范文一:立场文件范文doc
立场文件范文
鏈枃鐢卞惉璇碔D涓嶈兘寰堥暱璐,尞
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鑼冩枃涓? Delegate: Wang Shichen School: Shanghai Xiangming High School Country: Algeria Committee: Economy and Social Council Topic: International migration Nowadays, along with the rapid growth and development of economy and science, international migration has become a complex issue. Most countries worldwide, ranging from North Africa countries like Algeria to Asia countries, are concerning about the problem which touches on many other important and relevant national and international topic, including refugees, human rights, racial conflicts and the undeniable gap between developed and developing countries. In recent years, the phenomenon is turning more serious with the continually increasing population of international migrates. Not be protected by the countries they traveled to, the migrates also are not sufficiently protected by any international laws, and still no conventional agreement has been launched. Regarding the international migration affair, the international community has launched a number of initiatives and measures to tackle this problem in recent several decades and progress has been made. Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. With 122 member states, a further 18 states holding observer status and offices in over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people. The UN also recognizes the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development, as well as to the right of freedom of movement. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed in 1948, is a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations which has made great efforts on human right protection. It calls for all the nations, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. As a member of the Union of the Arab Maghreb which was established in 1989 within other four African countries, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania , Algeria focus on the human trafficking problem ,and human rights issue. The Algeria government wants to emphasize the importance of skilled migrants to every country, especially developing countries like Algeria. The situation of brain drain becomes more serious the灏斿痉浜哄眳浣忓尯浠ュ強浼婂崡閮ㄥ煄甯傚反澹
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伃鎭愭?栫粍缁囥??飦?瀵逛簬浼婃媺鍏嬪唴閮ㄧ殑绉嶆棌鍐茬獊锛屽悇鍥藉簲缁欎簣鍏虫敞锛屽苟鍦ㄧ浉搴旂殑鏃跺?欑粰浜堟彺鍔?拰璋冭В銆?飦?鍚勯毦姘戞帴鍙楀浗搴斾繚鎶ら毦姘戞潈鍒?紝浣垮叾铻嶅叆褰撳湴绀句細锛岄伩鍏嶇鏃忔瑙嗙幇璞?紝骞跺湪灞?鍔跨ǔ瀹?鍚庤闅炬皯閲嶈繑鏁呬埂銆?缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄤ紛鎷夊厠闅炬皯闂涓婂潥淇?紝 浼婃媺鍏嬩汉姘戠殑鑷敱鏄取涓栫晫鏈?甯屾湜鐪嬪埌鐨勶紝 缇庡浗鐩镐俊浼?鎷夊厠浜烘皯鏈夋潈鍒?篃鏈夎兘鍔涗韩鍙椾汉绫荤殑鑷敱锛屼篃鍙互鍦ㄦ暣涓腑涓滃湴鍖哄缓绔嬩竴涓噸瑕併?佸拰骞炽?佽嚜 娌诲浗瀹剁殑鍏歌寖銆?鍐典笖缇庡浗姣忓勾鎺ュ彈鐨勯毦姘戝崰浜嗕笘鐣屽悇鍥芥帴鍙楅毦姘戝畾灞呬汉鏁扮殑涓?鍗婏紝 鍥犳缇庡浗 涔熷笇鏈涘拰鍏朵粬鍥藉涓?閬擄紝鍦ㄨ繖涓?鍦板尯鎺ㄨ繘鑷敱鍜屽拰骞筹紝鏀寔鍥介檯闅炬皯缃茬殑鍚勭鎻村姪娲诲姩銆傝繖 涓洰鏍囦笉鍙兘鍦ㄤ竴澶滀箣闂村疄鐜帮紝 瀹冮渶瑕佹椂闂淬??浜虹被鑷敱鐨勫姏閲忓拰瀵瑰畠鐨勬复鏈涗綋鐜板湪姣忎釜浜鸿韩 涓婏紝浣撶幇鍦ㄦ瘡涓浗瀹惰韩涓婏紝鑷敱鐨勪紵澶у姏閲忓皢浼氬寲瑙,粐鎭ㄥ拰鏆村姏锛岃姣忎釜浜洪兘鍏ㄨ韩蹇冨湴杩芥眰 鍜屽钩銆傝繖灏辨槸缇庡浗鐨勯?夋嫨銆?鑼冩枃涓?浠,〃锛氭浌蹇冩??瀛,牎锛氬崕涓滃笀鑼冨ぇ瀛,浜岄檮灞炰腑瀛?鍥藉锛氱編鍥?濮斿憳浼氾細鍥介檯闅炬皯缃?璁锛氬嵃搴,磱娴峰暩鍚庣殑闅炬皯闂鍗板害娲嬫捣鍟镐笉浠呴?犳垚浜嗗ぇ姣斾緥鐨勭粡娴庢崯澶憋紝鑰屼笖鐢变簬浜哄彛瀵嗛泦锛屼骇鐢熶簡澶ч噺鐨勫彈鐏句汉缇わ紝浠?鑰屾秾鐜颁簡鍗佸嚑涓囬毦姘戙?傚嵃搴,磱娴峰暩杩囧悗锛屽彈鐏惧浗鐨勫熀纭?璁炬柦銆侀?氳璁炬柦銆佷緵鐢电郴缁熴?佷緵姘寸郴 缁熶互鍙婃満鍦哄取閮ㄨ鐮村潖锛?绀句細绉?簭鍜岀敓娲讳竴搴,櫡浜庣槴鐥姸鎬併??鑰岀敱浜庣伨闅炬湰韬殑鐮村潖鎬у拰浜?浠績閲岀殑鎭愭儳鎰燂紝澶ч噺鐨勪汉姘戞棤瀹跺彲褰掑苟寮?濮嬪濂楋紝浜庢槸浜х敓浜嗗法澶х殑闅炬皯娼紝骞舵湁鎰堟紨鎰?鐑堜箣鍔裤?傚洜姝わ紝鍥介檯闅炬皯缃插簲鍏呭垎鍏虫敞杩欎竴鐜拌薄銆?缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄥ嵃搴,磱娴峰暩鍚庣殑闅炬皯闂涓婂潥淇?紝鍙湁浜洪亾涓讳箟鎻村姪鎵嶆槸瑙,喅闅炬皯闂鐨勫叧閿
2004 骞?12 鏈?27 鏃ワ紝鑱斿悎鍥藉悜鍗板凹绛変簹娲插浗瀹舵淳閬,簡鐏惧璇勪及鍜屾晳鐏惧崗璋冨伐浣滅粍锛岀編鍥姐??鏃ユ湰銆佹境澶у埄浜氬拰鍗板害缁勬垚浜嗘晳鐏锯?滄牳蹇冮泦鍥???锛屽湪姝ゆ娴峰暩鍚庝綔鍑轰簡杈冨ぇ鐨勮础鐚傛埅姝?埌 2005 骞?1 鏈?5 鏃ワ紝 缇庡浗鏈?缁堢‘瀹氭彺鍔椤逛负 3.5 浜跨編鍏冿紝 涓栫晫鍗敓缁勭粐鍚戝彈鐏句弗閲嶅湴鍖鸿繍閫?浜嗗ぇ鎵圭函鍑?姘磋澶囷紝涓栫晫閾惰涔熸嬁鍑轰簡 2.5 浜跨編鍏冧綔涓虹涓?绗旀棤鍋挎彺鍔??傚浗闄呯ぞ浼氱殑鈥滄叿鎱?瑙,泭鈥濊缇庡浗鏀垮簻鎰熷埌寰堟鎱般??缇庡浗鏀垮簻璁や负锛?鍚勫浗鍦ㄦ帴鍙楀拰鎻村姪闅炬皯鐨勫悓鏃朵篃搴斿叧娉ㄥ埌鍙楃伨鍥界伨鍚庭噸寤虹殑闂銆?鍥犱负瀵归毦 姘戠殑浜洪亾涓讳箟鎻村姪鍙兘瀹夋姎鐏惧悗鐭椂鏈熷唴浜轰滑鐨勬亹鎱屽績鐞嗭紝 鑰屼负浜嗚闅炬皯鏈?鍚庭噸杩旇嚜宸辩殑瀹?鍥紝 涓栫晫鍚勫浗閮藉簲浠庣粡娴庢垨鎶?鏈笂鏀彺鍙楃伨鍥斤紝 鍙楃伨鍥戒篃搴斿厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄦ湰鍥藉師鏈夌殑杈冨畬鍠勭殑搴?浠樻剰澶栫伨闅剧殑鏈烘瀯锛屼笌鎻村姪鍥藉叡鍚岄噸寤哄拰鍙戝睍鍙楃伨鍦板尯銆?缇庡浗鏀垮簻寮鸿皟锛屼笘鐣屽悇鍥藉湪杩涜鎻村姪鏃跺簲鎻愪緵鍒囧疄鍙鐨勫姙娉曞拰鏂规锛岃繘琛屾湁鏁堢殑鎻村姪锛岃??闈炰粎浠呰繘琛屾棤鎰忎箟鐨勫懠鍚併??鎺ュ彈闅炬皯鐨勫浗瀹堕』褰?垚鎵胯浇鎰忔効骞舵彁楂樻壙杞借兘鍔涳紝 浠庤?岄伩鍏嶉毦姘?鎶佃揪鍚庝骇鐢熺殑绉嶆棌瀹楁暀鐭涚浘鍜屽啿绐併??鍩轰簬鍗板害娲嬫捣鍟稿悗鎵?浜х敓浜嗗悇鏂归潰鐨勭殑闅炬皯闂锛岀編鍥芥斂搴滃悜濮斿憳浼氬拰鍚勫浗鍛煎悂锛?飦?鍦ㄤ笉骞叉秹鍐呮斂鐨勫墠鎻愪笅寤虹珛涓?涓嵃搴,磱娴峰暩闅炬皯闂宸ヤ綔缁勶紝 瀵瑰悇鍥界殑鎻村姪鐗?祫鏍规嵁鍙?鐏炬儏鍐佃繘琛屽悎鐞嗙殑鍒嗛厤锛?瀵圭墿璧勭殑钀藉疄鍜屾湁鏁堜娇鐢ㄨ繘琛岀洃鐫,紝 浠庤?屾渶浼樺寲鍦拌鍒掗厤鍒跺悇
绉嶅浗闄呮彺鍔???飦?閲嶈鍙楃伨鍥界伨鍚庣殑浼犳煋鐥呴棶棰橈紝 娲鹃仯鍥介檯鎻村
姪闃熻繘琛屽尰鐤楁彺鍔?紝 浠庤?岄槻姝紶鏌撶梾鐨勫ぇ瑙?妯,垎鍙戯紝瀹夋姎浜哄
績锛岀ǔ瀹氭斂灞?锛岄伩鍏嶅ぇ瑙勬ā鐨勯毦姘戠殑浜х敓鎴栬?呭娴併??飦?鍚勫浗搴
旀彁渚涚揣鎬ユ彺鍔?拰閲戣瀺淇濋殰锛屼互淇濇寔鐗?环鐨勭ǔ瀹氾紝鍜屽熀鏈敓娲绘
按骞崇殑缁存寔锛屽苟鍚戝彈 鐏惧浗鏀垮簻鎻愪緵鍒囧疄鍙鐨勫姙娉曞拰鏂规銆?飦?
