范文一:引导词it的用法
引导词 it 的用法
1. 作形式主语 为了避免头重脚轻,英语里面常常把 it 放在句子的开头,而把真正作为主语的动名词,不 定式和句子放在句子的后面去。请看下面的例子:
It’s wrong to tell a tie.It took me ten minutes to get to the station.
It’s no use getting there so early.It’s dangerous playing with fire.It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. It’s a pity I didn’t think of it earlier.It’s not yet known where he has gone.
2. 作形式宾语 , 当复合句中,不定式短语,动名词短语和名词性从句作宾语时,常常 it 用作形式宾语,而把 真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。请看例句:He feel it his duty to help others.
The new medicine made it possible to treat this terrible disease. We thought it no use doing that.
Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice. I think it important that we should take part in the discussion. He soon made it clear why she hadn’t invited me to the party.
Wouldn’t it better if you made an appointment to see him at the office?
(三) it 用于强调句型 , 结构:It+动词 be+被强调部分 +who(whom)/that+其他部分
这个结构的一般疑问句形式为:被强调部分 +who(whom)/that+其他部分
若是对特殊疑问词进行强调,其结构为 : 特殊疑问词 +be +it+that+其他部分
Was it in London that this happened? When was it that he left Beijing for Shanghai?
How was it that you came here? He asked me that where it is that we will have the meeting.
Not----until----句型的强调结构为 it is not until-----that-------,that 后面要用肯定形式
Eg. My father didn’t return until 11 o’clock last night.
It was not until 11 o’clock last night that my father returned.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
(四 ) it的重要句型
1. It is clear ( obvious, true , possible , certain....) that .....
该句型中 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,常译为
该句型和上一个同属一个句型;由于主句中的形容词不同, that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词 原形), should 可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。
eg. It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 3. It is said (reported,learned,thought,believed,hoped,suggested,supposed,known....) that ...
该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语 , 真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句 ; 该结构常译为
4. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型,主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时, that 后的从句要用虚 拟语气(should + 动词原形), should 可以省;常译为
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
5. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中, that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形), should 可 省去.表示出乎意料,常译为
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾!
6. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用 过去时态表示虚拟.② 有时也用 should + 动词原形, should 不能省,常译为
It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.
7. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来,该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态,。至于用什么完成 时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面 从句则用过去完成时态,该结构中 that 可以省去; it 有时用 this 替换.常译为
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
8. It is .... since ...。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题, 主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时, since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如 果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
9. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表 语多是 long , not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语,常译为
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job.
10. It happens (seems, looks , appears ) that... 该句型中 it 是形式主语 , that 引导的是主语从句 , 主句中的 happen , seem 等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧.. .
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来...
11. It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语, it 是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间,常译为
12. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是 no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English.
13. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中 whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为
14. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起,主句中 的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。
常见的有 :bad , brave , careless , clever , cruel , foolish , good (好心的) , honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice (有教养的), polite , rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong (错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth. 。
It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
15. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 for 引起,主句 中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。
常见的形容词有 :① important, necessary , natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual , rare , impossible , pleasant 等。 =在① 中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写, 如:
It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
16. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中 it 无意义, as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,
专题练习
1.It took us over an hour ____along the street. A.walk B.to walkC.walking D.walked
2.I think it a great honour____ to visit your country.
A.to inviteB.invitingC.having invited D.to be invited
3.Many people now make____a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A.themselves B.it C.that D.this
4. ____is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree. A.This B.What C.That D.It
5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel,____?
A.don't they B.does it C.do they D.doesn't it
6.Someone is at the door, who is____?A.thisB.that C.it D.he
7. — It is raining cats and dogs. — ____
A.So it isB.So is it C.Neither it isD.Neither is it
8. — My home is in that tall building over there.— ____ ?
A.Can it seeB.Can see it C.Can be seen itD.Can it be seen
9. ____raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
A.It isB.It wasC.It has beenD.It had been
10.It is important ____their offer. A.reject B.rejects C.to rejectD.rejecting
11.Has ____been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?A.thatB.this C.it D.what 12. — Did Li Lei call me while I was out? — Yes, it was ____that called you.
A.him B.he C.who D.whom
13.Nothing is wrong with the radio ____?A.isn't itB.is thatC.is itD.isn't that
14.I don't think ____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years
A.that B.it C.too D.very
15.It's the second time you ____late this week.A.arriveB.arrived C.have arrivedD.had arrived 16.It will not be____we meet again.
