2014年陕西中考化学真题+

范文一：2014年陕西中考化学真题+答案

2014年陕西中考化学试题

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共14分）

可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1 O —16 Na —23 S —32 Cu —64 一、选择题（共7小题，每小题2分，计14分，每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的） 9. 化学与生活、生产及可持续发展密切相关。下列说法不正确的是( ) ．．．

A . 经常食用豆奶，可为人体补充丰富的维生素 B ．NaHCO 3受热分解放出CO 2，可用作灭火剂的原料 C . 将锅炉燃料煤改气，可减轻大气污染 D . 回收利用废旧金属，可节约金属资源 10. 实验室制取CO 2的有关操作如下图。不正确的是（）．．．

拉注射器活塞

稀硫酸块状

大理石

气体

燃着的木条

水

A . 检查气密性 B . 制气 C . 收集 D . 验满

11. 某反应的微观示意图如下，有关说法正确的是（）

＋

一定条件

氮原子

＋

氧原子氢原子

a b c d A . 该反应属于置换反应 C .b 、d 两种物质均由分子构成

．氧原子的结构示意图为+8

D .a 物质中氮元素的化合价为+3价

12. 陕南盛产茶叶，茶叶中含茶氨酸（化学式为C 7H 14O 3N 2）、锌、硒等多种成分，茶树适宜在pH 为5～6的土壤中生长。下列说法不正确的是（）．．．

A . 茶氨酸由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素组成 B ．茶氨酸属于有机物，锌、硒指单质 C . 一个茶氨酸分子中含3个氧原子 D . 茶树不宜在碱性土壤中生长 13. 运用推理、归纳、类比、对比的方法得出下列结论，其中合理的是（） A . 铝的金属活动性比铁强，则铝制品比铁制品更易锈蚀 B ．水和过氧化氢的组成元素相同，则二者的化学性质相同

C .Na 、Mg 、Cl 的最外层电子数均为8，由此得出离子的最外层电子数均为8 D . 同温下分解氯酸钾，加催化剂的反应速率更快，说明催化剂可以改变反应速率 14. 下列实验能达到目的的是（）

＋

2＋

－

15. 下列实验所对应的两种方案均正确的是（）

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共36分）

二、填空及简答题（共5小题，计19分）

16. （3分）Ⅰ、Ⅱ两小题只选做一题，如果两题全做，只按Ⅰ题计分。 Ⅰ. 水是一种重要的自然资源。

（1）水厂处理水时，有时会向水中加生石灰，此过程发生的是（选填“物理”或“化学”）变化。

（2）日常生活中降低水硬度的方法是。（3）电解水时，用来检验右图B 试管中的气体。

Ⅱ. 右图是一种防霾新产品——鼻用空气净化器。它的填充物是硅胶，硅胶可表示为mSiO 2·nH 2O 。（1）塑料是（选填“天然”或“合成”）材料。（2）从组成元素种类分析，SiO 2属于。

（3）硅胶的结构疏松多孔，对PM 2.5的吸收率达99%，说明其具有性。

清新空气

硅胶

含PM2.5

的空气

A B

17. （3分）今年5月，中俄签署了东线天然气合作协议。天然气不充分燃烧会产生炭黑或一氧化碳。（1）CO 具有还原性，写出其在工业上的一种具体用途。（2）CO 与CO 2可以相互转化。CO 2在高温下与反应生成CO 。

（3）将CO 2通入紫色溶液中，溶液变红的原因是。 18. （4分）下表是硝酸钾与氯化铵在不同温度下的溶解度，分析表中数据，溶回答问题。

℃

解度/g

（1）上述右图，甲可表示

的溶解度曲线。

（2）60℃时，两种物质的饱和溶液中，溶质质量分数较小的是。（3）20℃时，按图示操作：

B 中的溶液是（选填“饱和”或“不饱和”）溶液，C 溶液中溶质与溶剂的质量比是。

50g 水

加入10g

NH 4Cl

再加入10g NH 4Cl

升温至40℃

19. （4分）金属材料应用广泛，如电路板中常用到焊锡、铜、银、铁等。

（1）焊锡与其组成金属相比，具有的特性，可用来焊接电子元件。

（2）将Cu 片插入AgNO 3溶液中，发生反应的化学方程式为。（3）若要验证Cu 、Ag 、Fe 的活动性强弱，可选择的试剂组是（填序号）。 A . Fe 、Cu 、Ag 、稀硫酸 B . Cu 、Ag 、FeSO 4溶液 C . Fe 、Ag 、CuSO 4溶液 20. （5分）某班同学为验证酸的化学通性，做了五组实验。分析并回答问题。

稀盐酸稀硫酸

Zn 粒

Fe 2O 3

滴有酚酞的

NaOH 溶液

AgNO 3溶液 BaCl 2溶液 K 2CO 3溶液 Na 2CO 3溶液

D E

（1）A 组试管中都产生H 2。若要制得较纯的H 2，选稀硫酸而不选盐酸的原因是。

（2）B 组试管中实验现象相同，该现象是。（3）写出C 组任一试管中发生反应的化学方程式。（4）上述五组实验中没有体现酸的通性的是（填序号）三、实验及探究题（共2小题，计12分） 21. （5分）分析下图，回答问题。

图一

图二

图三

（1）图一两种组装仪器的操作中正确的是（填序号）。

（2）图二C 装置试管中反应的化学方程式是；D 装置中的现象是：剧烈燃烧，，放出热量。

（3）从高锰酸钾分解后的剩余固体中分离出二氧化锰，需经过溶解、过滤等操作。请从图三中选出这两种操作均不会用到的仪器（填序号）。．．

22. （7分）在一次用餐中，同学们对燃料“固体酒精”产生了好奇，于是对其成分进行探究。【查阅资料】（1）该固体酒精是用酒精、氯化钙和氢氧化钠按一定的质量比混合制成。（2）氯化钙、氯化钡溶液均呈中性。

【提出问题】

（1）酒精中是否含有碳元素？（2）固体酒精中的氢氧化钠是否变持？【实验探究】（1）按右图实验，发现澄清石灰水变混浊，可得出酒精中含有碳元素的结论。此结论（选填“合理”或“不合理”）

。

（2）取少量固体酒精于烧杯中，加足量的水充分溶解后静置，发现烧杯底部有白色沉淀。取沉淀于试管中加稀盐酸，有气泡产生。写出产生气体的化学方程式。

固体酒精内壁涂有

澄清石灰水

分析实验并结合资料得出氢氧化钠已变质。（3）为进一步确定氢氧化钠的变质程度，分组探究。 ①甲组取烧杯中上层清液于两支试管中，按下图探究。

②乙组认为甲组实验不能证明清液中一定有氢氧化钠，理由是。他们另取烧杯中上层清液，加足量氯化钡溶液，充分反应后滴加酚酞溶液，酚酞溶液变红。【实验结论】经讨论一致认为固体酒精中氢氧化钠部分变质。

【反思交流】乙组实验中加足量氯化钡溶液的目的是。【拓展应用】要除去部分变质的氢氧化钠溶液中的杂质，可选择适量的（填序号）。 A . Ba(OH)2溶液 B .