鏈夊疄鍔涚殑鍥藉涓哄彈鐏惧浗瀹跺湪娴锋按娣″寲鏂归潰鎻愪緵鎶?鏈敮鎸侊紝 璁?
彈鐏惧浗鑷瑙,喅缂轰箯娣?按鐨?闂锛岃繖鏍蜂篃鏈夊姪浜庡叾鏈潵鐨勫彂灞
曘??飦?鍚勯毦姘戞帴鍙楀浗搴旈噸瑙嗛毦姘戞墍甯,潵鐨勭鏃忓畻鏁欏畨鍏ㄩ棶棰樸??
缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄥ嵃搴,磱娴峰暩鍚庣殑闅炬皯闂涓婂缁堜繚鎸佽嚜宸遍矞鏄庣殑绔
嬪満锛?璁や负涓栫晫鍚勫浗棣栧厛搴旈噸瑙?杩欎釜闂锛?鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄鍚岀編
鍥界瓑鍥藉涓?鏍风敤瀹為檯琛屽姩绉瀬鍙備笌浜洪亾涓讳箟鎻村姪銆?鍗板害娲嬫捣鍟?
鏄笉鍙鏂欑殑澶?伨锛?姣忎釜鍥藉閮戒笉甯屾湜杩欐牱鐨勭伨闅惧彂鐢熷湪鏈
浗韬笂锛?鍥犳褰撳悇鍥介兘鎹綅鎬濊?冿紝 灏变細鎰熷埌瀵瑰彈鐏惧浗杩涜鎻村
姪鐨勯噸瑕佹?у拰蹇呰鎬с??鍦ㄩ潰涓磋繖鏍风殑鍥伴毦鏃讹紝 鍥介檯绀句細搴旂敤
鍚屾牱鐨?鎬佸害瀵瑰緟鍙楃伨鐨勯毦姘戯紝浠ュ瀹圭殑鑳告??鎺ョ撼浠栦滑锛屼负浠栦
滑鍒涢?犱竴涓垢绂忕殑澶у鍥鑼冩枃鍥?Delegate: Mao Ziyi School: Xiangming
High School Country: Madagascar Committee: General Assembly (GA) Topic: The global warming problem When the first settlers landed on Madagascar on the African Continent, they felt astonished- vast rain forests, rivers flowing among the mountains, and unknown animals. In spite of the rich nature resources, Madagascar is one of the world鈥焥 most underdeveloped countries besetting by poverty, diseases and environmental crisis by the 1990s. The climate change is an important reason. 100,000 people died of malaria in Madagascar heights in 1988, and the global warming should be blamed because it leaded to the outbreak of infections. It also causes the water shortage in this area, and it raises a vicious circle, not only in Madagascar but also in the whole world. The United Nations plays a significant role in the fight against global warming. In November 1988, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Program
(UNEP) jointly established a government International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It promoted the 鈥濽nited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change鈥?in 1992
and the 鈥濳yoto Protocol鈥?in1997. The UNEP also has a general estimate on polities to agricultural trades and biological diversity in Madagascar. Madagascar Government now is applying itself to promote environmental awareness as well as techniques of environmental protection, civil society, education and business. Although the natural ecosystems in Madagascar have the feature of biological diversity, no matter climates or animals and plants, now they are threatened by rapid growth of population and extremely poor living conditions锛嶥uring the 2003 World Parks Congress in Durban,
South Africa, HEM Marc Ravalomanana, and President of Madagascar announced an environmental protection plan that would triple the current protected area surface in Madagascar. The Government now is continuing to carry out the regulations in Law of National Environment to stop the actions which destroy the natural resources strictly and to cooperate with the nature锛?The very problem we are now facing is
the shortage of funds and technological supports锛嶹e are trying to improve the
proportion of the Government environmental expenditures in the national economy as a whole, however, we hope that the developed countries can cut off developing countries debts and provide more training programs like new exploitation methods or water resources development. Madagascar is also looking for the cooperation with countries in Africa Union or developed countries, which can make the most of or revolute the main economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc. to stimulate economic development and deal with urgent financial and living problems. Madagascar will be responsible to take approaches to protect national unique ecosystem and previous species, such as giving more attention to propagation by government, building protection areas or decreasing the disposal of pollutants. We need the assistance from the international organization. We also hope that the UN can react on climatic problems and give caution and assistance to developing countries. The suggestions of the Madagascar government are as follows: Speed up environmental protection plans and enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection in the country in 5 years. Improve and perfect relating laws and import talents to protect local forests and rare animals and plants. Request for the assistance from international organizations. Program main local economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc, to economic development and strengthen the abilities of national environmental protection. Sigh the trade treaty and tariff treaty with countries which share a common purpose. Come to an understanding with Africa Union countries and reach further cooperation. Solicit financial and technologic aids from developed countries and strive after reducing debts, and look after the way to develop and advancement on the basis of solving the urgent problems on environment In order to fight against the problems in environment, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to environment problems. As such, Madagascar is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences and techniques in improving the eco-construction and the eco-environment锛?Madagascar also expects to be able to
cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the ecological environment of our world. With the joint efforts, a better ecological environment is predictable. 鑼冩枃浜?br />
Delegate: Xu Bingwen School: Xiangming High School Country: The Republic of Albania Committee: General Assembly (GA) Topic: The global warming problem Global warming, the long-term threat to the entire environment, is a common concern of all countries. According to climate records, it has been hotter and hotter the last a few years. Precipitation patterns have changed, whilst sea levels have risen, and most non-polar glaciers are retreating. It is in nobody鈥焥 interest to have this status quo. If
global warming continues unabated, developing countries will be particularly affected by climate changing. The United Nations has made great efforts over the years so as to reverse the trend. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established in 1988 was playing a momentous role in settling climate change. The reports they synthesized has contributed to the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and provided key input to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It鈥焥 certain that
IPCC will be influential in the formation of climate policy in the next several years. The Kyoto Protocol is the chief instrument for tackling climate change, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), one of the Kyoto mechanisms, also provides opportunities for developing countries鈥?benefits. Though it entered into force on 16 February, 2005, the effect of KP remains to be proved. The Republic of Albania has also made an obvious progress in combating global warming. After ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in April 2005, as a 鈥渄eveloping鈥?country under the Kyoto Protocol, Albania has
no quantified greenhouse gas emission reduction targets during the first commitment period (2008-12) but can participates in the global carbon market under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. Now Albania鈥焥 first CDM project, WB Bio-Carbon Fund Assisted
Natural Regeneration Project is on-going, We have planned to transfer 280,000t CO2(in the period 2012-2017) to World Bank as Emission Reduction , to turn 10% tree crown cover increased to 30% , and to advance land area valued from 0.05ha to 1.0ha. At the end of February, the World Bank together with the Government of Albania conducted a workshop and clinic, 鈥淎ccessing Carbon Finance鈥? for government officials and
local developers who can potentially benefit from the CDM. Albania expects more developing countries to participate in this project indeed. The republic of Albania takes a firm stand on that the problem of Global Warming that reducing greenhouse gas emission is the indispensable requirement to all nations. The IPCC recently declared that human activities had "very likely" been the driving force in global warming problem over the last 50 years. So the reduction of greenhouse gas emission from human activities is a priority course to avert the damaging consequences of global warming. Albanian government will continue to develop the CDM project and call on industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol to access Carbon finance to invest projects in developing countries. It is a win-win approach that can help industrialized countries to meet their emission reduction targets and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. As a most vulnerable country, Albania looks forward to being provided more assistance and transferred new technologies against the risk of global warming. Since the beginning of the 1990s, Albania started to experience processes and vigorous urban growth. Some of the reasons made the process of country urbanization a serious problem. Lacking of basic living conditions and the scarcity of necessary
infrastructure and of vital and social services including the environmental problems have been in the main concerns of government. Albanian Government, in collaboration with international financial institutions such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund, as well as some neighboring countries鈥?governments has considered
the problems causing by uncontrolled urban growth and by internal migration as a real priority. Overall, the suggestions of Albanian Government are as follows: 飦?Develop
and implement national strategies for sustainable development, with the assistance of development partners, in order to reverse trends in global warming. 飦?Intensify
the cooperation with the international institutions and the neighboring countries on the global warming issue. 飦?Promote the negotiations among the countries on the
basis of mutual help and respect , to reach agreement as soon as possible.
