
solidarity between the army and the government 开创新局面
create a new situation
开发式扶贫
development-oriented poverty relief
开局良好
a good start
开拓创新
blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit
开展对话
to conduct dialogue
抗风险能力
vigilance against risks
科教兴国
national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展
sustainable development
克服不利影响
overcame the adverse effects
空前巨大的困难和压力
unprecedented difficulties and pressure
恐怖主义危害
scourge of terrorism
宽领域
wide-ranging
困难群众
people in straitened circumstances
扩大交流交往
expand mutual contacts and exchanges
来之不易的成绩
hard-won achievements
老工业基地
old industrial bases
junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968 理论创新
theoretical innovation
力量
force
力量之源
the source of its (the party’s) strength
历史性跨越
a historic leap
历史性突破
historic breakthrough
立党之本
the foundation for building our party
连续性和稳定性
consistency and stability
廉洁高效
honesty and high efficiency
廉政建设
build a clean and honest government
粮食流通体制
grain distribution system
两岸关系
cross-straits relations
两岸谈判
cross-straits negotiations
领导方式和执政方式
way of leadership and governance
领土完整
territorial integrity
路线
the line
落后于时代
fall behind the times
马克思列宁主义
Marxism Leninism
马克思主义基本原理
the basic tenets of Marxism
马克思主义执政党
a Marxist ruling party
**思想
Mao Zedong thought
迷信
superstition
the militia
民进党
Democratic Progressive Party
民生
people ’ s livelihood
民主法制
democracy and the legal system
民主管理
democratic management
民主集中制
democratic centralism
民主监督
democratic supervision
民主监督
democratic supervision
民主决策
democratic decision-making
民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐
democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony 民主选举
democratic elections
民主制度
the systems of democracy
民族、宗教事务
ethnic, religious affairs
民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力
vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation
民族进步
the progress of a nation
民族精神
national spirit
民族矛盾
ethnic contradictions
民族凝聚力
the cohesion of the nation
民族区域自治
regional autonomy of ethnic minorities
民族区域自治制度
system of regional ethnic autonomy
民族委员会
ethnic affairs commission
民族文化大省
a province with rich ethnic culture
ethnocentrism
模糊战略
indistinct strategy
睦邻友好
good-neighborly relationship
内政外交国防
domestic and foreign affairs and national defense 能上能下
prepared for both promotion and demotion
农村扶贫开发
to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村税费改革
reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农业、农村和农民问题
problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业和农村工作
agriculture and rural work
农业基础地位
agriculture as the foundation of the economy 弄虚作假
falsification
培养人才
personnel training
贫困群众
people in financial difficulties
平稳过渡
the smooth transition of power
铺张浪费
extravagance and waste
普选制
general election system
前提
prerequisite
欠发达地区
less developed areas
强化功能
intensify functions
强强联手
i win -win co-operation
强权政治
power politics
侨胞
overseas Chinese
overseas Chinese affairs
切积极因素
all positive factors
勤劳勇敢
industry and courage
求同存异
seek common ground while shelving differences
区域性组织
regional organizations
曲折的道路
tortuous road
取长补短
draw upon one another’ s strong points
取得丰硕成果
yield substantial results
取得了巨大成就
scored tremendous achievements
取消农业特产税
repeal taxes on special agricultural products
全党
all the party members; whole party
全党集体智慧的结晶
the crystallization of the party’ s collective wisdom
全方位
all-dimensional
全国各族人民
the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country 全国人大代表
deputy to the National People’ s Congress
全国政协
the National Committee of the Chinese People’ s Political Consultative Conference 全会
plenary sessions
全面建设小康社会
build a well-off society in an all-round way; building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
全面展开
in full swing
权责脱节
divorce between powers and responsibilities
群众
the general public
人大
People ’ s Congresses
人大代表
NPC member
人大精神
the spirit of the congress
人尽其才
put sb. to the best use
人力资源优势得到充分发挥
a full display of advantages in human resources
人民的物质文化需要
material and cultural needs of the people
人民民主专政
the people’ s democratic dictatorship
人民生活更加殷实