CaCl

溶液

C . Ca(OH)2溶液四、计算与分析题（共1小题，计5分）

23. 小宇用配制的10% 的CuSO 4溶液测定一瓶NaOH 溶液中溶质的质量分数。

（1）下图是配制CuSO 4溶液的操作过程，正确的顺序是（填序号）。

a b c d e

（2）取NaOH 溶液25g ，向其中加入10% 的CuSO 4溶液40g 时恰好完全反应。计算NaOH 溶液中溶质的质量分数。

2014年陕西中考化学试题参考答案

一、选择题

9. A 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C 二、填空及简答题

16. Ⅰ. （1）化学（2）煮沸（3）带火星的木条 Ⅱ. （1）合成（2）氧化物或化合物或非金属氧化物 17. （1）冶炼金属或炼铁或作燃料（2）碳或炭黑或焦炭或C

（3）二氧化碳与水反应生成的碳酸使紫色石蕊溶液变红或生成了碳酸或CO 2＋H 2O ＝H 2CO 3（其他合

理答案均可）

18. （1）KNO 3或硝酸钾（2）NH 4Cl 或氯化铵（3）饱和 2：5

19. （1）熔点低（2）Cu ＋2AgNO 3＝Cu(NO3) 2＋2Ag （未配平扣1分，化学式错误扣2分。）（3）C 20. （1）盐酸有挥发性或盐酸会挥发出氯化氢气体或制得的氢气中混有氯化氢气体（2）红色（或红棕色）固体逐渐消失，溶液变成黄色

（3）NaOH ＋HCl ＝NaCl ＋H 2O 或2NaOH ＋H 2SO 4＝Na 2SO 4＋2H 2O （评分标准同上）（4）D 三、实验探究题

21. （1）A （2）2KMnO 4 K 2MnO 4＋MnO 2＋O 2↑ 火星四射，生成黑色固体（3）F 22. 【实验探究】（1）合理（2）CaCO 3＋2HCl ＝CaCl 2＋H 2O ＋CO 2↑（评分标准同上）（3）①白色沉淀 ②Na 2CO 3溶液呈碱性，也能使酚酞溶液变红

【反思交流】除尽Na 2CO 3（或CO 32），防止影响对NaOH 的检验。【拓展应用】A C

－

四、计算与分析题 23. （1）ecbad

（2）解：设氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量为x 。 CuSO 4 ＋ 2NaOH ＝ Cu(OH)2↓ ＋ Na 2SO 4 160 80 40g ×10% x

40g ?10％ 160＝解得x ＝2g

80x

氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数为：

?100％＝8% 25g

答：氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量分数为8% 。

范文二：2016陕西中考英语真题及答案

2016年陕西省中考英语试题

第I卷（共65分）笔试部分 III. 单项选择（共10小题，计10分）本题共有10个小题，请从每个小题的四个选项中，选出一个答案。 21. Good words can touch not only your heart but also . A. I B. my C. myself D. mine 22. Yesterday I saw film. It moved me deeply. A. a B. an C. the D. / 23. The dress is really beautiful, it is too small for me. A. or B. but C. so D. and 24. It?s a good idea to send the old books the children who need them. A. at B. of C. to D. by 25.---Could you tell me it takes to walk to the Disneyland? --- About 20 minutes. A. how far B. how long C. how often D. how soon your English will be. A. The less; the more B. The more; the better C. The less; the better D. The more; the less 27. Football to our school subjects last year. A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added 28. My mother a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 29. ---Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains. --- . A. How great a man B. How great men C. What a great man D. What great men 30. I didn?t accept his help I wanted to try it myself. A. because B. though C. until D. unless IV. 完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 One day during a Spring Festival, I was taking a walk near my house when suddenly there came a voice, “Excuse me, sir.” I turned around and saw an old beggar(乞丐). “Have you 31 some money, about fifty yuan, around here? I lost it just now.” He looked at me and 32 my reply. “Sorry, I haven?t,” I answered. He went away saying in a low voice, “Where is it? 33 Should I do now? I really need the money.”

. Then I got an idea. I took out a fifty-yuan note(纸币)

and dropped it on the ground. “Here! Here is the money!”it to him.

Then I walked towards my house. A week later, on a snowy afternoon, I heard someone knocking at the door. It was the old and said “that day, for the money I lost was in change(零钱)。 But my wife and I really needed it to buy some medicine for her. So I didn?t return it to you.” He added, “I have nothing to pay for your, here?s some rice I got from door to door for your children. As the saying goes, ?A child who is fed by many families grows stronger.? I will you like it” Hearing his words, my wife and I were so moved that tears ran down our faces. 31. A. made B. lent C. seen D. dropped 32. A. looked for B. paid for C. left for D. waited for 33. A. How B. Which C. What D. Why 34. A. worried B. bored C. interested D. relaxed 35. A. pushed B. passed C. led D. threw 36. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. hardly 37. A. food B. drink C.cloth D.money 38. A. well B. sick C.busy D.free 39. A. cuteness B. illness C.kindness D.sadness 40. A. before B. whether C. though D.if V. 阅读理解（共10小题，计10分）

第一节：阅读下面一篇短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用 “B”表示。（共5小题，计5分） A

There are twenty seven bridges over the River Thames. And the Tower Bridge is the first bridge you have to pass if you go to London from the sea. It is close to the Tower of London, from which it got its name. It is a symbol (象征) of London. The Tower Bridge was set up over the River Thames in London in 1894 and is one of the

finest and most famous bridges in the world. It is the only bridge over the Thames that can be raised and opened in the middle. The middle part can be raised to let the huge ships pass. It used to

be raised about 50 times a day, but now it is raised only 4 to 5 times a week. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two arms open high in the air, you will never forget it.

The Tower Bridge stands just on the south side of the Tower of London. People often think

they are of the same age. But in fact, the Tower of London was built a thousand years ago, while the Tower Bridge only has a history of over one hundred years.

The Tower Bridge was first painted chocolate brown. Then in 1977, it was painted red, white and blue. Its picture also appeared in the opening of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games held in London. So come to visit the famous bridge. You are sure to have a wonderful experience. 41. The color of the Tower Bridge hasn?t changed for more than a hundred years.( ) 42. In 1894, the Tower Bridge was built in London. ( )

43. The Tower of London has a much longer history than the Tower Bridge. ( ) 44. The Tower Bridge is now raised less often than in the past. ( ) 45. This passage means to introduce the Tower of London. ( )

第二节：阅读下面B、C、D三篇短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答问题所提问或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。（共10小题，计15分）

Li Chunlin, a farmer, used to live in a poor village in the north of Shaanxi. In the 1980s, he went to Shenzhen to make a living with his wife.

Years later, they became rich and returned to their hometown. To their surprise, the land around the village was covered with sand. That made them feel sad. After thinking carefully, Li and his wife made up their minds to fight against the sands.

They bought thousands of young trees and planted them around the village. However, only a few survived(存活), because the trees were not regularly watered. But how to get water was a big problem. They dug a well(井) but it became dry soon. Then they asked a drilling team to dig a deep well. Clear water appeared, but their money was used up. They couldn?t afford to buy young trees. They went to several banks for help but got nothing. Finally they turned to a friend who was also from the village. The friend had a big business. Learning what they were doing, their friend was moved and decided to do something for their village too. So he offered the money the needed.

With the money, they bought trees and had them planted. They looked after the trees as if they were their own children. After some time, green leaves came out. When the villagers saw the changes, some started to join Li and his wife in the fight. Then more joined. Years went by. And now larger areas around the village are covered with green trees.

