汉译英散文翻译技巧,高手进
在应有的翻译基本功(达意、连贯、衔接等)基础上,此法可保译文中规中矩且不乏出彩之处。
简单来说,这种方法可以被称作“白话过渡与精修”,意思很明白,就是先用大白话把诗话的散文过一遍,然后以达意为主要目的粗粗翻译一遍,再在原文基础上进行语言精修。
如冰心《笑》中的选段: “雨声渐渐的住了,窗帘后隐隐地透进清光来。
推开窗户一看,呀!凉云散了,树叶上的残滴,映着月儿,好似萤光千点,闪闪烁烁的动着。
——真没想到苦雨孤灯之后,会有这么一幅清美的图画!”原文极尽诗意,不少人看第一眼就头大。
别着急,我们按步骤慢慢来。
1.用白话汉语说一遍别看冰心奶奶写得好看,其实这段话意思很简单。
我给大家说一遍。
“雨停了,有点光从窗帘后面照进来。
我打开窗户一看,呀,云彩没了,树叶上剩下的雨滴,在月光下,闪烁得像萤火虫。
真没想到在这个孤独的夜晚,下完雨之后,我能看见这么美的一幅画!”2.把上面这段白话文翻成英语。
The rain stopped. Therewassome light to come into the room through the curtain. I opened the windowandlooked out. Ah, the clouds had disappeared. The raindrops on the leaves,underthe moonlight, glistened like thousands of fireflies. I cannot think Icouldsee such a beautiful picture after the miserable rain in a lonely night.到这里,该有人说了,你这翻得什么玩意啊,敢拿去考试吗!别着急,可不要小看这一步,最起码,它实现了翻译最基本的功能——达意。
很多人在刚刚开始的时候往往忽视这一点,以为拽几个大词就是好翻译,请记住,达意是翻译的基础。
3.好的,下面我们来“精修”。
在这一布中主要实现的是表情功能,具体来说有两方面,一是优化语言,二是加强连贯。
一句一句来。
第一句。
“雨声渐渐的住了”请注意,这里是“声”,并不简单的是雨停了。
所以用个拟声词即可达到效果。
The rain gradually stoppedto patter。
千万不要翻成什么The sound of the rainstopped。
要牢记中心意思是雨停了。
若果觉得stop没技术含量可以换成cease。
这俩分句我们可以给连起来,把前面半句作伴随状语。
而后面那句的精华在“透”这个字上,应当找一个传神的英语动词,filter滤镜这个词刚好能够传神。
至于“清光”怎么翻就不用在意啦,老外也不懂,而且 filter这个词已经能传递这个意思啦。
因此第一句话完整的就是As the rain graduallyceased topatter, a glimmer of light began to filter into the room through thecurtain.第二句。
原文有点长,可按意思拆成两句。
没啥好说的。
很简单。
I opened the window andlooked out.往下。
“凉云”其实就是乌云的别称,不翻出来也没关系。
The clouds haddisappeared/vanished.(注意时态)。
接下来我们在刚才译文的基础上稍加修饰即可。
The remaining(残)raindrops on the leavesglistened beautifully(各种赞美的形容词都可)under the moonlight like thousands (都是虚指,可以换成countless,再文一点可以换成myriads) of fireflies. 这里灵活一点,就不用非得纠结是萤火虫还是萤火虫的光了……最后一句。
注意这里的感叹语气。
一般来说,像“谁能想到”“哪里想到”“真没想到”这种表达,英文里有对应的,叫To think that……这句话可以搞成To think that I could seesuch a beautiful sight afterthe miserable rain in a lonely night!(孤灯其实就是孤独的夜晚,直接翻孤灯反而会显得奇怪。
)不想用主动语态,还可以搞成物作主语,更形象一点。
To think that thereshouldappear before my eyes such a beautiful sight after the miserable rain inalonely night!完整的译文就是:As the rain graduallyceased topatter, a glimmer of light began to filter into the room through thecurtain. Iopened the window and looked out. Ah,the clouds hadvanished and theremaining raindrops on the leaves glistened beautifully underthe moonlight likemyriads of fireflies. To think that there should appearbefore my eyes such abeautiful sight after the miserable rain in a lonelynight!至此,大功告成,同时兼备了达意和表情功能。
或许会有人问,这么做不会很浪费时间么,前两步有必要么?熟练了之后真不浪费时间,前面两布都是心里默念的。
这有助于对整体的把握,特别是落很长的时候。
而且就考试来看,达意是最基本的考察点,其次才是拔高点表情。
也不会浪费时间,整个下来也就十分钟。
如果碰到很长的段落,就更要注重主体意思的表达以及各句子之间的衔接啦。
当然,这只是一种练习方式,还是要平时多看英语进行大量积累,方才能够在第三步精修时游刃有余。
此种方法同样适用于成语和文言文的翻译,大家不妨试试。
汉译英在线翻译句子
1. Power Switch Function is on / off controller working power source. 2. Amplitude modulator Is used to control the waveform duty cycle to regulate its function is within a certain range to change the vibration amplitude plating on the plating speed from micro-adjustment feature. 3. Velocity regulator Waveform is used to control the frequency of adjustment, the main function is to adjust speed plating. 4. Insurance Block 10A - Output DC insurance seat, when the overcurrent protection for the components used. 5. 6 terminals Input for the power supply, while the output control signals to the vibration plate machine. 6. Wiring diagram of the external terminals 6 Figure (D). 五. Instructions 1. Ensure that the vibration plate machine power input line is correct, the normal power supply, reliable, vibration plate fixed to the scaffold; 2. For the first time use, should be amplitude and velocity regulator scale are transferred 0. 3. POWER pull the power switch to the ON state. 