帝统治的罗马时代，再到诺曼征服，文艺复兴，工业革命，大英帝国一

仅是经济的强大，更有无与伦比的绚烂文化。这其中，莎比亚独占鳌

九世纪批判现实主义杰出代表，小说家狄更斯可与之媲美。此文正是关

表作《远大前程》的分析。狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大小说家，狄

是因为他非凡的观察力和想象力，文章能牢牢抓住人物的格特征，在

中赋予角色独特的个性与生命，更在于他的小说不仅真实反映了整整

活经历而且生动地揭示了 19 世纪 《远大前中叶整个英的社会现实其

远远超过了同时代的其它大部分作品。程》是狄更斯晚期部重要的作

是集批判现实主义小说之大成。小说围绕主人公匹普成长程展开描写，

普“远大前程”的幻灭过程 ，事实证明其在纸醉金迷的上社会里所追逐

价值。为了使人们更好的理解这部作品，并更清楚的看到更斯作品中

义的强大力量，本文旨在对他的《远大前程》中各主要人的性格发展

进行分析。 《远大前程》 关键词: ;狄更斯;主要人物;性格变化;

Britain is an ancient country with a long history and culture from early-age residents ofIberia to Roman times ruled by Julius Caesar and then to the Norman conquest theRenaissance the industrial revolution the British empire not only harvests all the economyboom but also has a sea of incomparable gorgeous culture. Among them Shakespeare pullsahead only the nineteenth century outstanding representative of critical realism novelistDickens is the comparable. Generally regarded as the greatest literary geniuses of his time inVictorian England Charles Dickens 1812 -1870 enjoyed a wider popularity than anyprevious author had done during his lifetime “because of the magnitude of his artisticachievement and because of the comprehensiveness of the picture it gives of his age. Thisarticle is about to analysis Dickens masterpiece quotgreat expectationsquot. Dickens was named thenineteenth century Britain greatest novelist not only because his special powers ofobservation and imagination but his article can hold characteristics into unique individualcharacter and life. His novels not only reflect the whole generation of life experience but alsovividly reveal the picture of middle age of the nineteenth century and the whole of the UKsocial reality. Their depth and breadth are far more than the contemporary other works. quotGreatexpectationsquot is an important work written by Dickens in his old age we can say this is thegreatest achievement of critical realism. This novel describes around the hero Pip and hisgreat expectations of disillusion process through the facts he finally realized his target for theflashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society was of no value. In order to makepeople better understand this works and more clearly see Dickens works great power ofcritical realism this article focus on the influence factors of the development of the maincharacters. Key words: quotgreat expectations quot;Dickens;main figures;development of character;

inner and outer factors Table of ContentsOutline 1Introduction 3Chapter I Dickens Cultural Position and the Content of the quotGreat Expectation quot 4 1.1 The Important Status of Dickens 4 1.2 The Main Content of the quotGreat Expectation quot 4Chapter II Several Main Characters’ Personality Development Process 7 2.1 The Original

Characteristics of the Main Figures 7 2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of Pip 7 2.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe Gargery 7 2.1.3 The Original Characteristic of Miss Havisham 8 2.2 The Development of Characteristics of the Main Figures 10 2.2.1 The Development of Characteristics of Pip 10 2.2.2 The Development of Characteristics of

Joe Gargery 11 2.2.3 The Development of Characteristics of Miss Havisham 12Chapter III Analysis of the Inner and Outer Factors for the Above Development 14 3.1 The Inner Factors 14 3.2 The Outer Factors 15Chapter IV Conclusion17Bibliography

18Acknowledgements 20 Outline Thesis statement: Through the analysis of several main characters’ personalitydevelopment process we get the inspiration that we should have

strong heart and use externalfactors positively.I . Dickens is the most important figure in the English literature knowing his cultural position is the first step to analysis the quotGreat Expectation quot. A. The important statue of Dickens will never be overestimated for that studying him can show us a panorama of his times. B .As the most distinctive master work of Dickens the quotGreat Expectationquot can not only indicate how Dickens is but also itself is a appreciating book.II . Character is the soul of a book and in order to know a work better we have to study its characters and in this book the development of the main characters is the most sparking point. A. We need to know how the original characteristics of the main figures are so that we can set the basis of the cooperation. 1. Pip is a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy. 2. Joe Gargery is an honest industrious mild good-natured and easy-going dear fellow. 3. Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman. B. The development of the main characters is the more weighting part in this one we can find that how these figures grow up and change. 1. Pip changes little by little and almost becomes a bad man. 1 2. Joe becomes unselfish and warm-hearted. 3. Miss Havisham becomes an invalid in heart.III . For any development there are some reasons no matter they are about outside forces orinside eager so in this part I am going to analyses the inner and outer factor for the abovecharacters. A. Inner factors include family family condition faith and knowledge etc. B. Outer factors include environment friends other’s help etc.IV. Conclusion: We should actively use external factors to pursue the great expectations. 2 Introduction My first name was Philip but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip.So Pip was what everybody called me. I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister whowas over twenty years older than me... With the words we are into a story: This article is about to analysis Dickensmasterpiece quotgreat expectations”. Dickens was named the nineteenth century Britain greatestnovelist not only because his special powers of observation and imagination but his articlecan hold characteristics into unique individual character and life. His novels not only reflectthe whole generation of life experience but also vividly reveal the picture of middle age ofthe nineteenth century and the whole of the UK social reality. Their depth and breadth are farmore than the contemporary other works. quotGreat expectationsquot is an important work writtenby Dickens in his old age we can say this is the greatest achievement of critical realism. Thisnovel describes around the hero Pip and his great expectations of disillusion process throughthe facts he finally realized his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in politesociety was of no value. 3Chapter I Dickens Cultural Position and the Content of the quotGreat Expectation quot1.1 The Important Status of Dickens Dickens is the most significant novelist of the English. In English history of culturethere is one peak that cannot be surpassed by any other figures. Dickens is the onlycomparable outstanding figure with William Shakespeare. Dickens is the greatest novelist in 19th century critical realism outstanding delegates. Hisnovels is not only a true reflection of the whole generation of life experience but vividlyreveals the mid 19th century Britains entire social reality the depth and breadth is far beyondthe contemporary most other works .Dickens’s later work Great