飦?Strengthen the capacity to implement the Kyoto Protocol and its constraint and
surveillance strength. 飦?Accelerate the laws鈥?constituting on uncontrolled
urbanization and the environmental problems. Although this problem remains to be
unresolved until today, the Albanian Government believes the potential to settle it
is still enormous, as long as all nations take strong actions now. Delay would be
dangerous. Despite there are a lot of barriers to get through, Albania will never
give up to make efforts against the global warming and hopes that all countries can
stick to their promise and finally achieve the permanent goal. 鑼冩枃鍏?浠,〃锛氶檲鍗澃 瀛,牎锛氬悜鏄庝腑瀛?鍥藉锛氶?杈惧姞鏂姞鍏卞拰鍥?濮斿憳浼氾細鑱斿悎鍥界粡娴庡拰绀句細鍙戝睍鐞嗕簨浼?璁锛氬浗闄呯Щ姘戝拰鍩庡競鍙戝睍 鐜颁粖锛屼笘鐣屼笂寰堝鍥藉閮介潰瀵圭潃鍥介檯绉绘皯涓庡煄甯傚彂灞曠殑闂銆傜敱浜庝笘鐣岀粡娴庡取鐞冨寲锛屽湴 缂樻斂娌诲彂灞曪紝閫氳鎶?鏈潻鍛斤紝浣庝环鍟嗕笟杩愯緭鍜屼汉鍙,粨鏋勫彉鍔ㄧ瓑鍘熷洜锛屽浗闄呯Щ姘戠殑鏁伴噺姝,湪涓?鏂湴澧為暱涓鍥介檯绉绘皯寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婂奖鍝嶄簡鍚勫浗鍩庡競鍙戝睍锛?瀵圭洰鐨勫浗鐨勫煄甯傜粡娴庛??绀句細銆?鐜銆?鏂囧寲璇告柟闈?彂灞曚骇鐢熻秺鏉ヨ秺鏄捐憲鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鏈夌Н鏋佺殑涓?闈紝涔熸湁娑堟瀬鐨勪竴闈傜Щ寰欎笌鍙戝睍鏈夌潃 鍗冧笣涓囩紩鐨勮仈绯伙紝鍙戝睍涓诲绉诲緳锛岀Щ寰欏弽杩囨潵鍙堝奖鍝嶅彂灞曘?傛墍浠ワ紝濡備綍浣垮浗闄呯Щ姘戣鑼冨寲锛?瀵瑰煄甯傚彂灞曡捣鍒扮Н鏋佷綔鐢紝鎴愪簡涓?涓渶瑕佹垜浠叡鍚屾帰璁ㄧ殑闂銆?鑱斿悎鍥姐?婂浗闄呯Щ寰欎笌鍙戝睍銆嬫姤鍛婃寚鍑猴細 鈥滃湪鏈?鐞嗘兂鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛岀Щ姘戝彲浠ヤ娇鎺ュ彈鍥姐?佸師绫?鍥藉拰绉诲緳鑰呮湰浜洪兘寰楀埌濂藉銆?鍚戝绉诲緳涓庤澶氫汉鏈?缁堝洖褰掍竴鏍凤紝 瀵逛簬鎸叴鍥藉缁忔祹鍙戞尌浜嗗喅 瀹氭?х殑浣滅敤銆?涓鸿揪鍒拌繖绉嶆渶鐞嗘兂鐨勬儏鍐碉紝 鈥?鍥介檯绀句細閮藉仛鍑轰簡寰堝ぇ鐨勫姫鍔涖??1946 骞撮?氳繃鐨?銆婁笘 鐣屼汉鏉冨瑷?銆嬪拰 1990 骞撮?氳繃鐨勩?婁繚鎶ゆ墍鏈夌Щ寰欏伐浜哄強鍏跺搴垚鍛樻潈鍒?浗闄呭叕绾,?嬩负绉诲緳鑰?鐨勪汉鏉冧繚鎶ゅ瀹氫簡鍩虹銆?鍥介檯绉绘皯缁勭粐涔熼?氳繃涓庡悇鍥藉悎浣滃鐞嗙Щ姘戦棶棰橈紝 纭繚绉绘皯鏈夌З搴忓湴 绉诲眳鎺ユ敹鍥姐?傚浗闄呯Щ寰欓棶棰樺取鐞冨鍛樹細鍦?2005 骞?10 鏈堝彂甯冪殑鎶ュ憡涓彁鍑?33 鏉″缓璁紝鏃ㄥ湪 鍔犲己瀵瑰浗闄呯Щ寰欓棶棰樼殑鍥藉銆佸尯鍩熷拰鍏ㄧ悆娌荤悊銆傛鐩熺瓑鍖哄煙闆嗗洟鎻愬嚭浜嗗尯鍩熸?у锛屾湁浜涘浗 瀹跺埗瀹氫簡鍙岃竟鍗忓畾锛屾潵纭繚绉绘皯娴佸姩鍦ㄦ湁鍏冲浗瀹朵簰鎯犵殑鎯呭喌涓嬭繘琛屻??浣滀负涓?涓潪娲茬殑鍙戝睍涓浗瀹讹紝 椹揪鍔犳柉鍔犲湪鍥介檯绉绘皯涓庡煄甯傚彂灞曢棶棰樹笂鍋氬嚭浜嗗法澶х殑鍔?鍔涖?傛垜浠富寮犲厖鍒嗗彂鎸ョЩ寰欒?呬笌鏈湴宸ヤ汉鐨勪簰琛ユ?э紝淇冭繘鎺ュ彈鍥界殑缁忔祹銆傞?氳繃绔嬫硶鏉ユ秷闄ょ鏃忔瑙嗐?佹瑙嗗濂炽?佹瑙嗙Щ寰欏伐浜恒?傚繀瑕佹椂锛屾垜浠垱寤虹壒鍒Щ姘戝尯鏉ヤ繚鎶ゆ枃鍖栧鏍锋?у彂灞曘??br /> 鍚屾椂锛屾垜浠篃璁炬硶鍏嬫湇涓庡叾浠栧浗瀹剁殑鍒嗘骞舵敼鍙樺浜ゆ斂绛栫殑鎴樼暐銆?椹揪鍔犳柉鍔犳斂搴滄彁鍊″彂杈惧浗瀹堕噰鍙栨洿鍔犲鏉剧殑绉绘皯鏀跨瓥锛?杩欐牱涓?鏂归潰浣垮緱鍙戝睍涓浗瀹跺彲 浠ラ?氳繃渚ㄦ眹澧炲姞鏈浗鐨勫姹囨敹鍏ワ紝 鍚屾椂瀛,範鍜屽紩杩涘彂杈惧浗瀹跺厛杩涚殑绉戝鎶?鏈紝 鍙,竴鏂归潰涔熶娇 寰楀彂杈惧浗瀹剁殑鍔冲伐甯傚満寰楀埌鏈夋晥鐨勮ˉ鍏呫??鎴戜滑寤鸿鍙戣揪鍥藉搴旇娑堥櫎绉绘皯銆傚浜庝互涓婇棶棰橈紝缃楅?灏间簹棰佸竷绉绘皯 鏀跨瓥鈶?紝 寮鸿皟鑾峰緱姘镐箙灞呯暀鏉冪殑澶栧浗浜哄湪浠ヤ笅鏂归潰渚濇硶浜湁涓庣綏鍏皯鍚岀瓑寰呴亣锛?浜湁灏变笟鏉冿紝 浜湁绀句細瀹夊取銆佺ぞ浼氬強鍖荤枟鎻村姪銆佺ぞ浼氫繚闅滐紝浜湁鍏叡璐骇鍙婃湇鍔,瓑銆?缃楅?灏间簹鏀垮簻寮鸿皟鍦
ㄥ浗闄呯Щ姘戜笌鍩庡競鍙戝睍鏂归潰浠ュ取鐞冨埄鐩婁负閲嶃??浣滀负鍙戝睍涓浗瀹讹紝 缃楅?灏间簹 鍚岃澶氬浗瀹朵竴鏍凤紝闈复鐫?鍥介檯绉绘皯甯,潵鐨勪汉鎵嶆祦澶遍棶棰樸?傜綏椹凹浜氭斂搴滆涓猴紝鍙戣揪鍥藉涓庡彂 灞曚腑鍥藉搴斿綋鏈変竴瀹氱殑浜烘墠浜ゆ祦锛屽苟閫氳繃杩欑鏂瑰紡淇冭繘鍩庡競鐨勫彂灞曚笌鍚勫浗鏂囧寲鐨勪氦娴佷笌铻?br />
鍚堛??鍦ㄥ浗闄呮櫘閬嶅叧娉ㄧ殑闈炴硶绉绘皯闂涓婏紝缃楅?灏间簹鍦ㄩ樆姝?潪娉曠Щ姘戞柟闈?仛鍑轰簡寰堝ぇ鐨勫姫鍔涖?備粠 2006 骞村垵鑷?2006 骞?9 鏈堬紝缃楅?灏间簹鏀垮簻宸茬粡鎴愬姛鍦伴樆姝簡 17 涓?5 鍗冧汉鐨勯潪娉曡秺澧冭鍔ㄣ??缃楅?灏间簹鏀垮簻璁や负锛?闈炴硶绉绘皯闂鏈夋崯鍥藉褰?薄锛?涓斾細瀵圭洰鐨勫湴鍥界殑绀句細娌诲畨鍜屽氨涓氶棶棰橀??鎴愪竴瀹氱殑褰卞搷銆備絾鏄浜庭潪娉曠Щ姘戠殑浜烘潈锛岀綏椹凹浜氬皢缁欎簣淇濇姢銆傜綏椹凹浜氭斂搴滆涓猴紝瑙,喅 闈炴硶绉绘皯闂鐨勬渶濂介?斿緞灏辨槸鍔犲己鍙戝睍涓浗瀹剁殑缁煎悎瀹炲姏锛屼績杩涘煄甯傚拰鍥藉鐨勭粡娴庡彂灞曘??瀵逛簬鐩墠鍥介檯绉绘皯鎵?甯,潵鐨勪汉鎵嶆祦澶便?佹枃鍖栧啿鍑汇?佺洰鐨勫湴鍥藉け涓氱巼澧炲姞銆侀潪娉曠Щ姘戦棶棰橈紝缃?椹凹浜氭斂搴滃悜濮斿憳浼氬拰鍚勫浗鍛煎悂锛?飦?鍙戝睍涓浗瀹跺彲浠ュ湪淇濈暀涓?瀹氭暟閲忕殑鏈浗浜烘墠鐨勫熀纭?涓婂悜鍏ㄧ悆杈撻?佷汉鎵嶏紝 浣滀负鍥炴姤锛?鍙戣揪 鍥藉涔熷簲鍚戝彂灞曚腑鍥藉杈撻?佷竴瀹氭暟閲忕殑浜烘墠銆傝繖鏍风殑绉绘皯涓嶄粎缁欎釜浣撳甫鏉ョ殑涓嶅悓鐨勪綋 楠岋紝鏇存槸璁?笘鐣屽悇鍥戒簰鐩镐簡瑙,殑濂芥柟寮忋??閫氳繃閫傚綋绔嬫硶鍜屽弽姝ц鏂规鎻湶鍜屾秷闄ゆ瑙嗚涓恒??鍙戣揪鍥藉涓嶅簲璇ユ帓鎸ゅ彂灞曚腑鍥藉鐨勪汉 鎵嶃??瀵瑰叿鏈夋皯鏃忕壒鑹茬殑姘戦棿鏂囧寲杩涜鍙戞壃锛?鍚稿紩鏇村鐨勫勾杞讳汉鐨勫叧娉ㄣ??涓斿湪淇濈暀鏈浗浼樿壇鐨?浼犵粺鏂囧寲鐨勫熀纭?涓婇?傚綋寮曞叆澶栧浗鏂囧寲锛屼績杩涘悇鍥芥枃鍖栫殑浜ゆ祦锛屼娇鍏跺叡鍚屽彂灞曘??鍦ㄧЩ姘戝悗鐢辩洰鐨勫湴鍥芥牴鎹Щ姘戣?呯壒鐐瑰紑灞曞煿璁?锛堝寘鎷瑷?鍩硅鍜屾妧鑳藉煿璁紝 浣垮叾鏇村ソ鍦?閫傚簲绉绘皯鍚庣殑鐢熸椿锛屽煿璁殑璐圭敤鍙氳繃绉绘皯鑰呭伐浣滃悗鐨勭即绋庤幏寰楋級 銆?鍔犲己瀵瑰彂灞曚腑鍥界殑浜洪亾鎻村姪锛屼粠鑰屾敼鍠勫彂灞曚腑鍥藉鐨勭幆澧冧互鐣欎綇浜烘墠锛屽噺灏戦潪娉曠Щ姘戯細 鈶犳敼鍠勮嚜鐒剁幆澧冿紙缁垮寲锛屾敼鍠勯珮绉戞妧鐮旂?涓績鐨勮鏂芥潯浠讹級 銆?鈶?敼鍠勪汉鏂囩幆澧冿紙鎻愰珮浜哄彛绱犺川锛岃繘琛岀埍鍥戒富涔夋暀鑲诧紝璁?彂灞曚腑鍥藉鐨勪汉鎵嶇浉淇?嚜宸卞浗 瀹剁殑瀹炲姏锛屽苟涓哄缓璁剧鍥藉仛鍑鸿础鐚級 銆傚皧閲嶄笉鍚屾皯鏃忔枃鍖栵紝鍑忓皯姘戞棌姝ц銆傜埍鍥芥暀鑲插緢 闅惧湪鑱斿悎鍥芥彁鍑猴紝杩欐槸鍥藉鍐呴儴闂銆?缃楅?灏间簹鏀垮簻鍦ㄥ浗闄呯Щ姘戝拰鍩庡競鍙戝睍鐨勯棶棰樹笂濮嬬粓淇濇寔鑷繁椴滄槑鐨勭珛鍦猴紝 璁や负浠ュ取鐞冨埄鐩婁负 閲嶆墠鏄悇鍥界殑瀹楁棬锛?涔熸槸鏋勫缓鍜岃皭涓栫晫鐨勫熀纭?銆?缃楅?灏间簹鏀垮簻鎰垮湪浠讳綍鍥介檯绉绘皯椤圭洰涓暚鐚?鏈?澶х殑鍔涢噺銆傚悓鏃讹紝缃楅?
