范文一:英语六级选词填空
六级选词填空
Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria FOR half a century, the (1) __________of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.
Moore's law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space (2)__________ every 18 months. The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.
Yet as (3)__________ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.
On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion. Happily for those that lack Intel's resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature,
who has been building tiny (4)__________, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.
A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the (5)__________.
In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,
similar to those employed to store information in disk drives. The researchers took their (6)__________ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.
Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to (7)__________ this protein in bulk. Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.
Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein. The other half were left untreated as controls.
They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated (8)__________ of iron salts.
After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.
Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.
In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised.
Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.
For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing (9)__________.
But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.
The (10)__________ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.
Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.
If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.
A) components
B) advantage
C) standards
D) compliments
E) essence
F) inspiration
G) disadvantage
H) doubles
I) solution
J) resolution
K) devices
L) manufacture
M) spirit
N) product
O) technique
答案:
1.E)essence
2.H)doubles
3.A)components
4.K)devices
5.O)technique
6.F)inspiration
7.L)manufacture
8.I)solution
9.C)standards
10.B)advantage
全文翻译
A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria
制造计算机存储器的新奇方法:使用细菌
FOR half a century, the essence of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.
半个世纪以来,计算机产业发展的本质就是花钱更少,成事更多。
Moore ’s law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space doubles every 18 months.
摩尔定律的著名论断是:能够放入某空间内的晶体管数量每18个月翻一番。 The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.
储存的数据也有着类似的增长速率,
Yet as components get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.
但是随着部件越来越小,它们的制造难度和成本也逐渐增加。
On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.
5月10日,美国芯片巨头因特尔总裁兼CEOPaul Otellini宣布将花费上百亿美元建设新工厂。
Happily for those that lack Intel’s resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature,
对于不像因特尔那么有钱的厂家的好消息是,他们或许可以选择更便宜的方式—模拟大自然。
who has been building tiny devices, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.对于大自然来说,她建造微小设备已经有数十亿年了,所以自然是信手拈来,当然,这些设备都是以活细胞和其组份的形式呈现。
A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the technique.发表在纳米技术期刊《微小》的一篇论文描述了这一新技术的示例,
In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,该技术团队由英国利兹大学的Sarah Staniland 领导,他们用自然生成的蛋白质让微型磁性材料进行排列,
similar to those employed to store information in disk drives. 这与磁盘驱动器上储存信息的磁性材料排序是类似的。
The researchers took their inspiration from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth’s magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide. 研究人员从趋磁细菌上获得了灵感,由于该细菌内部存在磁性颗粒,所以对地球磁场非常敏感。
Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to manufacture this protein in bulk. 他们先要把制造这种微型罗盘的蛋白质分离出来,并采用基因工程技术设法让另一种细菌—大肠杆菌来批量生产这种蛋白质,而大肠杆菌在生物体内普遍存在,是生物工程中的常用苦力。
Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.然后他们用化学方法绘制微小的棋盘图案,
Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein. 并把图案的每一块染成金黄色,
The other half were left untreated as controls.每块区域的一半用该蛋白质做固定点,
They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated solution of iron salts.
另一半不做任何处理作为对照,再把这些金黄色的棋盘浸入含蛋白质的溶液中,并允许溶液中的蛋白质与棋盘上的固定蛋白质结合,最后把该棋盘全部浸入加热的铁盐溶液中。
After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.他们再用电子显微镜观察实验结果,
Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.
果然,棋盘上的固定蛋白质区域产生了成群的磁铁颗粒,并由细菌蛋白质控制在相应位置。
In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised. 基本上每个磁域都能按极化的方式存储一个字节信息的1或0。
Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road. 但是要制成真正的计算机存储器还有很长的路要走,
For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing standards.首先对于可用的存储器来说,那些磁铁颗粒的磁性还不够强大,并且每个区域的尺寸对现在计算机标准来说太大了。
But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.
但Staniland 认为,只要做些足够的调整,那些困难都将不是问题。 The advantage of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.
这种方法的好处就是不用像因特尔那样如此资源密集地去建造新工厂, Growing things does not need as much kit as making them. 在制造不断发展的产品时也不需要同样多的设备,
If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.
所以,如果这种调整可以成功的话,生物技术将会有一个全新的定义。
Nice juicy Apple
ALTHOUGH he is still (1)__________ things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn has found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist (2) __________that he had built up a stake in Apple, though he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bought. Mr Icahn’s intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to expand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.
Mr Icahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a (3)__________ buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firm’s founder, and Silver Lake, a private-equity firm. His pressing has already forced the buy-out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billion and he has taken his (4)__________ to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.
Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial, a Canadian bank, has been (5)__________ fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12 that it is exploring various
(6) __________options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Management, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks could do more to improve returns to (7)__________. th
One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists’ crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the economic downturn and have been slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and (8)__________ a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of 2015.
Another reason that tech firms make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologies can trip up even the mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, which ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investors hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidly in response to such upheavals in their markets.
The rewards can be substantial. Egged on by Third Point, an activist hedge fund, Yahoo (9) __________Marissa Mayer as its new chief executive in July 2012. By the time she celebrated a year in the job last month, the troubled web giant’s share price had risen by over 70%. In July the hedge fund sold a big chunk of shares back to Yahoo. Mr Icahn thinks Apple’s share price, which closed at $499 on August 14th , could soar too if the firm follows his advice on buy-backs. He tweeted this week that he had had a “nice (10)__________” with Tim Cook, Apple’s boss, about his idea, though he did not say what Mr Cook thought of it. If Apple drags its feet, expect things to turn nasty.