4. With adjustable speed and amplitude adjustment potentiometer, so that plating velocity in the setting / best condition for continuous vibration plate. Note: in the regulation of speed and amplitude adjustment potentiometer, the first edge of the potentiometer a small black body, (called "lock potentiometer settings" button), counter-clockwise to set the drawing state, before they can be carried out on the potentiometer setting and regulation. Adjust to normal, we should "lock potentiometer settings" button in a clockwise direction pulling the lock to ensure that it does not out technical errors, otherwise set the parameters of the drift due to the quality of products would be adversely influence, and in severe damage to the machine so that vibration plate. 5. Shutdown / or stop the vibration plate when the POWER dial directly to the power switch to the OFF position, cut off the power supply controller can be. 六. Fault Detection 1. No vibration, and the power switch POWER indicator light does not shine. Approach: Are there any power supply; DC fuse is blown. 2. No vibration, but the power switch POWER indicator light. 3. Approach: 1) Check the scale of the amplitude modulator is greater than 4. 2) Check the e-board, components, and whether there is loose wiring, broken. 3) Check the output control signal cable is open circuit. Other matters: Please refer to the narrative part of mechanical vibration plate machine 7. Notes 1. The controller is strictly prohibited without customs of electricity allocated among the various contact socket; 2. Potentiometer is prohibited under the late unlocking adjustment potentiometer; 3. Abnormal failure can not be excluded, it shall promptly notify the professional staff carry out maintenance operations. Figure D 6 terminal wiring diagram 五. Instructions 1. Ensure that the vibration plate machine power input line is correct, the normal power supply, reliable, vibration plate fixed to the scaffold; 2. For the first time use, should be amplitude and velocity regulator scale are transferred 0. 3. POWER pull the power switch to the ON state. 4. With adjustable speed and amplitude adjustment potentiometer, so that plating velocity in the setting / best condition for continuous vibration plate. Note: in the regulation of speed and amplitude adjustment potentiometer, the first edge of the potentiometer a small black body, (called "lock potentiometer settings" button), counter-clockwise to set the drawing state, before they can be carried out on the potentiometer setting and regulation. Adjust to normal, we should "lock potentiometer settings" button in a clockwise direction pulling the lock to ensure that it does not out technical errors, otherwise set the parameters of the drift due to the quality of products would be adversely influence, and in severe damage to the machine so that vibration plate. 5. Shutdown / or stop the vibration plate when the POWER dial directly to the power switch to the OFF position, cut off the power supply controller can be. 六. Fault Detection 1. No vibration, and the power switch POWER indicator light does not shine. Approach: Are there any power supply; DC fuse is blown. 2. No vibration, but the power switch POWER indicator light. 3. Approach: 1) Check the scale of the amplitude modulator is greater than 4. 2) Check the e-board, components, and whether there is loose wiring, broken. 3) Check the output control signal cable is open circuit. Other matters: Please refer to the narrative part of mechanical vibration plate machine 7. Notes 1. The controller is strictly prohibited without customs of electricity allocated among the various contact socket; 2. Potentiometer is prohibited under the late ...
