范文一:初中英语重点语法大全
初中英语语法讲解
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如, Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式:一是加’s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可。例如,boys
’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car。
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
初中英语语法讲解
初中英语语法--形容词讲解及练习
1. 有些表语形容词前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副词,如用much afraid,fast asleep。
2. alive也可用定语形容词,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。
3. 名词化的形容词用于指人时,应看作是复数,用于指物时,表示整体抽象概念,应看作是单数,谓语动词用单三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。
4. 名词化的形容词连在一起使用时可省略冠词:Old and young should hepl each other。
5. 当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时,其顺序如下:限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词)→数词(序数词,基数词)→表性质、状态的描绘形容词(短语在前,长语在后)→表特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、温度)→表颜色的形容词→表属性的形容词(包括国籍等专有名词)→表材料、质地的形容词→名词性定语(包括名词、动名词)+ 名词:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses
6. good的反义词是bad,而well的反义词是ill。
7. elder和eldest是用来表示家族关系的长幼顺序,只作定语形容词。而older和oldest是用来表示年龄的比较,以及事物的新旧,既可作定语形容词,也可作表语形容词。
8. later和latest指时间的先后,但latter和last指顺序的先后。
9. farther和farthest主要反映“距离”或“时间”的比较,表示“较远的”“最远的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“进一步的”和“最大限度的”。
10. A 两者比较,表示一方高于另一方:比较级+than
B 两者比较,表示同样的程度:as + 原级 +as
C 两者比较,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原级+as
D 两者比较,表示一方程度浅一些:less + 原级 + than
E 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最?:the + 最高级 + 比较范围
11. 某人或某物在与同类相比时,这个“某人或物”应排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。
12. 比较级前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等词表示程度或差别。
13. 同一人或物,比较其两种性质或状态,不管形容词是单音节或多音节,一律用more?than:He is more wise than diligent。
14. 特殊用法:
比较级+and+比较级
(越来越?)
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
She is making greater and greater progress.
the +比较级,the+比较级
(越?,越?)
The richer a country is, the better the people’s life will be.
国家越富,人民的生活就越好。
all the+比较级
(格外?,越发?)
The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence.
老师因他的勤奋而感到格外高兴。
none the+比较级
(毫不,一点也不)
She looks none the better for her holiday.
她度假后看上去身体一点也没有好转。
no more than=only(仅仅)
not more than=at most
(最多,不多于)
His grandpa’s whole school education added up to no more than two years.
他的祖父所受的全部教育加起来不过才两年。
There are not more than thirty people in the hall.大厅里最多30人。
no more?than(和?一样不?)
not more?than(不像?那样)
This book is no more attractive than that one.这本书和那本书一样不吸引人。
This book is not more attractive than that one.这本书不像那本书那样吸引人。
no less than=as much as(多达)
not less than=at least(至少)
She has no less than eight watches.她有8块手表之多。
She has not less than eight watches.她至少有8块手表。
no less?than=as?as(和?一样)
He is no less clever than you.他和你一样聪明。
不用比较级形容的比较:senior比?大,junior比?小,superior比?好,inferior比?差 She is three years senior to her brother.她比弟弟大3岁。
I an inferior to him in mathematics.我的数学不如他。
15. already,yet,still
already一般用于肯定名,也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示某事已发生;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中位于句末,意为“还,已经”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句,意为“仍然,还”。
I have already read the book./ We haven’t made speeches yet./ Is my skirt dry yet?/ I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.
16. too,also,as well,either
前三者意思相近,一般不用于否定句中,否定句中用either。Too常位于名末,也紧接在主语后面;also一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前;as well一般位于句末;either也一般位于句末。
They grow cotton, too./ He his also interested in computers./ He is a teacher, and a poet as well./ You didn’t go and she didn’t go, either.
17. faily,rather,quite
A三者都可以修饰形容词和副词,都有“相当”的意思,但failry词义最弱,quite稍强,rather最强。Fairly一般表示肯定、褒义,rather有时表示否定、贬义。It is fairly cool today. It is rather cold today.
B quite和rather可以修饰动词,而fairly不能。
I don’t quite understand what you said./ I rather like the song.
18. so,neither,nor
so可用在“so+助动词+主语”的倒装结构中,表示“也”,位置在助动词前,so的这种用法只能在肯定句里名胜;在否定句中用neither或nor,结构相同,表示“也不”。
He has seen the film. So have I .
Jim doesn’t like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.
19. ago, before
A “时间段+ago”表示从现在往前推算的“一段时间以前”,而“时间段+before”表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。因此,前者常与一般过去时连用,后者常与过去完成时连用。He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week before
B before可表示不确定的过去,而ago则不能: Have you been there before?
20. very, much, very much
very可修饰形容词及副词,不能直接修饰动词,修饰动词时,要用much或very much;much除了修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词或副词的比较级及过去分词;very much也可修饰过去分词:
The novel is very good./ This novel is much better than that one. / Her Japanese is improved very much.
21. 像afraid, alive, awake, asleep, alone以“a”开头的形容词,一般不能用very修饰。
22. deep与deeply都可作副词,但意义不同:deep指的是深浅的“深”,如:dig deep。Deeply的意思是“涂地、深刻地、深厚地”,有引申含义。如:We are deeply moved by his deeds.
23. high与highly都可作副词,但意义不同。High指的是高低的“高”,如:jump high;highly的意思是“高度地,高贵地”,有引申含义。如:She is highly praised.
24. not是副词,不能直接修饰名词,no是形容词,能位于名词前作定语,有时no=not any。如: I have no brothers=I have no any brothers
25. 某人或某物在与同类比较时,某人或某物应排除在被比者之外:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.
26. 用最高级时,主语本身应包括在最高级所指的范围之中。He is the oldest of all the classmates.