upgrade the texture of life for the people
人民团体
mass organizations
人民政协
the Chinese people’ s political consultative conference (CPPCC) 人心向背
the trend of popular sentiment
人员往来
personnel exchanges
人员臃肿
overstaffing
任期制
system of fixed tenures
日益增长
ever-growing
荣辱与共
sharing weal and woe
三权分立
separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers 少数民族
ethnic minorities
少数民族聚居区
areas inhabited by ethnic minorities
社会保障体系
social security system
社会保障体系比较健全
a fairly sound social security system
社会各方面
all quarters of the society
社会各阶层人们
the people of all social strata
社会管理
social administration
社会科学
social sciences
社会可承受的程度
the sustainability of the general public
社会其他阶层人们
members of other social strata
社会治安
public order
社会主义初级阶段
the primary stage of Socialism
社会主义法制
Socialist legal system
社会主义民主政治
Socialist democracy
社会主义事业
Socialist cause
深刻阐述 , 详细说明
expound
审视自己
self-examination
生存和发展
survival and development
生活方式 , 生活作风
life style
胜利前进
forge ahead triumphantly
省、市(地)两级地方政府
the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments 十五计划《纲要》
outline for the tenth five-year
时代潮流的前头
forefront of the times
时代的主题
themes of our era
实事求是
seek truth from facts
实现推进现代化建设
to propel the modernization drive
始终贯彻
persistent implementation
世界观
world outlook
事业
undertakings
事业兴衰
the success of our cause
适时适度
at the proper time and to an appropriate degree 手足兄弟
brothers and sisters of the same blood
顺应时代潮流
conform to the trend of the times
思想道德建设
ideological and moral education
诉讼程序
judicial proceedings
台湾当局
the Taiwan authorities
台湾分裂势力
Taiwan separatist forces
台湾海峡
Taiwan straits
台湾同胞
Taiwan compatriots
台湾问题
the Taiwan question
贪污腐败
corruption
提高竞争力
sharpen the competitive edge
同心同德,艰苦奋斗
work hard with one heart and one mind 统一、开放、竞争、有序
unified, open, competitive and orderly
团结和带领
unite with and lead (sb.)
团结统一
unity and solidarity
推动社会全面进步
speed up all-round social progress
推进
propel
推进西部大开发
advance the development of the western region 妥善处理各方面的利益关系
properly balance the interests of all quarters
拓宽领域
broaden the fields of endeavor
完成祖国统一
to achieve national reunification
完全地实现祖国的统一
the complete realization of the reunification of the motherland 完善自己
self-improvement
万众一心
work with one heart and one mind
微调
fine-tuning
违法必究
law-breakers must be prosecuted
唯一标准
the sole criterion
维护世界和平与促进共同发展
to safeguard world peace and promote common development 卫生体育事业
health and sports undertakings
温饱工程
adequate food and clothing program
稳步推进
steady progress
我国的国际地位
china ’ s international standing
我国的跨世纪发展
china ’ s cross-century development
我国综合国力
china ’ s overall national strength
无党派人士
personages without party affiliation
五年内取消农业税
rescind agricultural taxes in five years
武警
the armed police
务实
pragmatic
物质文明和精神文明
material and spiritual civilization
吸引力和感召力
attraction and appeal
先发制人战略
preemptive strategy
先富起来的人们
people who have become rich first
现代化建设
modernization drive
宪法
the constitution
宪法修正案
amendments to the Constitution
相对优势
comparative advantages
相辅相成
complement each other
香港、澳门特别行政区
Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港和澳门回归祖国
the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland 香港特别行政区同胞
our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR
消除文盲
eliminate illiteracy
小康社会
a well-off society
小康水平
a well-off standard
新的里程碑
a new milestone
新民主主义
new democracy
行使当家作主的权利
exercise their rights as the masters of the country 行使主权
the exercise of sovereignty
行政管理体制改革
administrative restructuring
形成观念
foster notions
形式主义
formalism
形势逼人
pressing situation
宣传舆论工作
media and publicity work
严重曲折
serious setbacks
严重政治风波
serious political disturbances
一个中国原则
the one-china principle
一贯主张
consistent position
一起抓
place equal emphasis on
一些党的领导干部
some leading cadres in our party
依法治国
rule (run) the country by law
以德治国
rule (run) the country by virtue
以爱国主义为核心
centering on patriotism
以**同志为核心的中共中央委员会
CCCP with Comrade Hu Jintao at the core
意识形态领域
realm of ideology
迎难而上
brave difficulties
拥军
support the army
(拥军 ) 优属
give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs 拥政
support the government
永享太平
enjoy a lasting peace
永远不变的军魂
