范文一:主谓一致语法总结
主谓一致语法总结
----安顺一中曹方平供稿
一. 就近原则:在 not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中,谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例: 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.
2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.
二. 集合名词做主语,指成员时,谓语用复数;指团体,组织时,谓语用单数:如:class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例: 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .
2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .
三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例: 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.
2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)
四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例: 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class.
2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .
但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。
例: None of them are / is interested in local music.
另外:当 every, each, no 做定语时,即使用and 连接两个主语,谓语也用单数。
例: 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now.
2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment.
3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place .
4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语,谓语由主语they 确定)
五. 当主语表示时间,重量,距离,价格时,谓语动词用单数。
例: 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航) 。
2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .
但算式做主语时,谓语用单数,复数都可以。
例: 1.Four times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .)
六. 当主语是一个从句,不定式或动名词时,谓语一般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时,动词则用复数,表示不同的两件事。
例: 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me . (他成功或失败与我无关)
2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage.
3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.
另外:当 what, all (that) 或such 引导的句子做主语时,谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.
例: 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries.
2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes .
3.Such are the things I often do in a day.
4.Such is my best friend Mary.
七. 当一个复数名词用做书名,人名,学科名或报刊名时,谓语用单数。
例: 1.Guiliver's Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .( 格列佛游记 )
2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . (泰晤士报)
八. 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时,从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
例: 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.
2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540's / 1540s.
九. 在强调句中,强调主语时,后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。
例: 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .
其强调句为: It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .
十.几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。
A. 当and 与 both …and …连接两个主语时,一般用复数的谓语。但如果由and 并列的两个主语是指同一人时,此时后面一个主语没有冠词,其谓语用单数,表示一 个人具有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词,则表示两个人,谓语则用复数。
例: 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture .
2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.
B. " the +形容词 / 分词 " 做主语表一类人时,谓语一般用复数;但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。
例: 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now .
2..She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table .
3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad .
4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears
C . many 修饰主语时,谓语用复数。但 "many a… , more than one +单数名词" (意为" 不只一个" ),虽说具有复数意义,但谓语仍用单数。
例: 1.Many students have made that mistake before .
2.Many a student has made that mistake before .
3.More than one student has made that mistake before .
D. 当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时, 谓语一般用复数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时,谓语用单数。
例: 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident .
2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .
主谓一致专练
1.----_______ either he or I proud of the job ?
-----Neither he nor you __________.
A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is
2. A knife and fork ______ lying on the floor .
A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees
3.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,____burnt last night .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4 .I, who _____ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲伤).
A. was B. are C. is D. am
5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Some person ______asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .
A. will be B. is being C. is D. are
7.The rest of the novel _______ very wonderful and instructive .
A. were B. are C. is D. seem
8.Every means ______ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.
A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were
9.What I want ______ an interesting book while what he expects _____ two cups of coffee .
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
10.A teacher, together with four students, ______ sent to help with this research the next week .
A. was B. has C. were D. are
11.He lost one of the books which ______borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. were B. was C. had D. have
12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, ________a party at home now.
A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding
13.The 26th Olympic Games ______ held successfully .
A. is B. will be C. are D. were
14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
15.On each side of the road ________ a lot of tall trees .
A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing
16.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time .
A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed
17.When and where to build the new first aid center _______ yet.
A. hasn't been decided B. doesn't decided
C. haven't been decided D. aren't decided
18.The United Nations _________ in 1959 .
A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded
19.Each teacher and each scientist _______ invited to take part in the conference.
A. are B. was C. has D. were
20.One and a half apples _______ left on the table .
