36 by each individual. The “reading circuits” we construct in the brain can be

37 or they can be robust, depending on how often and how 38 we use them. The deep reader enters a state of hypnotic trance (心醉神迷的状态). When

readers are enjoying the experience the most, the pace of their reading 39 slows. The combination of fast, fluent decoding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with reflection and analysis. It gives them time to establish an 40 relationship with the author, the two of them

41 in a long and warm conversation like people falling in love. This is not reading as many young people know it. Their reading is instrumental: the difference between what literary critic Frank Kermode calls “carnal (肉体的)

reading” and “spiritual reading.” If we allow our offspring to believe carnal reading is

all there is — if we don’t open the door to spiritual reading, through an early 42

on discipline and practice — we will have 43 them of an enjoyable experience they would not otherwise encounter. Observing young people’s 44 to digital

devices, some progressive educators talk about “meeting kids where they are,”

molding instruction around their onscreen habits. This is mistaken. We need,

45 , to show them someplace they’ve never been, a place only deep reading can

take them.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

A) acquired I) intimate

B) actually J) notwithstanding

C) attachment K) petition

D) cheated L) rather

E) engaged M) scarcely

F) feeble N) swayed

G) illicit O) vigorously

H) insistence

答案:36. A 37. F 38. O 39. B 40. I

41. E 42. H 43. D 44. C 45. L

Section B

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements Directions: attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is

derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Into the Unknown

The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?

[A] Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982,

but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that

pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.

[B] For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.

[C] Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. [D] Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.

[E] The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的) meltdown,

public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to

studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.

[F] Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and

willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey. [G] In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for

about 90%.

[H] On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in

the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible. [I] To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would

have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A

number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.

[J] And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater numbers than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so. [K] Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.

[L] Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a

thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.

[M] For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s

defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of

most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).

Ask me in 2020

[N] There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.

[O] But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be

like, because nobody has done it yet

.”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

29 keep older workers in the workforce. Employers should realise it is important to 填写答案:

不确定答案

30A recent study found that most old people in some European countries had regular weekly contact with their adult children.

填写答案:

不确定答案

31Few governments in rich countries have launched bold reforms to tackle the problem of population ageing.

填写答案:

不确定答案

32In a report published some 20 years ago, the sustainability of old-age pension systems in most countries was called into doubt.

填写答案:

不确定答案

33

Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to send them to war.

填写答案:

不确定答案

34One-child families are more common in ageing societies due to the stress of urban life and the difficulties of balancing family and career. 填写答案:

不确定答案

35A series of books, mostly authored by Americans, warned of conflicts between the older and younger generations.

填写答案:

不确定答案

36Compared with younger ones, older societies tend to be less innovative and take fewer risks.

填写答案:

不确定答案

37The best solution to the pension crisis is to postpone the retirement age. 填写答案:

不确定答案

38Immigration as a means to boost the shrinking labour force may meet with resistance in some rich countries.

填写答案:

不确定答案

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four questions

choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice

and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single

line through the centre.

39

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish (经济

滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?

Just a few decades ago, Asia’s two giants were stagnating(停滞不前) under faulty economic

ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, “The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily

on the visible hand of government.”

Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government---following Ronald Regan’s idea that “government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. “Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government.”

If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the America’s problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country’s huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would

help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result.

Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc’s larger problem.

What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India,

A) Copying western-style economic behavior.

B) Heavy reliance on the hand of government.

C) Timely reform of government at all levels.

D) Free market plus government intervention.

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

40 What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying “government is the problem” (line4, Para. 3)?

A) Many social evils are caused by wrong government policies.

B) Many social problems arise from government’s inefficiency.

C) Government action is key to solving economic problems.

D) Government regulation hinders economic development.

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

41What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?

A) Self-regulatory repair mechanisms of the free market.

B) Cooperation between the government and businesses.

C) Abandonment of big government by the public.

D) Effective measures adopted by the government.

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

42What is the author’s suggestion to the American public in face of the government

deficit?

A) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.

B) They put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.

C) They urge the government to revise its existing public policies.

D) They develop green energy to avoid dependence on oil import.

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

43What is the problem with the European Union?

A) Conservative ideology. C) Lack of resources.

B) Excessive borrowing. D) Shrinking market.

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

44Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you’ll get a completely different

impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of

Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is

female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.