语法(词法Ⅰ)
一.考点透视
知识与能力要求
重难点问题归纳
中考热点分析预测
应试策略
二.知识讲解
名词
代词
冠词
数词
形容词、副词
介词
三.典型例题
四.强化训练及答案
一.考点透视
【知识与能力要求】
1.掌握所学单词的形态变化。
2.掌握简单句的五种基本句型,四笔头练习基本正确。
3.能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句。
4.掌握动词的五种基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的基本用法。
5.能理解并初步掌握过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的基本用法。
6.掌握一般现在时(包括含有情态动词的一般现在时)、一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法。
7.掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要求理解)。
【重难点问题归纳】
语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化和简单句的五种基本句型是语法学习的基础之基础。五种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。五种基本时态中的一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法及其区别是学习的难点。状语从句中的时态问题,宾语从句中的主语和谓语的语序问题是学生感到头痛的问题。被动语态是中国学生最不喜欢学习和使用的一种语态。因此,学生在学习时,时常感觉到很困难。动词不定式是初中英语语法中的一个重点。不定式在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等用法均要求掌握,特别是一些动词,有些后面要求跟不定式作宾语,有些则要求跟动词一ing形式作宾语。
总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。
【中考热点分析预测】
语法部分历年来是中考的必考内容。考试的范围广,涉及单词词形变化、基本句子结构、五种基本时态搬动语态、不定式用法以及状语从句、宾语从句,等等。近年来,在教学改革方面加大了对听说教学的力度,初中段以培养学生的交际能力为主,为高中段的英语学习打好基础,对语法知识的要求作了调整,降低了难度,但考查的范围并没有减小。单纯考语法知识的题比以前明显减少。试题往往设置一个情景,在对话中考查时态及基本句型。当然,有些语法项目设置在单句中,如:不定式、被动语态以及词语搭配。
语言学习是一个积累的过程,不记住相当数量的词语、习惯用语。句型和语法规则,是学不好英语的。因此,对词形变换、句型结构、状语从句中的时态以及常用的五种基本时态的考查仍将是中考命题的热点。
【应试策略】
动词及其时态是英语学习最重要的部分,也是学习的难点。被动语态也是学习的难点。宾语从句和状语从句是复合句中最重要、最常用的结构,是初中毕业生必须掌握的从句。注意现在时、过去时和将来时及现在完成时的基本用法以及句中的副词(包括时间副词)的用法,尤其要注意过去时与现在完成时的区别。宾语从句要注意从句结构的语序(连接词+从句的主语+从句的谓语+??)问题和时态问题(主句是过去时,从句必须用过去时的某种形式);状语从句要注意在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时态。动词、时态与语态与从句一定要在大量课文和对话的句子中反复操练,才能真正学会。只要你在复习和应试中注意以上几点,考试就一定能取得好成绩。
二.知识讲解
【名词】
1.名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个??”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
2.名词的复数
(1)规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。
如:bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushes
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。
如:city---cities,country---countries
D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。
(2)不规则变化
A.元音发生变化。
如:man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---mice
B.词尾发生变化。
如:child---children
C.单、复数同形。
如:fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep
3.物质名词(不可数名词)量的表示方法
(1)用much,a little,a lot of等表示
(2)用容器表示
a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper
4.名词的所有格
(1) 名词所有格的构成法
A.单数名词词尾加’ s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’ s。
the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。如:
This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.
These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。如:
the students’ books,the girls’ blouses
(2)名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:
the legs of the desk,the door of the room
但在表示名词所有格时,’ s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格.如:
ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper
【代词】
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词
类别
主格
宾格
形容词性 物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数
I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1.人称代词
人称代词it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it并不译为“它”。
当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时,其先后顺序为you,he,I。而复数一般采用we,you,they顺序。
2.物主代词
物主代词的用法:
形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。
名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
3.反身代词
1)反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词:性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
2)反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。
如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.
3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等,在运用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较:
“Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”与I can’t leave the girl by herself. 指示代词
指示代词的特殊用法:
(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。
(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
不定代词
主要不定代词的用法:
(1)one的用法
A. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。
B. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。
C. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。
D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。
it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西。
(2)some和any的用法区别
A. some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。
B. some,any与—thing,—body,—one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。
C.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。
D. some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定。
E.some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某个”而不是“一些”。
(3)other,another的用法
数
种类
单数
复数
泛指
another=an other
other (boys)
others
特指
the other
the other (boys)
the others
功能
作主语、宾语、定语
作定语
作主语、宾语
A. another=another
I want to have another two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕。
B.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用。常见形式是“one...the other...”。
C. other+复数名词=others
D. the other+复数名词=the others
(4) a11、both的用法
both表示“两者都??”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都??”。
a11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前。
(5) each和every的用法
A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。
B. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。
(6)either,neither,both的用法
either:指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。
neither:指两者都不,全否定。作主语谓语用单数。
both:指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。
(7)many和much
many只能和复数可数名词连用。
much只能和不可数名词连用。
注意:
a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/many
a large/great number of=many
a great/good deal of=much
(8)few,a few,little,a little
few,little表示否定含义,“很少”“几乎没有”;a few,a little表示肯定含义,有一些”。few,a few用在可数名词前,little,a little用在不可数名词前。
【冠词】
1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.
2.定冠词的基本用法
A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。
3.定冠词的特殊用法
A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F.用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。
4.名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。 (sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边
go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
【数词】
1.数字的表示
三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。
2.序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。
3.分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。
4.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of??用法。
【形容词,副词】
形容词
1.形容词的位置
(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。
(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如: We have dug a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
2.形容词的比较等级
(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:
popular———more popular———most popular
important—more important—most important
(2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
well
bad worse worst
ill
old older oldest
elder eldest
many more most
much
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
3. 形容词比较级的用法
形容词比较级通常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:
它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:
(1)as+原级+as
(2)比较级+than
(3)the+最高级+of (in)...
需注意的原级的用法:
(1)否定结构有A..。not as+形容词原级+as B及A...not so +形容词原级+as B两种结构。
(2)表示倍数有...times as+形容词原级+as的句型。如:
This garden is ten times as large as that one.
This room is twice as large as that one.
(3)half as+形容词原级+as表示“??的一半”。
如:This book is half as thick as that one.