the eternal soul of the army
用人失察责任追究
accountability for neglect of supervisory duty
用人失误责任追究
accountability for the use of the wrong person
优化结构
optimize structure
优化升级
optimize and upgrade
有法必依
the laws observed
有法可依
there are laws to go by
舆论监督
supervisory function of the media
与人民群众共命运
shares weal and woe with the people
与时代发展同步伐
advances with the times
与时俱进
keep pace with the times
源远流长
with a long h
story behind it
在曲折中发展
developing amidst twists and turns
增加了解
increase understanding
增强忧患意识
be mindful of potential danger
战略部署
strategic plan
战略性调整
strategic adjustment
整顿和规范
to be rectified and standardized
正规化
regularized
政府干预
government intervention
政府机构
government organs; government institutions
政府特殊津贴
special government allowance
政府职能
government functions
政事分开
separating the functions of government from those of institutions 政通人和
(have) a good government and a united people
政协委员会
CPPCC committees
政治、经济领域
the political and economic spheres
政治经济旧秩序
old political and economic order
政治经济新秩序
new political and economic order
政治局
politburo
政治局面
political situation
政治体制
political restructuring
政治协商
political consultation
政治协商制度
political consultation system
支撑
kingpin
知识分子
intellectuals
知识化
(be ) better educated
执法必严
the laws strictly enforced
执政为民
exercise the state power in the interest of the people 执政之基
the cornerstone for its (the party’s) governance
直辖市
municipality directly under the Central Government 职能交叉
overlapping functions
指导思想
guiding ideology
制定 “ 十五 ” 计划
the formulation of the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) 制度创新
institutional innovation
治党治国治军
running the party, state and army
智力支持
intellectual support
中共中央
the CPC central committee
中共中央委员会
CCCP (Central Committee of Communist Party) 中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会
the sixteenth national congress of the CPC
中国特色社会主义事业
Socialism with Chinese characteristics
中华儿女
all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation
中华民族的伟大复兴
the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
中华文明
the Chinese civilization
中西部地区
c entral and western regions
中央纪委
central commission for discipline inspection of the CPC 中央统战部
united front work department of CPC central committee 中央委员会
the central committee
中央政府
the central government
忠诚卫士
loyal guards
重大历史关头
crucial historical juncture
重要进展
significant headway
主观主义和形而上学的桎梏
fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics
主权和领土完整
sovereignty and territorial integrity
主要矛盾
the principal contradiction
专家咨询制度
expert consulting system
专业化
more professionally competent
转变步伐
the pace of change
庄严使命
a grand mission
资源配置
the allocation of resources
自强不息
ceaseless self-improvement
自治
self-governance
综合国力
overall national strength
总结自己的实践经验
review our experience gained in practice
走出一条新路子
blazing a new trail
走在前列
to spearhead
组织监督
organizational supervision
祖国
one’s home country; motherland
祖国统一
national reunification; reunification of the motherland 祖国统一大业
the great cause of national reunification
最广大人民
the overwhelming majority of the people
最广泛的
the broadest possible
范文五：中国特色政治词汇
中国特色政治词汇
“一国两制” “ One Country, Two Systems”
“一中一台”
“两个中国”
(两岸)直接三通 Three Direct Links (Mail, Air And Shipping Services And Trade)
两千三百万台湾同胞 23 Million Taiwan Compatriots
两会 (人大,政协 ) Two Conferences (Npc And Cppcc)
“三个代表” “ Three Represents”
“三个代表”重要思想 The Important Thought Of Three Represents
三八红旗手 Woman Pace-Setter
三大历史任务 The Three Major Historical Tasks
三个有利于 Three Favorables
三农问题 “ Agriculture, Countryside And Farmer” Issues
《中美三个联合公报》 The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués
四个现代化(农、工、国防、科技) Four Modernizations
四项基本原则 Four Cardinal Principles 四中全会 The Fourth Plenary Session 和平共处五项原则 The Five Principles Of Peaceful Coexistence
八项主张 The Eight-Point Proposal
“八个坚持、八个反对”
“八七”扶贫攻坚计划 The Seven-Year Program To Help 80 Million People Out Of Poverty “九五”计划 The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000)
“十五”计划 The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005)
第十五届中央委员会 the 15th central committee of the communist party of china (CPC) 十六大 16th Party Congress