46. When Li and his wife returned from Shenzhen, they were sad because . A. the land around the village was covered with sand.

B. they didn?t have enough money to buy trees. C. their village was not as beautiful as Shenzhen. D. they didn?t have enough water to drink.

47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Li and his wife dug a well with enough water themselves. B. Li and his wife got much money from the bank.

C. The villagers didn?t join Li and his wife in the fight.

D. Their friend gave Li and his wife some money to buy trees. 48. This passage is mainly about how Li and his wife . A. tried different ways to find water B. made money in Shenzhen. C. fought against the sands. D. bought and planted trees.

Most animals on land are known to us, but many living things underwater are not. Now let?s get to know some of them.

Sea cucumber

Sea cucumber are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow (浅的) water and get their food.

Pike

The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.

Cuttlefish

A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket(火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink (喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.

Octopus

An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action. 49. Sea cucumbers stay deep to sleep in summer because they . A. are afraid of high temperature B. want to get strong and fat C. are afraid of their enemy D. want to live alone 50. According to the passage, likes to swim near boats.

A. the sea cucumber B. the pike C. the cuttlefish D. the octopus 51. What happens if a cuttlefish meets its enemy?

A. It rushes at the enemy at once. B. It cuts off one of its arms. C. It bites with its sharp teeth. D. It ejects ink to the enemy. of an octopus can help protect it when in danger. A. color B. arms C. sound D. smells

Reading makes one wise, but many adults seldom read. They say they are too busy to have

time to read. Sure. They have work to do. They have families to support. But these are only excuses. The fact is that they haven?t got a reading habit. A reading habit isn?t something natural. It needs to be trained. And it?s never too late to develop a reading habit.

Scientists believe proper books are very important for children to develop a good reading habit. A book in rich colors and with simple patterns(图案) such as lines and circles is a good choice for babies of three months old. When they reach six months, they will become interested in simple story books in rich colors.

When children get old enough to read by themselves, it?s necessary to buy books that are both interesting and right for them to understand. Books which are either too easy or too difficult are not good for kids to keep their reading habits.

Only buying books for children isn?t enough. For kids, parents are their first teachers. So parents should read books to set an example. Children will follow them. Scientists say imitating the adults is a born skill. And it is the most valuable way for children to learn. This will certainly help them develop a reading habit in the end.

53. According to the writer, many adults seldom read because they .

A. don?t have enough time B. have to work all the time C. haven?t got a reading habit D. have to support the family 54. The underlined word “imitating” here probably means . A. copying B. reading C. testing D. missing 55. We can learn from the passage that .

A. story books are better than books in colors B. a reading habit comes from certain training C. a three-month-old kid likes simple stories D. too easy books help keep a reading habit

第II卷 (共55分)

VI. 完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。（共5小题，计10分） 56. 我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。

I want to join our club. 57. 窗户旁边有一架钢琴。

There is a piano . 58. 聚会结束时我唱了一首歌。

I at the end of the party. 59. 每当国旗升起时，我们都很激动。

We all feel very excited when the is being raised. 60. 没有知识，你成功的可能性就会小一些。

Without , you may have little chance to achieve success. VII. 短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次。

Last week I went to an art show. A painting caught my eye. To my amazement, it was painted by Steven, one . Then many thing about him came into my mind.

not afford to buy him some basic things that he

needed, once our school provided gloves for poor children. I put Steven?s name on the list. He was so 63 than anybody else?s.

Steven had a gift(天赋 understand what I described in class. But he didn?

One day just before the summer vacation, he came to some art books. When the new term paintings to me. I felt shocked(震惊). They were very good. Then we talked a lot. He said he would keep on.

Later he was admitted (录取) to a famous art university. After graduation, he had many difficulties, but he his best to improve himself. His hard work and strong mind led to his success.

VIII任务型阅读：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。（共5小题，计10分）

Stanford is a world famous university on the west coast of the U. S. . It was built by Stanford and his wife in memory of their only son who died of a strange disease.

Tourists are often surprised at the beauty of Stanford. Among the green trees, buildings with yellow walls and red tops make up a beautiful picture. Many tourists wonder why yellow and res were chosen. That?s because they were the favorites of Mrs. Stanford.

The big church is the most important building in Stanford. It stands at the centre. It was built by Mrs. Stanford to remember her husband who devoted (贡献) himself to the university. There, students and teachers can communicate with God and hold great activities, such as concerts and celebrations.

The tallest building in Stanford is Hoover Tower, which is the land mark of the university. A man named Hoover had done a lot for the university. The things he once used can be seen on the first floor. On the top of the tower, tourists can have a good look at the whole campus(校园).

As one of the world top universities, Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. And computer science has been the first for many years. If you want to study computer in a university abroad, maybe it is your best choice.

71. Why did Mr. Stanford build the university?

Because they wanted to remember . 72. What color did Mrs. Stanford like best?

She preferred to other colors. 73. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?

It tells us the big church is in Stanford. 74. Where can visitors see the whole campus of Stanford?

They can see the whole campus on the top of .

75. What does “it” in the last sentence of the passage refer to? It refers to . IX. 补全对话（共10小题，计10分）

（A）根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话情境的句子抄写在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整。选项中有两

项是多余的。

A: Hi, Li Qiang. I haven? B: I have been to Beijing. A: What did you do there?

. A: Really? How did you perform?

A: Congratulations! You?re always the best. Whose poem did you choose? B: I chose Li Bai?s. He is my favorite poet.

B: Fantastic. You know, our Chinese ancient poems are really great. We should learn more. . It?s our duty to keep and spread our traditional culture.

(B) 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

? B: I?m in the supermarket now. What?s up? A: Er, it?s a special day today, isn?t it?

B: 82. . It?s Father?s Day. A: Do you have a plan?

? A: What about spending the day with my grandpa? B: Good idea. What can I buy for him?

. His sports shoes are too old. B: OK. Then wait for me at home.

A: 85. ? B: I will be back in an hour.

X.书面表达（共1题，计15分）

假如你是李明，你准备和父母周末去附近的村庄游玩。请根据提示语，给恰逢来你校交流学习的David写一封e-mail, 邀请他一同前往。

要求：1.参考提示语，可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。

3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70词。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）

Dear David,

Yours, Li Ming

短文写作：

Dear David,

How are you recently? This weekend, my parents and I are going to a nearby

village. Would you like to go with us?

In the morning we can feed animals. Then, we plan to pick fruit and vegetables in

the fields. In the afternoon, we?ll watch the villagers make tea. After that, we?ll learn to cook meals. In the evening, we can play games or chat with the people there. I?m sure we?ll have a good time.

I?m looking forward to your reply.

完成句子

56. to invite/ask him

57. by (the side of)/ next to/ close to/ besides the window 58. sang a song 59.national flag 60.knowledge 短文填空

61.students 62.could 63. happy 64. cleaner 65.easily 66. gave 67. encouraged 68. borrow 69. his 70. trying 任务型阅读

71. their (only) son 72. yellow and red 73. then most important building 74.Hoover Tower/ the tower 75. Stanford/ computer in Stanford/ the university 补全对话 (A)

76.Where have you been?

77.I took part in the first Chinese Ancient Poem Reading Competition. 78. I won the first prize.