Expectations 1861 which isconsidered as his artistic masterpiece is the most perfectly constructed of all Dickens’s novels.“Surely the characters in Great Expectations are the greatest collection in all of Englishfiction.”Dickens 2791.2 The Main Content of the

quotGreat Expectation” Dickens is one of the worlds best-loved writers and Great

Expectations may beDickens most autobiographical work. Although an earlier novel David copperfield followedthe facts of Dickens life more closely the narrator David seems a little too good to be true.The narrator of Great Expectations Pip is in contrast a man of many faults who hides noneof them from the reader. If Pip is a self-portrait Dickens must have been a reservoir ofinferiority complexes guilt and shame. 4 The beginning of the novel is set shortly after Dickens birthdates 1812 in the countryof his childhood--the Kentish countryside by the sea the nearest large town is Rochesterwhere Miss Havisham lives. Dickens wasnt an orphan as Pip is but he may well have feltlike one. His parents were sociable pleasant people but when Charles who was the eldestboy was nine the Dickens’s pulled up roots and moved to London to try to live more cheaply.Charles was appalled by the cramped grubby house they lived in there and even moreashamed when his father was arrested and taken to debtors prison. “The rest of the Dickens’swere allowed to move into prison with their father but twelve-year-old Charles

had to livealone.” Ashley 9 In spite of his depression Dickens managed to include in

Great Expectations theuntranscended comedy he was known and loved for. His driving need to please his public kepthim on balance. The novels themes however are very serious. He writes about human natureitself a mixture of misery joy hope and despair. Dickens wrote it because his vision of lifewas growing complex and he was too great a genius to simplify it. Luckily he was also agreat enough genius to write a book that people could enjoy. Though Dickens bared hispsychological problems in this novel he was still trying to reach out to his readers to makethem see their own lives more clearly.

because he isso human so honest and so much Perhaps this is why people love Dickens--

likes all of us. In this novel Dickens set the beginning in a village cemetery a small boy Pip isaccosted by a runaway convict Magwitch who demands food and a file to saw off his leg iron.Pip helped him. Not long after this Pip is invited to the gloomy home of rich eccentric MissHavisham who wants a boy to quotplayquot for her amusement. But Pips real role at Miss 5Havishams turns out to be as a toy for Miss Havishams adopted daughter Estella who hasbeen raised with one purpose--to break mens hearts Pip falls in love with Estella andbecomes self-conscious about his low social class and unpolished manners. From then on hisabiding dream is to be a gentleman. Then a London lawyer Jiggers comes to the village to tell Pip that he has come into afortune from an anonymous source. Finally he came to know that it was Magwitch whohelped him. Blamers 23 Back in London Pip learns that Magwitch once had a baby girl butshe was abandoned by her mother. Piecing together evidence Pip realizes with shock thatEstella was that baby girl. Later he accepted a job in an overseas branch of Herberts office.Returning to England many years later Pip visits Miss Havishams house which has beenpulled down. Estella is there too. As they walk away hand in hand it looks as though theywould finally get together. 6 Chapter II Several Main Characters’ Personality Development Process2.1 The

Original Characteristics of the Main Figures quotGreat Expectation” contains a lot of characters such as Pip his sister Mrs. Joe Gargerythe town blacksmith Joe Mr. Wopsle Mr. and Mrs. Hubble Miss Havisham eccentric oldlady who lives up town Estella Miss Havishams snooty beautiful daughter Biddy Orrick Vompeyson Abel Magwitch