十一届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session Of The Eleventh Central Committee
“南南合作” “ South -South Cooperation”
“南北对话” “ North-South Dialog”
“**” , 台湾独立
“引进来”和“走出去”政策 “ Bring In
常见特色词汇与表达
爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages
爱国统一战线 patriotic united front爱国主义精神 patriotism
安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment 昂扬向上的精神状态 an enterprising spirit 澳门 Macao 澳门特别行政区同胞 our compatriots in the Macao SAR
霸权主义 hegemonism
百花齐放 a hundred flowers blossom百家争鸣 a hundred schools of thought contend
边疆稳定 the stability in border areas
人大常委会 the standing committees
边远地区 remote areas
波澜壮阔 a magnificent upsurge博大精深 extensive and profound 不变质 never degenerating 不断提高人民生活水平 constantly better people's lives 不公正不合理 unfair and irrational 不合时宜的观念的束缚 shackles of the outdated notions
不竭动力 an inexhaustible motive force 不可战胜 invincible
不可阻挡的历史潮流 an irresistible trend of history 不迷失方向 lose our bearings
不平衡 uneven
不平坦的道路 a tortuous course 不全面的 not all-inclusive
采取果断措施 take resolute measures
参政议政 participation in and deliberation of state affairs 长期共存 long-term coexistence 长期社会安定团结 long-term social stability and solidarity 长治久安 long-term peace and order 朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层 energetic and promising leadership 诚实守信 honesty
充分调动和凝聚 fully mobilize and rally 初步建立 take shape initially
传统安全威胁 traditional threats to security
创造力、 凝聚力和战斗力 creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 辞职制 system of resignation 从我国国情出发 proceed from our national conditions
促进共同发展 promote common development
促进社会全面进步 promote all-round social progress
担当重任 assuming heavy responsibilities 当代 the contemporary era
当家作主 masters of the country
当家作主的愿望 the wish to be the masters of our country
党代会 congress of party representatives
党的骨干力量 backbone of the party
党的基本理论、路线和纲领 the party's basic theory, line and program 党的建设 party building 党的先进性 party's progressiveness
党和国家前途命运 the destiny of the party and state
党和国家事业 the cause of the party and state **理论 Deng Xiaoping theory
**同志逝世 the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping 第六位 the sixth place
第一生产力 the primary productive force 电子政务 E-government
调动积极性 mobilize the initiative
对等的政治实体 equal political entities
对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解 erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism 多层次 multi-tiered
多党合作 multiparty cooperation 多元化 diversify
多元社会 pluralistic society 多种力量 diverse forces
多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement 法制观念 awareness of law
法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 法治国家 a country under the rule of law 繁荣、稳定和发展 prosperity, stability and development
反对“**” fight against
反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 防止 guard against
非传统安全威胁 non-traditional threats to security 分裂活动 splitting activities
奋斗目标和任务 the objectives and tasks
丰富民主形式 develop diverse forms of democracy 风浪 , 考验 trials and tribulations
服务大局 serve the overall interests
富强民主文明 a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced 腹地 hinterland
改革发展稳定 reform, development and stability 改革开放 reform and opening-up
肝胆相照 treating each other with all sincerity
高度团结统一 the high degree of unity and solidarity 高度自治 a high degree of autonomy 高举**理论伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高尚的品格
lofty character
高素质的领导干部队伍 high-caliber leading cadres 搁置某些政治争议
shelve certain political disputes 革命化 more revolutionary
革命老区 old revolutionary base areas 各地各部门 all localities and departments 各界爱国人士 patriots from all walks of life 各界人士 personages of all circles
各尽其能、各得其所又和谐相处 well positioned, do their best and live in harmony 各民主党派 the democratic parties 各人民团体 people's organizations 各种分裂图谋
attempts to split the country 根本利益 fundamental interests 工人 , 农民 workers and farmers 工人阶级队伍 the working class in china 工商联 federations of industry
公民权利、自由 civil rights / civil liberties
公民政治参与 citizens' participation in political affairs 公民职责 civic duty
公平和正义 fairness and justice 公务员 civil servants
公务员制度 system of public servants 公正透明 fairness and transparency 公职人员
the public servants