A) shareholders
B) strategic
C) communication
D) battle
E) conversation
F) encouraging
G) exciting
H) stirring
I) appointed
J) race
K) revealed
L) method
M) accelerate
N) proposed
答案
1.H) stirring
2.K) revealed
3.N) proposed
4.D) battle
5.F) encouraging
6.B) strategic
7.A) shareholders
8.M) accelerate
9.I) appointed
10.E) conversation
全文翻译:
新鲜多汁的“苹果”
Nice juicy Apple
尽管卡尔·伊坎仍在陷入困境的电脑生产商戴尔公司搅和,他已经抽出了时间力争另一家科技巨头。8月13日,这位积极的投资老手透露他已经持有苹果的股份,但是具体持有多少则避而不谈。然而,伊坎先生的意图很明确:他想要这家消费电子产品巨头扩张计划,将1470亿美元市值里的部分资金以现金和有价证券的形式返还给股东。
ALTHOUGH he is still stirring things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn has found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist revealed that he had built u
p a stake in Apple, though he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bought. Mr Icahn’s intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to expand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.
伊坎先生也仍在从戴尔公司争取更多的钱,他正在游说股东反对一起收购。这项收购计划是由戴尔的创始人迈克尔·戴尔和一家私募股权公司银湖发起的。来自伊坎先生的压力已经使收购方提高了3.5亿美元的价格,使得收购价达到了248亿美元。他已经将斗争带到了法庭,通过投标争取得到更多的钱。
Mr Icahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a proposed buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firm’s founder, and Silver Lake, a private-equity firm. His pressing has already forced the buy-out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billion and he has taken his battle to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.
其他的科技公司也吸引了不少积极投资者的注意。今年早些时候,一个投资基金ValueAct Capital表示其持有了微软公司20亿美元的股份。加拿大银行捷豹金融也鼓励陷入危机的黑莓创新思维。今年8月12日,黑莓公司表示其正在探索战略选择,包括结盟和出售公司。一家对冲基金艾略特管理公司游说数据存储公司NetApp 做出改变,该公司认为NetApp 能做出更多来提高股东的收益。 Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial,
a Canadian bank, has been encouraging fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12th that it is exploring various strategic options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Management, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks could do more to improve returns to shareholders.
积极投资人瞄准科技公司的一个原因是,很多科技公司跟苹果一样在经济衰退时拥有很大的现金流,但是资金利用不足。金融家希望他们放松自己的财政,放出更多的现金。伊坎先生想要苹果增加并加速其股份回购计划。现在该计划是截止到2015年末,苹果公司返还600亿美元给股东。
One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists’ crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the economic downturn and have been slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and accelerate a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of 2015.
积极投资者瞄准科技公司的另一个原因就是科技的日新月异甚至会搞垮行业巨头。看一看微软的例子,在个人电脑时期成垄断之势,而在平板电脑智能手机时代则处于苦苦挣扎的境地。投资者希望通过推动公司做出更快改变适应市场变化来挣得更多利润。
Another reason that tech firms make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologies can trip up even the
mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, which ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investors hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidly in response to such upheavals in their markets.
报酬是实质性的。在活跃对冲基金第三点公司的怂恿之下,雅虎在2012年7月任命梅丽莎梅耶为新CEO 。上个月她任职一年,这家陷入危机的互联网巨头股价上升了70%。7月,这家对冲基金回卖了一大笔股票给雅虎。伊坎先生认为苹果如果听从他关于回购的意见的话,其股价也能大涨。8月14日苹果的股价为每股499美元。这周他发推表示他跟苹果老板蒂姆库克有一个很愉快的对话,尽管他没有说库克对其建议的看法。如果苹果一拖再拖的话,等着丑事儿发生吧。 The rewards can be substantial. Egged on by Third Point, an activist hedge fund, Yahoo appointed Marissa Mayer as its new chief executive in July 2012. By the time she celebrated a year in the job last month, the troubled web giant’s share price had risen by over 70%. In July the hedge fund sold a big chunk of shares back to Yahoo. Mr Icahn thinks Apple’s share price, which closed at $499 on August 14th , could soar too if the firm follows his advice on buy-backs. He tweeted this week that he had had a “nice conversation” with Tim Cook, Apple’s boss, about his idea, though he did not say what Mr Cook thought of it. If Apple drags its feet, expect things to turn nasty.
A recent study found that men consume an (3)__________ 433 calories (equivalent to a McDonald's double cheeseburger) on days they drink a
moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric increase comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat, and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they aren't drinking, the study showed.
Women fared a bit better, taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days, from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But women's increase in calories from additional eating wasn't statistically significant, the study said.
'Men and women ate less healthily on days they drank alcohol,' said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. 'Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health (4)__________,' she said.
The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which (5)__________ generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance 'the short-term rewarding effects' of consuming food, according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol, appetite and obesity.
But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women, this research has show
n. Moderate drinking is (6) __________having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.
'People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers, regardless of [alcoholic] beverage choice,' said Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary (7)__________. The weight-gain difference is modest, and 'starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet,' he said.
The various research efforts form part of a long-standing (8)__________ about how alcohol affects people's appetites, weight and overall health. Researchers say there aren't simple answers, and suggest that individuals' metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role.
Alcohol is 'a real wild card when it comes to weight management,' said Karen Miller-Kovach, chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint, she notes, causing a person to become more (9)__________ with what they're eating.
Research bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed nearly 50,000 women over eight years. An earlier study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994,
followed more than 7,000 people for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results.
Dr. Rimm said it isn't clear why moderate drinking may be (10)__________ against typical weight gain, but it could have to do with metabolic adjustments. After people drink alcohol, their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.
'It's a modest amount,' he said. 'But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine, the person drinking the glass of wine will have a slight increase in the amount of calories burned.'