79. And what do you think of the competition. 80. I agree with you. (B)

81.Where are you? 82.Yes, it is./Yes

83.Do you have any ideas/What ideas do you have/Any ideas(plans)/Any idea(plan/advice)/

What?s your idea/Can you give me some advice?

84. You can buy him a pair of sports shoes./ A pair of sports shoes(will be good) 85. How soon will you come (be) back/ When will you come (be) back

Yours, Li Ming

范文三：2014陕西中考英语真题及答案

2014年陕西省中考英语试题及答案

第I卷（共65分）

听力部分

I. 听句子，选答语（共15小题，计15分）

第一节：听下面10段对话，每个对话后有一个问题，读两遍，请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题，从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。

1. A. This Sunday B. Next Saturday C. This Saturday.

2. A. She is playing. B. She is sleeping. C. She is listening to music

3. A. Her grandmother and grandfather. B. Her mother and father.

C. Her sister and brother.

4. A. In a hospital. B. At home. C. At school.

5. A. Larry. B. John. C. Linda.

6. A. A chicken hamburger. B. A pork hamburger. C. A beef hamburger.

7. A. It’s warm. B. It’s cool C. It’s cold.

8. A. A singer. B. A pilot. C. A dancer.

9. A. Between the post office and the supermarket.

B. Between the post office and the book shop.

C. Between the bookshop and the supermarket.

10. A. For 4 days. B. For 3 days. C. For 2 days.

第二节：听下面两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题，请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题，从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。每段对话读两遍。

听第11段对话，回答第11至12小题。

11. Why did Jack go to Shanghai?

A. On business B. For vacation. C. To visit friends.

12. How did he go there?

A. By air. B. By car . C. By train.

听第12段对话，回答第12至15小题。

13. What will the girl get for her dad?

A. A watch. B. A T-shirt. C. A shirt.

14. What color does the girl want?

A. Red . B. White. C. Blue.

15. How much will the girl pay?

A. $10 B. $15 C. $20.

II.听短文，选答案 (共5小题，计10分)

本题你将听到一篇短文，读两遍，请从每个小题的三个选项中，选出最恰当的一项。

16. What will the speaker’s clothes be like in 20 years?

A. colorful and light B. Dark and cool. C. Comfortable and cool.

17. Where will the speaker spend his vacation?

A. In the mountains. B. In space or under the sea. C. In the city.

18. The speaker will fly a plane with A. no pollution B. less pollution. C. more pollution.

19. Why will the speaker make friends with people around the world?

A. To play sports with them. B. To learn culture from them. C. To watch TV with them.

20. The speaker mainly tells us about his in 20 years.

A. life. B. house. C. food.

笔试部分

IV 单项选择（共10小题，计10分）

本题共有10个小题，请从每个小题的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

21. I had unusual day on my last school trip.

A. a B. an C. / D. the

22. —Oh, a nice photo! Is this your uncle’s child?

—Yes, it’s my A. cousin B. sister C. brother D. daughter

23. Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after A. myself B. me C. ourselves D. us

24. On May 22, a Han taxi driver an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang.

A. sent B. sends C. is sending D. has sent

25.Don’t run in the classroom, you may hurt yourself.

A. and B. or C. but D. so

26. Every day, too much water in our school. We should save it.

A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted

27. Lucy is a(n) student, she answers the teachers’ questions in her class.

A. more active; more actively B. active; more actively

C. more active; the most actively D. active; the most actively

28. The Chinese national women’s badminton team the Japanese team by 3:1 in India on May 24.

A. won B. lost C. beat D. missed

29. Look! Laura is getting the first place. fast runner she is!

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

30. —Mum, summer holiday is coming. I wonder .

—How about Qinling Wild Zoo？

A. where can we go B. where we can go

C. how we can go D. how we can go

V 完形填空(共10小题，计10分)

阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

When I was about six years old, my brother David and I visited our aunt, Mary. We stayed in her house for a night. David was only 4 years old, and was still of the dark., so Mary left the hall light on when we slept.

However, David the grey moths(蛾) flying around the hall light. He asked Mary to make the moths go away. When she asked , she simply said, “Because they are ugly and scary, I don’t like them.” Mary laughed and said, “Being ugly outside doesn’t not being beautiful inside. In fact, moths are one of the most beautiful animals in the animal world.

“Once, the angels (天使) were The little moths hated to see others so sad. They decided to make a rainbow(彩虹) to cheer up the angels. They thought if the butterflies(蝴蝶) , they could make a beautiful rainbow together.

“Then one of the moths went to ask the butterflies for help. But the butterflies didn’t want to any of their colors, so the moths decided to make a rainbow themselves. They beat their wings very hard and the colors on them made a rainbow. They kept giving a little more and a little more the rainbow went across the sky. They had given away all their colors except grey, which didn’t match the beautiful rainbow. “Then the once-colorful months became The angles saw the rainbow and smiled…” My brother went to sleep with that story and hasn’t feared months since then.

31. A. afraid B. sure C. proud D. happy

32. A. liked B. hated C. let D. killed

33. A. how B. what C. when D. why

34. A. mean B. make C. know D. hope

35. A. laughing B. playing C. crying D. talking

36. A. kind B. angry C. ugly D. sad

37. A. refused B. advised C. helped D. left

38. A. give up B. pick up C. turn up D. look up

39. A. unless B. until C. after D. since

40. A. red B. yellow C. green D. grey

IV 阅读理解

第一节：阅读下面一篇短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“A”

表示，不符合的用“B”表示。

When we talked about NBA, many people will think of Yao Ming. There is no doubt that Yao Ming is a Chinese hero. On October 16, 2013, Yao Ming announced(宣布) he would open the NBA Yao School. This was really exciting news!

Looking at the name of the school, many people would think that the school is going to train NBA talents. But that is not the truth. The NBA Yao School provides after-school basketball training and health programs. Its students include boys and girls over 16 years old who are very good at playing basketball. The school aims to teach the importance of teamwork, leadership(领导素养) and communication in a fun basketball environment.

Yao is quite glad to be a part of the school, because it has always been his dream to positively(积极地) influence young people’s life through sports.

Now, basketball fans in China are looking forward to getting basketball training, and the NBA Yao School is a great choice. In the school, students have chances to meet NBA stars. The stars can offer suggestions on how to play basketball well.

The school’s first program opened at the Wukesong Basketball Park in February, 2014. If you want to know more information about the school, you can visit www.nbayao.com.

41.The children under 16 years old can’t be students in the NBA Yao School.

42. The school provides only after-school basketball training programs..

43. Yao Ming opened the NBA Yao School on October 16, 2013.

44. The school aims to teach the students how to play basketball.

45. The students there have chances to meet NBA stars and learn something from them.

第二节阅读B、C、D三部分内容，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答

所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。

BShirley Temple, the once-famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2014. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the world. Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.

For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on-screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever “little angle”. An American movie star said, “Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧

Shi Li and Cui Jiping are husband and wife. They are disabled. They

complete the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的) dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.

The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people’s life. This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.

They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book. They first collected material for the book by themselves, then they invited a lot of experts(专家) across the country to write.

The book is warmly welcomed by the deaf. One of the readers said, “The book shows that we’re not alone. We can have our own way to communicate with the world. ” 46.Temple won the first Juvenile Oscar in .