需注意的比较级的用法:
(1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成me。
(2)比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little来修饰。
(3)表示倍数时,试比较
Our room is twice as large as theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大。
Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。
(4) I’ m two years older than you. 我比你大两岁。
(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越??”。
如: He becomes fatter and fatter.
(6)
需注意的最高级的用法:
(1)常见结构有:“of+复数意义的词”表示“在??之中的”,“在??中”;“in+范围、场所”
表示“在??之中”。如:
He is the tallest“all the boys”.
China is the greatest in the world.
副词
1.副词比较级的构成
(1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
(2) 绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。
(3) 少数副词的不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
farthest furthest
late later latest
(4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。
(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)?
其余变化和形容词类似。
2.常见副词用法
(1) too, either
Too 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句时用either。
(2) ago,before
ago 以现在为起点,和动词的过去时连用。before以过去某个时间为起点,常和过去完成时连用。当before前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时,泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前听说过那个人。
初中英语语法讲解【介词】
一些容易混淆的介词
1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别
at主要表示:
(1)在某具体时刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。
(2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。 On用来表示“在??天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。
in用来表示:
(1)在某年、某月、某季节。
(2)在—段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。
注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。
2. 表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别
(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。
(2) at 所指范围不太明确,in指“在??里”。
(3) in指在内部,on指“在??之上”。
3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别
for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点。
4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别
before与by都可表示“在??之前”,但by含有“不迟于??”、“到??为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。
5.over与above(under与below)
over,above都表示“在??的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过??”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如:
There is a bridge over the river
Our plane flew above the clouds.
6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法
with多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言。如:
We see with our eyes.
We go there by bike.
Please say it out in English.
He cut it open with a knife.
介词的省略
表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略
(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.
(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last
常见搭配
1.动词+介词,如:
listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...
2.形容词+介词,如:
afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...
3.名词+介词 / 介词+名词
key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example... 初中英语语法讲解三.典型例题
【名词】
[例1](1)—How far is your school from here?
—Not very far. It's about twenty ______ walk.
A. minute's B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute
(2)It is about ______ from the school to my home.
A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes’ walk
C. ten minutes’ s walk D. ten minute’s walk
分析 上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词,选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系,因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后,若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s,则只加“’’。如:an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而(1)、(2)小题答案均为B。
[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?
A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheeps D. some sheep
分析 此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形;any一般用在疑问句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。
答案为A
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11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every?, sometimes, at?, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth
It is time that sb. did sth.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对??已感到习惯,或
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,?ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that?结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that?结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
注意: had hardly? when 还没等?? 就??。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner?than 刚?? 就??。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
范文二:初中英语重点语法总结
, what kind of加可数名词单数或不可数名词,what kinds of后加名词复数。 , 以前就喜欢用like doing当表示想要,欲做某事用like to do , hear of,只能用于一般疑问句和否定句=hear about(heard),Hear后面加sth/sb =hear from sb.收到...的
来信
, too much+不可数名词 much too太...+adj too many+可复
, all kinds of+可复
, 感叹句注意断句,名词用what,副词形容词用how
, Not only后倒装but also后陈述
, Make sb do sth变make sb to do sth(被动语态中)
, 位于,平躺lie--lay--lain 说谎lie--lied--lied 放置,下蛋lay--laid--laid , On表示在农场,路边或左(右)边
, Except for表示对整体肯定,对细节修正
, By+单数
, Use out of用光(人)=use out(物)
, Find oneself发现自己在某个地方或处于某种状态
, Prevent/stop sb from doing sth(from可省)keep sb from doing sth(from不可省) , The+n一类人 谓语动词用复数
, Across平面穿过 through空间穿过
, Women/men teachers boy/girl students , experience经历(可数)经验(不可数)
, While+延续性动词 when+短暂性动词
, 数词+more+可复=another+数词
, The first/last sb to do sth
, Open(v,adj)close(v)closed(adj)
, When+过去式句子=by the time(用过去完成时)
, 虚拟语气无论主语是什么都用were
, 当要表达和说明人或物的状态时,感官动词后面就用形容词,当要修饰动词时,感官动词后用副词 , cheer欢呼 study不可数名词 plant-planted-planted weigh(v)weight(n) , Keep on doing sth表示动作的反复 keep doing sth表动作的连续
, feed on以...为食;feed sb/sth on/with sth用...喂....;feed to+对象,喂入
, Neither...nor...就近原则
, On the one hand;on the other hand
, No longer=not any longer修饰延续性动词;no more=not any more修饰非延续性动词 , One .....the other......(两个中)一个.....另一个。。前面提到具体数词,
Some.....others....一些.....另一些...后面再说剩下的,
Any other+单数名词 其他任何一个,一般用the other+复述名词或the others
Another+可数名词单数
, 感官动词+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了.(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
典型例题
1)They knew her very well.They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
答案:A.他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程, 而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型.
2)The boy was seen ___ near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
答案:A.本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb.doing sth句型.
,
范文三:初中英语重点短语_语法_句型复习大全
初中英语常用词组{精选必备}
(一)由be构成的词组
1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格2)be at home/work 在家/上班 要求 3)be good at 善于,擅长于 17)be from / come from 4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired饿了/ 渴了/累了 5)be covered with 被??复盖 19)be worried / worry 担忧 6)be ready for 为??作好准备 20)be (well) worth doing(非常)值得做?? 7)be surprised (at) 对?感到惊讶 21)be covered with 被?所覆盖?? 8)be interested in 对?感兴趣 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 9)be born 出生 23)be in trouble 处于困境中 10)be on 在进行,在上演(灯)亮着 24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做?? What’s on ? What’s up ? 25)be late for ??迟到 11)be able to do sth. 能够做?? 26)be made of (from) 由??制成 12)be afraid of (to do sth./ that?) 27)be satisfied with对?感到满意 害怕??(不敢做??,恐怕??) 28)be free 空闲的,有空 13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床 14)be pleased (with) 对?感到高兴 30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做??15)be famous for 以??而著名
(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组 1)come back 回来 21)get back 返回 2)come down 下来 22)get rid of 除掉,去除 3)come in 进入,进来 23)get in 进入,收集 4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来 24)get on/off 上/下车 5)come out出来 25)get to 到达 6)come out of 从??出来 26)get there 到达那里 7)come up 上来 27)give sb. a call 给??打电话 8)come from 来自?? 28)give a talk 作报告 9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座业 (举行钢琴音乐会) 10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/30)give back 归还,送回 朗读 31)give?some advice on 给?一些忠告 11)do one's best 尽力 32)give lessons to 给??上课 12)do some shopping (cooking reading, 33)give in 屈服 cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除) 34)give up 放弃 13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做35)give sb. a chance 给?一次机会 好事) 36)give a message to 给?一个口信 14)do morning exercises 做早操 37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 38)go to the cinema 看电影 16)do well in 在??某方面干得好 39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) 17)get up 起身 40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学) 18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好 41)go to (the) hospital去医院看病 19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为??作42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝??好准备 走去 20)get on (well) with与??相处(融洽) 43)go~fishing/skating/swimming/shopping
去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on (doing) 继续(做??)