A:indulgent
B:participants
C:debate
D:considered
E:contributes
F:contest
G:guidelines
H:protective
I:moderate J:index
K:implications L:considerate M:additional N:experienced O:owes
1.E:contributes
2.I:moderate
3.M:additional
4.K:implications
5.B:participants
6.D:considered
7.G:guidelines
8.C:debate
9.A:indulgent
10.H:protective
全文翻译
啤酒肚的形成并不只是因为啤酒本身。饮酒会使人摄入额外的卡路里和脂肪、选择不健康的饮食,这些也都是形成啤酒肚的帮凶。
近期一项研究发现,男性在饮酒量适中的情况下,会额外摄入433卡路里热量(相当于一个麦当劳双层吉士汉堡) 。约61%的多余热量来自酒类本身。研究还表明,男性在饮酒时会比平日摄入更多饱和脂肪和肉类,而减少水果和牛奶的食用量。
女性的情况略好,适量饮酒时会多摄入300卡路里,来源于酒和油腻食物。研究也指出,从数据上来看,女性因食物摄入量增加而造成的热量摄入增加并不显著。
流行病学家罗莎琳德?布雷斯洛(Rosalind Breslow)说:“男性和女性喝酒的时候吃得都不太健康。”她是这项研究的带头人,效力于美国国家酒精滥用及酗酒问题研究所(National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)。她说:“是饮酒时的食物选择不当给公众健康造成了隐患。”
研究发现与实验室对照实验相吻合,在实验中,参与者往往在喝酒之后食量更大。《生理学与行为学》(Physiology & Behavior)期刊在2010年发表了一项关于酒精、食欲与肥胖的报告,研究者认为酒精会增进摄入食物时的“短期奖赏效应”。
但是其他研究的结果却截然相反。一项研究表明,长期以来,适量饮酒的人体重增长比酒量大或者滴酒不沾的人更慢,特别是在女性群体中。适量饮酒指的是,男性每天大约喝两杯酒,女性为一杯。
埃里克?利姆(Eric Rimm)说:“体重增长最少的人都是适量饮酒的人,无论选择的是何种(酒精) 饮料。”他是哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)流行病学与营养学副教授,也是2010年美国饮食指南酒类评论的主席。他说,体重增长的差异并不显著,所以“开始喝酒并不是个减肥办法。”
各种各样的研究促成了持久的争论:到底酒精是如何作用于人的食欲、体重和整体健康的。研究者们说答案并不是单一的,每个人的新陈代谢、饮酒方式和性别都会有一定的影响。
Weight Watchers International首席科学官卡伦?米勒-科瓦奇(Karen Miller-Kovach) 说,酒精的确是“控制体重时的一个未知数” 。她说,以每克七卡路里来计算,酒精的卡路里含量比起碳水化合物和蛋白质更接近脂肪。她还提到,酒精会减弱人们的自制力,这使得人在吃东西时更加放纵自己。
《肥胖研究》(Obesity Research)期刊在2004年发表的一项研究肯定了适度饮酒在帮助控制体重增长中的作用。这项研究在八年间追踪了近50,000名女性。更早的一项研究发表于1994年的《美国流行病学杂志》(American Journal of Epidemiology),该研究对7,000人进行了10年的追踪,并发现适量饮酒的人比不喝酒的人体重增长得更少。两项研究都对不同组别腰围的变化进行了比较,并得出了相似的结论。
利姆说适量饮酒者似乎可以抵抗一般的体重增长,其原因尚不明确,但可能与代谢调节有关。人们饮酒后,心跳加快,所以他们会在接下来的一小时里燃烧更多卡路里。
“这一消耗量并不算高”,他说。“但是如果一个人吃了100卡食物,而另一个人喝了一杯酒,喝酒的人消耗的卡路里会略多一些。”
Nearly half the (1)__________ believes UFOs could be a (2) __________of extraterrestrial visitation.
A HuffPost/YouGov poll reveals that 48 percent of adults in the United States are open to the idea that alien spacecraft are observing our planet -- and just 35 percent outright (3)__________ the idea. The poll was seen as vindication from the community of UFO researchers who often feel they are laughed off by government officials. "It's always been intriguing to me how we act as though only kooks and quacks and little old ladies in tennis shoes believe in flying saucers. And it's never been true, at least for 30 or 40 years," said former nuclear physicist Stanton Friedman, who was the original civilian investigator of the events surrounding the (4) __________Roswell, NM, UFO crash of 1947.
Friedman is very outspoken on the idea that some UFOs are (5)__________ controlled extraterrestrial vehicles.
"The believers are far more quiet, but far more on the side of reality," Friedman told The Huffington Post. "When you look at the polls, it's clear. And I see the benefit of that, (6)__________, because I've only had 11 hecklers in over 700 lectures. I've been out there, all over the place, in every state, 18 other countries, and I know that my (7) __________is more than tolerant -- they're accepting. It's been one of the things that really has kept me going."
In the HuffPost/YouGov poll, conducted between Sept. 6-7, 1,000 adults were asked if they either believed or didn't believe that some people have (8)__________ UFOs that have an extraterrestrial origin. When YouGov offered (9)__________ the choice between "slightly disagree," "disagree" and "strongly disagree," those numbers added up to 35 percent who are skeptical of the notion that any UFOs may be alien-related.
However, nearly half of the adults surveyed (48 percent) resounded in the affirmative, leaving 16 percent who (10)__________ that they weren't sure on either side of the ET issue.