A. 1928 B. 1934 C. 1935 D. 1948.

47. From the passage we know that Temple .

A. was not good at dancing

B. began to star in her first movie when she was ten years old.

C. was unfriendly to her fan

D. encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression

48. According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping .

A. are disabled people full of love B. wrote many famous books.

C. finished the book by themselves D. live a very poor life

49. Which of the following is TRUE about the book?

A. It is the first world encyclopedic dictionary.

B. It can help deaf people know about the world more easily.

C. It took them sixteen years to finish the book.

D. It includes medicine and art about the life of deaf people.

Akuapem is in the eastern part of Ghana. The sun there shines all the time. The local people are very friendly and hospitable(好客的). Now let’s have a look at how

Akuapem people receive a visitor.

A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is

welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, because the host that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water. If there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand, because Akuapem people think the left hand is not clean.

Next, the visitor is asked how his journey was and why he has come. While the

conversation is going on, the wife and the children, especially girls, are preparing

food for the visitor. The visitor can choose his favorite food. After the visitor finishes eating, the host and the visitor go on with their conversation. Usually this is short one because the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.

When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food. He is also accompanied(陪伴) by one of the children to the nearest station. The child who accompanies the

visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.

Whether he is a close friend or just a stranger, this is always how friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.

50. The underlined word “assumes” here probably means “”.

A. thinks B. remembers . C. disagrees D. follows

51. Which of the following is TRUE to the passage?

A. The host talks little with the visitor.

B. The child accompanies the visitor to the gate of the house.

C. The host offers the visitor a seat only.

D. The visitor takes some food with him when he leaves.

52. From the passage we know that Akuapem people are A. noisy B. friendly C. impolite D. quiet

A recently study found people’s lives are made shorter in North China. It is showed thelife expectancy(平均寿命) had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Researchers

think that the heavy air pollution in China should be to blame(承担责任). It’s really the truth. Our government has already done something. However, it doesn’t seem to work so well.

“Air pollution in China is doing harm to people’s health. The harm is much more

serious than we can imagine,” said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one of

researchers of this study.

Dirty air brings serious problems in North China. In January this year, the air

pollution was worse than that in other places. That was caused by rising temperature and waste gas(废气) from coal heating.

Chinese government should strongly fight against air pollution. They should think of more proper ways to deal with the problem. People should be encouraged to take

buses, ride bicycles or walk, instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute heavily should be closed.

“We need to improve our environment, although it might be expensive. Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves,” Li Hongbin, another researcher of the study said.

53. The passage above may come from a(n) ?

A. story B. advertisement C. report D. diary

54. Which of the following is Li Hongbin’s idea?

A. The life expectancy had been cut by 5.5 years.

B. Chinese government should close some factories that pollute heavily.

C. People need to make pollution less, although it might cost a lot.

D. The air problem brings us serious problems.

55. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Air pollution in North China is caused by waste gas.

B. To save the environment, our government should do something more.

C. The temperature becomes higher and higher in North China.

D. How air pollution in North China is caused.

第II卷(50分)

VI完成句子

根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英语句子。（共5小题，计10分）

56. 早起锻炼，有益健康。

It’s good for your health to early and exercise.

57. 打雷的时候不要站在树下。

When thunder comes, please don’t stand 58. 滑稽演员给我们带来很多欢乐。

A brings a lot of happiness to us.

59. 这是他第四次帮我摆脱困难。

This is his time to help me out of trouble.

60. **在上海的讲话使我们坚信祖国将越来越强大。

Xi Jinping’s speech in Shanghai makes us believe China will be . VII 短文填空

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次）

Every day, on her way to work, Amelia had to pass a slum(贫民窟). As a social one day when she met a ragged(衣衫褴褛的) boy named Sam. Sam knew she was the head of social services, help. He reached out his hand and said, “Can you help me? I’m

64. for my dad.” His hands were so 65. “My mom is old,” said the boy.

moved and asked Sam to take her to his home. He led her to a small house. Amelia saw a woman lying on the bed. The woman knew she was dying. She said to Amelia, “Please find a 69.for my son.”

her hand and nodded with tears(眼泪). She got an idea! Her husband and she had no children, and looking forward to having one. Later Amelia brought Sam home. Ever since then, the new family have had happiness and laughter.

VIII任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。（共5小题，计10分）

Language is always changing and developing. This isn’t a bad thing. If English hadn’t changed for a long time, we won’t have words to describe telephones, washing machines, computers or some other new things.

Language changes for several reasons. First, it changes because the needs of its speaker change. New technologies, new products, and new experiences need new words to express them clearly. Another reason for change is that different people have different language experiences. People use different sets of words and expressions,

because they have different ages, jobs, education levels(水平) and so on.

How does language develop then? On the one hand, many of the languages changes begin with young people. When young people communicate with others of their own age, their language grows in grammar, words and expressions that are different from the older people’s. Some have a short lifetime but others can influence the language for long. On the other hand, we get new words in many different ways. We borrow them from other languages, we create them by making words shorter or combining words and we make them out of proper names.

Languages that don’t change over time are considered dead languages. The fact that English changes so much shows that it is alive and well.

71. What does the writer think of the change and development of language?

He thinks it is 72. Why do people use different sets of words and expressions according to the passage?

Because their and education levels are different.

73. How many reasons for language change are mentioned in this passage?

The writer mentions reasons.

74.How do young people help develop language?

They do it when they others of their own age.

75. What is considered a dead language according to the passage?

The one that over time is considered a dead language.

IX 补全对话 (共10小题，计10分)

A）根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话语境的句子抄写在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整，选项中有两项是多余的。

A: Where did you go last weekend?

A: But you told me you wouldn’t go there. You said it was dirty. 7 B: Er, you know, I didn’t want to go there first. But most of my friends went, so I went with them.

A: I see. 78. B: I told the old people something interesting around us.

B: I had fun and felt happy.

A: 80. Next time, I’ll go with you.

B) 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

A: Hi, Linda. You look sad. 81. B: Well, I love music, but my mother doesn’t allow me to listen to it.

B: Because she thinks listening to music is not good for my study.

A: . I also love music. It makes me relaxed and helps me study better.

B: Right. Music brings me much, too. But how can I solve my problem? Can you give me some advice?

A: Of course. 84. B: No, I don’t often talk with her. We often argue.

A: I think communicating with each other is a better way. You can have a good talk with your mother.

. Thanks for your advice.

X书面表达

在日常生活中，你看到身边有哪些不良现象？请列举一些并就某些方面说说你的做法和想法。

提示：speak loudly, cut in line(插队), waste food, unfriendly(冷漠的), offer no help… 要求：1. 参考提示语，可适当发挥；

2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。

3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和地名；

4. 词数：不少于80词。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）

I often hear people speak and laugh loudly in public. It is too noisy. Some people cut in line while others are waiting. It makes me unhappy. And in our school dining hall, I often see students waste food. At times, people seem unfriendly and offer no help when others are in trouble. For me, my parents are strict with me. They often tell me to behave well. So I never drop litter about. And I never draw on the desk or on the wall. I am polite to old people.

I think if everyone can think more of others, we’ll have a better living environment.