A. are B. is C. has D. have
(参考答案:BACDB CCBAA ACDDC BADBA/B )
范文二:自己总结主谓一致语法
1. 就前一致原则
(1)名词1 +介词+ 名词2(? A group/line/list/array of+谓语?是量词做定语还是?如何区分量词定于形式)
名词1,插入语,B
名词+doing/done
(2)S[,插入语,]VO
(3)with, plus, along with, togather with,including ,as well as等紧随主语的情况下,谓语单复数由最前面的主语决定。
2. 就后一致的原则
(1)倒装句
倒装句的真实主语为动词后面的成分,根据该成分单复数确定动词单复数。
(2)or, either or, not only...but also.., neither…nor…, not...but...根据就近的名词形式选择谓语动词单复数。
(3)There be 句型(或here 句型)
There is A. 主语为A ,谓语用单数
There are A and B. 主语为A and B ,谓语用复数
(4)分数、百分数
分数或百分数+ of +单数名词或不可数名词:谓语动词用单数
分数或百分数+ of +复数名词:谓语动词用复数
(5)带量词结构的名词做主语,这时候量词是做定语修饰名词,谓语同主语。
a lot of/all of/most of/any of/some of/none of/rest of +名词
谓语单复数应该与主语名词的单复数一致。
但是:
a number of + 复数名词+谓语复数;the number of +复数名词+谓语单数。
3. 名词
(1)集合名词
audience, population, team, family, group, country,state, county, city ,community 在表示整体时均表示单数的概念,谓语动词应使用单数形式。
People (人,人们,是 person 的复数), cattle(牛群), police(警察们):其后的谓语动词用复数。(讲义需要找老师确认)
(2)学科名词用单数,以下s\cs\us结尾名词,是单数。
以s 结尾的词:means, species, news
以cs 结尾的词:physics, mathematics
以us 结尾的词:octopus (章鱼), platypus(鸭嘴兽), -saurus(恐龙)
(3)单复同形的词语,依据句子意思确定单复数。
fish 鱼,deer 鹿,sheep 绵羊,means 手段,species 物种, series 系列 如:
Every possible means has been tried. (单数)
All possible means have been tried.(复数)
(4)只有复数的词语,谓语用复数。
trousers 裤子,pants 裤子,shorts 短裤,glasses 眼镜,scissors 剪刀,shoes 鞋
(5)the+姓氏复数,表示“XX 一家”或“XX 夫妇”谓语用复数。
(6)AandB ;BothAandB+复数谓语
4. 表示时间、价格、长度的短语,或不定式、动名词短语或从句做主语,谓语用单数。如:
Fifty yuan is enough.
To do exercise is good.
Doing exercise is good.
What caused the accident remains unknown.
5. 固定用法
?P6manya ?
6.Each 用法:
Each+复数名(neither+复数名词):谓语动词用单数(此时each 为代词) 复数名词+each:谓语动词用复数(此时each 为副词)
7. 其他
(1)The + adj/doing/done谓语用复数。
某些形容词或分词前面加了定冠词后,可以泛指一类事物。此时,谓语动词应该使用复数。
例如——表示一类人:
The rich/poor/young/old/blind
The dying/injured/unemployed/wounded
(2)某些名词前面加了个定冠词之后,可以泛指一类事物。此时,谓语动词应该使用单数。 The horse has been replaced by the railroad
范文三:初中主谓一致语法总结
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初中主谓一致语法总结
学员姓名:_____________ 授课教师:_____________ 所授科目:_____________ 学员年级:_____________ 上课时间:____年____月____日____时____分至____时____分共____小时
在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致,这就是我
们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致
主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取
单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:
He often helps me learn English. .
My friends often help me learn English.
但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要
去具体地对待:
1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语
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动词用单数.
例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。
What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音
了.
2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone,
somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修
饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.但
none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要
取决于说话人的看法。
例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹
妹中没人喜欢运动.
Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣.
3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语
时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.
例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了
许多有趣的故事。
4、 a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语
作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.
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例如: The number of workers in the factory is00. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400.
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人.
5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应
看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语
时,谓语一般用复数.
例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.
A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业
的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作.
6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作
主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定
其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:a lot of, most of, any
of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of,
some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可
数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单
数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式
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作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.
例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱.
A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。
二、意义一致
这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时
主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是
复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式
上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语
依意义亦用单数形式.
1) 当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than,
rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语
动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。
在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身
的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是
状语.