汉译英 用一语双叙的手法翻译句子
【原文】1.青岛是一个美好的玩的开心的地方 【翻译】Qingdao is a wonderful fun place 【原文】2.我迫不及待地打开礼物 【翻译】I am unable to hold myself back to open the present【原文】3.我计划去那美丽的地方 【翻译】I plan to go to that beautiful place 【原文】4.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业 【翻译】 I have just finished my homework 【原文】5.步行到学校大约要花费二十五分钟的时间【翻译】It take me about twenty-five minutes for walking to school【原文】6.你妹妹什么时候到学校 【翻译】when is your younger sister to school 【原文】7.他常常怎样去学校 【翻译】How does he used to go to school【原文】8.他常常做公共汽车上学但有时走路去 【翻译】he often come to school by bus but sometimes walk to 【原文】9.昨天我骑自行车上学 【翻译】 I go to school by bike yesterday【原文】10.吃完早饭后他们通常坐地铁上学【翻译】They usually go to school by subway after breakfast
如何做好中译英翻译题
一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型中文必须仔细读,一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组,也就是我们常说的key words。
尤其是最后两句翻译句子,它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。
读什么?读出句子结构:对于简单句,辨别出主谓宾,分清定语、同位语和状语;对于并列句,记住两个语法意义上独立的分句,须由连词连接起来;对于复合句,须区分定语从句,名词性从句以及状语从句。
一般来说,中译英的句型可分为三大类:1.简单句;2.并列句;3.复合句;同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。
回顾近几年的高考试题时,也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。
如:It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。
二、明确考核要点、选择词语搭配在高考翻译题中,我们也不难发现,每一句常含有二、三个词语搭配,翻译时稍不注意就会失分。
因此,在做每一道中译英题时,首先要确定句中几组(个)动词或动词词组,然后选定恰当的词语以及相应的搭配,尤其要注意括号内所给词语的准确运用。
三、确定时态和语态、注意前后呼应时态语态一直是英语考试中考查的重点。
在高考英语翻译中,每句一般都含有二三个动词或动词词组,因此,正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文,考生要能够做到根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态,即主句的动词时态,而其他动词必须与之呼应。
四、了解文化差异、避免中式英语作为中学生,在学习英语时,特别应该注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处,克服母语造成的潜在障碍,在做中译英题时,切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换,尤其是对成语、俗语的翻译,否则就贻笑大方了。
五、检查在整个句子翻译好之后,检查很重要。
因为英语对我们中国的学生来说毕竟是门外语,在做翻译练习时,学生的注意力比较多的都集中在中文的句子里,十几年的母语习惯经常会在不经意间干扰我们进行正确的翻译。
所以要想保证翻译的句子得满分,检查这一环节必不可少。
汉译英在线翻译句子。
汉译英:abstractThe rapid development of industrial production, while promoting the progress of social productivity, also inevitably brings pollution to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the people's demands for the quality of the environment are getting higher and higher. The EPA and the European Union have promulgated the new air quality standards one after another. Our country has already issued more stringent environmental protection standards, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of the dust removal equipment. The bag filter is a new dedusting equipment with high dust removal efficiency and strong adaptability to dust. But the domestic research on bag type dust collector is not very thorough, some more advanced technologies are mainly dependent on import.Based on the filtering mechanism, the working principle of bag filter is discussed in this paper. On the basis of summarizing the design methods of various types of bag type dust remover, a more scientific and general design process is summed up. A large amount of data collected and arranged in this paper can provide some reference for the selection of the main parts of the dust collector.Key words: bag type dust collector, selection of design parameters and design method.
汉译英 用一语双叙的手法翻译句子
一、增译法 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如: ①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语) ②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) ③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。
(增译名词) ④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) ⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) ⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语) ⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语) 二、省译法 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
又如: ①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。
(省译物主代词) ②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在这儿过得愉快。
(省译物主代词) ③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 三、转换法 指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。
在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。
在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
如: ①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词) ②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
(名词转动词) ③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) ④、I'm all for you opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。
(介词转动词) ⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。
(动词转名词) ⑥、In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment. 作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。
(形容词转名词) ⑦、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance. 在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。
(被动语态转主动语态) ⑧、时间不早了,我们回去吧! We don't have much time left. Let's go back. (句型转换) ⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词) 四、拆句法和合并法 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成...
汉译英,翻译句子:我一定会成功,来使你们惊讶.大概就是这个意思...
英语翻译技巧:一、增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如:①、What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)③、Indeed, the reverse is true.实际情况恰好相反。
(增译名词)④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) ⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语) ⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)二、省译法这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
又如: ①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。
(省译物主代词) ②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。
(省译物主代词) ③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)三、转换法指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。
在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。
在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
如: ①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词) ②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
(名词转动词) ③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) ④、I'm all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。
(介词转动词) ⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。
(动词转名词) ⑥、In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。
(形容词转名词) ⑦、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。
(被动语态转主动语态) ⑧、时间不早了,我们回去吧!We don't have much time left. Let's go back. (句型转换) ⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词) 四、拆句法和合并法这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合...
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