2014年陕西省中考英语试题答案第I 卷选择题

第II卷 VII 完成句子

56. get up / rise 57. under the tree 58. funny(fun) actor / actress 59. fourth 60. stronger and stronger VIII 短文填空

61. worker 62. changed 63. could 64. looking 65. cold 66. father’s 67. years 68. deeply 69. home 70. took IX 任务型阅读

71. not a bad thing / not bad / a good thing / good 72. ages, jobs 73. two / 2

74.communicate (talk) with 75. doesn’t change / never changes / keeps (stays) the same X 补全对话

A） 76. I went to the old people’s home. 77. Why did you go there then? 78. What did you do there? 79. How did you feel? 80. That’s great. B）81.What’s wrong (with you) / What’s up / What’s the matter / What’s the trouble / What happened / What has happened?

82. Why / Why not / Why doesn’t she allow you?

83. I don’t think so / I disagree / I don’t agree (with her).

84. Do you often talk with your mother / Why not talk with your mother / Why don’t you talk with your mother / What (How) about talking with your mother.

85. Sounds good / That’ a good idea / Good idea / Great / OK, I’ll try / OK, I’ll do that XI 书面表达 One possible version:

people speak and laugh loudly in public. It is too noisy. Some people cut in line while others are waiting. It makes me unhappy. And in our school dining hall, I often see students waste food. At times, people seem unfriendly and offer no help when others are in trouble. For me, my parents are strict with me. They often tell me to behave well. So I never drop litter about. And I never draw on the desk or on the wall. I am polite to old people.

范文四：2012年陕西中考化学真题+答案

2012年陕西省中考试题及解析化学部分

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 Ag-108

9. 自来水的生产过程主要包括以下流程 , 其中发生化学变化的是【】

11. 氧气是与人类关系最密切的一种气体。下列与氧气有关的说法正确的是【】

[www.z#z&ste^p~.co@m] 12. 在化学王国里,数字被赋予了丰富的内涵。对下列化学用语中数字 “2” 的说法正确的是【】

① 2H ② 2NH 3③ SO 2④ +2

CuO ⑤ Mg 2+⑥ 2OHˉ ⑦ H 2O 来 @&源 #:~中教网

A. 表示离子个数的是⑤⑥ B. 表示离子所带电荷数的是④⑤

C. 表示分子中原子个数的是③⑦ D. 表示分子个数的是①②

13. 不含有害物质的明胶, 可以在制药与食品工业中使用。明胶里含有多种蛋白质,其中某蛋白质在人体内水解产物之一为苯丙氨酸 (化学式为 C 9H 11O 2N) 。下列对相关物质的说法正确【】

A. 苯丙氨酸由 23个原子构成 B. 苯丙氨酸分子由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素组成

C. 苯丙氨酸为有机物,明胶为混合物 D. 苯丙氨酸中氢元素的质量分数最大

14. 某密闭容器中有 X 、氧气和二氧化碳三种物质, 在一定条件下充分反应 , 测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表。根据表中信息,判断下列说法正确的是【】

A. 该反应为置换反应 B. X中一定含有碳、氢两种元素

C. 表中 “ 待测 ” 值为 5 D. 反应生成的 CO 2和 H 2O 的质量比为 45:36

15. 下图为初中化学常见气体的发生与收集装置。有关这些装置的说法不正确的是【】来源中国教 &@育出版网 ~]

A. 装置 I 可作为固体加热制取气体的发生装置

B. 装置Ⅱ中长颈漏斗可以用分液漏斗、医用注射器代替来 #&源中教网 %~]

C. 装置Ⅲ、Ⅳ可用于收集密度与空气密度差距较大,且不与空气中各成分反应的气体

D. 装置Ⅴ可以用于收集 H 2、 O 2,也可以用于实验室收集 CO 2

二、填空及简答题 (共 5小题。计 19分 )

16. (每空 l 分,共 3分 ) Ⅰ、Ⅱ两小题只选做一题,如果两题全做。只按Ⅰ题计分。

I. 我国南海海域辽阔 , 那里散布着范围最广的珊瑚礁群 , 蕴含有巨量的矿产资源、渔业资源等,有 “ 第二个波斯湾 ” 之称。

(1)南海海域鱼类众多,产量丰富。鱼类能提供的有机营养素主要为。

(2)南海已成为我国最大的海上化石燃料生产基地。写出你知道的一种化石燃料。

(3)矿产资源属于不可再生资源,在开发和利用中一定要增强保护意识。保护金属资源的措施有

答一条即可 ) 。

Ⅱ . 据《陕西日报》 2012年 1月 20日报道,铜川市某养殖专业户修建的沼气池,日产沼气 600立方米,免费供给村民使用。沼气是用稻草、麦秆、人畜粪便等在密闭的沼气池中发酵产生的。

(1)沼气作燃料利用其 (选填 “ 物理 ” 或 “ 化学 ” ) 性质。

(2)沼气的主要成分是。

(3)用沼气作燃料,与用煤相比能减少的空气污染物有 (答一种即可 ) 。 17.(3分 ) 人体中必需的微量元素铁、氟、锌、硒、碘等,虽然含量少,但对健康至关重要。下面提供几种微量元素的相关信息,请认真分析并回答下列问题:

(1)上述微量元素中属于非金属元素的有种。

(2)铁原子核外电子数为。

(3)硒原子在化学反应中容易得到 2个电子,形成 (选填 “ 阴 ” 或 “ 阳 ”) 离子。

18.(4分 ) 分类归纳是化学学习的重要方法。下面是某同学

对所学物质的分类归纳,请仔细分析并回答下列问题:

(1)写出 C 组物质所属的类别。

(2)在分类所列举的物质中,有一种物质归类错误

.... ,

这种物质是。

(3)选择分类物质中的一种,写出一个有单质生成的

分解反应的化学方程式 (条件所需物质不受所列物

质限制 ) 。

19.(4分 )20C 时,将等质量的甲、乙两种固体物质,分别加

人到盛有 100g 水的烧杯中,充分搅拌后现象如图 1,加热到 50C 时现象如图 2,

甲、乙两种物质的溶解

度曲线如图 3。请结合图示回答下列问题:

(1)图 1中一定为饱和溶液的是。

(2)图 2中甲、乙两溶液中溶质质量分数的大小关系为。

(3)图 3中表示乙的溶解度曲线是 ; P 点表示的含义是。 [

20.(5分 ) 下图为某学习小组探究金属化学性质时所做的四个实验,仔细分析后回答下列问题:

(1)描述 A 中的实验现象。

(2)写出 C 中反应的化学方程式。

(3)要证明 Cu 、 Fe 、 Ag 的活动性顺序,至少要做的实验是 (填序号 ) 。

(4)开始反应后 D 中溶液逐渐变为黄色,原因是。

三、实验及探究题 (共 2小题。计 l2分 )

21.(5分 ) 下图是某课外学习小组设计的气体制各与性质验证的组合实验, 其中装置 C 的作用是将二氧化碳和炭粉在高温下转化为一氧化碳。请看图回答下列问题:

(1)写出装置 A 中发生反应的化学方程式。

(2)装置 B 中浓硫酸的作用是。 [来源 :21世纪

(3)装置 D 中玻璃管内的实验现象为。

(4)该套装置中有一个明显的不足之处,应在装置 E 后放置燃着的酒精灯处理尾气。这样做,的原因是

。

22.(7分 ) 某化学课堂围绕 “ 酸碱中和反应 ” , 将学生分成若干小组, 在老师引导下开展探究活动。以下是教学片段,请你参与学习并帮助填写空格 (包括表中空格 ) 。

【演示实验】将一定量的稀 H 2SO 4加入到盛有 NaOH 溶液的小烧杯中。 [w~ww.#z%zst*ep.c@om]

【学生板演】该反应的化学方程式。

【提出问题】实验中未观察到明显现象,部分同学产生了疑问:反应后溶液中溶质是什么呢 ?