例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周
末与学生们一起去野炊.
The students, together with their teacher , are
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going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这
个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里
是状语: The students are going to have a picnic
this weekend together with their teacher.
2) 表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时
期.
3) 形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单
数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.
例如: The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。
The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。
4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般
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根据语法一致的原则用复数。
但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。
5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词
用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的
有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government,
group, people, police, public, team等.
例如: The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球.
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞.
6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers,
pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主语时,谓语
动词用复数.
如:Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的.
但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单
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数.
如: This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.
三、就近原则
这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语
的词语保持一致.常出现在这类
句子中的连词有:or, either? or ?, neither?
nor ? ,not only? but also ?等.
例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我,就是他们要对那件
事的结局负责任.
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事.
常见考法
对于主谓一致的考查,通常会以单选的形式出现,多是
让我们选择合适的谓语动词。
典型例题:The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
解析:but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like
等词连接主语时,谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致,本
题中就是和The factory保持一致。而
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这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.
答案:D
误区提醒
主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎,在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错,所以我们必须把每一种用法记住,灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数,分数短语作主语的情况。
典型例题:Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV
now.
A. were B. is C. was D. are
解析:本题考查的是就近原则。either? or ?, neither? nor ? ,not only? but also ?连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时,排除A和C.
答案:B
英语主谓一致的易错点归纳
?不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Remember /To remember English words is not easy.
记英语单词不容易。
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Who will do the job hasn’t been decided yet. 谁
来做这项工作还没决定。
注:what引导主语从句时,如果其表语是复数形式,谓
语动词要用复数形式。如:
What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是
两本书。
?“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with,
as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in
addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的
短语”作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。
如: Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the
cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。
No one except the two boys was late for class. 除
了两个男孩外,没有一个人迟到。
Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out
the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露
的。
?“more than one/many a +单数名词”作主语时,谓
语动词用单数形式。如:
More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知
道这件事。
Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个
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事故中死了许多工人。
注:“More+复数名词 than one”作主语,谓语则用复数形式。如:
More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
?“一两个??”,用“one or two+名词复数”表达时,谓语用复数;用“a +名词单数or two”表达时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
One or two days are enough for them.
=A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。
?and连接两个名词一起作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:
Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。
但是,当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The teacher and writer has come. 那个教师兼作家已经来了。
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 奶油面包是西方的日常食物。
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A knife and fork is on the table. 有一副刀叉在桌
上。
注:当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no,each,
every, many a, more than one 等修饰时,谓语动词用单
数形式。如:
Many a teacher and many a student has seen the
film. 许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。
?不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone,
anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody,
nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each,
either 以及被each, every修饰的名词做主语,尽管有些
表达复数意义,但是,它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如:
Is everybody here today? 大家都到齐了吗,
Neither is good. 两本书都不好。
None knows the weight of another’s burden. 见人
挑担不吃力。
注:neither, none做主语时,口语中或非正式文字中,
谓语动词通常用复数,正式的书面语中用单数。如: Are/Is
neither of the teams playing this week? 这个星期两个
队中有哪一个队要进行比赛,
None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他
们中没有一个人去过长城。
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不过,none作主语,其表语是单数,谓语用单数;表语
是复数,谓语则用复数。
?在定语从句中,当关系代词 who, which或 that做
主语时,从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如:
The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的教师是英国人。
Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 这
些就是昨天买的书吗,
I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我,一个新教师,将教你们英语。
?“one of+名词复数”后面的定语从句, 谓语动词应
该用复数;而“the one of + 名词复数”后面的定语从句
的谓语应该用单数形式。如:
He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。
He is the one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试的那个学生。
?某些集体名词,如family, audience, class, club,
company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数
形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复单数形式。
如:
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My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
The family is rather big, with twelve people in all.