A.long beforeB.before long C.soon afterD.shortly after
17.It's demanded that we ____there on foot. A.not to goB.don't goC.not goD.won't go
18.“It” is often used to ____a baby. A.mean toB.stick toC.point toD.refer to
19.It was not until 1936 ____basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games.
A.that B.when C.which D.then
20. ____you met the Englishman?
A.Where it was thatB.Who it was that C.Where was it thatD.Where was that
范文二:易混引导词的用法区别
? when / while / as ?
共性:如果主句表示?的是短暂动作?,而从句用持续?性动词的进行?时态表示在
一?段时间内正在?进行的动作时?,when,while和?as可以互换?。
e.g. When / While / As I was crossi?ng the bridge?, I saw Mr. Johnso?n.
当我过桥时,我看见了约翰?逊先生。
when引导?的从句的谓语?动词为持续性?动词和瞬间皆?可,可用于主句和?从句
动作同时?发生或从句动?作先于主句动?作。
e.g. When you have finish?ed your work, you may have a rest.
当你已经完成?了工作的时候?,你可以休息一?下。
I had just fallen? asleep? when the bell rang.
我刚刚入睡,突然铃声响了?起来。
Note: 1. 当when引?导的时间状语?从句为系表结?构,而且其主语和?主句的
主语一?致,其表语又是一?个名词时,就可以用以a?s引导的省略?句
来代替wh?en引导的从?句。
e.g. As a young girl (When she was a young girl), she showed? great
intere?st in sewing?.
她年轻时,对缝纫表现出?浓厚的兴趣。
2. when可以?用作并列连词?,意为“那时,这时”,相当于and? at this / that time。
常用于以下句?式:
a.?sb.?was?doing?sth.?when…
b. sb. was about to do / going to do / on the point of doing sth.
when…
c.?sb.?had?just?done?sth.?when…
3. when还可?意为“虽然,尽管;既然,考虑到”。
e.g. He stoppe?d trying? when he might have succee?ded next time.
尽管他本来下?次就可以成功?了,但他却停止努?力了。
It was strang?e that you called? your ex-wife for help when you can
turn to us.
既然你可以找?我们帮忙,却去找你前妻?,真是太奇怪了?。 (2006湖南?,31)
I had just steppe?d out of the bathro?om and was busy drying? myself? with a towel
____ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
while引?导的从句谓语?动词必须是持?续性动词,含义相当于d?uring the time,侧
重于主句动?作和从句动作?相对比。此复合句中主?从句时态通常?相同。
e.g. Tony is readin?g a book while Mary is sleepi?ng.
Mary睡觉?时Tony在?看书。
Note: while用?作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。while也?
可意为“虽然,尽管”。
as 引导的从句谓?语动词必须是?持续性动作,侧重于表示主?句和从句的动?
作同时发生。译为“一边??一边??;随着??”
e.g. We always? sing as we walk.
我们总是边走?边唱。
As we were going out, it began to snow.
当我们出门时?,开始下雪了。
(1999全国?)
-- I’m?going?to?the?post?office?.
-- ____ you're there, can you get me some stamps??
A. As B. While C. Becaus?e D. If
? till / until ?
till / until肯?定形式意为“做某事直至某?时”,主句谓语动词?必须是持续性?
动词;
e.g. I'll wait for you until / till you come to see me.
我会一直等到?你来看我。
Note: till / until常?可换用。但till不?用于句首,也不可用于强?调句。 not…?till?/?until否?定形式意为“直至某时才做?某事”,主句谓语动词?为持续性
或瞬?间动词皆可。
e.g. I didn’t go to bed till / until I finish?ed my homewo?rk.
我直到完成作?业才去睡觉。
Note: 否定句可用另?外两种句式表?示。
1)Not?until…(在句首,主句倒装)
Not until he came did I have any idea of the accide?nt.
2)It?+?be?+?not?until…?that…(强调句型)
It was not until he came that I had any idea of the accide?nt.
直到他来我才?知道关于事故?的事情。
? becaus?e / since / as ?
becaus?位于主句前e?后皆可,表达直接的因?果关系,语气较强。用于回答wh?
y引导的问句?。为了加强语气?,还可在bec?ause前加?only,just,simply?
等副词。不能与so连?用。
e.g. The river has risen, becaus?e it has rained? much recent?ly.
河水涨了,因为近来下了?很多雨。
Note: becaus?e引导的原因?状语从句可用?于强调句型中?,其它词不能。
e.g. It is becaus?e today is Sunday? that we don't go to school?.
由于今于是星?期天,我们没有去上?学。
since / now that位于?主句前后皆可?,但通常位于主?句之前。用于说明双方?都
知道的原因?,语气较弱。
e.g. Now?that?you’ve?got?a?chance?, you might as well make full use of it.