A: legendary
B:accept
C: reject
D: respondents
E: personally
F: implied
G: population
H: resposibility
I: intelligently
J: indicated
K: sign
L: signal
M: witnessed
N: story
O: audience
1.G:population
2.K:sign
3.C:reject
4.A:legendary
5.I:intelligently
6.E:personally
7.O:audience
8.M:witnessed
9.D:respondents
10.J:indicated
全文翻译
几乎半数的美国人相信UFO 就是外星人对地球的探视。
根据哈芬登邮报的报道,有百分之48的美国人认为外星生物在探视地球,只有百分之35的人完全不赞同这个观点。
这份民意调查让UFO 研究员们获得了强大的群众支持,尽管他们知道政府对这种研究的态度是一笑了之的。
“我们的行为也许看起来很愚蠢很傻,似乎是老眼昏花的老太太们才会相信看到飞碟。但这却是让我着迷,虽然,也许未来的30到40年里,都不能被证实。”前核物理学家, Stanton Friedman如是说。Stanton Friedman曾以民间UFO 调查员的身份参加过1947罗斯维尔UFO 坠毁事件。
Friedman 直言不讳对说UFO 就是外形生物的飞行器。
“虽然相信UFO 存在的人很沉默,但是这个信念也许离真想更接近。” Friedman 对报社记者讲到。“美国人对UFO 存在与否的民意调查,能证明我的想法是对的。我能从民意调查中感觉到支持。我在全美国各个州以及18个国家开展的700堂关于UFO 的讲学中,只受到过11个反对者的质问。所以我明确,来听我课的人不是被我的课说服的,他们其实已经接受了UFO 存在的事实。这也是让我继续研究的动力。”
今年9月,哈芬登邮报组织的这次民意调查,对60000到71000的成年人进行采访。采访的内容是:是否认为人们宣称看到的飞行物是外星人的飞行器? 调查答案中选择“不太相信”、“不相信”、“完全不信”的人在被调查人群中站到百分之35.
然而,近半数的被调查对象回应道相信UFO 就是外星人飞行器。百分之16的被调查者对这个问题不置可否。
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the futu
re, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
A)transplant
B)solution
C)gadually
D)transport
E)elemental
F)conflict
G)continually
H)mobile
I)couples
J)agricultural
K)including
L)compromise
M)requires
N)primary
O)consisting
ANSWER:
1. 选J) 。此处应填形容词,修饰名次societies 。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family...“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”, 即“extended" family存在于工业化之前的社会,即agricultural society。故J) 正确。选项中的primary”最初的,原始的“不符合原文意思。
2. 选A) 。由be hard to do sth.可知,此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”,这说明这样的家庭are hard to...,选项中由transplant 和transport 两个动词原形,前者指的是“迁居,迁移”,后者指的是运输,不难推断前者符合原文意思,故A)transplant 正确。3. 选C) 。因为这句话的句子结构完整,固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually 和c ontinually, 原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“,emerge 的意思是“浮现" ,强调经过一个过程后出现的。由此可以判断,这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现,而不是连续不断地出现,故选择C)gradually>
4. 选O) 。该句可拆分理解,即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一个家庭单元...... 父母和不多的孩子“,由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含,由...... 组成“的。选项中的including 和consi sting 均可以表示此意,但由原文中的of 可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸,故O) 为正确答案。
5. 选H) 。从原文中的more...than 可知,此处应填形容词,构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是imm obile, 那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性,故应选H)mobile ,说明新型的家庭模式的优点。
6. 选M) 。此处应填动词,作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的) 超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要,需求”的词。requires 表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求,很明显选择M) requires 。
7. 选E) 。此处应填形容词,用来修饰名词components 。文中说明家庭被减缩到最...... 的成员,即由男人和女人组成,男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E)elemental“基本的,本质的”,而N)primary“主要的,最早的”,原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic 的组成部分,故E) 更符合原文意思。
8. 选l) 。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点,本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”,说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法,故选项中的L)compromise“妥协,折中”符合文意。而solution 虽然也表示解决办法,但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情,故排除。
9. 选F) 。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict ,根据上下文意思,这个题相对容易。中 华 考 试 网
10. 选I) 。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵,那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人,故这里应填I)c ouples 。
导读:The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are har
d to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family="extended" family),第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点:很难流动。) Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段与第一段形成对比,说明i ndustrialism“工业化”要求家庭必须流动,导致大家庭变得越来越小,甚至只剩下最基本的成员:男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task
of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段说明工业化背景下,参加工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾。)
全文翻译:工业化之前的典型的家庭模式不仅包括许多孩子,而且还有很多其他的家庭成员----祖父母,叔叔,婶婶,堂兄妹等。这样的大家庭适合在慢节奏的农业社会中生存,但这样的家庭很难迁移和流动。工业化需要大量乐意并能够离开家乡外出寻找工作的工人,而且他们可以根据需要随时流动。这样,大家庭渐渐摆脱了多余的成员,而所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了:这种家庭是只包括父母和小孩的迁移方便的小家庭。这种远远比传统大家庭更易于流动的新型家庭模式便成为所有工业国家的标准模式。然而,超级工业化,即下一个阶段的生态科技的发展,要求家庭具有更大的流动性。因此我们期待:在将来,许多人采取继续进一步缩小的家庭模式。除了孩子,把家庭缩减到它的最基本成员,即只有一个男人和一个女人。夫妻两人,也许由于职业旗鼓相当,将比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和处理社会问题方面更加爱得心应手,在更换工作类型和工作地点的方面更为有效。折中的解决办法就是推迟要孩子,而不是不要孩子。现在的男人和女人在忠于事业和抚养孩子之间总是引起冲突。在将来,许多夫妇会把全力以赴抚养孩子推迟到退休以后,以回避这一问题。
范文二:英语六级 选词填空
针对选词填空这个题型,下面谈一下自己的做题方法和体会,希望对大家有所帮助, 不会浪费你们太多时间,下面以 2013年 6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)这套题的选词填 空为例:
The continuous presentation of scary stories about global warming in the popular media mak es us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __36__ our kids.
