(复旦大学物理系 上海市 200433)
摘 要:本文主要介绍有关声速测量的实验。实验用了共振法、相位法和时差法分别测量了空气中、水中、固体中的声速,比较研究了测量声速的三种方法,使对声速的测量方法有了更深入的了解。
关键词:声速;共振法;相位法;时差法;
Measurement of velocity of sound
(physics department of Fudan university shanghai 200433)
Abstract: this paper mainly introduces some experiments about the measurement of velocity of sound. In the experiments, the velocity of sound in air, water and solid was measured by using different methods containing resonance method, phase method and time-interval method, which facilitates a deeper understanding of the methods of velocity of sound’s measurement.
Key word: velocity of sound; resonance method; phase method; time-interval method
一、 引言
声速是描述声波在媒质中传播特性的一个基本物理量,它与介质的种类、温度、压强、湿度等因素有关。本实验用共振法、相位法和时差法测量超声波在空气、水、固体中的声速,比较研究声速的三种测量方法。
二、 实验原理 1、共振法测量声速。
从信号源发出的声波在严格平行的接收面上反射时,入射波与反射波会发生干涉。当接收面和发射面的距离为半波长的整数倍(即n2