【假设猜想】针对疑问,太家纷纷提出猜想。甲组同学的猜想如下:

猜想一:只有 Na 2SO 4猜想二:有 Na 2SO 4和 H 2SO 4

猜想三:有 Na 2SO 4和 NaOH 猜想四:有 Na 2SO 4、 H 2SO 4和 NaOH

乙组同学对以上猜想提出质疑,认为有一种猜想是不合理的。不合理的猜想是。 [来

【实验探究】

(1)丙组同学取烧杯中的溶液少量于试管中,滴加几滴 CuSO 4溶液,无明显变化,溶液中一定没有

来源 #*:中国教育出版 ~&网

(2)为了验证其余猜想,各学习小组利用烧杯中的溶液,并选用老师提供的 pH 试纸、铜片、 BaC12溶液、 Na 2CO 3溶液,进行如下三个方案的探究。

【得出结论】通过探究,全班同学一致确定猜想二是正确的。

【评价反思】老师对同学们能用多种方法进行探究,并且得出正确结论给予肯定。同时指出

四、计算与分析题 (5分 ) [www.z%@&zste*#p.com]

23. 在农业生产中, 常用 15%~20%的氯化钠溶液选种。为了测定某氯化钠溶液是否符合要求, 取该溶液 70g , 加入一定溶质质量分数的 AgNO 3溶液 100g ,恰好完全反应。过滤分离出沉淀的质量为 28.7g 。

(1)反应后所得溶液的质量为 g 。

(2)通过计算确定该氯化钠溶液是否符合选种要求?(计算结果精确到 0.1%)

中 &国教育出版 @*#%网

2012年陕西省中考试题及解析化学部分 ]

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 Ag-108

9. D 10.A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D

二、填空及简答题 (共 5小题。计 19分 )

16. (每空 l 分,共 3分 ) Ⅰ、Ⅱ两小题只选做一题,如果两题全做。只按Ⅰ题计分。

I. (1)蛋白质 (2)煤;或石油;或天然气 (3) 有计划、合理地开采 ; 或寻找代用品;或防止锈蚀;或加强废旧金属的回收再利用中 @国教育出 #&版 %网

Ⅱ . (1)化学 (2)甲烷或 CH 4 (3)可吸入颗粒物;或 SO 2;或 NO 2

17. (1)三或 3 (2) 26 (3)阴

18. (1)碱 (2) NH 4HCO 3或碳酸氢铵

(3)2H2O 2 2MnO 2H 2O + O2 ↑ 或 2KMnO 4 K 2MnO 4+MnO2+O2↑

19. (1)甲 (2)相等或甲 =乙 (3)N 30℃时,甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度相等

20. (1)铜丝表面附着一层银白色固体 , 溶液变为蓝色 (2) Zn+2HCl==ZnC12+H2↑

来源 &:中国教育 %*出版网

(3) A、 B (4)铁钉未打磨有铁锈;或溶液中有 Fe 2(SO4) 3生成来 %^~源 &#:中教网三、实验及探究题 (共 2小题。计 l2分 )

21.(5分 ) (1) CaCO 3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑ (2) 吸收 CO 2气体中的水分; 或干燥 CO 2气体 (3) 红棕色固体变黑 (4)使剩余的 CO 全部燃烧,防止污染空气;或 CO 有毒,防止污染空气

22.

四、计算与分析题 (5分 )

[www.z%@&zste*#p.com] 23. (1) 141.3

解:设该氯化钠溶液中 NaCl 的质量为 x

NaCl + AgNO3 ==== AgCl↓ + NaNO3????????????????????????????????????? (1分)

来源 :zz^@step.&com*%]

58.5 143.5 x 28.7g????????????????????????????????????????????? (1分)

58.5143.528.7x g

= x =11.7g????????????????????????????????????????? (1分) 溶液中 NaCl 的质量分数 = 11.7100%16.7%70g g

?= 15%<><20% 符合要求="" ???????????????????????????????????????????="">

答:该氯化钠溶液符合选种要求。中 &国教育出版 @*#%网

范文五：2012陕西中考化学真题及答案

2012年陕西省中考化学试卷

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 Ag-108

9. 自来水的生产过程主要包括以下流程 , 其中发生化学变化的是【 D 】

10.2012年“世界环境日”中国主题为“绿色消费,你行动了吗 ? ”,这一主题旨在强调绿色消费,节约资源 , 保护生态环境。下面做法不符合这一主题的是【 A 】

A. 大量使用农药化肥,提高农作物产量

B. 工业废水处理达标后排放,防止水体污染

C. 限制使用塑料购物袋,减少白色污染

D. 推广利用太阳能、风能,缓解温室效应

11. 氧气是与人类关系最密切的一种气体。下列与氧气有关的说法正确的是【 B 】

12. 在化学王国里,数字被赋予了丰富的内涵。对下列化学用语中数字“ 2”的说法正确的是【 C 】

① 2H ② 2NH 3③ SO 2④ +2

CuO ⑤ Mg 2+⑥ 2OHˉ⑦ H 2O

A. 表示离子个数的是⑤⑥ B. 表示离子所带电荷数的是④⑤

C. 表示分子中原子个数的是③⑦ D. 表示分子个数的是①②

13. 不含有害物质的明胶,可以在制药与食品工业中使用。明胶里含有多种蛋白质,其中某蛋白质在人体内水解产物之一为苯丙氨酸 (化学式为 C 9H 11O 2N) 。下列对相关物质的说法正确【 C 】

A. 苯丙氨酸由 23个原子构成 B. 苯丙氨酸分子由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素组成 C. 苯丙氨酸为有机物,明胶为混合物 D. 苯丙氨酸中氢元素的质量分数最大

14. 某密闭容器中有 X 、氧气和二氧化碳三种物质,在一定条件下充分反应 , 测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表。根据表中信息,判断下列说法正确的是【 B 】

C. 表中 “ 待测 ” 值为 5 D. 反应生成的 CO 2和 H 2O 的质量比为 45:36

15. 下图为初中化学常见气体的发生与收集装置。有关这些装置的说法不正确的是【 D 】

A. 装置 I 可作为固体加热制取气体的发生装置

B. 装置Ⅱ中长颈漏斗可以用分液漏斗、医用注射器代替

C. 装置Ⅲ、Ⅳ可用于收集密度与空气密度差距较大,且不与空气中各成分反应的气体

D. 装置Ⅴ可以用于收集 H 2、 O 2,也可以用于实验室收集 CO 2

二、填空及简答题 (共 5小题。计 19分 )

16. (每空 l 分,共 3分 ) Ⅰ、Ⅱ两小题只选做一题,如果两题全做。只按Ⅰ题计分。 I. 我国南海海域辽阔 , 那里散布着范围最广的珊瑚礁群 , 蕴含有巨量的矿产资源、渔业资源等,有“第二个波斯湾”之称。