It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future. Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school’s picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably the only

diversity that, in a business context, really matters.

Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.

Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate

the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and

accountability.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

What characterises the business school student population of today? A) Greater diversity. C) Exceptional diligence. B) Intellectual maturity. D) Higher ambition. 选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

45What is the author’s concern about current business school education?

A) It will arouse students’ unrealistic expectations.

B) It stresses competition rather than cooperation. C) It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills. D) It will produce business leaders of a uniform style 选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

46What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?

A) Attitude and approach to business.

B) Social and professional experience.

C) Age and educational background.

D) Ethnic origin and gender

选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

47What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider recruiting?

A) Applicants with prior experience in corporate activities. B) Applicants with sound knowledge in math and statistics. C) Applicants from less developed regions and areas. D) Applicants from outside the traditional sectors. 选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

48What does Mannaz say about the current management style? A) It is eradicating the tough aspects of management. B) It is shifting towards more collaborative models. C) It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model. D) It encourages male and female executives to work side by side. 选择答案:ABCD

不确定答案

四、翻译(共1题，合计106分)

49Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动

从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)

最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统

有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎

好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，

对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

答案:Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival

on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve

is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.

2013年12月六级听力真题

以下为2013年12月大学英语六级考试听力长对话原文1，由沪江网校提供，

考完试的同学可以看一下，备考的同学也可以研究一下考题。希望大家六级考试

顺利通过。

【六级听力长对话原文1】

W: OK, that’s it. Now we have to make a decision. We might as well do that now, don’t you think?

M: Sure, let’s see. First we saw Frank Brisenski. What did you think of him? W: Well, he’s certainly a very polite young man.

M: And very relaxed, too.

W: But his appearance…

M: En… He wasn’t well dressed. He wasn’t even wearing a tie.

W: But he did have a nice voice. He sounded good on the telephone. M: True. And I thought he seemed very intelligent. He answered Dona’s questions very well.

W: That’s true, but dressing well is important. Well, let’s think about the others. Now what about Barbara Jones? She had a nice voice, too. She sounded good on the telephone, and she was well dressed, too.

M: En… She did look very neat, very nicely dressed, but…

W: But so shy. She wouldn’t be very good at talking to people at the front desk. M: En…OK. Now who was the next? Ar…Yes, David Wallace. I thought he was very good, had a lot of potential. What do you think?

W: En… He seemed like a very bright guy. He dressed very nicely, too. And he had a really nice appearance.

M: He seemed relaxed to me, the type of person people feel comfortable with right away.

W: He was polite, but also very friendly and relaxed as you say. I think he’ll be good with the guests at the front desk.

M: He had a very pleasant voice, too.

W: That’s right. OK, good! I guess we have our receptionist then, don’t you? M: Yes, I think so. We’ll just offer the job to…

Question 9: What are the speakers looking for?

Question 10: What is Frank Brisenski’s weakness?

Question 11: What do the speakers decide to do?

以下为2013年12月大学英语六级考试听力长对话原文2，由沪江网校提供，

考完试的同学可以看一下，备考的同学也可以研究一下考题。希望大家六级考试

顺利通过。

【六级听力长对话原文2】

W: Hello.

M: Hello. Is that the reference library?

W: Yes, can I help you?

M: I hope so. I ran earlier and asked for some information about Dennis Hutton, the scientist. You asked me to ring back.

W: Oh, yes. I have found something.

M: Good. I’ve got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says. W: Certainly. Hutton Dennis, born Darlington, 1836, died New York, 1920. M: Yes, got that.

W: Inventer and physicist, the son of a farmworker. He was admitted to the University of London at the age of 15.

M: Yes.

W: He graduated at 17 with the first class degree in physics and mathematics. All right?

M: Yes, all right.

W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18. It was a method of refrigeration which rolls from his work in low temperature physics. He became professor of mathematics at the University of Manchester at 24, where he remained for twelve years. During that time, he married one of his students, Natasha Willoughby

M: Yes, go on.

W: Later working together in London, they laid the foundations of modern

physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic particles. For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for

physics in 1910, and did so again in 1912 for their work on very high frequency radio waves. In his lifetime, Hutton patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more?

M: Yes, when did he go to America?

W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York and died there suddenly after only three weeks. Still he was a good age.

M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks.

Question 12: What do we learn about Dennis Hutton when he was 15? Question 13: What did Dennis Hutton do at the age of 24?