这个家庭很大,总共有12个人。
?当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语,把它看作一个整体时,谓语动词一般用单数。如: Surely 1minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了。
但若与pass, go by, spend, waste等连用时,谓语动词用复数。如:
Six months have passed, and we still have no news
of them. 六个月过去了,我们依然没有他们的消息
?由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语,如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses,
trousers, shorts等,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。
但带有pair这样的量词时,谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如:
That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。
?“分数+ of + 名词”以及 “all + of + 名词”做主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如:
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Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地表四分之三都是水。
Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。
All of my classmates like music. 我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。
All of the water is gone. 那些水全都没有了。
The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生都回家了。
The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的钱被人偷了。
?“a kind /sort / type of + 名词”做主语,谓语用单数形式;但“these kinds of + 名词”做主语,谓语则用复数形式。如:
This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。
Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop. 那个店里有许多种鞋出售。
注:“名词+ of a + kind ”做主语,谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如:
Book of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。
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Apples of these kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。
?在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语
一致。如:
On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两
幅大肖像。
Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教学楼。
?“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语时,
谓语动词用复数;“the number of +复数名词”意为 “??
的数目”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请的
人是五十个,但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。
?“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语,谓语动词的数与
名词的数一致;如:
A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短时间内造成了很大的损害。
A great amount of our investments are in property. 我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。 但
“ quantities /amounts of名词”作主语,谓语动词一般
用复数。如: Large amounts of money were spent on the
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bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量金钱。
?“a +单数名词+and a half”和“one and a half +
复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如: One and a
half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一
个半梨子。
主谓一致语法总结
----安顺一中曹方平供稿
一( 就近原则:在 not only?but also, not?but ,
neither?nor , either?or , there be? 句型中,谓语
动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例: 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.
2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.
二( 集合名词做主语,指成员时,谓语用复数;指团
体,组织时,谓语用单数:如:class , team, group, family, audience, government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee 等。
例: 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .
2.The team was an excellent one in the5th Olympic Games .
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三( 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时,谓语动词与
前面的主语一致。
例: 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.
2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.
四( 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any,
no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时,
谓语动词用单数。
例: 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class.
2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .
但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。
例: None of them are / is interested in local music.
另外:当 every, each, no 做定语时,即使用and 连
接两个主语,谓语也用单数。
例: 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now.
2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment.
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3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place .
4.They each have an English dictionary .
五.当主语表示时间,重量,距离,价格时,谓语动词
用单数。
例: 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage 。
2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .
但算式做主语时,谓语用单数,复数都可以。
例: 1.Four times five is / are twenty.
六( 当主语是一个从句,不定式或动名词时,谓语一
般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时,动词则
用复数,表示不同的两件事。
例: 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me .
2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage.
3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.
另外:当 what, all 或such 引导的句子做主语时,
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谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.
例: 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries.
2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes .
3.Such are the things I often do in a day.
4.Such is my best friend Mary.
七( 当一个复数名词用做书名,人名,学科名或报刊
名时,谓语用单数。
例: 1.Guiliver's Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .
2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies .
八( 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时,从句
的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
例: 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.
2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540's / 1540s.
九( 在强调句中,强调主语时,后面的动词还是由被
强调的主语来确定。
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例: 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .
其强调句为: It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .
十(几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。
A. 当and 与 both?and ?连接两个主语时,一般用复
数的谓语。但如果由and并列的两个主语是指同一人时,此
时后面一个主语没有冠词,其谓语用单数,表示一 个人具
有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词,则表示两个人,谓语
则用复数。
例: 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture .
2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.
B. " the +形容词 / 分词 "做主语表一类人时,谓
语一般用复数;但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。
例: 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now .
2..She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table .
3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad .
4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and
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I was moved to tears
C( many 修饰主语时,谓语用复数。但 "many a? ,
more than one +单数名词",虽说具有复数意义,但谓语仍
用单数。
例: 1.Many students have made that mistake before .
2.Many a student has made that mistake before .
3.More than one student has made that mistake before .
D. 当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时, 谓语一般用复
数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时,谓语用单数。
例: 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident .
2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .
主谓一致专练
1(----_______ either he or I proud of the job ?
-----Neither he nor you __________.