AI Gore famously __37_ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Flori da, New York. Holland, and Shanghai, even_though-the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen(完整 ) , __38__ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that.
When __39__ with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and su rely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change. This _argument_is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying _4 0_ about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, _forexample_ , on global warming's impact on malaria (疟 疾 ) - which will put slightly more people at _at_risk_in 100 years - instead of tackling the half a bi
语 today with prevention and treatment policies that arc much cheaper and dramatically more effe ctive than carbon reduction would be.
__42__also wears out the public's willingness to tackle global warming. If the planet is __43_ _ people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A majority_of people now believe - incorrectl y - that global warming is not even caused by humans.
But the worst cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes - particul arly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries abou t the possibility of mass animal __44__ from global warming.
The newspaper also reported that parents are searching
选项 :
A confronted F doomed K excessively
B extinction G suffering L Reservation
C terrifies H Besides M estimating
D depicted I Despite N extracting
E isolation J distracted O Exaggeration
{一共十五个选项,其中六个(DEFJNO )不认识,但不是特别影响做题 }
36、根据词性判断,此处应该填一动词,且根据前面的 makes 判断时态为一般现在时,满 足条件的只有 C 选项,而且词义也有使害怕、是惊吓的意思。
37、 容易此空后面是一个从句, 所以此处应该填写一个动词, 而且这句话是一个名人 曾经 说 过的话,所以要用过去式,满足条件的有 |ADFJ三个选项,根据词义可以排除 AJ ,剩 下两个如果不知道意思,只能蒙了,正确率为百分之五十。
38、 此空后面是一个宾语从句, 而且前面是一个完整的句子, 所以此处的动词要用进行时表
主动或者过去时表被动,再根据词义, M 选项有估计、预测的意思,所以选择 M 。 39、此处是一个 when 的固定句型,主句的主语和从句的主语一致,从句的主语和系动词可 以省略,所以此处应该填写一个动词的过去时,表被动, A 项有使面对的意思,符合条 件。
40、 worry 为动词,后面应填写一个副词,符合条件的只有 K ,而且结合词义过多、过分地 意思,完全符合。
41、此空后面有一介词 from ,选项里面的 G 项可以和它连用,构成固定短语,而且此短语 结构修饰前面的 people ,做后置定语成分。
42、根据词性此处应该填写一个名词,符合条件的有 BELO ,根据词义和上文的提示(绿色 部分) ,不难选出 O 项。
43、此处既可以填写名词,也可以填写动词的过去式,我选的是 J 项,意思不符合,正确答 案是 F 项,注定毁灭的意思。
44、这个从句比较简单, 直接翻译为 “谁会关心一些动物的 ------的可能性,因为全球变暖” , 此处应该填一名词或者动名词,易选出 B (灭绝) 。
45、 这句翻译有点难度, 而且生词的地方也比较关键, 但是请注意:eventually disappearing和 not become extinct前后形成转折, 再看选项,其中 I ,可以表转折,而且意思刚好符合。 我感觉这篇选词填空, 难度不低, 而且生词不少, 但根据一些方法和技巧不是特别影响 拿分,一共十五个选项,其中六个完全不认识,还有几个把握不大,但是我只错了三个。这 就说明了方法的重要性。具体我总结了一下几点:
一、如果比较简单直接根据句意和选项的意思做出正确选择。
二、直接翻译不成的,就用方法和技巧:
1、先判断词性(动名形副代介) ,然后再判断时态,这时候大家要注意顺序最好不要 颠倒,因为,有些动词进行时不一定表正在进行,也可能是表主动关系,或者当动名词、形 容词, 或者做前置定语等等,同理有些过去时的动词也可以表被动关系,或者当形容词,或 者后置定语等等。所以先判断词性,后判断时态。
2、固定短语,一般有介词提示,像 41空, from 显然和 suffer 连用。
3、 注 意 断 句 , 例 如 44空 , who cries about the possibility of mass animal __44__ from global warming. 这里不是固定短语, 这里的 from (因为)表原因。
4、固定句型,例如 When __39__ with these exaggerations, some of us say that,如果不知 道这个句型就会无从下手,建议大家再复习一下高中的语法,虚拟语气的考查率也挺高的。 5、 根据关键词, 联系前后文, 得出一些意外收获, 例如 45空, eventually disappearing和 not become extinct形成了转折,就很容易选出来了,尽管不知道本句话的全部意思。
最新动态:前几天晚上听了一个有关英语的讲座,其中提到了,怎么准备一个考试(包括 四六级考试,考研英语考试,雅思托福考试等等) ,分为三个部分:
1、 单词。一般半个月最多不要超过一个月,背 2~3遍。绝对不能拖长时间,其实单词背得 时间越长,记住得也就越少。
2、 听力和阅读。讲师说用大量时间来攻克这两块,不要怕浪费时间,这两块也是分值最大 的地方。
3、 写作(口语) 。剩下多少时间就利用多少时间,应为写作和口语不是一两天可以提高上 来的,需要长时间的阅读经验和积累,所以不要在这一块浪费太多时间。
每一部分的具体时间安排讲师没有细说, 根据的自己的实际情况决定。 但是大的方向最好不 要改变。
范文三:2017大学英语六级选词填空模拟考题
"Not the most beautiful rainy day, is once you escape the rain roof."以下是小编为大家搜索整理的
2017大学英语六级选词填空模拟考题,希望能给大家带来帮
助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们职场百科网
(www.zcbkw.com)!
Climate talks between the world’s top 20 polluters
have ended with an unusual level of agreement on the urgent need to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.
But 1 at the Mexico talks also stressed the massive gap between the politics and science of climate change. Several said they had never known such a positive atmosphere. Nobody 2 the reality of climate science anymore.