Question 14: For what were Dennis Hutton and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time?

Question 15: Why did Dennis Hutton go to New York?

【短对话】

1.

W: What a wonderful performance! Your rock band has never sounded better. M: Many thanks. I guess all those hours of practice in the past month are finally paying off.

Q:What does the man mean?

2.

M: I can’t decide what to do for my summer vacation. I either want to go on a bike tour of Europe or go diving in Mexico.

W: Well, we’re offering an all-inclusive two-week trip to Mexico for only 300

dollars.

Q:What does the woman suggest the man do for his vacation?

3. W: How long do you think this project might take?

M: I’d say about three months, but it could take longer if something unexpected happened. Maybe we’d better allow an extra month, so we won’t have to worry about

being late.

Q: Why does the man say extra time should be allowed for the project?

4. M: I’m thinking about becoming a member here, and I’d like some information.

W: Sure. A three-month membership costs 150 dollars, and that includes use of the wait-room, sauna and pool. I’ll give you a free path so that you can try out the facilities before you decide.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

5.

W: I’m sorry to hear that you failed the Physics course, Ted.

M: Let’s face it. I’m just not cut out to be a scientist.

Q: What does the man mean?

6.

M: Gary insisted on buying the food for the picnic.

W: That’s pretty generous of him. But shouldn’t we at least offer to share the expenses? He has a big family to support.

Q: What does the woman suggest they do?

7.

W: Did you see the headlines in the paper this morning?

M: Year. Apparently the bus company will be laying off its employees if they can’t reach an agreement on wages by midnight.

Q: What did the man read about?

8.

W: Have we received payment for the overseas order we delivered last month? M: Yes. The cheque came in yesterday afternoon. I’ll be depositing it when I go the bank today.

Q: What is the woman concerned about?

六级短文1原文

In America, white tailed deer are more numerous than ever before, so abundant in fact that they’ve become a suburban nuisance and a health hazard.

Why can’t the herd be thinned the old-fashioned way? The small community of

North Haven on Long Island is home to some six hundred to seven hundred deer. The department of Environmental Conservation estimates the optimum

population at 60. The town has been browsed bare of vegetation except where gardens and shrubs are protected by high fences.

Drivers routinely collide with deer and there are so many dead bodies left by the side of the road that the town has made it a deal with a local pet cemetery to collect and dispose of the bodies. Some people in the town have become ill from deer transmitted diseases. On the occasions when hunting has been tried, local animal rights people have worked to secure court orders against the hunts. And when that is

failed, they stop the hunters, banging on pots and pans to alert the deer. Town meetings called to discuss the problem inevitably dissolved into confrontations.

The activists believe simply that the deer are not the problem. Some

communities have even discussed the possibility of bringing wolves back into the ecological mix. That means wolves in the suburbs of New York. It is almost too wonderful not to try it. The wolves would kill deer of course. They would also terrorize and kill dogs and cats which is not what the suburban dwellers have in mind.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard Q16. What do we learn about white-tailed deer in North Haven?

Q17. Why do local animal rights people bang on pots and pans?

Q18. What would happen if wolves were brought back into the ecological mix? 听

力填空原文

It’s difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents. Legislation and court decisions have made it legally

possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity.

Some states require parents or a home tutor to meet teacher certification

standards, and many require parents to complete legal forms to verify that their children are receiving instruction in state approved curriculum.

2014年12月份六级翻译真题及译文

题目1

反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。

The idealof country life reflected by the art and literature is the important feature of Chinese culture, which is, to a large degree, attributed to the feelings to thenature from Taoist. There are two most popular topics in the traditionalChinese painting. One is the various scenes of happiness about family life, inwhich the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, with the man in theharvest, woman in weaving, children playing out of doors. The other scene is allkinds of pleasures about country life, in which the fisherman is fishing on thelake, with the farmer cutting wood and gathering herbs in the mountains and thescholar chanting poetry and painting pictures.sitting under the pine trees. The two themes can represent the life ideal ofConfucianism and Taoism。

题目2

自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium ）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

Since the reform in 1978, with the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese economy has transferred into market economy from command economy. The average 10% growth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully or partially achieved throughout China. At present, the 12th Five-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of imbalance of environment and society. The

government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and medical insurance and expand social security. The 7% growth annual goal demonstrates that the government is concentrating on the quality of life rather than the speed of growth.