(1)南海海域鱼类众多,产量丰富。鱼类能提供的有机营养素主要为蛋白质。

(2) 南海已成为我国最大的海上化石燃料生产基地。写出你知道的一种化石燃料煤 ; 或石油 ; 或天然气。

(3)矿产资源属于不可再生资源,在开发和利用中一定要增强保护意识。保护金属资源的措施有有计划、合理地开采 ; 或寻找代用品;或防止锈蚀;或加强废旧金属的回收再利用 (答一条即可 ) 。

Ⅱ . 据《陕西日报》 2012年 1月 20日报道,铜川市某养殖专业户修建的沼气池,日产沼气 600立方米, 免费供给村民使用。沼气是用稻草、麦秆、人畜粪便等在密闭的沼气池中发酵产生的。

(1)沼气作燃料利用其化学 (选填 “ 物理 ” 或 “ 化学 ”) 性质。

(2)沼气的主要成分是甲烷或 CH 。

(3) 用沼气作燃料, 与用煤相比能减少的空气污染物有可吸入颗粒物; 或 SO ; 或 NO 他合理答案均可 ) (答一种即可 ) 。

17.(3分 ) 人体中必需的微量元素铁、氟、锌、硒、碘等,虽然含量少,但对健康至关重要。下面提供几种微量元素的相关信息,请认真分析并回答下列问题:

(1)上述微量元素中属于非金属元素的有三或 3 种。

(2)铁原子核外电子数为 26 。

(3)硒原子在化学反应中容易得到 2个电子,形成阴 (选填 “ 阴 ” 或 “ 阳 ”) 离子。

18.(4分 ) 分类归纳是化学学习的重要方法。下面是某同学对所学物质的分类归纳,请仔细分析并回答下列问题:

(1)写出 C 组物质所属的类别碱。

(2)在分类所列举的物质中,有一种物质归类错误,这种物质是 NH 4HCO 3或碳酸氢铵。

(3)选择分类物质中的一种,写出一个有单质生 , 成的分解反应的化学方程式 (条件所需物

质不受所列物质限制加热

配平或无条件或无 “ ↑ ” 符号扣 1分 , 化学式错误扣 2分 ) 。

19.(4分 )20C 时,将等质量的甲、乙两种固体物质,分别加人到盛有 100g 水的烧杯中,充分搅拌后现象如图 1,加热到 50C 时现象如图 2,甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线如图 3。请结合图示回答下列问题:

(1)图 1中一定为饱和溶液的是甲。

(2)图 2中甲、乙两溶液中溶质质量分数的大小关系为相等或甲 =乙。

(3)图 3中表示乙的溶解度曲线是 N ; P 点表示的含义是 30℃时,甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度相等。

20.(5分 ) 下图为某学习小组探究金属化学性质时所做的四个实验, 仔细分析后回答下列问题:

(1)描述 A 中的实验现象铜丝表面附着一层银白色固体 , 溶液变为蓝色。

(2)写出 C 中反应的化学方程式 Zn+2HCl==ZnC1+H↑ (未配平或无 “ ↑ ” 符号扣 1分,化学式错误扣 2分 ) 。

(3)要证明 Cu 、 Fe 、 Ag

的活动性顺序,至少要做的实验是 A 、 B (填序号 ) 。

(4)开始反应后 D 中溶液逐渐变为黄色,原因是铁钉未打磨有铁锈;或溶液中有 Fe 4生成 (其他合理答案均可 ) 。

三、实验及探究题 (共 2小题。计 l2分 )

21.(5分 ) 下图是某课外学习小组设计的气体制各与性质验证的组合实验,其中装置 C 的作用是将二氧化碳和炭粉在高温下转化为一氧化碳。请看图回答下列问题:

(1) 写出装置 A 中发生反应的化学方程式 CaCO 或无 “ ↑ ” 符号扣 1分 , 化学式错误扣 2分 ) 。

(

2)装置 B 中浓硫酸的作用是吸收 CO 气体中的水分;或干燥 CO 2气体。

(3)装置 D 中玻璃管内的实验现象为红棕色固体变黑。 (4)该套装置中有一个明显的不足之处,应在装置 E 后放置燃着的酒精灯处理尾气。这样做 , 的原因是使剩余的 CO 全部燃烧,防止污染空气;或 CO 有毒,防止污染空气。

22.(7分 ) 某化学课堂围绕“酸碱中和反应”,将学生分成若干小组,在老师引导下开展探究

活动。以下是教学片段,请你参与学习并帮助填写空格 (包括表中空格 ) 。

【演示实验】将一定量的稀 H 2SO 4加入到盛有 NaOH 溶液的小烧杯中。扣 1分,化学式错误扣 2分 ) 。

【提出问题】实验中未观察到明显现象, 部分同学产生了疑问:反应后溶液中溶质是什么呢 ?

【假设猜想】针对疑问,太家纷纷提出猜想。甲组同学的猜想如下:

猜想一:只有 Na 2SO 4 猜想二:有 Na 2SO 4和 H 2SO 4

猜想三:有 Na 2SO 4和 NaOH 猜想四:有 Na 2SO 4、 H 2SO 4和 NaOH

乙组同学对以上猜想提出质疑, 认为有一种猜想是不合理的。不合理的猜想是猜想四或四。

【实验探究】(1)丙组同学取烧杯中的溶液少量于试管中,滴加几滴

CuSO 4溶液,无明显变化,溶液中一定没有 NaOH 或氢氧化钠。

(2) 为了验证其余猜想, 各学习小组利用烧杯中的溶液, 并选用老师提供的 pH 试纸、铜片、 BaC12溶液、 Na 2CO 3溶液,进行如下三个方案的探究。

【得出结论】通过探究,全班同学一致确定猜想二是正确的。

【评价反思】老师对同学们能用多种方法进行探究, 并且得出正确结论给予肯定。同时指出

【实验探究】 (2) 中存在两处明显错误 , 请大家反思。同学们经过反思发现了这两处错误:

(1)实验操作中的错误是 pH 试纸浸入溶液中。

(2)实验方案中也有一个是错误的,错误的原因是 BaC1与 Na 2SO 4反应也会生成白色沉淀,不能证明一定有 H 存在 (其他合理答案均可 ) 。

四、计算与分析题 (5分 ) 23. 在农业生产中, 常用 15%~20%的氯化钠溶液选种。为了测定某氯化钠溶液是否符合要求, 取该溶液 70g ,加入一定溶质质量分数的 AgNO 3溶液 100g ,恰好完全反应。过滤分离出沉淀的质量为 28.7g 。

(1)反应后所得溶液的质量为 141.3 g 。??????????????????????????????????(1分)

(2)通过计算确定该氯化钠溶液是否符合选种要求?(计算结果精确到 0.1%)

解:设该氯化钠溶液中 NaCl 的质量为 x

NaCl + AgNO3 ==== AgCl↓ + NaNO3????????????????????????????????????? (1分) 58.5 143.5

x 28.7g ?????????????????????????????????????????????(1分) 58.5

143.528.7x

g = x =11.7g?????????????????????????????????????????(1分)

溶液中 NaCl 的质量分数 = 11.7100%16.7%70g

g ?=

15%<><20% 符合要求?????????????????????????????????????????="" ??(1分)="">

转载请注明出处范文大全网 » 2014年陕西中考化学真题+