Miss Skiffins and so on . In my paper I focus on threemain figures .They are Pip Joe Gargery and Miss Havisham.2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of Pip The novel begins at the church graveyard on Christmas Eve. Pip informs us that he is anorphan and lives in the marsh country. Julie 29 An escaped convict appears and threatensPip. He commands Pip to bring him a file and vittles food or hell cut Pips throat. AlthoughPip is scared to death and knows clearly that the man is a escaped dangerous prisoner hegoes back home to steal food and even a bottle of brandy for him and gives him a smooth fileto help him to cast off the iron chain. On Pips way to the church graveyard he imagines thatall the animals are sneering and blaming him. The leopard cat hung in the food cupboard iscalling Joe wake up to seize the thief and the cattle are talking about his misconduct andscoring him which are the typical illusion of a naive little kid. So at the first place Pip isdescribed as a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy. Douglas 192.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe Gargery 7 Joe is Pip’s brother-in-law but there is a big gap in their

ages. He actually plays the roleof Pip’s father. But this father is somewhat different

because he in fact has authority in thefamily run by Mrs. Joe. Compared with Pip Joe is only a fellow-sufferer of Mrs. Joe’s cruelty.Joe’s situation and influence is too feeble. He is an honest industrious mild good-natured and easy-going dear fellow. Pip alwaystreats him as a large species of child and as no more than his standard. He protects and lovesPip. Joe is not well educated and even has difficulty in spelling his own name but Joeencourages Pip to learn. Joe is also very forgiving. When talking about the causes of histolerance of Mrs. Joe Joe says: quotIm dead afraid of going wrong in the way of not doingwhats right by a woman and Id fur rather of the two go wrong the other way and be a littleill-conveniences myself. I wish it was only me that got put out Pip I wish there won’t notickler for you old chap I wish I could take it all on myself.quot(Dickens 101)

From this part of novel we can clearly see that Joe is the most kind-hearted person who iswilling to do every thing to help pip and to satisfy his wife. The image of Joe maybe the mostdirect influence positive factor that make Pip grow up as such an honest and simple boy thatat the very ending readers can have quite a beautiful picture.2.1.3 The original characteristic of Miss Havisham In Great Expectation the distinctive character Miss Havisham attracts critics’ andresearchers’ attention the articles at home referred to the analyses on the character and imageof Great Expectation are numerous. In a typical study of this type Li Guangming 2007suggested that Miss Havisham is a victim of complex forces which from her family and the 8bourgeois society. Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman that Dickens had evercr.

_远大前程_人物性格分析

科技创新导报２０１０　　ＮＯ．０１

学　术　论　坛

《远大前程》人物

张健

(包头轻工职业技术学院 内蒙古包头 014045)

摘 要：本文深入细致的分析了狄《远大前程》一中的主要人物皮普的生活经历与路历程，揭示了英国维多利亚时代人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系，展现了生活在那个时代的层民众的生存状态。关键词：狄斯　　远大程　　普　　人物

中图分类号：Ｉ１０６文

《远大前程》是查尔斯?狄更斯艺术生的环境可以造就成不同的人。当，我们知羽毛

涯后期最代表性的长篇小说。小描述道，内因才是决定个人发展的关键因素。到律师贾格斯的出现，皮普内心了一个名为皮的孤儿的生活经历和心路皮普如果不是一天真、质朴的少年，而的欲与实现虚荣的可能推向了峰。这发展历程，艺术的揭示了这孤儿从对幸一个成熟、倔强的少年，这个故不个作为英黑暗法律制度身的律师，福生活的期望到幻灭的整个过程。在会是这样一个结局了。对一个心想要“报为了皮普在伦生活的监护，也给了皮这本书中，“远大前程”一反话，并是复男人”的哈维莎姆小姐说，皮普是一个普一个成为上等人的梦想。这个梦想让皮真的指孤儿皮普有什远大的前程，而恰绝佳的具和发泄对象。让年轻漂亮的养普精神焕发“，次日清晨，我已经是一个恰是指的一种“幻灭”，一幻想的幻灭。但女埃斯特拉去主动近皮普，却又不断的同的，的人远景也已改变。清晨使我如读者只是把本书理解成本描写孤嘲笑普，维莎姆的计划是成功的。轻焕发一新，和以前截然不同。”皮普带着对幻想破灭的书，那就误解也估作者的的皮普像一个偶，被哈维莎未来美好的憧憬，带着他的“远大前程”出本意，者是要在对孤儿皮普的描述中展姐和命运玩弄于股掌间。对爱斯特拉的发了。但进入伦敦的皮普没有学到“上流社现１９世纪英国维多利时代的社会生，倾慕使普开始厌恶自己“那双粗糙手会”的学识，却学会了“流社会”的奢华，揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种恶。和那双笨头笨脑的皮靴”，用普自己的话开始了花钱如流水的生活，“我慢