题目3

中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。

China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree.In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the

government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receive more support.In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city.

2013年12月份广西会考真题

2013年12月广西壮族自治区普通高中毕业会考考试试卷

一．选择题（共12小题，每小题3分，满分36分）

1. 如果集合A ={1,2}, B ={2,3,4}, 那么A B =

A .{2} B .{1,2} C .{1,2,3} D .{2,3,4}

2. 函数y =sin x , x ∈R 的最小正周期是

A . π B .. 2π C . 3π D .4π

3. 已知向量a =(3,4), b =(2,1)，则a +b =

A . (5,5) B . (4,5) C . (1,5) D .(6,5)

14. 已知函数f (x ) =, x ∈R ,则f (-2) 的值为 x

A . 2 B . 1 C .

5. 已知x 11D . - 22, y 都是正数，且xy =1, 则x +y 的最小值为

A . 4 B . 3 C . 2 D . 1

6. 函数y =log 2x (x >0) 的图像大致为

A. B. C. D

7. 过点A (0,2)，斜率为1的直线方程是

A . x +y -2=0 B . x -y +2=0 C . x -y -2=0 D . x +y +2=0

8. 圆x 2+y 2-2y =0的半径为

A . 4 B . 3 C . 2 D . 1

9. 双曲线y 2-x 2=1的离心率为

A . B

. 1 C

. D . 2

10. 下列函数中，在区间(0,+∞) 上为减函数的是

1A . y =x B . y = C . y =x 2 D . y =2x x

11. “x >0且y >0”是“x +y >0”的（ ）

A . 充分而不必要条件 B . 必要而不充分条件

C . 充要条件 D . 既不充分也不必要条件

12. 要从甲、乙、丙3名工人中选出2名分别上日班和晚班，甲不上晚班的不同选法有（ ）

A . 2种 B . 3种 C .4种 D . 6种

二、填空题（共4小题，每小题4分，满分16分）

13. 计算：9=14. 化简：2sin15cos15=

15. 如图，已知正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的棱长为1，则异

面直线BA 1与CC 1所成角的大小为16. 抛物线y 2=4x 的焦点坐标为三、解答题（本大题共6小题，满分48分）

17. （本小题满分6分）在等差数列{a n }中，已知a 1=1, a 2=3，求公差及通项公式.

12

18. （本小题满分6分）求函数

f (x ) =3cos2x , x ∈R 的最大值.

19. （本小题满分8分）已知锐角 ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ，且

a =1,b =2,sin C =，求cos C 及c . 4

20. （本小题满分8分）甲、乙口袋内分别装有大小相等的小球，其中甲口袋内有2个红球和1个白球，乙口袋内有1个红球和1个白球.

（1）从甲口袋内摸出1个球，求摸到红球的概率；

（2）从甲、乙两口袋内各摸出一个球，求摸出的都是白球的概率.

21. （本小题满分10分）如图，在四棱锥P -ABCD 中，底面ABCD 是正方形，平面PAB ⊥平面ABCD ，PA =PB =AB =2, M 是AB 的中点.

（1）证明：PM ⊥平面ABCD

（2）求直线PC 与平面ABCD 所成角的正切值.

22. （本小题满分10分）已知椭圆的中心在原点，左焦点F 的坐标为（-2,0），

离心率为3

（1）求椭圆的方程；

（2）若椭圆的左准线与x 轴相交于点M ，过M 任作一条斜率不为零的直线与椭圆相交于

A 、B 两点，点A 关于x 轴的对称点为C. 求证：F 、B 、C 三点共线.

2013年12月份新题型六级翻译练习

新题型六级翻译练习

一、 四合院(Siheyuan)是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多、分布广，并且在汉族、

满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的

轴线上，两个厢房则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋里，而两翼则是年轻一代的

卧室。妇女住在内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分不符合封建礼制(feudal regulations)。

四合院遍布全国的城乡，但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同，因此发展出各自的特征。

北京的四合院式最具代表性的。

Siheyuan is the most important form of Chinese traditional residential house. It is great in number and wide in distribution, popular among the Han, Manchu, Bai, and some of other minority groups. Most of the houses are of wood framework. The principal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. The family elders live in the principal room and wings are the bedrooms for the younger generations. Women live in the inner yard. Guests

and male servants live in the outer yard. This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations. Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout China, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and different way of life. Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative.