巩固和提高 to consolidate and uplift 顾全大局 bear in mind the overall interests 官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 贯彻 implement
光辉史册的一页 a glorious page in the annals 光明和进步 brightness and progress
光荣的爱国主义传统 a glorious patriotic tradition 广阔的发展空间
broad space for development 广纳群贤 gather large numbers of talented people 国防
national defense
国防实力 national defense capabilities
国际局势风云变幻 a highly volatile international situation 国际性组织
international organizations
国家的主权和安全 state sovereignty and security 国家关系 state-to-state relations
国人民的共同愿望 common aspirations of all peoples
国土资源综合整治 comprehensive improvement of land and resources 国务院 State Council 过渡期 transition, transitional period
捍卫 safeguard
和平,正义,进步 peace, justice and progress 和平统一 peaceful reunification
和平统一谈判 negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平与发展 peace and development 和谐 并存 harmonious coexistence
很不平凡的历程 an extraordinary course
弘扬 carry forward
弘扬和培育民族精神 carry forward and cultivate the national spirit 弘扬时代主旋律
highlight the themes of the times 化解歧见 iron out differences
恢复两岸对话 resume the cross-straits dialogue 积极性和创造性 initiative and creativity 基本行 为准则 basic code of conduct
基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level 基础设施工程 infrastructure projects
激励和保障机制 an incentive and guarantee mechanism
集体主义 collectivism
集中智慧和力量 pool the wisdom and strength 计划生育 family planning
计划生育基本国策 the basic state policies of family planning 继往开来
carry forward our cause into the future
加快推进社会主义现代化 speed up socialist modernization
加强和改进党的作风建设 the improvement of the party's work style 加入世贸
accession /entrance / entry to WTO
家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system 坚持统一
persist in reunification 坚定不移 no wavering 坚定地站 (在 )stand firm
坚强柱石 a staunch pillar 简政放权 streamline administration and delegate power 建设 (资源 ) 节 约型社会 build a conservation-minded society 讲求实效 pursuing practical results 降低农业税税 率 reduce agricultural tax rate 接续产业 alternative industries 解放思想 emancipating the mind 解决台湾问题 settlement of the question of Taiwan
解决香港问题和澳门问题 resolve the questions of Hong Kong and Macao 戒急用忍
overcome impetuosity and exercise patience
紧密团结在党中央周围 rally closely around the party central committee 经受 withstand 精神文明建设 spiritual civilization 精神支撑 moral kingpin
井然有序 in an orderly way/ fashion
居安思危 stay prepared against adversities in times of peace 居民生活质量
quality of life of the residents 居委会 neighborhood committee 巨大的优越性 great superiority 决策的随意性 arbitrary decision-making 决策机制 decision-making mechanism 军队建设 army building
军队现代化 modernization of the army
军民团结 solidarity between the army and the people 军人和干部 servicemen and cadres 军政团结 solidarity between the army and the government 开创新局面 create a new situation 开发式扶贫 development-oriented poverty relief 开局良好 a good start
开拓创新 blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit 开展对话 to conduct dialogue
抗风险能力 vigilance against risks
科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展
sustainable development
克服不利影响 overcame the adverse effects
空前巨大的困难和压力 unprecedented difficulties and pressure 恐怖主义危害
scourge of terrorism 宽领域 wide-ranging
困难群众 people in straitened circumstances
扩大交流交往 expand mutual contacts and exchanges
来之不易的成绩 hard-won achievements 老工业基地 old industrial bases
老三届 junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968 理论创新 theoretical innovation 力量 force
力量之源 the source of its (the party’ s) strength 历史性跨越 a historic leap
历史性突破 historic breakthrough
立党之本 the foundation for building our party 连续性和稳定性 consistency and stability 廉洁高 效 honesty and high efficiency 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government 粮食流通体 制 grain distribution system
两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations
领导方式和执政方式 way of leadership and governance 领土完整 territorial integrity 路线 the line
落后于时代 fall behind the times
马克思列宁主义 Marxism Leninism
马克思主义基本原理 the basic tenets of Marxism 马克思主义执政党 a Marxist ruling party 毛
泽东思想 Mao Zedong thought 迷信 superstition
民兵 the militia
民进党 Democratic Progressive Party 民生 people's livelihood
民主法制 democracy and the legal system 民主管理 democratic management 民主集中