范文二:立场文件范文两篇
立场文件范例分析 学校:****
国家:尼日利亚
代表:****
2004年12
10米,13个印度洋国家的21
万6000大的一场自然灾难之一,联合国公布死难者数字是至少22万3000此外,多国沿岸的酒店和村庄城镇也受到严重破坏,180经济损失近百亿美元。
并且非常愿意在本国承受范围之内以“不强制遣返,为原则接受部分难民,希望在印尼海啸难民问题中能发挥积极作用。
尼日利亚对印尼海啸难民问题的解决前景感到乐观。不久,国际社会包括,国际援助总额已经超过80金将陆续就位。的繁荣。
在救助活动中,我们都能清楚地意识到,要尽快地解决印尼海啸难
民问题,我们仍然需要处理好下面几个方面:
1、 海啸在世界范围内都存在着,为防止下次所海啸所带来的
爆发性难民问题,由联合国牵头建立全球海啸预警系统;
建立更加“有前瞻性、有战略性、公开和有效”的救援资金
分配机制,确实保证一部分资金用于解决印尼海啸难民问
题,避免救援资金被挪用或贪污;
加强国际合作机制,由联合国难民署牵头协调各国解决此
次的难民问题,登记注册灾区难民特别是灾区儿童,以防
人口贩卖,为难民提供生活住所,并且在经济、政策等方
面给予必要的援助,帮助难民重返家园; 2、 3、
难民问题在世界各地尤其是在广大的非洲国家中不断出现,尼日利
亚希望通过解决这次的印尼海啸难民问题,继续扩大联合国难民署的职
能,尼日利亚呼吁更多国家关注世界难民问题特别是非洲难民问题,呼
吁发达国家承担起解决此类难民问题的中坚作用。
难民重返家园的同时有成千上万的非洲难民无家可归,次呼吁国际社会加强合作,促进世界人道主义事业的蓬勃发展。
代表:应同、张子扬
学校:中国人民大学附属中学
国家:巴西联邦共和国
委员会:联合国环境规划署
议题:减排的全球合作与碳交易的全球推广
几百年来,人类的足迹遍布全球,大规模的工业化所产生的温室气体使得地球正在变得不堪重负。为了经济快速增长,各项建设取得巨大成就,我们付出了巨大的资源和环境代价。如若不尽快节能减排,几十年后我们将不得不面对自己一手造成的环境危机。巴西前总统卢拉称,环境问题是当下“刻不容缓”的议题,而巴西也的确十分重视环境保护与节能减排。巴西是目前世界上惟一不用纯汽油做汽车燃料的国家,也是世界上最早通过立法手段强制推广乙醇汽油的国家。巴西亦希望当下的环境危机引起国际社会的广泛关注,进而使更多国家加入节能减排的行列,确保环境的可持续能力;全球合作促进发展。巴西将继续支持联合国工作并呼吁各国共同推进环保事业,为了更好的环境携手开创更美好的未来。
1997年12月在日本京都制定了《京都议定书》,由此建立起来的减排体系也开始为“将大气中的温室气体含量稳定在一个适当的水平,进而防止剧烈的气候改变对人类造成伤害”的目标服务。然而由于《京都议定书》中规定减排额度较低、且在执行过程中遇到了许多困难,并没有很好地完成这个目标。如今《京都议定书》第一承诺期已过期,在制定第二承诺期的相关事宜时,巴方希望各国考虑到导致第一承诺期减排效果并不明显的原有体制的种种缺陷,现总结如下:
(1)缺乏对退出或不实现承诺的国家进行制裁的手段,原有体制缺少对缔约国强有力惩罚
措施。
(2)根据UNEP职责(f)款,原体制需要保证发展中国家在经济增长前提下减排的措施。
(3)一些碳排放大国没有加入或在加入后退出协约,造成一定程度的不良影响。
(4)原有体制缺少一个国际范围的具有公信力的碳交易平台、基金会处理相关问题。
(5)原有体制未能使目前已经较为成熟的新型能源获得大力推广
像上文列举的那样,《京都议定书》体系仍存在缺陷,为了有效地推进减排工作的进展,进而使后世免受环境困境,巴西希望推行新的减排体系,详细情况将在下文中介绍。
巴西认为,目前世界上经济已经有较大发展的发达国家尚为少数,而广大发展中国家仍处在大规模工业化、经济快速增长的阶段。目前如若过度限制发展中国家的排碳量,势必会影响到发展中国家的工业的健康发展,从而对其经济造成严重打击。但是,从长远来看,发展中国家的产业结构从由工业为主向由新兴产业为主势在必行。然而目前看来,发展中国家并没有掌握向新兴产业转型所必需的技术,依靠自身的发展并不能及时完成转型,而时间越久环境危机就越深重。
巴西再次强调根据UNEP职责(f)款,环保政策需要优先发展中国家的发展。因此巴西认为,实现发展中国家的转型迫切需要众发达国家的努力,并通过增强清洁发展机制的效力,
促进国家间技术交流、实现发达国家与发展中国家双赢。巴西认为减排应遵循“共同但有区别责任”原则,发达国家因其历史责任及现有的较大排放量需首先担起减排的责任,作出“非弹性承诺”。但巴西认为,同样不应忽略发展中国家的责任,并希望发展中国家做出弹性承诺。实行弹性承诺与非弹性承诺相结合可以突出体现减排的重点对象,以实现“共同但有区别责任”原则并通过对非弹性承诺的惩罚手段更好地促进减排。
现如今世界环境形势依然不容乐观,而目前《京都议定书》第二承诺期所签订的协议仍然存在不少漏洞,对此巴方提倡尽快出台切实、有效的新协定,以延续前辈们在《京都议定书》中节能减排的成果。这是与《京都议定书》相比巴方希望增加或修改的款项:
(1)弹性承诺指较宽松的较自由不受限的减排承诺;非弹性承诺指较严格的受一定约束的
(如惩罚措施)减排承诺;
强烈要求碳排放大国加入第二承诺期并承诺非弹性承诺,发展中国家承诺弹性承诺,并都明确减排数额和时限。
缔约国应遵循以下约束条款的精神,以备缔约国轻易退出或不实现其承诺:
(i)大多数缔约国同意某国退出,某国即可无损耗退出缔约。
(ii)一部分缔约国同意某国即可调整其弹性或非弹性承诺。
(iii)不足(ii)中一部分的缔约国同意,却又强行退出此协约或未实现非弹性承诺
需交付罚款(数额据其情况定)。
(2)为了使承诺执行更灵活顺利,将绿色气候基金改为国际碳排放交易所暨基金会。交易
所用于促进国际范围内健康稳定的碳排放交易。基金用于补偿缔约国(尤指承诺减排的发展中国家)减排导致的额外成本以及奖励绿色技术的发明者。交易所暨基金会所有经济行为都需透明。
(i)在此交易所出售达一定数目的碳排放指标即由交易所授予“绿色企业”称号。 (ii)交易所所得利润除维持其正常运作外皆用于基金。
(iii)缔约国退出协约时交纳的罚款需交付于该机构,作基金用。
(3)为了促进减排,清洁科技的流通,可以考虑对清洁发展机制的援助国进行以下补偿: (i)给予援助国通过援助科技带来的长期收益的部分作为补偿,长期受益数额由国际
组织进行估计。
(ii)在国际碳排放交易所暨基金会上援助国拥有被援助国的买卖优先权。(被援助国
优先买援助国的指标,被援助国优先将指标卖给援助国)。
(iii)援助国的企业和居民入被援助国境内时适当地放宽条件。
(iiii)各国可以在前三条的基础上实行各自的政策以吸引援助国援助。
(iiiii)给予援助国通过援助科技带来的减排量当量的自由兑换货币的一部分作为补
偿。
(iiiiii) 给予援助国通过援助科技带来的减排量的一部分作为额外补偿。 补偿的具体措施由援助国与被援助国双方商议。
(4)由于石油将耗尽,巴西倡导各国开始寻找新的能源出路。巴西提倡使用新能源中第二
代生物燃料。不像第一代需要以粮食为原料,第二代生物燃料取材相当广泛,秸秆、枯草等农业废弃物均可入料,保证了生物能源的可持续发展。第二代生物燃料对其他能源的优势在于,其一,它可直接用于汽车发动机替代石油;其二,其成本还将下降,大规模生产的可行性很强;第三,其供给非常充足而且可循环。巴西近年以此发电,取得了很好的成果。由此可见,第二代生物燃料正是苦于对石油过度依赖的出路。 巴西同时希望国际社会能愈加关注新能源的利用以及其技术的普及。为此,巴西倡导
实施以下手段:
(i)对于在绿色能源与环保能源等方面有突出贡献的国家、集体或个人,给予适当的
奖励。
(ii)鼓励新型能源的跨区域与全球性合作,以联合国的名义为跨区域及国际间新型能源合作提供交流的平台。
(iii)由各国派出专家共同作为国际研究新型能源的组织,派出专家的国家共享该组织科研成果。
巴西对于之前各国积极推进《京都议定书》减排工作的行为表示赞赏。然而巴西希望各国深知减排工作仍是任重而道远。因此巴西呼吁各国对减排问题给予更多的关注。希望碳排放大国加入第二承诺期缔约国的行列之中,希望发达国家与发展中国家担起自己的历史责任,共同减排,希望各国大力推广新能源,以避免未来出现的能源危机,希望巴方提出的新措施能得到国家社会广泛的重视。巴西希望看到各国共同努力,攻克难关,为联合国千年发展目标,尤其是“确保环境的可持续能力”而奋斗。希望人类拥有一个更加美好的未来!