主人公皮普自就失去了父母，作者说就是“我在对这些东西很是瞧不起了，了继承产的事实，也于不知不觉之中开在小的开始以第一人称的口吻这样叙述些东西过去没有恼过我，现在却我始注意遗产对我个人的影响，以及对我周着主人公的身世：“我说皮利普是我父亲的烦恼了。它确是些粗堪东西。”也围人们的影响。”“们在花钱方面从不计姓，是有根据的，因为我父的墓碑上刻开始埋起一直“以诚相待，推心置腹”算，有多少花多少。”“我贪图安逸享，由着他的，而且我姐也这么说。姐嫁“伙计”“我决定回家去乔，为什么他总小乐而到大乐，这是必经之路，最后弄得一给铁匠乔?葛里，现在是葛奇里夫人是告诉那些叫做贾克，而实上应身债。”可以说，皮普不学无术才是断了。至我，来没有见过亲和亲，是奈。我想，如果当年乔的教一些，送其“远大前程”的关键因素。等到皮普明也没有看到过他们两位的照片。”从这里我我也不至于落到这步。”该说，作为一白了财富的真来源，明白了给予他“远大们可以了解到，这样一个自幼由嫁给铁匠个孩子，在虚荣面前有些抱怨还是可前程”的资助者的真实身份，那“远大程”的姐姐抚养长的孤儿，在那个时代是不解的，毕竟这符合人性。的幻想也就开始它的幻历程。直到债可获得什么太好的教育的。教育的缺失于此时，从这里开始我们也以看到，高筑的皮普在善的姐夫帮助下走和家境的情况使得幼年的皮普把姐夫做狄更斯在《远大前程》中对人物理的描写困境，那个质朴的皮普才一次出现在理想的奋斗目标。而实上，在这个由姐姐比之以更加细腻、真，物内世界读者的视中。人性的回归，虚荣的淡尽，掌握大权的家里，夫也是唯一“以诚的更加坚决、彻底。其前期的人物形“夜雾散处，月华皎洁”之中，皮与埃斯相待，推心置腹”的人。而“一手”抚养他长象相比，皮普的形象更加丰富逼真，这是作拉携手走出废墟，此情此景不仅达作大的姐姐呢，“我姐姐乔?葛奇夫人比者摆脱了人物一性和确定的一表者善良愿望，也表明了作者对于使无我要年长二十多岁。她一直说我是由她一现。也使得皮普这个人物更接近现实，更能者心灵遭受摧残的社会环境的间接控诉。手带的，因此在左右舍享有很大名气，反映当时的社会情形。在皮普的

参考文献倍受夸奖。从小我就想了解这里的“一手”看不到狄更斯期作品中种

［１］张世梅，田祥斌．狄更笔下的孤儿形究竟是什么含义。我所知道的她的手，是结写，不到作者直接义的物

实笨重而又冷酷严厉的，因她特别喜欢一个有其自身言行举止，内心活动的崭新象［Ｊ］．青海师专学报．２０００

把她的巴掌打在她丈夫的身，当然也喜的形象。对皮普的是非要由读者自己来判［２］晓霞．小说中物话的

其翻译［Ｊ］．华南农业大学学报．２００２年０１欢打在我的身上。我想?葛奇里和就

期．这样由她一手带大的吧。”读者可以在字里皮普是真实，也就是从这

［３］朱立元．当代文艺理论．２００５年４月第二行间读出作者的良苦用心，但即使在这样那对虚荣的爱慕结开萌

版．充满了暴力的家庭里长大，皮普依然保持脱现状的想法始不可遏制的

着天真、质朴的性格，文中作者还特意用一快的开始实施“两天后的一个

段对吃面包的描述来展示皮普的天真可来时突然想到一非常好的主。

爱：“在吃晚餐时，我们有个习惯，要比较一自己走向不平，最为上策的

下吃面包的速度，不时地悄悄拿起所啃的毕蒂，学会她所道的一切东

面包比一下，并且相互会心地表示赞美。这用。”从这一刻始，皮普开始

样，我们啃面包就越啃越有劲。”幼年的皮历程。从这一刻始，皮普对现

普也是善良的，这一点即使是在面对逃犯发明显，对自己曾的梦想也开

时也未曾改变，也正是这种善良为他日后始厌弃“，过去，一直很自信，

的命运埋下了伏笔。一天，我卷起衬衫袖口

哈维莎姆小姐的出现，彻底改变了皮的学徒，我一定十神气，十分

普一生的命运。在这里我们要注意一点，那今，昔日的愿望成现实，我满

就是作者查尔斯?狄更斯的哲学思想之一灰尘，肮脏不堪；日只要一追

是环境对人思想的影响。狄更斯认为，不同感十分沉重，即打铁的铁砧与

２４２科技创新导报　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ　Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ　Ｈｅｒａｌｄ

【doc】《远大前程》人物性格分析

《远大前程》人物性格分析 2010NO.01

甍币dTechnologyInnovationHerald 远大前程物

张健

(包头轻工职业技术学院内蒙古包头014045)

学术论坛

摘要:本文深入细致的分析了更斯《远大前程》一文中的主要人物皮普的生活经历与心路历,揭示了英国多利时

之间赤裸裸的金钱关系,现了生活在那个时代的底层民众的生存状态. 关键词:狄更斯远大程皮人

中图分类号:I106文标识码:A文章编号:1674—098X(201o)o1(a)