A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is
2. A knife and fork ______ lying on the floor .
A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees
3.The factory, including its equipments and
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buildings ,____burnt last night .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
.I, who _____ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows .
A. was B. are C. is D. am
5. Over0 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Some person ______asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .
A. will be B. is being C. is D. are
7.The rest of the novel _______ very wonderful and instructive .
A. were B. are C. is D. seem
8.Every means ______ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.
A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were
9.What I want ______ an interesting book while what he expects _____ two cups of coffee .
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
10.A teacher, together with four students, ______ sent to help with this research the next week .
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A. was B. has C. were D. are
11.He lost one of the books which ______borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. were B. was C. had D. have
12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, ________a party at home now.
A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding
13.The6th Olympic Games ______ held successfully .
A. is B. will be C. are D. were
14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
15.On each side of the road ________ a lot of tall trees .
A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing
16.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time .
A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed
17.When and where to build the new first aid center _______ yet.
A. hasn't been decided B. doesn't decided
C. haven't been decided D. aren't decided
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18.The United Nations _________ in 195.
A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was
founded
19.Each teacher and each scientist _______ invited
to take part in the conference.
A. are B. was C. has D. were
20.One and a half apples _______ left on the table .
A. are B. is C. has D. have
第四讲 主谓一致
一、考点、热点回顾
、主谓一致的定义
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保
持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are, were, have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is, was, has, works等。
它通常依据三项原则:
1) 语法一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复
数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它
的词语,
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语法上一致
就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。因此
也成为形式一致原则。
1(he likes English.
2(we all like English
1.由and连接的两个主语
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语
动词用复数。
E.g: My English teacher and my class-teacher are
talking with each other.
如果指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候,
谓语要用单数。
E.g: My English teacher and class-teacher is Miss
Wang.
※由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each,
every, more than a ,a 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数
形式。
E.g: Many a boy and many a girl
Every boy and every girl
Each boy and each girlwants to see the film.
No boy and no girl
More than a boy and more than a girl
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2. 如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时
候,谓语动词用单数。
他正在做的事情看起来很重要。
What he is doing seems very important. 收集
邮票是他的爱好。
Collecting stamps is his hobby.
※由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况
用单数形式,
但若?在主系表结结构中表语是复数
What he left to me were some books.
? wh-从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的
谓语动词用复数形式。
What caused the accident and who was responsible
for it remain a mystery to me.
What he thought and did at home have nothing to do
with this problem.
many
3、 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but,besides,
in addition to, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, including等引起的短语,谓语动
词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
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as well as
together with / along with
Tim besides/ except/but/in addition to like
including
rather than
4. 在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作
主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:1) He is one of my friends who are working hard.
2) He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单
数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些
词有family, class, police, team, group, nation, government,等。 The class is the best one in the class.
The family is a happy one.
The family are music lovers.
6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest
of, the majority of , the rest of, most of + 名词”
构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主
语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
1) There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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2) The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
注意:
a number of “许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;
the number of “??的数量”,修饰可数名词单数或可数名词复数,主语是number,谓语用单数。
7. people, cattle 作主语是,谓语动词只能用复数。
The cattle are eating the grass.
8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
1) There comes the bus.
2) On the wall are many pictures.
所谓概念一致原则
是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 形复意单名词如: news; 以ics结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及 the United Nations 等作主语; 谓语动词要用单数.
2. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a pair of等
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量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
My shoes is dirty.
The pair of shoes looks beautifull. I like it very
much.
3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数
作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名
词在概念上是一个整体.
100 miles is a long distance.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen by a thief.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语
时,其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。 One and a half apples is left on the table.
4. 算式中表示数目的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动
词采用单数形式。
1)Twelve plus eight is twenty.
2) Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
5. a kind of ,a pair of , a series of, a set of,
a crowd of+可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1) A series of TV show is instructive .
2) This kind of men is dangerous.
注意: Men of this kind are dangerous .
6. 单复同形的名词,如: means, sheep, deer, species,
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aircraft, series, works,Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese 等作主语表复数意义时,谓语动词用复数。 反
之,谓语动词用单数。
1) Every means has been tried .