Business leaders from the World Economic Forum in Davos expressed a need for strong targets from governments on greenhouse gases. The International Energy Agency (IEA) said much could be achieved with existing technology, although far greater 3 was needed. The World Bank 4 its
1
framework for investment in clean technology to help developing countries expand energy supplies without having to follow the 5 path of the West.
But bank representatives made it clear that there was no sign of the $20bn. (Z 10.1bn.) investment programme 6 by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon Brown previously. The U.S., which was present at the talks, was objecting to parts of the proposal. The Under-Secretary of State for Global Affairs, Paula Dobriansky, told the BBC that the U.S. was now acting urgently to tackle greenhouse gases―then later admitted that the country’s 7 would continue to rise.
Another U.S. delegate agreed that the world would face 8 sea-level rise because of climate change. But when 9 asked if the U.S. opposition to mandatory (强制的)C02 cuts
had changed in any way in response to a surge in concern over recent science of climate change, the delegate 10 replied “no”. The U.S. is by no means the only sticking point in
climate talks, however.
A) officialI) invaluable
B) dirty
2
J) economically
C) doubted
K) delegates
D) developed
L) thriftily
E) outlined
M) investment
F) raise
N) inevitable
G) informally
0) announced
3
H) emissions
文章精要
文章陈述了各国首脑会议中谈论的解决温室效应的问题,与会者提出应尽 快解决温室气体排放带来的环境问题。文章最后陈述了美国对此举措的态度。
答案解析
1. K 分析句子结构,空处为句子的主语,且stressed(强调)的主语应该是人,故应填表示人的名词。此句意为:但是参与墨西哥对话的 也重点强调了政治和气候变化科学的巨大差异。结合选项中的名词,delegates最合 适,意为“代表团成员”。
分析句子结构,空处是句子的谓语动词,应填动词过去式。上一句提到, 一些人没有想到谈判的氛围非常积极,由此推测此处填入doubted最合适, 表示没有人再“怀疑”气候科学的现实性。
分析句子结构,far greater 为从句的主语,故空处应填一个名词。此句意为:国际能源署提到现存的技术就能让我们达到很多的目标,尽管还需要更多的 。接着下一句就提到了 “投资计划”,由此可知填入 investment “投资”符合句意。
4
根据句子结构,句子缺少谓语,空处应填动词过去式。根据空后出现的 framework―词,推测应填入outlined,表示“勾勒框架”。
空格前为定冠词,空格后为名词,判断此处应填一个形容词。根据上下文 文意,此处要表达的是:不让发展中国家走西方国家的脏乱的污染道路, 故dirty最合适。
分析句子结构, by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon
Brown作后置定语,
修饰investment programme,by―词暗示应该用过去分词。结合选项,the U.K. Chancellor应该是announced(宣布)投资计划。
空格前为名词所有格the country’s,判断此处应填名词。此处意为: 后来美国承认美国的 !乃将持续增加。上文提到美国目前正在迫切地应对温室气体排放问题。由此可知谈论的主题是“温室气体的排放”,故填入 emissions合适,意为“排放”。
空格前为动词face,空格后为名词词组sea-level rise,判断此处可能填一个 形容词,修饰sea-level rise。此句意为:另一位美国代表认为因为气候变化,世界将面临 海平面上升。结合选项,气候变化不可避免地会使海平面上升,inevitable意为“不可避免的”,符合题意。
分析句子结构,when asked if…是省略了主语和be动
5
词的结构,主句的主语是the delegate,从句不缺主谓成分,故推测应填副词。由本句开 头的But可知相对应前一句,本句含义发生了转折,副词选项中只有 informally含义合适,表示“非正式地”。
分析句子结构,the delegate replied “no”不缺主谓充分,判断此处应填一个副词。此处意为“美国代表 地答复了‘不会’”,由此可知填入economically合适,意为“经济地,节约地”,言外之意在说明美国官员对 于问题的回答很粗略,不详细。
6
范文四:大学英语六级选词填空题解题技巧
http://www.wenduedu.com
大学英语六级选词填空题解题技巧
来源:文都教育
即将考英语六级的同学应该对选词填空题不陌生,因为去年8月改革之前该题型属于四级考试仔细阅读的一部分,改革之后把英语六级的原简答题改为选词填空,与四级题型一致,主要考察考生结合上下文对文章词汇的理解能力,文章大约270个词左右,当中有十个空,要求考生从文章后面给出的十五个单词中选十个填空,每词最多用一次,每个正确选项都有干扰项,要么是相同词性选项间的干扰,要么是多余选项对正确选项的干扰,需要考生能够排除干扰,选出正确选项。对此,文都老师为大家提供以下解题策略,帮助考生高效正确地解题。
一、浏览全文,把握主题
开始做题前,先花30~40秒时间快速浏览一下全文,重点看每段的首尾句,中间内容扫视重复的词汇,了解文章的大致内容,主要关注文章涉及哪些内容、主旨大意是什么。每篇文章都会有一个特定的主题,文章围绕主题展开,自然会使用与主题相关的词汇,这样之后看选项时,可以先排除与主题不相干的干扰项;了解行文脉络,也会为第三步敲定选项打下基础。 二、浏览选项,词性分类
快速浏览完文章之后,要花1分钟左右的时间浏览选项,把题目给出的十五个词快速进行 词性 分类,这十五个词都是实词,即只在名词、动词、形容词和副词这四类词性中划分,在每个词后标注词性,而且要对每个词的词义有个大致的印象,这一步同样是为第三步打基础。 三、仔细阅读,敲定选项
做好前两步之后,考生需要用7~8分钟时间,回到原文,逐题分析解题,包括语法结构分析和词义分析。首先要根据空格前后的语法特征,确定所填空应该是什么词性,缩小选词范围。例如,一句话当中,空前出现一个名词,空后出现一个名词,然后是句点,则这个句子缺谓语,所以要填动词。然后在符合词性要求的词当中根据上下文逻辑,选择词义与文中语境相符的词语。 四、复读审核,确认调整
通过以上三步,可以得出绝大多数的答案,最后再花一分钟时间,阅读一遍全文,看词义逻辑是否正确,如果发现问题,在谨慎考虑之后可做出相应的调整,至此,整个选词填空的解题就完成了。
通过以上四步,考生可以高效地做好选词填空题目,并大幅提升正确率,当然,这有一个前提,
http://www.wenduedu.com
就是考生要对大纲要求的词汇熟练掌握,如果不了解词义,再好的解题方法也无济于事,所以建议
考生在夯实词汇基础的前提下运用以上解题方法,这样才能该题型上提升正确率。
范文五:大学英语六级选词填空应试技巧
大学英语四级阅读:选词填空技巧汇总
选词填空的考察形式
一篇280词左右的文章,文章中挖出10个空,并统一给出A-O 15个备选答案。选词填空区别于完形填空,有更大的解题难度,原因在于:
1. 完形填空每题都是四选一,选词填空第一题要十五选一,就算用到排除法,最后一题也要六选一,而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到,难度加大;
2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性,只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答,而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性,解题时需要同时判断词性和词义,难度加大;
3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态,统一形式,而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态,名词的单复数等的辨析,难度加大。