49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作 50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了
52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会
53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)
58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于??的报告
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64)have (have got) a headache头痛 65)have a fever 发烧
66)have a cough (a cold)咳嗽(感冒) 67)have a look (at) 看一看??
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)
69)have a talk 谈话
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meeting 开运动会 73)have something done 让人做?? 74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 75)have an idea 有了个主意
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做??(最好不要做??)
77)have a word with 与?谈几句话
78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth.
在??方面帮助?? 帮助??做
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉
80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上??,不落后于?? 82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 83)keep sb.doing sth.使..一直做? 84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声) 86)make a living 谋生
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做?? 88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸
89)make friends (with)与?交朋友 90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误 91)make room/space for 给??腾出地方 92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用??造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由??制成 95)be made in 在??地方制造
96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面) 97)look up a word (in the dictionary)查字 98)look up 往上看,仰望
99)look after 照管,照看,照顾 100)look for 寻找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑
103)look out 当心,小心
104)look on ?as? 把?当作?看待 105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看着?? 107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)
108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖 109)put into 使进入,输入
110)put one's heart into全神贯注 111)put?down? 把??放下 112)put?into? 把??译成 113)set up 竖起,建起 114)set off 出发,动身 115)set out 出发
116)set an example for 为?树立榜样 117)send for 派人去请(叫) 118)send out 放出,发出
119)end up 把??往上送,发射
120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 121)take out 拿出,取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 发生
124)take one's place 坐??的座位,代替某人职务
125)take the place of 代替?? 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 别紧张
128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管
131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试 133)take away 拿走
134)take back 收回,带回 135)take hold of 抓住??
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉 (三)由其他动词构成的词组153)think over 仔细考虑
154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 155)eat up 吃完,吃光
156)do well in 在??干得好
157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等) 159)finish off 吃完,喝完
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动)
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服药
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等) 142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等) 143)turn in 交出,上交 144)turn?into? 变成 145)turn to 翻到,转向
146)turn down (把音量)调低 147)turn?over 把??翻过来
148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球 149)play games 做游戏
150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 对??开玩笑
162)hold a meting 举行会议 163)hold up 举起
164)hurry up 赶快,快点 165)enter for 报名参加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 习惯于 168)used to 过去常常 169)wake?up 唤醒 170)work out 算出
二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组
1)ask for 向??要??,请求 12)catch up with 赶上 2)ask for leave 请假 13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见 3)send for 派人去请(叫) 14)filled??with 把??装满 4)pay for 付??的款 15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 5)wait for 等候 16)talk about 谈论?? 6)thank for 为??感谢 17)think about 考虑?? 7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道18)worry about 担忧?? 歉 19)look after 照料 8)look for 寻找 20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑 9)leave?for 离开??去?? 21)read after 跟??读 10)fall off 跌落 22)smile at 对??微笑 11)catch cold 着凉,伤风 23)knock at 敲(门、窗)
24)shout at 对??大喊(嚷) 25)throw away 扔掉
26)work hard at 努力做?? 67)in a hurry 匆忙
68)in the middle of 在??中间
69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 27)wait in line 排队等候 28)change?into? 变成 29)hurry into? 匆忙进入 30)run into? 跑进 31)hear of 听说
32)think of 认为,考虑 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替?? 35)hand in 交上来
36)stay in bed 卧病在床 37)hear from 收到??来信 38)at once 立刻 39)at last 最后
40)at first 起先,首先
41)at the age of? 在??岁时
42)at the end of? 在??之末
43)at the beginning of? 在??之初 44)at the foot of? 在??脚下 45)at the same time 同时 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午
47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
48)with the help of ? 在??的帮助下 49)with a smile 面带笑容
50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 51)after a while 过了一会儿 52)from now on 从现在起 53)from then on 从那时起 54)far example 例如 55)far away from 远离
56)from morning till night 从早到晚 57)by and by 不久
58)by air mail 寄航空邮件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 顺便说 61)by the window 在窗边
62)by the end of? 到??底为止 63)little by little 逐渐地 64)in all 总共 65)in fact 事实上
66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时
70)in time (on time) 及时 71)in public 公众,公开地 72)in order to 为了?? 73)in front of 在??前面 74)in the sun 在阳光下 75)in the end 最后,终于 76)in surprise 惊奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 当然
79)a bit (of) 有一点儿 80)a lot of 许多
81)on one's way to 某人在去??的路上 82)on foot 步行,走路
83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告
84)on the other hand 另一方面 88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 85)at/on the weekend 在周末 89)to one's joy 使??高兴的是 86)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 90)to one's surprise 使??惊讶的是 87)on the other side of 在??另一边 三、量词词组和其他词组 (一)量词词组 21)a great many 大量,许多(可数名词) 1)a bit 一点儿 22)a different type of 一种不同型号的 2)a few (of) 一些(可数),几个?? 23)a group of 一队,一组,一群 3)a little 一些(不可数) (二)其他词组 4)a lot of (lots of) 许多 1)all kinds of 各种各样的 5)a piece of 一张(一片,块) 2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全6)a cup of 一茶怀 国 7)a glass of 一玻璃杯 3)all over 遍及每一部分,浑身 8)a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆4)all one's life 一生 堆的)?? 5)one after another 顺次 9)a box of 一盒 6)the Children's Palace 少年宫 10)a copy of 一份,一本 7)day after day 日复一日 11)a bowl of 一碗 8)up and down 上上下下 12)a basket of 一篮 9)the day after tomorrow 后天 13)a plate of 一盘 10)the day before yesterday 前天 14)a bottle of 一瓶 11)the last/past two years (or so) 最近两15)a basin of 一脸盆 年(左右) 16)a set of 一套 12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/17)a kind of 一种 全世界 18)a type of 一种类型的 13)a moment ago 刚才 19)a great deal of 非常多,大量的(不可数名14)just now/then 刚才/那时 词) 15)half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程 20)a large (great) number of 非常多,大量16)late on 过后,后来 的(可数名词)
初中英语重点短语 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同??一道,伴随?? eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ??求助 向?要?(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在??岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of ?? ??的起初;??的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够?? eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕?? eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as?原级?as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从??离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于?? 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from?? 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以??著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满??的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于??