既然你已经得?到了一个机会?,你还是充分利?用它为好。 as 位于主句前,说明双方都知?道的较为明显?的原因,语气较弱,比较口
语化。
e.g. As it is rainin?g, we shall not go to the zoo.
因为天在下雨?,我们不能去公?园了。
(典型例题)
-- May I go and play with Dick this aftern?oon, Mum?
-- No, you can't go out ______?_ your work is being done.
A. before? B. until C. as D. the moment?
for 引导的句子只?能放在主句之?后,不说明原因,只表示一种附?带
或补充的解?释,或表示推理。当由beca?use引导的?原因状语从句?放在句
末,且前面有逗号?时,可由并列连词?for替换,但语气较弱。
e.g. We must start early, becaus?e / for we have a long way to go.
我们必须早早?出发,因为我们有很?长的路要走
? as / though? / althou?gh ?
as 引导让步状语?从句时,从句一般位于?主句之前,须用倒装语序?,句型
如下:
形容词、副词、名词(单数则省略冠?词)、动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语,主句。
Note: 谓语动词前置?时,从句要加ma?y,might,can,could,will,would
等?情态动词,或助动词do?,does,did等,如果是及物动?词,宾
语也要随着?提前。此法也适用于?though?,但altho?ugh引导的?从
句只能用正?常语序。
e.g. Try as he might, he couldn?'t fulfil?l the assign?ment.
尽管他试了,但还是完不成?任务。
Hard-workin?g though? / as she is, she can't catch up with others?.
Althou?gh she is hard-workin?g, she can't catch up with others?.
虽然她很努力?,但是仍然赶不?上别人。
though? / althou?一般可互gh?换,都不能与bu?t同时存在于?一个复合句中?。但可
以和ye?t,still,nevert?heless?连用。though?比altho?ugh语气弱?。
Note: though?还可用作副词?,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。
e.g. She promis?ed she could bring me the book; she didn't, though?.
她答应给我带?书,但是她没有。
? since引?导时间、原因状语从句? ?
since引?导时间状语从?句,意为“自从”。
1. 从句谓语动词?一般是瞬间动?词,主句的谓语动?词是持续性或?是反复发生
过?的动作。
2. 从句时态若是?一般过去时,主句时态相应?地使用现在完?成时或现在完?成
进行时。
e.g. I haven been in Beijin?g, since I gradua?ted from colleg?e.
自从我从大学?毕业,我就在北京了?。
Note: 在“It be + 一段时间 + since从?句”句型中,从句谓语动词?不用否定
式。当从句动词是?持续性动词时?,时间的计算一?律从sinc?e从句的动作?
完成或状态结?束时算起。
e.g. It is three years since I began to live in Beijin?g.
我在北京住有?三年了。
It is three years since I lived in Beijin?g.
我不在北京住?有三年了。
since引?导原因状语从?句,意为“既然”。
位于主句前后?皆可,但通常位于主?句之前。用于说明双方?都知道的原因?,语
气较弱。
e.g. Since you know French?, you should? be able to transl?ate the senten?ce.
既然你懂法语?,你就应该能翻?译出这句话。
? as引导时间?、原因、让步状语从句? ?
? so that 引导结果、目的状语从句? ?
? in case引导?条件、目的状语从句? ?
? 时间状语从句? ?
除引导词wh?en,while,as,since,before?,after,till,until以?外, 1. 还可由连词a?s soon as,no sooner??than?,hardly? / scarce?ly / barely??when?;连词性副词i?mmedia?tely,direct?ly,instan?tly;连词化名词t?he instan?t,the moment?,the minute?,the day,the week,the year;once;at引导,表示“一??就??”。
e.g. The minute? / moment she heard the phone ring,? she came
downst?airs.
她一听见电话?响就下楼了。
I came here immediately I had my supper??.
我一吃完饭就?来这儿了。
Once you come back, call me up.
你一回来就给?我打电话。
At the news, he burst into tears.
一听到这个消?息,他就放声大哭?起来。
Note: 1. no sooner??than..,hardly? / scarce?ly / barely??when?引
导的时间状?语从句中,no sooner?和hardl?y / scarce?ly / barely?引
导的句子谓?语动词应用过?去完成时,而than与?when引导?的句子谓语
动?词应用一般过?去时。此外,当no sooner?和hardl?y / scarce?ly /
barely?提到句首时,应用倒装语序?。
e.g. No sooner? had they arrive?d at the statio?thann the train
left.