二、 风水(Feng shui)是中国建筑中的一个特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，

其目的是为了实现建筑与环境的和谐共存。风水的字面意思就是“风和水”。在古代，风水

通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三

者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。它反对人对

自然的破坏，而是强调人与环境的共处，这种状态被认为是完美的、神秘的。

Feng shui, a special Chinese tradition in architecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement

and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. Feng shui literally translates as “wind-water”. Feng shui usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction and interior and exterior decoration in ancient times. It combines the trinity

of the Heaven, the Earth and humans, and seeks harmony between selected site, orientation, natural doctrine and human fate. It repulses human destruction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment, which is regarded as perfect and occult.

三、 舞龙(Dragon dance)是中国文化中一种传统的舞蹈与表演形式。它起源于汉朝并且有

信仰并尊敬龙的中国人所开创。人们认为舞龙一开始是农耕文化的组成部分，起初也是治病

和防病的一种方法。舞龙在宋朝(Song Dynasty)就已经成为一项流行的活动。舞龙是中国

文化和传统的重要组成部分，已经传遍了中国乃至全世界，而且已经成为中国体育活动中的

一种特殊的艺术表演。它象征着在来年为世界上所有人带来好运和兴旺。

Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance and performance in Chinese culture. It originated during the Han Dynasty and was started by the Chinese who had shown great belief and respect towards the dragon. It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. The dragon dance was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty. Dragon dance is an important part of the Chinese culture and tradition. It has spread throughout China and to the whole world and become a special performance of arts in the Chinese physical activities. It symbolizes good luck and prosperity in the year to come for all the human beings for the earth.

四、 中国结(The Chinese Knot)是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现，绳结可以追溯到10万年

前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼，还用来记录事件，而且有些绳结纯粹起

装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵(cultural connotation)。由于结在汉语中的发音与“吉”相

近，吉的意思为“福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”，这是中国人永恒的追求，因此有些中国

结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如:新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结(Pan-chang Knot)来

装饰，象征着永恒的爱

情。 The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and the artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000 years ago. Chinese people used knots for more than just fastening, wrapping, hunting, fishing. Knots were also used to record events, and some knots had purely ornamental functions. The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations. Since knot is pronounced as “jie” in Chinese similar with that

of “Ji”, which means blessing, good salary, longevity, happiness, fortune, safety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express people’s various hopes. Fo

r example, the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Chang Knot to symbolize eternal love.

五、 现代中国人的姓名通常由姓(家庭姓氏)和名(个人所起的名字)组成，并且姓在前，

名在后。因此，王小平被称为王先生，个人的名字为小平。大事，在中国古代，起名非常复

杂。一个人通常有好几个名字，包括姓、氏、名、字，每一个都表达不同的意思。姓和氏演

变为现在的姓，名和字则演变为现在的名。现在人们通常用姓氏来指一个人的姓，用名字来

指一个人所起的名。对中国古代文献的研究表明，“姓”最初指不同的母系部落

(matriarchal tribes)的名字，和人们居住地也有某些关系。研究表明，“姓”出现于母系社

会时期，大约四千至五千年之前。

A modern Chinese usually has a surname(“family name”) or xing and a given name (“first name”),

or ming (or mingzi), always in thar order. Thus Wang Xiaoping is Mr. Wang with personal name Xiaoping. In ancient China, however, naming was very complicated and one person usually had several names, and naming involved xing, shi, ming and zi. Each of these four words meant a different thing. Xing and shi together formed today’s surname, and ming and zi today’s given name. today,

people use xingshi to refer to a person’s surname, mingzi to refer to one’s given name. study of a

ncient Chinese documents shows that xing originally referred to the names of different matriarchal tribes. It also had something to do with the place where people lived. Researches show that xing came into being during the matrilineal society period, around four to five thousand years ago.

和打球方式的改变，运动器材也发生了变化。这些改良(refinement)只是证明了乒乓球运

动已经发展为意向非常完美的运动，可以与我们所崇尚的(with reverence)的任何一种经

典运动相媲美。

Despite its small size and moderate intensity, ping-pong is a sport that emphasizes endurance and

reflexes. People of all ages and genders can play it on an equal ground. The sport is played indoors, so year-round competition and practice are possible. Ping-pong has undergone enormous evolution since it came into being, which has experienced many revisions of rules and seen an improvement of equipment as technology and playing styles changed. Such refinement only serves as evidence that ping-pong is indeed a full-fledged sport, comparable to any of the other classics we behold with reverence.