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像?? eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由??制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由??制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕?? 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as ? 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start?with?=begin?with? 以什么开始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between?and? 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向??借?? lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给??什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到??为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着??跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在??方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意??
99 each +名(单)每一个?eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从??逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from?to? 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做?eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了) Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get?from? 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to ?( 地方)??去过某过地方 have gone to ?(地方) 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have?time +doing
138 have?(时间)?off 放??假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of? 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ) 151 in the sun 在太阳下 152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对?? 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样? 167 keep out 不让 ?? 进入
168 keep sb adj 让??保持?? eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to? anser to ? key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at? 取笑?? eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由??组成 190 make?difference to?
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意??做什么 192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词) 198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不?? eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 201 not? (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not?at all 一点都不
203 not?either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 204 not?until 直到??才??
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb) 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water 207 on one's way to? 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for? 付??钱 pay the bill 开钱 ,付钱 217 please +do
218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对??更喜欢??
eg : I prefer physics to chemistry 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做?不愿意去做?
eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做?也不愿
eg: My uncle prefers to buy a now car rather than repair the used one
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意? eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather?than 宁可??也不??
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫
225 regard?as 把??当作??
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人
229 say to oneself 对自己说
230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物
238 send?to?把什么寄到哪里去?
239 shock 使??震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some?others? 一些??另一些??
244 start?with? 从??开始 begin?with? 从??开始
245 stay away from 远离??
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥,你最好远离甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 这样 ,这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇
253 take classes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于??
257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
263 tell?from?
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as??
266 the same?(名)?as as?(adj adv)?as 相同
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to?(地点) 到哪的269 too?to? 太怎样而不能??adj +enough to 足够?能? so?that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school
270 transalte ??into?? 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well
273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了
eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已经做过了 274 try?试衣服 have a try 试一下
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开
277 upside down 倒着
278 visit to? 参观某个地方
279 wait for sb 等某人
初中英语重要句型 初中英语写作中常见的六十二种句型
句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/时间状语
句型2:What's wrong with+sb./sth.?
句型3:How do you like...?
句型4:What do you like about...?
句型5:had better(not)+动词原形
句型6:How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
What a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!
How cold it is today !今天多冷啊!
What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅图画呀!
句型7:Thank+sb.+for(doing)sth.
句型8:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语
He is a student.So am I.他是一个学生,我也是。
句型9:...not...until...
句型10:比较级+and+比较级
句型11:the +比较级,the +比较级
句型12:...as+adj./adv.+as...
..not as(so)+adj./adv.+as..
句型13:more/less+adj.+than...
句型14:stop...from doing sth.
句型15:both...and...
句型16:either...or...
句型17:neither...nor...
句型18:...as soon as...
句型19:...so+adj./adv.+that...
句型 21:be going to
句型 22:be different from
句型 23:Welcome(back)to...
句型 24:have fun doing
句型 25:...because.../...,so...
句型 26:Why don't you...?/Why not...?
句型 27:make it
Let's make it half past nine.让我们定在九点半吧!
句型 28:have nothing to do
They have nothing to do every day.他们每天无所事事。
句型 29:be sure/be sure of/about sth./be sure to do sb.
I think so,but I'm not sure.我想是这样,但不敢确定。
I was not sure of/about the way,so I asked someone.我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了。
It's sure to rain.必定会下雨。
句型 30:between...and...
句型 31:keep sb./sth.+adj./V-ing/介词补语/adv.
You must keep your classroom clean.你们必须保持教室干净。
Sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,让你久等。
Can you keep him in the room ?你能让他在这个房里吗?
Keep them here.让他们在这儿呆着。
句型 32:find +宾语+宾补
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。
句型 33:...not...anymore/longer
句型 34:What's the weather like...?
句型 35:There is no time to do/have no time to do
There was no time to think.没有时间思考。
I have no time to go home for lunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭。
句型 36:Help oneself to...
句型 37:used to do
I used to read this kind of story books.我过去常读这种故事书。
句型 38:borrow ...from
I borrowed a book from him.我从他那借了一本书。
句型 39:lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.
He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.他借了本故事书给我。
句型 40:have been to
句型41:have gone to
句型42:be famous for
句型43:No matter +疑问句+主句
No matter when you come,you are welcomed.无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。
句型44:be afraid(of/to do/that...)
I'm afraid not.恐怕不能。
句型45:...as...as possible/...as...as sb.can
I hope to see him as soon as possible.我希望能尽快见到他。
He ran here as fast as he could.他尽最大努力跑到这儿。
句型46:practise/enjoy/finish doing
句型47:It's said that...
It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。
句型48:Not all/everyone...
Not all sharks are alike.并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。
Not everyone likes dumplings.并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。
句型49:be based on
His argument is based on facts.他的论断是以事实为根据的。
句型50:...so that...