范文三:立场文件范文
众所周知,各国核能力的发展使其能够将技术和材料转用于核武器。因此,防止此类转用的问题成为关于和平利用核能的讨论的中心议题。自二战以来,各国出于对本国安全和对外侵略的目的,纷纷发展核武器,为世界和平带来很大隐患。世界面临着“核恐怖主义”威胁。除原有的核国家外,现在又出现许多新生的有核国,比如以色列、印度、巴基斯坦等;这使得世界核不扩散问题已经非常严峻。澳大利亚认为,全力以赴支持《核不扩散条约》并积极参与对不遵守条约的国家的制裁是每一个国家不可推卸的责任与任务。
当年投在广岛、长崎的原子弹所遗留的辐射性物质造成的当地居民的很多现代医疗难以治愈的疾病。时至今日,核问题已成为时刻影响世界安全的问题。澳大利亚同时也作为核问题受到威胁的国家之一,这也使澳大利亚深刻意识到世界范围何不扩散的重要性。多年来,澳大利亚一直尽本国最大的努力维护世界的核不扩散问题。首先,澳大利亚签署了《核不扩散条约》并在多年来一直努力遵守,其次,澳大利亚只向与其达成核原料安全协议的国家出口铀矿石,不出口铀作制造核武、核推动战舰或其它军事方面的用途。澳洲亦强调,铀的买家必须遵守《核不扩散条约》,及避免把放射性产品交给第三国。并且,澳大利亚在2008年10月20日与日本共同推动成立了核不扩散与核裁军国际委员会。积极对国际核问题进行关注并采取措施。
《不扩散核武器条约》是世界各国理应遵守的国际条约。
1968年6月12日联合国大会通过了美苏制订的防止核扩散国际条约草案。
1968年7月1日,英、美、苏等59个国家分别在伦敦、华盛顿和莫斯科签署是项条约。
1970年3月5日,《不扩散核武器条约》正式生效。
1985年12月12日,朝鲜加入的《不扩散核武器条约》(但未按NPT条约要求在1年半内同国际原子能机构签订全面保障监督协定)。
1992年1月30日,北韩签订全面保障监督协定,4月协定生效,5月4日向IAEA提交了关于其所有核材料及相关设施的初始申报。
1995年4月,《不扩散核武器条约》缔约国在联合国总部召开的审议和延长该条约大会上,决定无限期延长这个条约。
1993年3月12日,朝鲜《不扩散和武器条约》的签订,对控制核武器扩散,减少核试验,停止核军备竞赛和削减核武器有着重大意义。是世界各国理应遵守的国际条约。 国内法律法规方面:
澳大利亚政府是绝对不会违反NPT条约的,并且为此做出了不懈的努力:
1)澳大利亚就遵守《核不扩散条约》方面积极制定政策。澳大利亚只向与其达成核原料安全协议的国家出口铀矿石,不出口铀作制造核武、核推动战舰或其它军事方面的用途。澳大利亚亦强调,铀的买家必须遵守《核不扩散条约》,及避免把放射性产品交给第三国,并且在与中国的协议中本国也郑重声明,澳大利亚出口到中国的铀只作和平用途,这一点中国代表应可以证明。
2) 政府机关方面:澳大利亚对核武器的研制始终持反对态度。
3)公众意识方面:本国采取一系列宣传措施保障和加强对核利用方面的正确认识。
国际形势的建议:
1)本国认为联合国需要进一步加强对核武器及核材料的控制。尤其是现今世界正处于一个并不安定的状态之下时,联合国有必要加大对核方面的管理力度。这对稳定发达国家和发展中国家关系,维护世界和平都有着十分重大的意义。
2)我国不得不提醒一些NPT的签署国,希望他们可以认真对待这一条约,不要以种种理由继续发展核武器及进行核试验,更不要与其他未签署NPT的国家合作发展核武器或提供物质及科技,专家方面的支援。澳大利亚政府敦促联合国把这一议题尽早提上讨论日程,
并认真监督各国对《核不扩散条约》的执行情况,以扭转当今某些国家的不正确做法,维护世界各国的正当利益和人权。
3)澳大利亚想提醒与会各国注意的是,发达国家可以在提供资源方面承担更多义务,积极进行核裁军,不向无核国家扩散核武器。但同时发展中国家也应该受到在民用核能上受到更多的监督,必须确保民用核能的技术成熟与安全。
4)同时,澳大利亚强调对伊朗等不遵守《核不扩散条约》的国家进行制裁,以此来体现国际环境对此的重视,并以此来告诫未发展核武器的国家,打消其在未来发展核武器的想法。 澳大利亚认为维护国际核能安全问题的主要依据还是《核不扩散条约》,该条约为所有国家提供了一份样本以及可以达成的共识,并且认识到各国之间应加强共同与相互监督。这也是对所有国家及我们的环境的一种责任与义务。
最后,澳大利亚重申它愿意竭尽全力促进核不扩散工作,即积极参与国际合作与交流,为国际社会的稳定和谐贡献自己的力量,为全人类的福祉尽一份力量。
范文四:立场文件范文.doc
范文一
Delegate: Wang Shichen
School: Shanghai Xiangming High School
Country: Algeria
Committee: Economy and Social Council
Topic: International migration
Nowadays, along with the rapid growth and development of economy and science, international migration has become a complex issue. Most countries worldwide, ranging from North Africa countries like Algeria to Asia countries, are concerning about the problem which touches on many other important and relevant national and international topic, including refugees, human rights, racial conflicts and the undeniable gap between developed and developing countries. In recent years, the phenomenon is turning more serious with the continually increasing population of international migrates. Not be protected by the countries they traveled to, the migrates also are not sufficiently protected by any international laws, and still no conventional agreement has been launched.
Regarding the international migration affair, the international community has launched a number of initiatives and measures to tackle this problem in recent several decades and progress has been made. Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading
inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
With 122 member states, a further 18 states holding observer status and offices in over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people.
The UN also recognizes the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development, as well as to the right of freedom of movement. Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, proclaimed in 1948, is a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations which has made great efforts on human right protection. It calls for all the nations, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
As a member of the Union of the Arab Maghreb which was established in 1989 within other four
African countries, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania , Algeria focus on the human trafficking problem ,and human rights issue.
The Algeria government wants to emphasize the importance of skilled migrants to every country, especially developing countries like Algeria. The situation of brain drain becomes more serious these years and deprives developing countries of much-needed doctors, scientists, professors and other skilled workers. Algeria desires more skilled workers coming back to their motherland and help establish a new society of their own country.
Also, Algeria suggests more countries have the signatures of the International Convention on the
Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families to have further
actions on human rights protection. Recognizing the progress made by certain States on a regional or bilateral basis towards the protection of the rights of migrant workers and members of their families, as well as the importance and usefulness of bilateral and multilateral agreements in this field, Algeria is willing to see a better and appropriate environment to the migrants and their families.