?远大前程是查尔斯?狄

涯后期最具代表性的长篇小说.小说描述

了一个名为皮普的孤儿的生活

发展历程,艺术的揭示了这位

福生活的期望到幻想破灭的整

这本书中,"远大前程"是一句话,并

真的指孤儿皮普有什么远大的

恰是指的一种"幻灭",一种幻

如果读者只是把本书理解成一

幻想破灭的书,那就误解也低

本意,作者是要在对孤儿皮普

现l9世纪英国维多利亚时代社会生

揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的

主人公皮普自幼就失去了

在小说的开始以第一人称的

着主人的身世:"我说皮普是我父亲的 姓,是有根据的,因为我父亲的墓碑上刻 着的姓,而且我姐姐也么说.我姐姐嫁 给了铁匠乔?葛奇里,现在是葛奇里人 .至于我,从来没有到过父亲和母亲, 也没有看过他们两位的照片."从这里 们可以解到,这一个自幼由给铁匠 姐姐抚养长大的,在那个时代是不 可能获得什么太好的育的.教育的缺失 家境的情使得幼年的皮普把夫当做 理想的斗目标.而事实上,在这个由姐 掌握大权的家里,姐夫也是唯一可以"以诚 相待,推心置腹"的人.而"一手"抚养他长 大的姐姐呢,"我的姐姐乔?葛奇里夫人比 我要年长二多岁.她一直说我是由一 手带大的,因此在左邻右享有很大名气, 倍受夸.从小我就想了解这里的"一" 究竟是什么含.我所道的的,是结 实笨重而又酷严厉的,因为她特别喜 把她的巴掌打在她丈夫的身上,然喜 欢打在的身.想乔?葛奇我就是 这样由她一手带大的吧."读者可在字里 行间读出作者的良苦用心,但即使在样 充满了暴力的家庭里长大,皮普依然保持 着天真,质朴的性格,中作者还特用一 对吃面包的描述来展示普的真可 爱:"在晚餐时,我们有个习惯,要比较一 下吃面的速度,不时地悄悄拿起的 面包比一下,并且相互会心地表示赞

样,我们啃面包就越啃越有劲."年的皮 普也是善的,这一点即使是在面对逃犯 时也未曾改变,也正是种善良为他El 的命埋下

哈维莎姆小姐的出现,彻底改变r皮 普一的命运.在这里我们要意一点,那 就是作者查尔斯-狄更斯哲学思想之一 是环境对人思想的影响.狄更斯认为,不同 的环境可以造就不同的人.当然,我们知 道,因才是决定一个人发展的关键因素. 普如果不是一个真,质的少,而是

个成熟,倔强的年,也许这个故事就不 会是这样一结局了.对一个一心想要"报 复男人"的维姆小姐来说,皮普是一个 绝的工具和发泄对象.让轻漂的养 女埃斯拉去主动近皮普,却又不断的 笑皮普,哈维莎的计划是成功的.年 皮普就像一个线木偶,被哈维莎姆小 姐和命运玩弄于股掌之间.对爱斯特拉的 倾慕使皮普开始厌自己"那双粗的手 和那双笨头笨脑的皮靴",用皮普自己的话 说就是"现在这些西很是瞧起了, 这些东过去没有烦恼过我,在却我 烦恼了.们确是些粗俗不堪的东西."也 开始埋怨起一直"以诚相待,推心置腹"的 "伙计…我决定家去问问乔,为什么他总 是告诉我那牌叫做贾克,而实际上应 是奈夫.我,如果当年乔的教养高

我也不至于落到这地步."应该说,作为一 个孩子,在虚荣面前有些抱怨还是可以 解的,毕这也合

于此同时,从这里开始我们也以到, 狄更斯在远大前程》对人物心理的描写 比之以往更细腻,真实,对物内心世界 的探索更加坚决,彻底.其前期的人物形 象相比,皮普的形象更加丰富逼真,这是作 者摆脱了人物单一和确定性的一种表 现.也皮普这个人物更接近现实,更能 反当时的社情形.在皮普的身上,我们 看不到狄更斯早期作品那种脸谱化的描 写,不到作者直接义的人格,而是

个有其自身言行举止,内心活动的崭新 的形象.对皮普的是非要由者自己来 断,

皮普是真实的,也就是从这一刻开始, 那种对虚荣的爱慕情结开动,那种摆 脱现状的想法开始不可的出现,很 的开始实施"一一两天后的个早晨,我 来时突然想到一个非常好的主意.我要使 自己走向不平凡,最为策的办法是去找 毕蒂,学会她所知道的一东西自所 用."从这一刻开始,皮普开始了他奋斗 历.从这一刻开始,皮普对现状的不满愈 发明显,对自己曾的梦想也开始怀疑,开 厌弃,"过去,一直很

天,我卷起衬衫袖口走进铁匠铺,当上乔 的,我一定十分神气,十幸福.可如 今,昔13的愿望已成现实,我满身的煤屑, 灰尘,肮脏不堪;每13只要一追及往事,便 感十分沉重,即铁的铁砧与之相比,也 242科

如羽毛一样轻."