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.把树放入洞穴中,让它立直。
句型51:be+num.+metres/kilometres/years...+long/wide/deep/high/old... The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long.绿色长城长7000公里。
The river is about 2 metres deep.这条河大约有2米深。
The boy is about 12 years old .这个男孩约12岁。
句型52:keep...from doing
The heavy rain kept us from starting out.大雨阻止了我们出发。
句型53:with one's help...
句型54:I don't think...
I don't think any of them is interesting.我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。
句型55:What's the population of...?
句型56:prefer to do...rather than do
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.他们更喜欢买一辆新车,而不愿去修理它。
句型57:be worth(doing)...
This book is worth reading.这本书值得读。
句型58:regard ...as
They regarded their pets as members of their families.他们把宠物视为家庭成员。
句型59:be confident of
I'm confident of success.我确信会成功。
句型60:seem to do/seem +adj./(介词短语)
He seems to be angry.他似乎生气了。
The house seems too noisy.这房子似乎太吵了。
句型61:be angry with /about /at(doing)
句型62:pay for/pay ...for
初中英语写作中常见的十二种句型
句型(一)
such+名词性词组+that?
So+形容词/副词+that?——如此??以致??
例如:(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
(2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气,
他们没有像往常一样去散步。
注意点:
1.such+a+形容词+名词+that?,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that?,例句(1)可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that?结构中,形容词如果是many/few或
much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that?,so+much/little+不可数名词+that?
(1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。
(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。 句型(二)
There be?,either?or?,neither?nor?,not only?but also?
注意点:
当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both?and? 来记忆,both?and?连接主语时视为复数。
句型(三)
Enough+名词+to do?——有足够的??做某事
形容词/副词+enough+to do ?——足够??做某事
例如:(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
(2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。 注意点:
enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so?that?句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。
句型(四)
too+形容词/副词+to do?——太??以致不能??
例如:(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
(2)Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
注意点:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so?that?结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.
句型(五)
So that ?——以便/以致??
例如:(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试。
(2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
注意点:
在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句(2)中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语。
句型(六)
祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句
注意点:
以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成:If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late for school.
句型(七)
(1)It’s time for sth.是干某事的时间了。
It’s time (for sb) to do sth.该干某事了。
It’s time that sb did sth.该干某事了。
在句型(3)中,可以在time前加rush、 high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。
句型(八)
(1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间
(2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事
(3)spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事
(4)sth. cost sb. Some money——某事花某人一些钱
(5)pay some money for sth.为某事(物)付钱
注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it 用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
句型(九)
(1)Why not do??为什么不干某事?
(2)Let’s do ?让我们干某事吧。
(3)Shall we do ??我们干某事好吗?
(4)Would you like something/to do sth.??你想要什么吗?你想要干?吗?
(5)Will you please do ??请你干某事好吗?
(6)What (How) about doing??干某事怎么样?
注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。
句型(十)
一、 (1)Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?让我们出去散步,好吗?
(2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书,好吗?
例如:Let us go out for a walk,will you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?
句型(十一)So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也??
Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也不??
句型(十二)I don’t think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。
范文四:初中英语重点语法讲解及词组归纳
动名词
① 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰;
它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语
或状语等)构成动名词短语。
② 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如:Learning English all
by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning
English all by yourself.)
③ 动名词可以作宾语。
[A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如:Your car needs reparing badly.(你
的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)
[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如:I forgot
to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter
to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来
向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向
后看了)
[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如:Do you mind my closing
the door?(把门关上你介意吗?)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/
They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around
the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)
[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如:
We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学
英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小
学时就开始学英语了)
④ 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如:My job is putting these parts
together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正.
在把这些部件拼起来) .
⑤ 动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进
行着的动作。如:Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语)
/ Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and
got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分
词,作宾补)
分词: 包含现在分词和过去分词
① 主要区别:现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思;过去分词有被动或动 作
已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
② 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A] 作定语:分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰
的名词之后。 如:I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after
the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊:捉小偷!)
/ Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/
He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏
玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In
the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的
东西在我的脚上移动)
[C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如:She came into the classroom,holding a pile
of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days
getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要
表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有:be worried (焦虑) /
be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) /
get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)
等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如:I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给
我理了发)(注意:have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成
时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
不定式
1
station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她
问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎
样上网吗?)
2、不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如:
I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易)
{词组}
1、prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
2、remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
3、consider doing sth 考虑做某事
4、notice sb doing sth 注意某人正在做某事
5、be always doing sth 总是做某事
6、spend time\money on sth\ in doing sth 花费时间、金钱做某事
7、prepare to do sth 准备做某事
高频词组
知识点1、高频考点词与词组讲解
1、avoid 回避 避开 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
例句:He avoided me as much as possible.
{中考链接} Kate avoided ____________ my questions.
A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answered
2、spend 花费 常用于spend time\money on sth 或spend time\money (in)doing sth
例句:He spent much time on his homework.
{中考链接}I_______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay
3、forget 忘记 常见的有forget to do sth,意为“忘记做某事”forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”
例句:Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.
{中考链接}He forgot ________ his mother up,
A.ring B.to bring C.bringing
4、depend on 随.....而定,依赖
例句:It depends on the weather.
{中考链接} Tom couldn’t work so he had to _________ his family
5、mind 介意 后接动名词、代词或动名词
例句:Would you mind opening the window?
{中考链接}I mind ________ because I don’t like singing.
A.sing B.to sing C.singing
拓展:当mind的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时候,句中的动名词前应加物主代词,人称代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑主语。
例句:I’m sure she wouldn’t mind your going with us.
6、likely 可能的,适合的,可作定语或表语,用作表语时,可接to的动词不定式或that从句。 例句:I’m likely to be free this afternoon.
{中考链接}It __________ to rain tomorrow.
A. is likely to B.was likely to C.will be likely to It is adj of/for sb to do sth 这个知识点较容易考
it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb含义及区别
It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.(kind 的是you)
It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.(beneficial的是do sports) 二.表达含义:
1.it is+adj+for sb. 就是“做…对某人(for sb)来说怎么样(adj)” 2.it is+adj+of sb. 就是“做…说某人(of sb)怎么样(adj)” 三.辨析:it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb.