2) All possible means have been tried .
7. 如果主语由“the + 形容词”结构担任时,谓语通常
用复数;这类词有:
the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young,
the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb等
就近一致
1. There be 句型
Be 可以由exist/ stand/ lie/ seem 代替
There has been a book
There have been books.
2. 用连词 or, either?or, neither?nor, not
only?but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的
主语在数上一致.
Not only the students but also Miss Wang likes English.
Neither the students nor Miss Wang likes English.
Either the students or Miss Wang likes English.
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三、课后练习
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year00______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it B. are; them
C. was; it D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
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A. is exploited B. are exploited
C. had exploited D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be
C. is D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching B. is watching
C. is seeing D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was B. were
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C. have been D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young
people on their way to the village.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved B. is not preserved
C. were preserved D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have B. had C. have been D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be B. / C. is D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth?s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering
C. were covered D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being B. are C. was D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
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A. are B. is C. am D. were
21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite?s history.
A. have told B. tells
C. were told D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were B. are C. is D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A. are tellingB. is telling C. are given D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away B. rot away
C. has rotted away D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known B. knows
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C. is known D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were B. has been
C. had been D. was
28. “ Have you all studied the passage?Using the Mind against Disease?,”
“______ .”
A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing B. were advanced
C. was advancing D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy B. were enjoying
C. enjoys D. enjoy
1.解析:选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不
加-s
2. 解析:选D. 当either ?or 连接两个并列主语时,
句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+
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不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
3. 解析:选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词,其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.
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范文四:初中主谓一致语法总结(范本)
初中主谓一致语法总结 ?
初中主谓一致语法总结?
?篇一:
?初中语法主谓一致和?倒装知识点总结 授 课? 教 案 学员姓名:?
_____________ ?授课教师:?
____________?_ ?所授科目:
_________?____ ?学员年级:?
_____________ ?上课时间:?
____?年____月____?日____时____?分至____时____?分共____小时 ?
? 篇二:
?初中英语知识点总结:?
主谓一致 ?在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、?复数形式上?必须和主语保持一致,这就是我? 们通常说的“主谓一致?”。这一点看?似简单,但在实际运用中却常常?遇到麻烦。一般情况下?,主谓之间的?一致关系由以下三个原则的支配?:?
语法一致原则、? 意义一致原则和就近原则。?
一、语法一致? 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓?语从语法形式上取得?
一致?:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取? 单数形式;?主语是复数形式,谓语?亦采取复数形式.例如?: He ften helps me ?learn Engl?ish. (?主语是单数形式?,谓语也采取单数形式?) . My friends ft?en help me? learn ?English. (?主语是复数形式?,谓语也采取复数形式?) 但主语和谓语从?语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述?的那么简单?,有许多方?面的情况需要 去具体地对待?:
1、不定式?,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单??数,谓语动词用单数. ?例如: Reading alud is? helpful t? learn Eng?lish.?大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。? hat he sa?id has bee?n recrded ?.?他说的话已被录音了. ?
2、不定代词?ne, every, each, ev?erybdy, ev?eryne, ne ?f, n ne, ?
nthing, nbd?y, smene, ?smebdy, ei?ther, neit?her, many ?a ?等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数?,谓语动词用单数?.但 nne ?作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用?复数?,这要取决于说话人的看法。? 例如:Neither f m?y sisters ?likes sprt??s .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动?. Every by and g?irl shs gr?eat intere?st in this? bk .?每个男孩和?女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣?.
?3、表示国家,机构,事件?,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作??单数,谓语动词用单数. ?例如: ne Thusand And? ne Nights?? tells peple lts f i?nteresting? stries . ?《一千零一夜》给人们?讲了许?多有趣的故事。 ?
4、 a kind f, the? number f?等?与名词构成名词短语作主语时应?看作单数,谓语动词用单数?. 例如: The numb?er f rkers? in the ?factry is 40?0. ?这个工厂里工人的数量是?400. A kind f rs?e in the ?garden smel?ls very pl?easant.?这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡?人?.