直到律师贾格斯的出,将皮普内心 的欲望与实现虚荣的可能向了顶峰.这 个作为英国黑暗法律制度化身的律师,成 为了皮普在伦敦生活的监护人,也给皮 普一个成为上等的梦.这梦想让皮 普精焕发,"次清晨,我已经是一个不 同人,我的人生远景也改变清晨使我 焕发一,和前截然不同."普带着对 未来美好的憧憬,带着他的"远大前程出 发了.但进入伦敦的皮普没有学到.上流社 会"的学识,却学会"上流社会"的奢华, 开始了花钱流水的生活,"我慢地习惯 了承遗的事实,也于不知不之中开 始注意遗对我个人的影响,以及对周 围们响""在花钱方面从不计 算,有多花多少.…我贪图安逸享乐,由 小乐而到大乐,这是必经之路,最后弄得一 债务."可以,皮普的不学无术才是断 送其"远大前程"的关键因素.等到普明 白了财富正来源,明白了给予他"

"远大前程 前程"的资助者真实身

的幻想也就开始了它的幻灭

台高筑的皮普在善良的姐夫的帮助下走出 境,那个质朴的皮普再一次出现在 读者的视野中.人性的回,虚荣的淡尽, "夜雾散处,月华皎洁"之中,皮普与埃斯特 拉携手走出,此情此景不仅传达了作 善良愿望,也表明了作者对于使无辜 者灵遭受摧残的社环境的间控诉. 参考文

[I】张世梅,田祥斌.狄更斯笔下的孤儿形 象[J】.青海师

[2]尹晓霞.小说中人物话语的表达方式及 其翻译[J].华南农业

[3]朱立元.当代文艺理论.20054月第

《远大前程》中皮普的人物性格分析

摘要:文深入致的分了狄更斯《远大前程》一中的主要人皮普的生活经历与心历程,揭示了英国维多利亚时人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系,

关键

《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯艺术生后期最具表性的长篇小说。小说描述了一个名为皮普的孤的活经历和心路发历程,艺术的揭示了这位孤从对幸生活的期望到幻想破灭的整过程。在这本书中“,远大前程”一句反话,并不是真的孤儿有什么远大的前,而恰恰是指的一种“幻灭”,一种幻想幻灭。但如果读者只是把本理解成一本描写孤儿幻想破灭书,就误解也低估了者的本意,作者是要在对孤儿皮普描述中19世纪英国维利亚时代的会生活,揭露了产阶级钱世界的种。主人公皮普自幼就失去了父母,作者在小说的开始以一称的口吻这样叙述主人公的世“:我说皮利普是我父亲的姓,那有根据的,因为我父亲的碑上刻着他姓,而且我姐姐也这么说。我姐姐嫁给了铁匠乔·葛奇里,在是葛奇里夫人了。至于我,从来没有见到过父亲和母亲,也没有看到过他两位照片。”从这里我们可以了,样个幼由嫁给铁匠的姐姐抚养长大的孤儿,在那个时代是不可能获得什么太的教育的。育缺失和家境的情况使得幼的皮普把姐夫当做理想的奋斗标。而事实上,在这个由姐掌握大的家里,姐夫也是唯一可以“以诚相待,心腹”的人。“一手”抚养他长大的姐姐呢“,我的姐姐乔·葛奇里夫人我年长二十多。一直说我是由她手带大的,因此在左邻右舍享有很大气,倍受夸奖。从小我就想解这里的“一手”究竟是什么义。我所知道的她的手,结实笨重而冷酷严厉的,因为她别喜欢把她的巴掌打在她丈夫的身上,当然也喜欢打在我的身上。我想乔·葛奇里和我就是这样由她一手带大的吧。”读者可以在字里行间读出作者的良用心,但即使在这样充满了力的家庭里长大,皮普依然保持着天真、质朴的性格,文中作还特意用一段对吃面包的描述来展示皮普的天真爱“:在吃晚餐时,我们有个惯,要比较一下吃面包的速度,不地悄拿起所啃的面包比一下,并且相互会心地表示美。这样,我们啃面包就越有劲。”幼年的皮普也是善良的,这一点即是在面对逃犯时也曾变,正是这种善良为他日后命运埋下了伏笔。哈维莎姆

变了皮普一生的命运。在这里我们要意一点,就是作者查尔斯·狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环对人想的影响。狄更认为,不同的环境可以造成不同人。当然,我们知道,内因是决定一个人发展的关键因素。普如果不是一个天真、朴的,而是一个成、倔强的少年,也许这个故事就不会是这一个结局了。对一个一心要“报复男人”的哈维莎姆小来说,皮普是一个绝佳工具和发泄对象。让年轻漂亮的女埃斯去主动接近皮普,却又不断的笑皮普,哈维姆的计划成功的。皮普就像一个提线木偶,被哈维姆小姐和命运玩弄股之间。对爱斯特拉倾慕使皮开始厌恶自己“那双粗糙的手和那双头笨脑皮靴”,用皮自己的话说就是“我现在对这些东西很是瞧不起了,这些东西过去没有恼过我,现在却使我烦恼了。它们确是些粗俗不堪的东西。”也开始埋怨一直“以诚相待,推心置腹”的“”“我回家去问问乔,为什么他总是告诉我那些牌叫做贾克,而实际上应该是奈夫。我想,如当年乔的教养高一些,我不至于落到这地步。”应该,作为一个孩子,在虚荣面有些抱还是可以理解的,毕竟这也符合人性。此同,从这里开我们以看到,狄更斯在《远大前程》中对人物心理的写之以往更加、真实,对人物内世界的探索更加坚决、彻底。与其期的人物形象相比,皮普的象更加丰富逼真,这是作者摆人物单一性和确定性一种表现。使得皮普这个人物更近现实,更能反映当时的社会情形。在皮普的身上,我们看不到狄更斯早期作品中那种脸谱化的描写,看不到作者直接定义的人物性格,而是一个有自身言行举止,内心活动崭新的形象。对皮普的是非要由读者自己来判断、价。皮普真实的,也就是从这一刻开始,那种对虚荣的慕情结开始萌动,那种摆脱状的想法开始不可遏制的出现,并快开始实施“一两天后的一个早晨,我醒来时突然到一个非常好的主意。我自己走向不平凡,最为上策的办法是去找蒂,学会她所知道一东西自己所用。”从这一开始,皮普开始了他的奋斗历