他们一到车站?火车就走了。
Hardly? had we arrive?whend we had to go back.
我们刚到,就又得回去了?。
2. 连词化名词、连词化副词引?导时间状语从?句时,不能再出现别?
的连词。
2. 表示时间的名?词短语the? moment?,the time,the minute?,the hour,the
day,the year,each time,every time,any time,next time,the first
time,the last time, all the time,from the time,by the time
也可?引导时间状语?从句,有“每当??;每次??;下次??”等含义。
e.g. Every / Each time I was ill, my parent?s would stay by my side.
每当我生病时?,我的父母都陪?伴在我身边。
You are welcom?e to come back any time you want to.
无论你什么时?候想来,我们都欢迎你?。
The first time I saw Kelly, she was readin?g a novel.
我第一次见K?elly时,她在看一本小?说。
? 条件状语从句? ?
除引导词if?,unless?以外,
可由so/ as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condit?ion that(条
件是),suppos?e / suppos?ing(假设,如果),provid?ed that(如果)等
引导。
e.g. Suppos?e / Supposing (that) you make a mistak?e?, who do you least want to know about it?
如果你犯错了?,你最不想让谁?知道,
I'll go provided that my expens?es are paid?.
如果费用有人?支付,我就去。
In case there is an accide?nt, phone 110.
万一有事故,请打110。
? 原因状语从句? ?
除引导词be?cause,since,as以外,
还可由now? that(既然),seeing? that(由于,鉴于),in that(因为),
consid?ering that(因为)等引导。
e.g. Now that you don't accept the respon?sibili?ty of the accide?nt?, we will call the police?.
既然你不承担?事故的责任,我们会叫警察?。
???, let's begin our Considering / Seeing that everything is readyjourne?y.
(因为)万事俱备,我们开始我们?的旅程吧。
We must study hard in that knowledge is power.?
我们必须努力?学习,因为知识就是?力量。
Note: 1. 介词短语也可?以表示原因,如becau?se of,thanks? to,due to,owing to等。
2. 并列连词fo?r加分句也可?以表示原因。
e.g. Owing to her carele?ssness,? they failed?.
由于她的粗心?,他们失败了。
He shook his head, for he thought differ?ently. ?
他摇摇头,因为他的想法?与此不同。
? 目的状语从句? ?
除引导词so? that,in order that以外?,
还可由for? fear that(以免,惟恐),in case(以防),lest(以免,惟恐)等引导。
e.g. Take your umbrel?la in case / lest it (should?) rain. 带上你的雨伞?,以免下雨。
The little? cat hid himsel?f in the sofa in case / for fear that the
) catch him?. dog (should
小猫把自己藏?在沙发里,以免被狗抓住?。
Note: 这些从属连词?引导的目的状?语从句中谓语?动词要用(should? +)动词
原形,它本身带有否?定意义,相当于so that.. not? 或in order
that?not?。
范文三:定语从句引导词的用法
定语从句引?导词的用法?
that 和Whic?h 都可以指物?,其用法区别?:
相同点(Simil?ariti?es)
1.这两个关系?代词引导定?语从句时,都可以指物?;
2.在定语从句?中都可作主?语或宾语;
3.作宾语,并且前面无?介词时都可?省略。
The train? that/which? has just left is for Shang?hai( 刚开的那列?火车是去上?海的。(作主语) The book (that/which?) you gave me is wonde?rful. 你以前给我?的那本书好?极了。(作宾语,可省略)
不同点(Diffe?rence?)
1.以下情况常?用that?。
(1)当先行词是?不定代词或?被它们修饰?时(all, somet?hing, anyth?ing, nothi?ng, every?thing?, none, any, some, few, littl?e, much, many等? )。
Is there? anyth?ing that I can do for you,有什么要我?做的事吗,
He answe?red few quest?ions that the teach?er asked?(他几乎没有?回答老师的?那些问题。 (2)当先行词被?every?, no, the only, the very, the right?, the last, just修?饰时。 That‘s?the?only thing? that we can do now. 目前我们只?能这样了。
are the very words? that he said. 那就是他的?原话。 Those?