5、由sme, severa??l, bth, fe, many, a ?number f ?等词修饰主语?,或是由它们自身作主语时应? 看作复数?,谓语动词用复数?.另外,由and连接两个主语时?,谓语一般用复数?. 例如: n the seas?hre, sme p?eple ?are playing vll?eyball ?海边,有些人在打排球。? Bth f us ar?e fnd ?f atching ftba?ll games .?我们俩都喜欢看足球赛?. A number? f ill-be ?graduates ?are vlunta?rily ging ?t rk in th?e est f Ch?ina. ?许多即将毕业? 的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作?.
6?、有些表示数量的百分数?,分数等后面加?名词或代词作主语时,要?根据这个名词或代词来决定? 其谓语动词的单复数形式?.如:a lt f, ?mst f, any f, ?half f , t?hree fifth??s f, eighty percent ?f, sme ?f, nne f, the? rest f , ?all f?等后接不可数名词?,或是单数形式的?名词作主语时应看作单? 数,谓语动词用单数?;但如果后接可数名词的?复数形式作主语时应看作复数?,谓语动词用复数?. 例如: A lt f mney? ?in the sh?p as stlen yesterday?. ?昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱?. A lt ?f students are frm ?England in? the schl.?那个学校里很多学生来??自英国。
二、意义一致? 这一原则是指?,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题?.有
时主语形式上为单数?,但意义上却是? 复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数?
形式?;而有时主语形式上为复数?,但意义上却是单数?,那么谓语 依意?义亦用单数形式. 1) ?当主语后面接由but, except?, besides ?,as ell ?as, as much ?as, includ?ing,mre th?an,n less ?than, rath?er than, ?tgether ith?等引导的词组时?,其谓语动词的单复数形式通?常由前面?的词来决定。 ?在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影?响主语自身?的单,复数形式?,它们在句子里其实是? 状语. 例如: The teach?er, ?ith all his stud?ents, is g?ing t have? a picnic ?this eeken?d.?老师打算这个周 末与学生们一起去野炊?. The stud?ents, tget?her ?ith their teache?r , are gi?ng t have ?a picnic t?his eekend?.?学生们打算这 个周末与他们的老师一起去?野炊?. 我们完全可以将上面?句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是?放到句末去?,因为它们在句子?里 是状语: The studen?ts are gin?g t have a? picnic th?is eekend ?tgether it?h their te?acher. 2) ?表示时间?,金钱,距离,?体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时?,,谓语动词常用单数形?式。如:?
Eight hurs ?f sleep is? enugh. ?八小时的睡眠足够了。? Tenty ?years stands fr? a lng per?id in ne s? life. ?二十年在人的一生里?意味着一个很长的时? 期. 3) ?形容词前加定冠词即? the + 形容词? 作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概?念应看作单? 数,谓语动词用单?数;指一类人则应该看作是复数?,那么谓语动词也应该用复??数. 例如: The sick here? are very ?ell cared ?fr. ?这里的病人都被照顾得很?好。 The true is ?t be disti?nguished f?rm the fal?se. ?真实与虚假应加以区别。? 4)由and ?连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动?词?一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。? 但如果在意义上指同一个人、?同?一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数?形式。? 如:
The riter ?and teache?r is ing. ?那位作家兼教师来了。?(?作家和教师指同一个人?) The riter and the? teacher a?re ing. ?作家和老?师来了。(作家和老师是两个人?) 5)集体名词作主语时?,谓语动词的数?取决于主语的意义?:主语表示整体时视为单数?,谓语动词 ?用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为?复数?,谓语动词用复数?.这类集体名词常见的 ?有:army, class, club?, crd, fam?ily, gvern?ment, grup?, ?
peple, plice, publ?ic, team?等. ?例如: The family are ?all fnd f ?ftball. ?那一家人都喜欢足球?. The family ?is the tin?iest cell ?f ?the sciety. ?家庭是社会的最小的细胞?. 6)一些形式为复数?,意思为?单数的名词,如:trusers, pan?ts, shrts,?glasses, ?等作主语时?,谓语 动词用复数?. 如:Her glasses a?re ne. ?她的眼镜是新的?. 但当这类?名词前有a pair f ?修饰时,谓语动词应用单数?. 如: This pair ?f ?trusers ?is made in Hangzhu. ? ?