(doc) 狄更斯小说《远大前程》人物性格探析

狄更

2011年9月

第37卷第5期

内

ournalofInnerMongoliaUniversityforNationalities(soaalSciences

Sept.2011

Vol_37No.5

狄

温海涤,张琦2

(1.春范学院传媒学,吉林长春130032;2.长

(摘要]许人都说,匹普小伦敦时,由一位天真少年变成一

个圈”,又回了以前的生活.其实,匹普不是”转了一个圈”回

段经历是远大前程的落,而是另一种意义上的获得.

(键词]《远大前程》;

(中图类号]1042[文标识码]A[文

如们所见,人物及其性格是狄

物及格的深爱是狄更斯创作的源

他们其性格;性格也不是抽象的,

人反映出来.狄更斯赋予其小

征:的,恶的,正常的,变态的.

描述,向我们展示了l9世纪下层

活资的缺乏并不是他们最大的痛

自层社会的不公平待遇和巨大

下,产生了许许多多心理变态的人物.

就《

舅就这样一群人.他们自己不快

人不快乐,但他们永远得不到

上,有生活不幸的人都希望找到

满足,快乐一些,这也是郝薇香小姐

匹普

诉我获得幸福的渠道,它只叙述

考.我看来,匹普的”远大前程”

他心的包袱却卸掉了,他得到了

富有,这是他远大前程的收获.匹

源

一

,

穷的孩子总是梦想有一天变得

了的苦生活,正像《远大前程》中

的增

盼,而能静下心来,成为生活的旁

往一不能理解的人和事.《远大

匹普童年的追溯展开的.笔者认

行太的评价,他只是做了一些叙

也许,所有伟大的作家都是如此,他

读者下广阔的空间.读者恰恰通

更多领悟.笔者也曾读到许多人

着名者.…J但既然小说家留给

表一些与之不同的观点.匹普

私,负义,傲慢而虚荣,他本来

在l9世纪,匹普应该受到谴责.但

不羞,我们不得不像匹普一样,不

社会运作规则.”人非圣贤,孰能

错误,但我们不能根据他的错误来判

过,虽一无所得,但做过”,这

(一)童年匹普

匹的童年在全书中篇幅不多,

说家

决定他接下来的命运.同时,他

里,切东西都有生命,会说话,能

乔

“起床上了楼,楼梯每块木板

我后叫道:抓贼,乔夫人,

“有想象力”是匹普一大性格

薇香姐,对他的远大前程有这么

象力,是因为他孤独,在生活中被孤

别人

*[作介]温海涤,长春师范学院传媒学院讲

?

44?

匹胆小怯弱,这使他听从马格

又不相信别人,世上没有人能给

为乔他的朋友,但却不告诉他沼

势利

即便圣诞节晚宴上,也不让他得

他的情,他幼小的心灵一直受到

在伦敦的行为不完全归因于郝

格韦.他憎恨他生活的环境,希

成功,出人头地,从某种意义上得

的自和虚荣而谴责艾丝黛拉,其

他仍恨自己的社会地位,寻找机

拉最不过是催化剂,而郝薇香碰

)铁匠乔 (二

在匹势利的亲戚中,乔是个”例

诚实,善良,正直.在许多人看来,

美德,他像一面镜子,反射出匹普

的罪中,有这么一条,他鄙视乔.

把匹看作”曾经最好的朋友”,但

做什,他的好心与其他亲戚的冷

人责匹普时,乔能做的是”把我扶

普时,乔能做的是”给我一些肉汤,

站出为匹普说话,匹普受罚,被人

别无;而乔不同,他是成年人,

能养全家,不需要乞求食物和同

的.不幸的是,他不明白这一点.

我为,在乔的内心,他把自己

如,Satis庄园,他只冲着匹普

小伦访匹普,他不愿同郝伯特握

,匹普乔 便对他亲爱的匹普,他

的

乔

好朋,可当鲁迅受了教育,闰土做

隔阂,闰土只称鲁迅为”老爷”了.