①“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样” 一般用表示人物的性格,品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.若形容词是描述逻辑主语(行为者)的性格、品质特征的形容词. 这个adj.是用来形容sb.的.
of后的宾语能与前面的形容词构成主表关系. 这类形容词有: good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的), right(正直的)careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)bad,brave,cruel,honest,naughty,wise,rude等.用of sb.例如: It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好. It's very kind of you to look after my cat.你能照看我的猫,真好. It’s kind of you to say so.(=You are kind to say so)
It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)
她说这样的话,真粗鲁. It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了. It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.
②“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.这类形容词有:
important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的), right(正确的) likely(可能的)等.用for sb,例如:
It’s important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she should come to the party. 对她来说来参加聚会很重要.
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险. It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.
{词组}
1、need to do sth 需要做某事
2、suggest doing sth 建议做某事
3、stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
4、offer to do sth (主动)提出做某事
5、Be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事
Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
6、insist doing sth 坚持做某事
疑问词引导的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句
1.Do you know where I can buy some meatless sausages?
2.People are thinking about how they can eat more healthily.
3.Do you know how long a person can live without food?
4.I’m glad you enjoyed the meal.
5.Debbie was sure Simon would like to have a salad instead of meat.
划出宾语从句,总结特点
宾语从句:1、疑问词引导的宾语从句
英语中的连接代词有who,whom,whose,which和what.这些词在宾语从句中担当一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,连接代词在从句中担当的句子成分有主语,宾语,定语和表语.
I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Please tell me what you have done.
He asked whose jacket it was.
I don’t know whose that is.
英语中的连接副词有when,where,why和how.它们和上述连接代词一样,在从句中担当一定的句子
成分,具有一定的意义,连接副词在从句当中担当的句子成分主要为状语.
Do you know when they’ll be back?
I want to know where she lives?
2、形容词后的宾语从句
某些形容词后面可以带有宾语从句,常用于描述感受、感想和看法.如宾语从句用that引导,that可省略.
常带有宾语从句的形容词有:afraid,happy,sorry,proud,surprised,sure,certain等
I’m glad (that) you liked the present.
Peter is excited (that) he will go to Joan’s birthday party.
Tom was sad (that) his dog was lost.
{词组}
1、ought to do sth 应该做某事
2、warn sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
3、be likely to do sth 可能做某事
4、used to do sth 过去常常做某事
反意疑问句
【反意疑问句】
(一)概念:反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 (二)要点注意:
1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是:“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”。
2、简略问句如果是否定式:not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。
3、简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词。 4、陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句。
(三)用法:
1) 陈述部分I am时,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I? (我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)
2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。如: The old man made no answer, did he?
Jim is never late for school, is he?
3) 陈述部分有情态动词
have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
used to,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
had better(最好) + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
4) 陈述部分有would rather(宁可、宁愿) +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
5 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
6) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
7) think引导的宾语从句:
A.主语是第一人称
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句
He thought they were wrong, didn't he? (不能说weren't they?)
8) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you?
而Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won't you)?
9) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
10) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? It be 形容词 that 从句
It be+形容词+that从句
① that引导的是一个主语从句,为了避免句子看起来“头重脚轻”,从而能用it做形式主语。真正的
主语从句放在后面,其中that可以省略。
② 能够用“It be+形容词+that从句”这一句式的常用形容词有:
interesting,possible,strange,important,true,clear,sad,impossible,surprising
③ 我们可以用“It be+形容词+that从句”来表示对某件事的看法或寻求对某件事的评价。 It’s strange that Tony doesn’t watch TV tonight.
名词短语+动词不定式
1.A decision to become a scientist
2.A way to turn rubbish into energy
3.Invitations to talk about his ideas
{语法全解}
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为:to do,即 to+动词原形,此处的to为不定式符号。动词不定式在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语等多种成分。本单元,我们主要来学习不定式作定语的用法。动词不定式作定语时,常用来修饰名词或代词,放在修饰的名词或代词之后作后置定语。如本单元中的“名词短语+动词不定式”结构就属于此种情况。
1、不定式和它所修饰的词之间有动宾关系
Have you got anything to do this evening ?
I have some friends to invite
2、不定式说明它修饰的名词或代词的内容,相当于同位语
I have no chance to go abroad
I can’t find a way to work out this problem
3、被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
She is always the first to come to school
The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes
{注意}如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的时间、工具等,不定式后应有必要的介词。
We have a cold room to live in.
I have no chair to sit on.
{中考链接}
1、Whenever you have a chance _____ English,you should take it.
A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks
2、Water Park is a good place _________
A.to have fun B.have fun C.having fun D.to have a fun
疑问词+动词不定式
1、He did not know to answer the question
2、Then he decided what to do
这两个句子都含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中相当一个名词的作用,常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem
I hardly know what to say before you
The question is how to start the work
{注意}1、know、show后跟和疑问词连用的动词不定式
Could you show me how to operate the computer?
2、动词不定式不能做介词的宾语,此时必须用加疑问词的动词不定式
My teacher gave me lots of valuable advice on how to make friends
{中考链接}
We don’t know ________ it next,Let’s go and ask Mr Li
A.what to do B.to do what C.whether to do D.to do whether {词组}
1、know something by heart 记住
2、pay no attention to something 不注意
3、have trouble doing something 做某事有困难
4、make up one’s mind 做出决定
定语从句
【关系代词引导的定语从句】
(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book is yellow?
【总结】:
一、 关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:
1.This is the doctor who came from London.
2.The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
4. This is the room that/which Shakespeare was born in.
1.如果先行词是all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
例如:All that are present burst into tears.