针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步
1. 预览选项,了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n ,动词v ,形容词a ,副词ad ,在每个选项后作词性的简要标记;
2. 精读全文开头,把握文章主题,并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位,利用前后文判
断每空的词性;
3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文,含义通顺,时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。
四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用。在根据前后文判断每空的词性时,一些经常考察的形式如下:
名词:通常来说,冠词(如a ,an ,the) 、形容词、介词后面搭配名词,即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n。”,
举例说明: Education soon became a _____. 冠词a 后面加可数名词的单数形式,正确答案是nightmare ,这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。” As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6)
介词in 后面加名词,正确答案是strength ,这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候,海洋温度上升,导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”较难的一个例子:Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法,用句子结构来判断,前面一句话,husbands and children now do some of these jobs ,这是一个完整的句子,主语husbands and children,谓语动词do ,宾语some of these jobs;后面的that 引导的是一个同位语从句,它所修饰的中心词就是a 后面需要填的词,而定语从句的中心词是名词,所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法,根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断,横线处应该填一个名词,而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation 。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了,这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。”
动词:动词的考点很多,我们来看其中三种:
1. 主语后缺谓语动词。举例说明: He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里,主语是he ,本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语,但是这里没有动词,而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers ,这样这句话就缺少谓语动词,所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid ,这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师,哭着回家,想要退学。” That ’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里,who___ in pain medicine是physicians 的定语从句,这个定语从句的主语是who ,后面也没有跟动词作谓语,而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine,因此横线上应该填一个动词,而physicians 是复数,这就决定了who 也是复数,这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize ,这句话的意思是“这就是为什么,越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”
2. 当出现“一个完整的句子 + ,____ + 名词/介词”的结构时,逗号后边的部分是伴随状语,表示伴随状态或者表示原因,应当填动词加ing 形式或动词加ed 形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系,填动词加ing 形式,当两者是被动关系,填动词加ed 形式。举例说明: The rainfall is increased across South
America, ___ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则,应该填动词ing 或动词ed ,选项中只有bringing 符合要求。从意思来看,bring “带来”与rainfall “降雨”之间是主动关系,即“the rainfall brings floods”,所以用bringing 无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。
3. 横线处如果填谓语动词,往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。举例说明: In particular, when older patients ___ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when 的从句里有主语patients 但没有谓语,因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were 和would 都是一般过去时,因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained 。
形容词:当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时,横线处通常填形容词。举例说明: The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most 后面加形容词,表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive 。
副词: 1. 当一句话完整的时候,句尾的空往往是副词。 举例说明: Today, we take pain _____. (07-6)这句话有主语we ,谓语lake ,宾语pain ,表达完整的意思,句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously 。
2. 当一句话出现“主语 + ___ + 谓语”的情况时,横线处通常填副词。 举例说明:In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs 。主语是students ,谓语是outperform ,两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently 。
仔细阅读题(选词填空) 解题技巧
一、题型揭秘
考生需要对该部分的测试重点有所了解,只有了解了测试重点复习才有针对性。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构,主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。本题型和原来的词汇题相比,更注重实际运用,从单一的一句话考查上升到篇章的理解。
这一题型要求我们对上下文有很好的理解,尤其是对上文的理解,要求比较高。 本题型考查的对象皆为实义词,主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词,所以要求我们熟知大学英语四级的积极词汇,熟知单词的词类和不同意思。由于考试的形式是选词填空,所以我们必须熟悉一些基本的语法知识,例如:词性的归纳(4种词性,名词、动词、形容词、副词) 、基于语法的判断(单复数、ing 形式等) 、常用搭配的掌握等。
选词填空对我们来说是难度较大的一道试题,具有较强的区分度,因此本节会详细讲解其答题方法和技巧。解答这一题型要做到三点:
1. 把握全文中心和作者态度;
2. 掌握段落之间联系;
3. 明确句子前后及内部逻辑关系。
二、解题步骤
第一步,跳读全文,抓住中心
由于本题型考查我们对篇章的理解,因此拿到题目后首先应该略读整篇文章,确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。文章大概在220~250词左右,用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。
第二步,阅读选项,按词性分类
选项中的15个单词是考查的关键,我们应该仔细理解这15个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义,不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性,然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。