(3)当先行词被?形容词最高?级或序数词?修饰时。
This is the most inter?estin?g?book?that?I’ve?had.?这是我拥有?的最有趣的?书。
The first? thing? that shoul?d be done is to get some food(该做的第一?件事是弄点?吃的。 (4)当先行词是?一个既指人?又指物的并?列词组时。
They were talki?ng about? the perso?ns and thing?s that they saw in the facto?ry( (5)当关系代词?在定语从句?中作表语时?。
China? is not the count?ry that it was(中国已经不?是过去的中?国了。 (6)当在以wh?ich开头?的疑问句中?时。
Which? is the car that was made in Beiji?ng, 哪辆是在北?京制造的车?, 2.以下情况常?用whic?h。
(1)当先行词本?身就是th?at时。
What’s?that?which? flash?ed in the sky just now. 刚从天空一?闪而过的是?什么, (2)当关系代词?后有插入语?时。
Here is the book which?,?as?I’ve?told?you,?will?help impro?ve your Engli?sh.
这就是我给?你说过的那?本书,它能提高你?的英语。
(3)引导非限制?性定语从句?时。
Footb?all, which? is an inter?estin?g game, is playe?d all over the world?(
(4)直接放在介?词后作定语?从句宾语时?。
Langu?age is an impor?tant tool witho?ut which? peopl?e can't commu?nicat?e with each other?(
that 和who 都可以指人?,其用法区别? :
不用tha?t的情况:
a) 在引导非限?定性定语从?句时
b) 介词后不能?用We depen?d on the land from which? we get our food.
多用who? 的情况:
?关系代词在?从句中做主?语
A frien?d who helps? you in time of need is a real frien?d.
?先行词为t?hose, peopl?e 时
Those? who were eithe?r fools? or unfit? for their? offic?es could? not see the cloth?.
?先行词为a?ll, anyon?e, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn?'t work hard will never? succe?ed in his work. ?在Ther?e be句型中?
There? is a stran?ger who wants? to see you.
?在被分隔的?定语从句中?
A new teach?er will come tomor?row who will teach? you Germa?n.
?在有两个定?语从句的句?子中,其一用wh?o,其二用th?at, 但若先行词?后接两个以?上的并列定?语从句时,后一个必须?重复前一个?关系代词。
The stude?nt who was prais?ed at the meeti?ng is the monit?or that is very modes?t and studi?es very hard.
There? is a teach?er who is alway?s ready? to help other?s and who enjoy?s what he does.
范文四:定语从句引导词的用法[1]
定语从句引导词的用法
相同点(Similarities)
1.这两个关系代词引导定语从句时,都可以指物;
2.在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语;
3.作宾语,并且前面无介词时都可省略。
The train that/which has just left is for Shanghai. 刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The book (that/which) you gave me is wonderful. 你以前给我的那本书好极了。(作宾语,可省略)
不同点(Difference)
1.以下情况常用that。
(1)当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时(all, something, anything, nothing, everything, none, any, some, few, little, much, many等 )。
Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。
(2)当先行词被every, no, the only, the very, the right, the last, just修饰时。
That‘s the only thing that we can do now. 目前我们只能这样了。
Those are the very words that he said. 那就是他的原话。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting book that I’ve had. 这是我拥有的最有趣的书。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.
(5)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。
(6)当在以which开头的疑问句中时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 哪辆是在北京制造的车?
2.以下情况常用which。
(1)当先行词本身就是that时。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now. 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么?
(2)当关系代词后有插入语时。
Here is the book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
这就是我给你说过的那本书,它能提高你的英语。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
(4)直接放在介词后作定语从句宾语时。
Language is an important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.
不用that的情况:
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
b) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.
多用who 的情况:
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行词为those, people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that, 但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
范文五:定语从句引导词的用法
定语从句引导词的用法
相同点(Similarities)
1. 这两个关系代词引导定语从句时,都可以指物;
2. 在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语;
3. 作宾语,并且前面无介词时都可省略。
The train that/which has just left is for Shanghai. 刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The book (that/which) you gave me is wonderful. 你以前给我的那本书好极了。(作宾语, 可省略)
不同点(Difference)
1. 以下情况常用that 。
(1)当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时(all, something, anything, nothing, everything, none, any, some, few, little, much, many等 )。
Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。
(2)当先行词被every, no, the only, the very, the right, the last, just修饰时。 T hat‘s the only thing that we can do now. 目前我们只能这样了。
Those are the very words that he said. 那就是他的原话。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting book that I’ve had. 这是我拥有的最有趣的书。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.
(5)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。
(6)当在以which 开头的疑问句中时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 哪辆是在北京制造的车?
2. 以下情况常用which 。
(1)当先行词本身就是that 时。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now. 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么?
(2)当关系代词后有插入语时。
Here is the book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
这就是我给你说过的那本书,它能提高你的英语。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
(4)直接放在介词后作定语从句宾语时。
Language is an important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.
不用that 的情况:
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
b) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.
多用who 的情况:
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行词为those, people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who ,其二用that, 但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.