2.如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that, 不用which。
例如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3.which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思与and this相似。
例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
4.先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词应该用that。
例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
5.“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等,关系代词常常只可用whom或which,不可用that。
例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
范文五:初中英语重点短语_语法_句型复习大全
初中英语常用词组
一、动词词组(包括短语动词) 、介词词组和其他词组
(一) 由be 构成的词组
1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 2)be at home/work 在家/上班 3)be good at 善于,擅长于
4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细 5)be covered with 被……复盖 6)be ready for 为……作好准备 7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 8)be interested in 对……感到有趣 9)be born 出生
10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着 11)be able to do sth. 能够做…… 12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……)
13)be angry with sb. 生(某人) 的气 14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名 于……)
16)be strict in (with) 严格要求…… 17)be from 来自……,什么地方的人 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be (well) worth doing (非常) 值得做……
21)be covered with 被……所覆盖…… 22)be in (great) need of (很) 需要 23)be in trouble 处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做…… 25)be late for ……迟到
26)be made of (from) 由……制成
27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意 28)be free 空闲的,有空
29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙
(二) 由come 、do 、get 、give 、go 、have 、help 、keep 、make 、looke 、put 、set 、send 、take 、turn 、play 等动词构成的词组
1)come back 回来 2)come down 下来
3)come in 进入,进来
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来 5)come out出来
6)come out of 从……出来 7)come up 上来
8)come from 来自……
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读
11)do one's best 尽力
12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning) 买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除) 13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好 19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备
20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) 21)get back 返回
22)get rid of 除掉,去除 23)get in 进入,收集 24)get on/off 上/下车 25)get to 到达 26)get there 到达那里
27)give sb. a call 给……打电话 28)give a talk 作报告
29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)
30)give back 归还,送回
31)give ……some advice on 给…一些忠告 32)give lessons to 给……上课
33)give in 屈服
34)give up 放弃
35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信
37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧 38)go to the cinema 看电影
39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)
40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学) 41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病 42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝……走去
43)go~fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)
49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights) go out (灯) 熄了 52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会
53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球) 赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴
57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)
58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶) 60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐 97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64)have (have got) a headache 头痛 65)have a fever 发烧
66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒) 67)have a look (at) 看一看……
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)
69)have a talk 谈话
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会
73)have something done 让人(请人) 做……
74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 75)have an idea 有了个主意
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 与……谈几句话 78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉 80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于…… 82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做…… 84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声) 86)make a living 谋生
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做…… 88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸 89)make friends (with)与……交朋友 90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误 91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方 92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由……制成
95)be made in 在……地方制造 96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面) 字典
98)look up 往上看,仰望
99)look after 照管,照看,照顾 100)look for 寻找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 103)look out 当心,小心
104)look on …as … 把……当作……看待 105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看着……
107)put on 穿上(衣服) ,戴上(帽子) ,上演(戏剧)
108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖
109)put into 使进入,输入
110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于 111)put …down … 把……放下 112)put …into … 把……译成 113)set up 竖起,建起 114)set off 出发,动身 115)set out 出发
116)set an example for 为……树立榜样 117)send for 派人去请(叫) 118)send out 放出,发出
119)end up 把……往上送,发射 120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 121)take out 拿出,取出
122)take down 拿下 123)take place 发生
124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务
125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127)take it easy 别紧张
128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管 131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回,带回 135)take hold of 抓住……
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等) 拿掉 137)take (an active) part in (积极) 参加(活动)
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服药
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等) 142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等) 143)turn in 交出,上交 144)turn …into … 变成 145)turn to 翻到,转向
146)turn down (把音量) 调低 147)turn …over 把……翻过来
148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球
149)play games 做游戏
150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑
(三) 由其他动词构成的词组
153)think over 仔细考虑
154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 155)eat up 吃完,吃光
156)do well in 在……干得好
157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等) 159)finish off 吃完,喝完
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
162)hold a meting 举行会议 163)hold up 举起 164)hurry up 赶快,快点 165)enter for 报名参加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 习惯于 168)used to 过去常常 169)wake …up 唤醒 170)work out 算出
二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组
1)ask for 向……要……,请求 2)ask for leave 请假 3)send for 派人去请(叫) 4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for 等候
6)thank for 为……感谢
7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
8)look for 寻找
9)leave …for 离开……去…… 10)fall off 跌落
11)catch cold 着凉,伤风
12)catch up with 赶上
13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见14)filled ……with 把……装满
15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 16)talk about 谈论…… 17)think about 考虑…… 18)worry about 担忧…… 19)look after 照料
20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……读 22)smile at 对……微笑 23)knock at 敲(门、窗)
24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷) 25)throw away 扔掉
26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排队等候 28)change …into … 变成 29)hurry into… 匆忙进入 30)run into… 跑进 31)hear of 听说 32)think of 认为,考虑 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上来
36)stay in bed 卧病在床 37)hear from 收到……来信 38)at once 立刻
39)at last 最后
40)at first 起先,首先
41)at the age of… 在……岁时
42)at the end of… 在……之末
43)at the beginning of… 在……之初 44)at the foot of… 在……脚下 45)at the same time 同时
46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午
47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
48)with the help of … 在……的帮助下 49)with a smile 面带笑容 50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 51)after a while 过了一会儿 52)from now on 从现在起 53)from then on 从那时起 54)far example 例如
55)far away from 远离
56)from morning till night 从早到晚 57)by and by 不久
58)by air mail 寄航空邮件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 顺便说 61)by the window 在窗边
62)by the end of… 到……底为止 63)little by little 逐渐地 64)in all 总共 65)in fact 事实上
66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 67)in a hurry 匆忙
68)in the middle of 在……中间 69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快70)in time (on time) 及时 71)in public 公众,公开地 72)in order to 为了…… 73)in front of 在……前面 74)in the sun 在阳光下 75)in the end 最后,终于 76)in surprise 惊奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 当然
79)a bit (of) 有一点儿
80)a lot of 许多
81)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上 82)on foot 步行,走路
83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 84)on the other hand 另一方面 85)at/on the weekend 在周末
86)on the left (right) 在左(右) 边 87)on the other side of 在……另一边
88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 89)to one's joy 使……高兴的是 90)to one's surprise 使……惊讶
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