第三步,瞻前顾后,灵活选择
词性分类之后,回到原文中,根据原文中空格前后的单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性,然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。
第四步,复读全文,谨慎调整
填空完成后,再次复读全文,检查上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题,也需要谨慎地微调。选词填空解题技巧选词填空对于众多考生而言,有一定的难度。命题人选择一篇长度在230个单词左右的文章,从中挖去10个
单词,文章后面提供15个备选项,要求考生选择合适的选项填入文章,使整篇文章能够通顺、流畅. 选词填空要求考生既要看懂文章的大意,又要认识并了解所列单词的词性和基本搭配。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构,主要考查考生对诸如:连贯性、一致性、逻辑关系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中运用的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构并具体细化到对每个单词的微观理解上面。其目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力,考查学生对文章的理解能力以及运用词汇和语法结构的能力。
根据其题型特点,考生要做到
1. 掌握词汇、语法、阅读等基础知识,并具有较强的语言综合运用能力。
2. 具备一定的词汇运用能力。大学英语教学要求学生具有识别生词和辨析词义的能力,要求学生能够辨析意义相近的词、用法相近的词。所以该题的干扰项往往会以同义词、近义词、反义词或形近异义词的形式出现。固定搭配以动词、形容词、副词、介词构成的居多,在选词填空中,主要以副词和介词为考点。这要求考生在平时的英语学习中,掌握主要的固定搭配和习惯用法,重视对结构和语法的掌握。
3. 具备语境逻辑判断能力。选词填空的一个主要方面是考查学生对某一段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的判断和把握,尤其是对句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解。这要求考生熟记表示列举、原因、结果、让步、递进、转折、对照、补充、时间、目的、条件等不同逻辑关系的连接词。
选词填空考查的是考生对文章的整体理解,因此选词填空题的解题步骤为
1. 跳读全文,把握大意。考生首先应快速通读全文,了解文章的中心思想,通过对文章的分析,把握文章的背景、主题,结合每段的首句和末句,把握文章的结构。
2. 阅读选项,词性分类。 接下来要仔细阅读选项。因为选项是单词,而非句子或语段,所以考试难度就大大下降了,考生应根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳,如:动词、名词、形容词等。
3. 前后结合,寻找线索。注意空格前后的结构和搭配,选择词性、单复数、
时态和意义均符合文章上下文要求的词填入空格处,特别要注意" 瞻前顾后" ,保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时在做题过程中可用排除法逐渐减少备选词汇。
4. 重读全文,查漏补缺,核实答案。选择完成后,考生必须将所选单词带入原文进行复读,确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值得提的是,如果考生觉得某些选项需要调整,只能进行谨慎微调,切忌将自己已做出的选
择全部推翻重选,那样做题效率会大大降低。
大学英语六级选词填空应试技巧 一、了解题型
选词填空又称15选10,在仔细阅读部分,是新增题型。试题文章长约200到250个单词,10个空格,备选词汇共15个,每个空格只准选用一个单词,每个词不能重复使用。备选词汇是名词,动词,形容词和副词,虚词不在考核范围内。
二、应试方法及步骤 中华考试网
1、按照词缀准确判断15个单词的词性, 将同一词性的备选单词归为一组,如果遇到动词还可以按照时态进行第二次分类, 尽量将15个单词的类别分得越细越好。
2、只读试题所在的原句,通过前后词判断空内应填入词性和语法属性,通过上下句判断时态,回到相对应的词性组选择单词,如果遇到动词则需注意时态。
3、本试题并不侧重考察同义词辨析和固定搭配,否则就是完型填空,因此,只要能判断试题所在的句子所需要的词性和语法属性就不难找到正确答案。
4、未必要按顺序作题,因为本来就无须了解文章的意思,只读句子,遇到哪个简单就先做哪个,难的放到后面做,因为备选范围在不断缩小。
5、正确答案应满足语法和词性要求,句意通顺。
大学英语六级选词填空应试技巧PPT
设题原则:
设题原则是首句不设空,而且通常情况下此句是总体句,弄清此句有利
于理解全文。一句话中不设两空,设空比较均匀,基本覆盖全文。 选项特点:
◆ 10个空格考察的全部是实词,
◆ 词性分配的基本比例:
◆ 3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案
◆ 3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案
◆ 3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案
◆ 1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。
◆ 选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。
通读要居高临下,花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。这样就能一眼就能看出短文的主要内容,心里有了底,再读文章就轻松多了。
? 第二步:整理选项 (1分钟)
目前四级考试只考实词中的四种:名词n , 动词v ,形容词 adj ,副词adv
? a. 不认识的单词看词缀(见后面附表)
? b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性
? 比如:must ,most 均可做名词do the most you can
动词归类要细分为v ,v+ed, v+ing。
因为一个空可以填动词,但填原形还是过去式还是ing 形式要自己根据语法判断。 甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语
? 2)一个单词有多个词性时,要在不同分类中都标出。
? 3)如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时,往往有一个是干扰选项,它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解,要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。 ? 4)如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:
? ① 动词:
? a )前后都是名词短语,中间一般为动词(时态看前后文)。
? b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词
? c )一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 ? ② 名词:
? a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。
? b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词
? 例:The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms. (49可能是形容词,也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms ) ? c. 限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词
? d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语
? e. 介词后面必有名词
? ③. 副词修饰形容词或动词
常见后缀:
-sion ,-tion ,如:starvation ,attraction ,profession
-ity ,如:quality ,diversity
常见动词后缀:
-ate ,如:estimate ,generate
-en ,如:widen ,worsen
常见形容词后缀:
-able ,如:stable ,affordable
-tive ,-sive ,如:destructive ,excessive ,sensitive
-ous ,如:unconscious ,enormous
常见副词后缀:
-ly ,如:deliberately ,completely ,remarkably ,
记背选词填空选项的重点范围:
1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词
2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项,仔细阅读态度题的选项
3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