In order to fight against these problems in the international migration, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to these problems. As such, Algeria is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences in improving the situation of the migration. Algeria also expects to be able to cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the human rights of both the legal and irregular migrants as well as the refugees. With the joint efforts, a better environment for the migrants is predictable. References:
<1> International Organization for Migration
http://www.iom.int/jahia/jsp/index.jsp
<2> Universal Declaration of Human Rights
http://www.un.org/
<3> the Union of the Arab Maghreb
http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-07/10/content_964900.htm
<4> the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display.php?doc_id=558&category_id=32&category_type=3&group=Human%20rights%20treaties%20and%20other%20instruments
范文二
代表:曹心怡
学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学
国家:美国
委员会:国际难民署
议题:伊拉克难民问题
伊拉克冲突可以说人尽皆知,而伊拉克难民的人道主义危机却被严重忽视。伊拉克难民人数
的迅速增加严重威胁着地区稳定,如果国际社会再不采取行动,危机将愈演愈烈,甚至有失
控危险。伊拉克难民的人道主义危机严重,而且伊拉克难民的大量涌入给邻国造成沉重的社
会和经济负担,威胁地区稳定。要有效解决伊拉克难民问题,需要世界各国的援助,更需要
联合国难民署的积极行动和协调。
对于伊拉克难民问题,联合国难民署已在伊朗和伊拉克边境地区伊朗一侧建成了3座难民
营,准备接收来自伊拉克的难民。联合国难民署还宣布,为了收容更多因可能发生的战争而
出逃的伊拉克难民,难民署正在与伊朗合作,准备建造另外10座难民营。同时,联合国难
民署将先在伊北部库尔德人居住区以及伊南部城市巴士拉开展工作,因为那里有很多试图逃
往伊朗的伊拉克难民。在此之后,难民署有关人员再进驻巴格达。
美国政府认为,国际社会在伊拉克问题上对美国存在一定的误会。美国要强调的是,美国发
动伊拉克战争,目的在于“解除伊拉克武装,恢复伊拉克人民自由”。 伊拉克战争将几百万
伊拉克人从萨达姆的统治下“解放了”出来,使得中东地区变得更加稳定和更加安全,这场
战争同时还使美国免遭恐怖袭击而变得更加安全。布什总统在发动伊拉克战争时曾经这样告
诉伊拉克人:“在我们的联军剥夺了萨达姆政府的权力之后,我们将向你们提供你们所需要
的药品和食品,我们将彻底摧毁恐怖机器,我们将帮助你们建设一个繁荣自由的新伊拉克。”
因此,美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上也做出了很大的努力,并将给予接收伊拉克难民的约旦
和叙利亚等国家更多援助。
此外,在伊拉克,平均每 3人中就有一人经常喝不上干净的水,在医疗体系几近崩溃的情
况下,许多营养不良的儿童被并不严重的疾病夺去了生命。因此,医疗卫生问题应当成为援助的关键。美国呼吁各国重视这一严重的问题,并积极采取行动。
在伊拉克难民的问题上,美国政府有一个基本责任去为那些流离失所的伊拉克人提供人道主义援助。美国会给自2003年伊拉克战争后为美国服务和工作一年以上的伊拉克难民颁发特别移民签证,美国国务院将向伊拉克派遣官员加速伊拉克难民的审批工作。同时,美国将任命一位专职负责伊拉克难民事务的官员,以加快伊拉克难民在美国的申请和安置工作。 与此同时,美国政府认为,伊拉克难民问题不仅是伊拉克战争所带来的,更是目前的众多恐怖主义袭击的惨痛后果。同时,伊拉克内部的种族矛盾和各种冲突也是导致难民增加的重要原因。因此,美国坚决反对恐怖主义,反对种族矛盾,作为崇尚自由的国家,美国会尽最大的力量对受到此类威胁的伊拉克难民给予援助,更希望印尼、马来西亚、波斯湾各国、埃及和约旦等地的温和的穆斯林联合起来共同反对极端主义和恐怖主义。国际社会应当团结一心,帮助伊拉克度过难关,让伊拉克难民获得自由与解放。
对于目前伊拉克难民流离失所的问题,美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁: , 伊拉克周边国家(尤其是接收伊拉克难民最多的国家,也就是叙利亚和约旦)能够得到
国际社会的物质支持,为难民提供庇护所,从而能够应对大批难民给它们的经济和社会
带去的各种挑战。
, 西方国家积极采取行动,帮助伊拉克周边国家,尽量分散伊拉克难民,让他们得到更好
的安顿和发展。
, 各国(尤其是发达国家)加强国际合作、整合可利用资源,向伊难民提供卫生保健等基
本的医疗保障,防止疾病的肆虐,组织医务工作者到难民区进行义务看病。 , 各国(尤其是农业发达的国家)应向伊难民提供食品、安全饮用水等基本的生活保障,
与此同时加强救助行动的协调,针对国家的情况分配不同的援助物资,让各国都献出自
己的力量。
, 国际社会团结起来,在同一战线上,反对恐怖主义威胁,对于任何恐怖主义行动,都要
坚决打击和遏制,共同消灭恐怖组织。
, 对于伊拉克内部的种族冲突,各国应给予关注,并在相应的时候给予援助和调解。 , 各难民接受国应保护难民权利,使其融入当地社会,避免种族歧视现象,并在局势稳定
后让难民重返故乡。
美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上坚信,伊拉克人民的自由是全世界最希望看到的,美国相信伊拉克人民有权利也有能力享受人类的自由,也可以在整个中东地区建立一个重要、和平、自治国家的典范。况且美国每年接受的难民占了世界各国接受难民定居人数的一半,因此美国也希望和其他国家一道,在这一地区推进自由和和平,支持国际难民署的各种援助活动。这个目标不可能在一夜之间实现,它需要时间。人类自由的力量和对它的渴望体现在每个人身上,体现在每个国家身上,自由的伟大力量将会化解仇恨和暴力,让每个人都全身心地追求和平。这就是美国的选择。
范文三
代表:曹心怡
学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学
国家:美国
委员会:国际难民署
议题:印度洋海啸后的难民问题
印度洋海啸不仅造成了大比例的经济损失,而且由于人口密集,产生了大量的受灾人群,从而涌现了十几万难民。印度洋海啸过后,受灾国的基础设施、通讯设施、供电系统、供水系统以及机场全部被破坏,社会秩序和生活一度陷于瘫痪状态。而由于灾难本身的破坏性和人们心里的恐惧感,大量的人民无家可归并开始外套,于是产生了巨大的难民潮,并有愈演愈烈之势。因此,国际难民署应充分关注这一现象。
美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上坚信,只有人道主义援助才是解决难民问题的关键。
2004年12月27日,联合国向印尼等亚洲国家派遣了灾害评估和救灾协调工作组,美国、
日本、澳大利亚和印度组成了救灾“核心集团”,在此次海啸后作出了较大的贡献。截止到
2005年1月5日,美国最终确定援助款项为3.5亿美元,世界卫生组织向受灾严重地区运送
了大批纯净水设备,世界银行也拿出了2.5亿美元作为第一笔无偿援助。国际社会的“慷慨
解囊”让美国政府感到很欣慰。
美国政府认为,各国在接受和援助难民的同时也应关注到受灾国灾后重建的问题。因为对难
民的人道主义援助只能安抚灾后短时期内人们的恐慌心理,而为了让难民最后重返自己的家
园,世界各国都应从经济或技术上支援受灾国,受灾国也应充分利用本国原有的较完善的应
付意外灾难的机构,与援助国共同重建和发展受灾地区。
美国政府强调,世界各国在进行援助时应提供切实可行的办法和方案,进行有效的援助,而
非仅仅进行无意义的呼吁。接受难民的国家须形成承载意愿并提高承载能力,从而避免难民
抵达后产生的种族宗教矛盾和冲突。
基于印度洋海啸后所产生了各方面的的难民问题,美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁:
, 在不干涉内政的前提下建立一个印度洋海啸难民问题工作组,对各国的援助物资根据受
灾情况进行合理的分配,对物资的落实和有效使用进行监督,从而最优化地规划配制各
种国际援助。
, 重视受灾国灾后的传染病问题,派遣国际援助队进行医疗援助,从而防止传染病的大规
模爆发,安抚人心,稳定政局,避免大规模的难民的产生或者外流。
, 各国应提供紧急援助和金融保障,以保持物价的稳定,和基本生活水平的维持,并向受
灾国政府提供切实可行的办法和方案。
, 有实力的国家为受灾国家在海水淡化方面提供技术支持,让受灾国自行解决缺乏淡水的
问题,这样也有助于其未来的发展。
, 各难民接受国应重视难民所带来的种族宗教安全问题。
美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上始终保持自己鲜明的立场,认为世界各国首先应重视
这个问题,更重要的是要同美国等国家一样用实际行动积极参与人道主义援助。印度洋海啸
是不可预料的天灾,每个国家都不希望这样的灾难发生在本国身上,因此当各国都换位思考,
就会感到对受灾国进行援助的重要性和必要性。在面临这样的困难时,国际社会应用同样的
态度对待受灾的难民,以宽容的胸怀接纳他们,为他们创造一个幸福的大家园。
范文四
Delegate: Mao Ziyi
School: Xiangming High School
Country: Madagascar
Committee: General Assembly (GA)
Topic: The global warming problem
When the first settlers landed on Madagascar on the African Continent, they felt astonished- vast rain forests, rivers flowing among the mountains, and unknown animals. In spite of the rich nature resources, Madagascar is one of the world?s most underdeveloped countries besetting by poverty, diseases and environmental crisis by the 1990s. The climate change is an important reason. 100,000 people died of malaria in Madagascar heights in 1988, and the global warming should be blamed because it leaded to the outbreak of infections. It also causes the water shortage in this area, and it raises a vicious circle, not only in Madagascar but also in the whole world. The United Nations plays a significant role in the fight against global warming. In November 1988, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Program
(UNEP) jointly established a government International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It promoted the ?United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? in 1992 and the ?Kyoto Protocol? in1997. The UNEP also has a general estimate on polities to agricultural trades and biological diversity in Madagascar.
Madagascar Government now is applying itself to promote environmental awareness as well as techniques of environmental protection, civil society, education and business. Although the natural ecosystems in Madagascar have the feature of biological diversity, no matter climates or animals and plants, now they are threatened by rapid growth of population and extremely poor living conditions(During the 2003 World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, HEM Marc
Ravalomanana, and President of Madagascar announced an environmental protection plan that would triple the current protected area surface in Madagascar. The Government now is continuing to carry out the regulations in Law of National Environment to stop the actions which destroy the natural resources strictly and to cooperate with the nature(
The very problem we are now facing is the shortage of funds and technological supports(We are
trying to improve the proportion of the Government environmental expenditures in the national economy as a whole, however, we hope that the developed countries can cut off developing countries debts and provide more training programs like new exploitation methods or water resources development. Madagascar is also looking for the cooperation with countries in Africa Union or developed countries, which can make the most of or revolute the main economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc. to stimulate economic development and deal with urgent financial and living problems. Madagascar will be responsible to take approaches to protect national unique ecosystem and previous species, such as giving more attention to propagation by government, building protection areas or decreasing the disposal of pollutants. We need the assistance from the international organization. We also hope that the UN can react on climatic problems and give caution and assistance to developing countries.
The suggestions of the Madagascar government are as follows:
Speed up environmental protection plans and enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection in the country in 5 years.
Improve and perfect relating laws and import talents to protect local forests and rare animals and plants. Request for the assistance from international organizations.
Program main local economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc, to economic development and strengthen the abilities of national environmental protection. Sigh the trade treaty and tariff treaty with countries which share a common purpose.