制 democratic centralism 民主监督 democratic supervision 民主监督 democratic supervision 民主决策 democratic decision-making
民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐 democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony 民主选 举 democratic elections
民主制度 the systems of democracy
民族、宗教事务 ethnic, religious affairs
民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力 vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation 民族进步
the progress of a nation 民族精神 national spirit
民族矛盾 ethnic contradictions
民族凝聚力 the cohesion of the nation
民族区域自治 regional autonomy of ethnic minorities 民族区域自治制度
system of regional ethnic autonomy 民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission
民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture 民族优越感 ethnocentrism 模糊战
略 indistinct strategy
睦邻友好 good-neighborly relationship
内政外交国防 domestic and foreign affairs and national defense 能上能下
prepared for both promotion and demotion
农村扶贫开发 to alleviate rural poverty through development
农村税费改革 reform of rural taxes and administrative charges
农业、农村和农民问题 problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业和农村工作 agriculture and rural work
农业基础地位 agriculture as the foundation of the economy 弄虚作假 falsification
培养人才 personnel training
贫困群众 people in financial difficulties 平稳过渡 the smooth transition of power 铺张浪费 extravagance and waste 普选制 general election system 前提 prerequisite
欠发达地区 less developed areas 强化功能 intensify functions
强强联手 i win -win co-operation 强权政治 power politics 侨胞 overseas Chinese
侨务工作 overseas Chinese affairs 切积极因素 all positive factors
勤劳勇敢 industry and courage
求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 区域性组织 regional organizations 曲折的道路 tortuous road
取长补短 draw upon one another's strong points 取得丰硕成果 yield substantial results
取得了巨大成就 scored tremendous achievements
取消农业特产税 repeal taxes on special agricultural products
全党 all the party members; whole party
全党集体智慧的结晶 the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom
全方位 all-dimensional
全国各族人民 the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country 全国人大代表 deputy to the National People's Congress
全国政协 the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 全会
plenary sessions
全面建设小康社会
build a well-off society in an all-round way; building a moderately prosperous society in all respec ts
全面展开 in full swing
权责脱节 divorce between powers and responsibilities 群众 the general public
人大 People's Congresses人大代表 NPC member人大精神 the spirit of the congress 人尽其才 put sb. to the best use
人力资源优势得到充分发挥 a full display of advantages in human resources 人民的物质文化需 要 material and cultural needs of the people 人民民主专政 the people's democratic dictatorship 人民生活更加殷实 upgrade the texture of life for the people
人民团体 mass organizations
人民政协 the Chinese people's political consultative conference (CPPCC)
人心向背 the trend of popular sentiment人员往来 personnel exchanges人员臃肿 overstaffing 任期制 system of fixed tenures 日益增长 ever-growing
荣辱与共 sharing weal and woe
三权分立 separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers
少数民族 ethnic minorities少数民族聚居区 areas inhabited by ethnic minorities 社会保障体系 social security system
社会保障体系比较健全 a fairly sound social security system 社会各方面
all quarters of the society
社会各阶层人们 the people of all social strata
社会管理 social administration社会科学 social sciences 社会可承受的程度
the sustainability of the general public 社会其他阶层人们 members of other social strata 社会治 安 public order
社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of Socialism 社会主义法制 Socialist legal system 社会主义 民主政治 Socialist democracy 社会主义事业 Socialist cause 深刻阐述 , 详细说明 expound 审视自己 self-examination
生存和发展 survival and development生活方式 , 生活作风 life style
胜利前进 forge ahead triumphantly
省、 市 (地) 两级地方政府 the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments 十五计划 《纲 要》 outline for the tenth five-year
时代潮流的前头 forefront of the times时代的主题 themes of our era 实事求是
seek truth from facts
实现推进现代化建设 to propel the modernization drive 始终贯彻 persistent implementation 世 界观 world outlook
事业 undertakings 事业兴衰 the success of our cause
适时适度 at the proper time and to an appropriate degree
手足兄弟 brothers and sisters of the same blood