七、 儒家思想是中国传统文化的基石。它出现在大约2500年前的春秋时期

(the Spring and Autumn Period),是建立在夏、商、周的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完

整观念体系(ideological system)。儒家思想博大精深，涵盖了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲

学、道德各个领域。如家文化以人本哲学(humanistic philosophy)为依托，这表现在它对

人类个体的尊敬、关注和热爱。总而言之，儒家文化是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分，是东

方文化的代表，恶意是中国文化传统

的中流砥柱。

Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founded about 2 500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty. It is extensive and profound, covering the fields of humanity, politics, law, education, philosophy and ethics. Confucian culture rests on humanistic philosophy, which is shown in its respect, attention to and love of human individuals. In belief, Confucian culture is an important component of world cultural heritage, a major representative of oriental culture, and the dominant facet of Chinese cultural tradition. 八、 京剧被称为中国的国粹(national opera)，起源于18世纪晚期，是将音乐、舞蹈、艺

术和杂技(acrobatics)综合于一体的戏曲。在中国，京剧是所以戏曲中最有影响力和代表

性的戏曲。中国的京剧有着200多年的历史，是中国的民族瑰宝。京剧有着丰富的剧目

(repertoire)、众多的表演艺术家和大批的观众，在中国有着其他戏曲无法匹及的深远影响。

京剧剧目主要讲述前朝传说故事，其中包括古代重要的历史事件以及王侯将相、才子佳人的

故事，讲述从尧、舜、禹，春秋战国群雄并起的历史时期到秦、汉、隋、唐、宋、元、明、

清等多朝代的故事。

Known as China’s national opera, Beijing Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a synthesis of music, dance, art and acrobatics. It is the most influential and representative of all operas in China. Beijing Opera is a national treasure with a history of more than 200 years. Owing to its richness of repertoire, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, Beijing Opera has profound influence, which no other opera in China can rival. The repertoire of Beijing Opera is mainly engaged in fairy tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties, from Yao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autumn Period,

the Warring States Period to the dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing. 九、 不可否认，几乎没有哪项科技发明对我们的生活产生的影响比得上电视机的发明和改

进给我们带来的好处。它是一种电子视听(audiovisual)媒体，是大量信息的重要来源，让

我们不出家门就可以看到各种各样关于比赛、音乐会以及发生在世界各地的时间的现场报

道;人们还可以看到大量花样百出的特别节目。例如:世界风景、风俗和文化、神奇海底

(seafloor)和庞大的宇宙的壮观景象等。所有的这一切都在最大程度上丰富了我们生活和

知识。

Admittedly, there is rarely any other technological invention

having such a great impact on our life as the invention and revolution of television. It is a kind of electric audiovisual media and a source of abundant information, which gives people easy access to various live reports about games, concerts, and affairs occurring all over the world, as well as a vast variety of special programs, such as programs about worldwide scenery, custom and culture, the spectacular sight in mysterious seafloor and colossal cosmos, etc. All of them enrich our life and broaden our knowledge to significant degree.

十、 清华大学被视为中国最著名和选拔人才最严格的大学之一。清华大学的校园位于北京

西北部的海淀区，这是专为大学指定的区域。它坐落在清代皇家花园的旧址上，保留了一些

中式的园林风格以及一些传统的建筑物，但它的许多建筑物都是西式风格的，反映了美国对

它的影响。它拥有中国最美丽校园之一，拥有中国最好的工程和应用科学(applied science)

课程，吸引了全国最有才华的学生，其地位和美国伯克利大学(Berkeley)、麻省理工学院以

及斯坦福大学相

当。 Tsinghua University is regarded as one of the most renowned and most selective universities

in China, the campus of Tsinghua University is situated in northwest Beijing, in Haidian District which is designated for universities. It is located on the former site of Qing Dynasty royal gardens a

style landscapes as well as some traditional buildings, but many of its bnd retains some Chinese-

uildings are Western-style reflecting the American influence on its history. With one of the most beautiful campuses and the best engineering and applied science programs in China, it attracts the most talented students of the nation and occupies a position similar to Berkeley, MIT, and Stanford University in the US.

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