Come to an understanding with Africa Union countries and reach further cooperation. Solicit financial and technologic aids from developed countries and strive after reducing debts, and look after the way to develop and advancement on the basis of solving the urgent problems on environment
In order to fight against the problems in environment, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to environment problems. As such, Madagascar is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences and techniques in improving the eco-construction and the eco-environment(Madagascar also expects to be able to
cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the ecological environment of our world. With the joint efforts, a better ecological environment is predictable. 范文五
Delegate: Xu Bingwen
School: Xiangming High School
Country: The Republic of Albania
Committee: General Assembly (GA)
Topic: The global warming problem
Global warming, the long-term threat to the entire environment, is a common concern of all countries. According to climate records, it has been hotter and hotter the last a few years. Precipitation patterns have changed, whilst sea levels have risen, and most non-polar glaciers are retreating. It is in nobody?s interest to have this status quo. If global warming continues unabated,
developing countries will be particularly affected by climate changing.
The United Nations has made great efforts over the years so as to reverse the trend. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established in 1988 was playing a momentous role in settling climate change. The reports they synthesized has contributed to the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and provided key input to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It?s certain
that IPCC will be influential in the formation of climate policy in the next several years. The Kyoto Protocol is the chief instrument for tackling climate change, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), one of the Kyoto mechanisms, also provides opportunities for developing countries? benefits. Though it entered into force on 16 February, 2005, the effect of KP remains to be proved.
The Republic of Albania has also made an obvious progress in combating global warming. After ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in April 2005, as a “developing” country under the Kyoto Protocol, Albania has no quantified greenhouse gas emission reduction targets during the first commitment period (2008-12) but can participates in the global carbon market under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. Now Albania?s first CDM project, WB Bio-Carbon Fund Assisted Natural Regeneration
Project is on-going, We have planned to transfer 280,000t CO2(in the period 2012-2017) to World Bank as Emission Reduction , to turn 10% tree crown cover increased to 30% , and to advance land area valued from 0.05ha to 1.0ha. At the end of February, the World Bank together with the Government of Albania conducted a workshop and clinic, “Accessing Carbon Finance”, for
government officials and local developers who can potentially benefit from the CDM. Albania expects more developing countries to participate in this project indeed.
The republic of Albania takes a firm stand on that the problem of Global Warming that reducing greenhouse gas emission is the indispensable requirement to all nations. The IPCC recently declared that human activities had "very likely" been the driving force in global warming problem over the last 50 years. So the reduction of greenhouse gas emission from human activities is a priority course to avert the damaging consequences of global warming. Albanian government will continue to develop the CDM project and call on industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol to access Carbon finance to invest projects in developing countries. It is a win-win approach that can help industrialized countries to meet their emission reduction targets and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. As a most vulnerable country, Albania looks forward to being provided more assistance and transferred new technologies against the risk of global warming. Since the beginning of the 1990s, Albania started to experience processes and vigorous urban growth. Some of the reasons made the process of country urbanization a serious problem. Lacking of basic living conditions and the scarcity of necessary
infrastructure and of vital and social services including the environmental problems have been in the main concerns of government. Albanian Government, in collaboration with international financial institutions such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund, as well as some neighboring countries? governments has considered the problems causing by uncontrolled urban growth and by internal migration as a real priority. Overall, the suggestions of Albanian Government are as follows:
, Develop and implement national strategies for sustainable development, with the assistance
of development partners, in order to reverse trends in global warming.
, Intensify the cooperation with the international institutions and the neighboring countries on
the global warming issue.
, Promote the negotiations among the countries on the basis of mutual help and respect , to
reach agreement as soon as possible.
, Strengthen the capacity to implement the Kyoto Protocol and its constraint and surveillance
strength.
, Accelerate the laws? constituting on uncontrolled urbanization and the environmental
problems.
Although this problem remains to be unresolved until today, the Albanian Government believes the potential to settle it is still enormous, as long as all nations take strong actions now. Delay would be dangerous. Despite there are a lot of barriers to get through, Albania will never give up to make efforts against the global warming and hopes that all countries can stick to their promise and finally achieve the permanent goal.
范文六
代表:陈卫杰
学校:向明中学
国家:马达加斯加共和国
委员会:联合国经济和社会发展理事会
议题:国际移民和城市发展
现今,世界上很多国家都面对着国际移民与城市发展的问题。由于世界经济全球化,地
缘政治发展,通讯技术革命,低价商业运输和人口结构变动等原因,国际移民的数量正在不
断地增长中。国际移民很大程度上影响了各国城市发展,对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、
文化诸方面发展产生越来越显著的影响,有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。移徙与发展有着
千丝万缕的联系,发展主导移徙,移徙反过来又影响发展。所以,如何使国际移民规范化,
对城市发展起到积极作用,成了一个需要我们共同探讨的问题。
联合国《国际移徙与发展》报告指出:“在最理想的情况下,移民可以使接受国、原籍