顺应时代潮流 conform to the trend of the times
思想道德建设 ideological and moral education 诉讼程序 judicial proceedings
台湾当局 the Taiwan authorities台湾分裂势力 Taiwan separatist forces
台湾海峡 Taiwan straits台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots台湾问题 the Taiwan question 贪污腐败 corruption
提高竞争力 sharpen the competitive edge
同心同德,艰苦奋斗 work hard with one heart and one mind 统一、开放、竞争、有序 unified, open, competitive and orderly 团结和带领 unite with and lead (sb.)团结统一
unity and solidarity
推动社会全面进步 speed up all-round social progress
推进 propel 推进西部大开发 advance the development of the western region
妥善处理各方面的利益关系 properly balance the interests of all quarters
拓宽领域 broaden the fields of endeavor
完成祖国统一 to achieve national reunification
完全地实现祖国的统一 the complete realization of the reunification of the motherland 完善自 己 self-improvement
万众一心 work with one heart and one mind 微调 fine-tuning
违法必究 law-breakers must be prosecuted 唯一标准 the sole criterion
维护世界和平与促进共同发展 to safeguard world peace and promote common development 卫生体育事业 health and sports undertakings 温饱工程 adequate food and clothing program 稳 步推进 steady progress
我国的国际地位 china's international standing
我国的跨世纪发展 china's cross-century development
我国综合国力 china's overall national strength 无党派人士 personages without party affiliation 五年内取消农业税 rescind agricultural taxes in five years 武警 the armed police
务实 pragmatic
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 吸引力和感召力 attraction and appeal 先 发制人战略 preemptive strategy
先富起来的人们 people who have become rich first 现代化建设 modernization drive 宪法 the constitution
宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution
相对优势 comparative advantages 相辅相成 complement each other
香港、 澳门特别行政区 Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港和澳门回归祖 国 the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland 香港特别行政区同胞
our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR 消除文盲 eliminate illiteracy 小康社会
a well-off society 小康水平 a well-off standard 新的里程碑 a new milestone 新民主主义
new democracy
行使当家作主的权利 exercise their rights as the masters of the country 行使主权
the exercise of sovereignty
行政管理体制改革 administrative restructuring 形成观念 foster notions 形式主义 formalism 形势逼人 pressing situation
宣传舆论工作 media and publicity work 严重曲折 serious setbacks
严重政治风波 serious political disturbances 一个中国原则 the one-china principle
一贯主张 consistent position 一起抓 place equal emphasis on
一些党的领导干部 some leading cadres in our party 依法治国 rule (run) the country by law 以 德治国 rule (run) the country by virtue 以爱国主义为核心 centering on patriotism
以**同志为核心的中共中央委员会 CCCP with Comrade Hu Jintao at the core 意识形态领 域 realm of ideology 迎难而上 brave difficulties
拥军 support the army
(拥军 ) 优属 give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs
拥政 support the government 永享太平 enjoy a lasting peace
永远不变的军魂 the eternal soul of the army
用人失察责任追究 accountability for neglect of supervisory duty 用人失误责任追究 accountability for the use of the wrong person 优化结构 optimize structure 优化升级
optimize and upgrade 有法必依 the laws observed 有法可依 there are laws to go by
舆论监督 supervisory function of the media
与人民群众共命运 shares weal and woe with the people 与时代发展同步伐
advances with the times
中西部地区 c entral and western regions
中央纪委 central commission for discipline inspection of the CPC
中央统战部 united front work department of CPC central committee 中央委员会
the central committee 中央政府 the central government 忠诚卫士 loyal guards
重大历史关头 crucial historical juncture
重要进展 significant headway
主观主义和形而上学的桎梏 fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity 主要矛盾 the principal contradiction 专家咨询制度
expert consulting system 专业化 more professionally competent 转变步伐 the pace of change 庄 严使命 a grand mission
资源配置 the allocation of resources 自强不息 ceaseless self-improvement 自治 self-governance 综合国力 overall national strength
总结自己的实践经验 review our experience gained in practice 走出一条新路子
blazing a new trail
走在前列 to spearhead
组织监督 organizational supervision 祖国 one’ s home country; motherland
祖国统一 national reunification; reunification of the motherland 祖国统一大业
the great cause of national reunification 最广大人民 the overwhelming majority of the people 最 广泛的 the broadest possible