不能怪匹普,乔也有责任.乔像

民,有觉悟,不认为人生来平等,

的具,甚至认为自己的

如乔疯狂爱着乔夫人,我们得

拜倒她的石榴裙下,但我们却感

乔忠,善良(也是他最大的性格特

蠢.无疑问,他爱匹普,但我们也

匹普,乔夫人,贝蒂,甚至一名逃犯.当他得知他妻子的肉饼

被那逃犯偷去时,他说:”我们并

们总能把你饿死.”他把自己的爱

所谓与错,好与坏,这种行为可以

倡.

你饿”.这个例子往往被引作乔

却不样认为.乔的爱是普遍的,

心肠,但决不是道德准则.现今社

地受指责.我们禁不住同情乔,

他活该.

与相比,马格韦契粗暴,大半

样,生活在社会最底层,他是不

他敢敢恨,他花费所有的钱资助

为匹帮过他;他用一生精力去打

给带来了无穷的痛苦和折磨.

活,他不像乔那样混淆善与恶,而

得快

)成年匹普 (三

很人认为是乔灌输给匹普美

一

个明的孩子,他知道怎样得到

他不因别人的冷淡,虐待而麻木;

象力,既然不受别人欢迎,他就一

耍.

起,

法,即使匹普在墓地非常害怕,

在

称颂是,他暗中帮助郝伯特得到

自私,他就不会帮助郝伯特;我们

爱的结婚而说他贪婪;当然,一个

举

多

止得不好吗?匹普最大的优点,

待

知,却不恨她,只恨自己,他会马

种情.这让人想到一些现象:有

到羞,而总是找借口,把责任推卸

界变而不是自己去适应.如果

监

匹

一

想乔,就内心不安.他确实为

艾丝拉的看法,这种想法并不高

普没过多伤害乔,因为乔总是自

普只内心想过,并没有表露出来.

些

一

些认为,匹普的冷酷,可以

上得见证.他们觉得,匹普得获

就该受感动.我们不妨设身处地

站在

匹普直认为郝薇香小姐才是他的

受这现实,虽然他不情愿,还是决

(四)匹普对艾丝黛拉的爱情

最让感动是匹普对艾丝黛拉的

残酷,讽他,撕碎他的心,匹普从

?

45?

为了,匹普才想出人头地,成为

心,使她将成为别人的妻子,匹

“爱的艾斯黛拉,不要听郝

把抛在一边,你这么做,我接

人……”

他艾斯黛拉胜过一切,他的爱

的,

做到这一点呢?

三,《远大前程》其他人

一

些论者说,匹普在小伦敦的

福”.其实,他的童年并不单纯,在

亲戚时不在伤害他.乔夫人,伍普

”即是互奉 们同匹普,样都是

承,以为是地夸耀着他们的”光荣

匹普”她一手带大了他”,潘波趣认

前程.让人愤怒的是,他们通过伤

除了悔之外一无所得,我们可以

生伤过,但我们却不可能原谅匹

由这做.唯一的答案,就是这个

受上社会的欺压,却找不到发泄

说的

河虾.然而,他们和匹普一样,都

时期,匹普就深切感受到来自上面的

而在伦敦的经历给了他所有的

在伦生活不是一种”脱离”而是

经历,失去过,也获得过.历史总

历也样,这些日子使他的生活更

实上,匹普比以前做得更好,在故事

香的为,不是恨,而是给予同情,

特;且,当艾斯黛拉被人抛弃,不

他仍爱她.

《大前程》是一个悲剧,悲剧

程的

故事他只是碰到一些令人高兴的

做名铁匠,对外面的世界一无

育,长了见识,同心爱的人结了

有.不过,如果找到了真正的

四,结论

小中使用第一人称,让我们

和空的匹普的声音.少年匹普描

白;使明白,也不能用文字表达.

育,不仅能感受,理解,还充当了

人.们感受着他们的思想,匹普

来.一本书就是听一个故事,就

他们生活经历娓娓道来.阅读和

的心弦.

可说,《远大前程》打破了狄

?科波

未犯错;奥利夫一直都很单纯,诚

样一有血有肉,有感情有思想,

象.为现实主义作家,狄更斯即

反

(参考文献]

(1]

学

[2)

),2000,(1):57—63. 学版

(3]赵秋.狄更斯小说人物的类型与发

学,1991,(5):90—94.

StudyontheCharacteristicsinDickens’GreatExpectations

WENHal—di’,ZHANGQi

(1.ChangchunNomalUniversity,Changchun100032,China;

2.TourislmInstituteofChangchunUniversity,Changchun,130000,China)

Abstract:ThepaperdiscussesthecharacteristicsinGreatExpectations,andput{orwardso

meviewswhich

differentwiththetraditionalviews.Manypeoplesaythat,Pipchangesfromaninnocentboy

intoasuperior,

snobbishandselfishpersonwhenhewasinsmallLondon.Finally,hewasjustmadeacirclea

ndthenbackto

theoldlifestyle.Thispaperholdsthat:PipiSnot”makeacircle”andthencomebacktowhere

hestarted.He

willneverfeelhappybutforthisexperience.Thisexperienceisnotalossofhisgreatexpectat

ionsbutagainin

anotherway:andJoeiSnotamodelinmoralauthorityaswel1.

KeyWords:GreatExpectations;characteristics;Pip;Joe

(责任编辑高宇)

?

46?

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