国和移徙者本人都得到好处。向外移徙与许多人最终回归一样,对于振兴国家经济发挥了决
定性的作用。”为达到这种最理想的情况,国际社会都做出了很大的努力。1946年通过的《世
界人权宣言》和1990年通过的《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》为移徙者
的人权保护奠定了基础。国际移民组织也通过与各国合作处理移民问题,确保移民有秩序地
移居接收国。国际移徙问题全球委员会在2005年10月发布的报告中提出33条建议,旨在
加强对国际移徙问题的国家、区域和全球治理。欧盟等区域集团提出了区域性倡议,有些国
家制定了双边协定,来确保移民流动在有关国家互惠的情况下进行。
作为一个非洲的发展中国家,马达加斯加在国际移民与城市发展问题上做出了巨大的努
力。我们主张充分发挥移徙者与本地工人的互补性,促进接受国的经济。通过立法来消除种
族歧视、歧视妇女、歧视移徙工人。必要时,我们创建特别移民区来保护文化多样性发展。
同时,我们也设法克服与其他国家的分歧并改变外交政策的战略。
马达加斯加政府提倡发达国家采取更加宽松的移民政策,这样一方面使得发展中国家可以通过侨汇增加本国的外汇收入,同时学习和引进发达国家先进的科学技术,另一方面也使得发达国家的劳工市场得到有效的补充。我们建议发达国家应该消除移民人数增加会导致目的国失业率增加的这一顾虑。在目的地国,多数不同背景的研究都表明,国际移徙的增加对总体工资水平和失业影响甚微。移徙者的职业分布与非移徙者迥异,也充分表明两者的互补性,而不是竞争性。我们也提倡发展中国家放宽投资移民的政策,这样可以实现较好的招商引资,加快目的国的城市经济发展。同时,也为发达国家拓宽全球市场提供了绝好的商机。我们同样不能忽视一个问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都应该通过立法或者其他切实有效的手段来消除歧视,包括系统性歧视、种族歧视、歧视妇女、由于国籍以及意识形态不同而产生的一切歧视。马达加斯加政府的建议如下:
, 发达国家适当放宽对定居移民和教育移民的政策,消除关于移民的不必要的顾虑 , 发展中国家适当放宽对投资移民的政策,不要过于封闭
, 通过立法等手段保证移徙者的生命财产安全,保障移徙者的人权,消除歧视 , 各国政府对失业移徙者进行适当的语言、技能培训
, 保护文化多样性,使各种文化自由地相互融合
, 严厉打击非法移民
马达加斯加政府真诚地希望扩大共识,减小甚至消除差异,促进合作,为全世界作出新的贡献。马达加斯加将言出必行,同时我们也需要整个国际大家庭的帮助。我们希望在我们的共同努力下,这些问题可以得到圆满的解决,我们也希望国际移民能够真正地对各国城市发展起到积极的、有益的作用。
范文七
代表:曹心怡
学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学
国家:罗马尼亚
委员会:经社理事会
议题:国际移民和城市发展
在整个人类历史中,移徙始终是人们决意克服不利条件、改善生活状况的一种大胆方式。当前,由于全球化趋势以及通信交通的进步,希望并有能力移居别处的人数已经大为增加。在1992,2003年期间有80多万罗马尼亚人移居国外。到2004年,估计有150,200万罗马尼亚人生活在国外,每年合法向国外移民人数为,万人。据统计,国际移民绝大部分涌入目的国的城市,对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、文化诸方面发展产生越来越显著的影响。 罗马尼亚政府认为,国际移民与城市发展是相辅相成的。国际移民能够使输出国减轻劳工过剩国劳动力市场的压力,还可以通过回移促进储蓄、知识和技术转移。同时,移徙者与本地工人的互补性,有利于促进接受国的经济发展。前任联合国秘书长安南表示,国际移徙是促进共同发展的理想手段?。安南还指出,国际移徙也呈现出许多问题,包括造成不少国家人才外流,许多移徙人员的人权遭到侵犯、权益被剥夺等。对于以上问题,罗马尼亚颁布移民政策?,强调获得永久居留权的外国人在以下方面依法享有与罗公民同等待遇:享有就业权,享有社会安全、社会及医疗援助、社会保障,享有公共财产及服务等。
罗马尼亚政府强调在国际移民与城市发展方面以全球利益为重。作为发展中国家,罗马尼亚同许多国家一样,面临着国际移民带来的人才流失问题。罗马尼亚政府认为,发达国家与发展中国家应当有一定的人才交流,并通过这种方式促进城市的发展与各国文化的交流与融
合。
在国际普遍关注的非法移民问题上,罗马尼亚在阻止非法移民方面做出了很大的努力。从2006年初至2006年9月,罗马尼亚政府已经成功地阻止了17万5千人的非法越境行动。罗马尼亚政府认为,非法移民问题有损国家形象,且会对目的地国的社会治安和就业问题造成一定的影响。但是对于非法移民的人权,罗马尼亚将给予保护。罗马尼亚政府认为,解决非法移民问题的最好途径就是加强发展中国家的综合实力,促进城市和国家的经济发展。 对于目前国际移民所带来的人才流失、文化冲击、目的地国失业率增加、非法移民问题,罗马尼亚政府向委员会和各国呼吁:
, 发展中国家可以在保留一定数量的本国人才的基础上向全球输送人才,作为回报,发达
国家也应向发展中国家输送一定数量的人才。这样的移民不仅给个体带来的不同的体
验,更是让世界各国互相了解的好方式。
, 通过适当立法和反歧视方案揭露和消除歧视行为。发达国家不应该排挤发展中国家的人
才。
, 对具有民族特色的民间文化进行发扬,吸引更多的年轻人的关注。且在保留本国优良的
传统文化的基础上适当引入外国文化,促进各国文化的交流,使其共同发展。 , 在移民后由目的地国根据移民者特点开展培训(包括语言培训和技能培训,使其更好地
适应移民后的生活,培训的费用可通过移民者工作后的缴税获得)。 , 加强对发展中国的人道援助,从而改善发展中国家的环境以留住人才,减少非法移民:
?改善自然环境(绿化,改善高科技研究中心的设施条件)。
?改善人文环境(提高人口素质,进行爱国主义教育,让发展中国家的人才相信自己国
家的实力,并为建设祖国做出贡献)。尊重不同民族文化,减少民族歧视。爱国教育很
难在联合国提出,这是国家内部问题。
罗马尼亚政府在国际移民和城市发展的问题上始终保持自己鲜明的立场,认为以全球利益为重才是各国的宗旨,也是构建和谐世界的基础。罗马尼亚政府愿在任何国际移民项目中敬献最大的力量。同时,罗马尼亚政府希望各国能够为了全人类的利益做出适当的妥协,使国际移民成为促进各国的交流与发展的一种途径,并能够给许多城市补充新鲜的血液,让世界各国的人民如家人般团结,让世界更加和谐美好。
对于罗马尼亚政府在本届经社理事会中的立场文件的注释与说明:
? 见前任联合国秘书长安南在2006年6月6日向联大提交的《国际移徙与发展问题报告》 ? 见罗马尼亚2002年第194号外国人紧急法令修正案。
范文五:模拟联合国立场文件中文范文
(中文范文)
代表:
学校:
国家:
委员会:
议题:金融危机中的国际合作
自2008年9月以来,由美国次贷危机所引发的金融、经济危机已经波及全球。在此期间,如华尔街五大投资公司的彻底消失,股市、期货的一路贬值,各国经济指标的自由落体式的下滑,都不约而同地一再证明,我们如今所面临的是近百年来最为严重的经济危机。不仅如此,由经济低迷所引发的失业率一路攀升等一系列深刻的社会矛盾,已使此问题的严重性与日俱增,已成为各国政府当下所面临的最为紧迫的挑战之一。
马其顿作为东欧这一受到经济危机影响最为深远区域的国家,——正面临着空前的挑战。外国资本的外流,国际劳动力市场需求的下降,国际出口市场的严重萎缩等外部因素,加之国内购买力下降、失业率攀升、社会福利压力等内部因素,已使我国政府所面临的困境步入了一个刻不容缓的境地。
我国认为,此次危机虽然其直接诱因为华尔街企业家们的腐化与贪婪,但其深层原因则是国际经济金融监管体制的漏洞百出,国际社会缺乏互信与有效的合作,国际经济由各传统经济大国主导而忽视了小经济体和新兴经济体的权益。
为了应对经济危机及其衍生问题,我国政府已经采取切实有效的行动,诸如经济救援一揽子计划,扩张性经济发展刺激计划等,并已经达到了预期效果。
马其顿政府承诺,我们有能力、有信心应对国内问题,确保不为国际社会增加更多不稳定因素。我国政府,也将本着负责任的态度,与国际社会通力合作,确保地区性稳定。
马其顿政府欣慰地看到,国际社会在诸如联大、G20峰会中都已表达了战胜危机的勇气与决心。但我国政府也切实地认识到了国际层面上合作和有效行动的缺乏。同时,我国为国际社会对小经济体的边缘化与忽视表达出有保留的异议。 我们看到了其它国家的努力,诸如提出建立起全新的经济金融监管机制的设想等。我国政府认为,一切切实有效的负责任的行动,我们都是给予支持的,而对于某些特殊国家推卸责任的举动,我国政府和人民表示强烈不满。
我国政府在此提出以下建议:
1. 进一步由国际社会通过各种渠道向Worldbank和IMF等国际组织的风险应对基金注资,以进一步扩大G20峰会的注资成果。
2. 希望通过本次大会,向WTO等国际贸易组织发出呼吁,进一步打击贸易壁垒,进一步限制各国进出口税率,防止贸易战的发生。
3. 建立全新的世界货币,作为国际贸易的最终结算,取代以美元为工具的现行准世界货币地位。
4. 逐步建立、健全全新经济、金融监管机制,以取代现有监管体系,以此加强体制监管的力度。
5. 建议经过大会,呼吁WB与IMF进一步扩大对各有困难经济体的投资救援,起到稳定国际大环境的作用。
6. 建议各国政府进一步扩大投资,实施有效的扩张性经济刺激计划,稳定、扭转实体经济下滑的颓势,进而解决高失业、购买力不足等问题。
7. 建议成立“国际经济振兴行动统一协调委员会”,旨在协调各国救助政策,使利好因素达到最大化。
8. 建议建立“小经济体?新兴经济体经济联盟”,旨在通过此方式进一步扩大整个小经济体?新兴经济体在国际经济金融层面上的话语权,以确保其利益不会因被大国忽视而成为牺牲品。
9. 呼吁各国政府不要单方面为本国银行进行担保,以增加别国银行业的风险,避免发生不正当竞争。
10. 呼吁各国政府不要放任大型跨国企业实施破产保护,以避免高失业率进一步攀升。
11. 呼吁国际社会共同行动,通过不懈努力,消化分解金融行业中不良资产,以帮助世界经济早日恢复。
马其顿政府深刻地认识到了问题的严重性,但我们同时也十分充满信心的认为,通过国际社会更加合理务实的努力,这些问题会得到令人满意的解决。历史的一切经验和事实都已告诉我们,公义必胜,合作前景空前。
我国真切地希望与其它国家一同努力,共赴难关。
立场文件(position paper)
一、 立场文件的内容(content and form)
一份出色的立场文件应该有理有据、语言精准,并且鲜明、准确、有力地阐述本国针对某一议题的立场。广而言之,立场文件顾名思义,就是阐述本国的立场;具体来讲,一份出色的立场文件需要包含以下方面的内容:
本国在该议题中的基本立场与态度;
本国赞成及签署的与该议题相关的国际协议,本国参与的与该议题相关的国际合作和行动;
本国与该议题的相关程度,对于解决该问题在国内曾经采取过的重要行动、通过的重要法案;
本国对于解决该问题所提出的相关建议(包括国内措施和国际行动); 本国领导人及政要发表的有关该议题的重要讲话;
本国在该议题中的相关利益总结及立场底线总结。
为了进一步说明立场文件中所应包含的具体内容,下面将举一实例,如裁军与国际安全委员会(Disarmament and International Security Committee)的英国(United Kingdom)代表在写作关于反对恐怖主义的国际合作(International
Cooperation in Counter-Terrorism)这一议题的立场文件时,应该包含以下的具体内容:
英国对于恐怖主义问题的态度,对于国际反恐合作的基本立场;
英国赞成和签署的国际反恐合作条约,英国所参与的国际反恐合作行动; 英国国内的恐怖主义活动情况以及英国政府所采取的相关措施、为应对反恐所通过的相关法律;
英国认为国际社会应该如何解决恐怖主义问题,对于国际反恐合作的具体建议; 英国领导人在正式场合所发表的关于国际反恐的发言和基本立场表态; 国际反恐合作与英国国家利益的相关程度,英国对反恐问题的立场底线。
二、立场文件的结构(structure)
一般来讲,立场文件分为四个段落比较合理,分别为基本立场、国际行动、国内行动、解决方案。采取这样的“四段式”文章结构,能够使立场文件观点明确、内容全面、环环相扣、逻辑清楚。
第一段为本国对该议题所持的基本立场和态度的阐述。此段应总启全文、开门见山,明确清晰地表明本国的基本立场——即所讨论的问题与本国的利益关系,以及本国对于此问题所持的明确立场。在后文的论述中,全文应该围绕着本段的观点和立场进行展开陈述。
第二段应简述本国所参与的与议题相关的国际行动。国际行动既包括本国所参加的国与国之间对于解决此问题所采取的共同行动方案,也包括本国赞成、同意、签署的相关国际条约的内容。
例如,澳大利亚代表在写作关于全球气候变暖议题的立场文件时,可以引用相关资料、数据及本国领导人的讲话和政策支持本国的观点,如:“澳大利亚签署并全力支持《联合国气候变化框架公约》(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)以及《京都议定书》(Kyoto Protocol)的相关规定”。
第三段应阐述本国对于解决该问题所采取的国内行动。在本段中要详细讲述本国国内利益与此议题的相关程度,并且介绍本国应对该问题所曾采取的具体措施、通过的相关法律等。
例如,再次以上面澳大利亚代表写作关于全球气候变暖议题的立场文件为例,澳大利亚代表的立场文件中可以出现以下的内容:“根据澳大利亚国家天气与气候研究中心的数据,自1993年以来,全球变暖正影响地球海平面以每年3毫米或更快的速度增长,海平面上升严重影响力澳大利亚沿海低地,并且对太平洋中的一些岛屿构成了切实的威胁。2006年澳大利亚总理霍华德签署了一项5亿澳元的特别基金,旨在发展本国的清洁能源建设以防止气候变暖为澳大利亚带来的恶劣影响”。
第四段提出本国认为解决该问题所需要在国内和国际层面采取的具体措施与行动。模拟联合国会议的最终目标是为了解决国际问题,因此各国应该根据本国的立场和全球的利益提出切实可行的解决方案。立场文件中所提出的解决措施应该具体、可行、合理,而不是泛泛而谈。
例如,同样在全球气候变暖问题上,澳大利亚可以在立场文件中提出解决方案:“澳大利亚认为解决全球气候变暖的根本措施在于控制能源消耗及研发清洁能源。在科研方面,各国应该进行实质性的技术交流,共同开发具有可持续性的新
能源;在气候治理方面,在遵循《京都议定书》中‘共同但有区别的责任’的同时,澳大利亚敦促发达国家和发展中国家承担更多的二氧化碳减排责任。” 需要注意的是,立场文件没有固定的内容要求,以上只是推荐一种最为常用的写作立场文件的形式。无论形式如何,立场文件的核心都是要完整、清晰、明确地表达出本国在某一特定议题中的立场。此外,立场文件没有必要一定分成四个段落,如果其中某一部分的内容较多,可以分成两个段落来写,每一个段落五至六个句子最佳。
4>3>2>1>