三、就近原则 这一原则是指?,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最?近作主?语的词语保持一致?.常出现在这类 句子中的连词有?:r, either?? r ??, neither?? nr ? ,nt nly?? but als ??等. 例如: Either I? r ?they are respnsib?le fr the ?result f t?he matter.? ?不是我,就是他们要对那件? 事的结局负责任?. Neither his famil?y nr he kn?s ?anything abut it. ?他全家人和他都不知道?那件事?. 常见考法 对于?主谓一致的考查,通常会以单选的形式出?现,多是让我们选择合?适的?谓语动词。 典型例题:?
The factry, i?ncluding i?ts machine?s and buil?dings, ?
__________ bu?rnt last n?ight. A. i?s B. are C?. ere D. a?s ?解析:
but, except?, besides,? ith, tget??her ith, alng ith, i?ncluding, ?as ell as,? rather th?an, like ?等词连接主语时,谓语动?词和前面?的主语保持一致?,本题中就是和Th?e factry保持一致。而? 这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自?身的单?,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状?
语. ?答案:
D ?误区提醒 主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎,?在运用中常会因为考?
虑不全面而出错,所以我?们必须把每一种用法记?住,灵活运用。尤其?
要注意就近原则、集体名?词和百分数?,分数短语作主语的情况。? 典型例题:?
Either Jane r? Steven __?___ atchin?g TV n. A.? ere B. is? C. as ?D. are ?解析:
?本题考查的是就近原则。?either? r ??, neither?? nr ? ,nt ?nly? but als ??连接两个主语时,谓语动词的?人称和数常常与最近?
作主语的词语保持一致。?本题中就是和?Steven?保持一致。有n.可知?
是现在进行时,排除?A和C. 答案:
B ?
?篇三:?
初中英语语法详解与训练——?英语主谓一致的易错点?归纳? 英语主谓一致的易错点归纳? ?不定式短语、动词?-ing形?式或名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式?。如:?
Remember /T ?remember E?nglish rds? is nt eas?y. ?记英语单词不容易。? h ill d the jb ha?sn?’t been decided ye?t. ?谁来做这项工作还没决定。? 注:
hat?引导主语从句时,如果其表语是复?数形式,谓语动词要用?复?数形式。如:
hat he t?k ith him ?ere t bks.? ?他带去的是两本书。 ??“名词或代词+由ith, tgeth?er ith, al?ng ith, as? ell as, b?esides, ?but ,except,? including?, in addit?in t, like?, n less t?han, rathe?r ?than等引起的短语”作主语时,谓语?动词与前面的名词或代?词的数?一致。如:
Mr Li t?gether ith? his t sns? has gne t? the cinem?a. ?李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。? N ne excep?t the t by?s as late ?fr ?class. 除了两个男孩外,没有??一个人迟到。 Li Ming, rath?er than ?his classmat?es, has le?t ut the s?ecret. ?是李明透露了那个消息?
而不是他的同学透露的。? ?“?mre than ne/many a ?+?单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式?。如:?
Mre than ne ?persn has ?knn it. ?不止一个人知道这件事。? Many ?a rker as kille?d in the a?ccident. ?在这个事故中死了许多工?人。? 注:
“Mre+?复数名词 than ne?”作主语,谓语则用复数形式。?如:?
Mre persns th?an ne have? knn it. ?不止一个人知道这件事。? ??“一两个??”,用“?ne r t+名词复数”表达时,谓语?用复数;用“?a(an) ?+名词单数r t”表达时,谓语动词用?单数形式。如:?
? ne r t days are en?ugh fr the?m. =A day ?r t is enu?gh fr them?. ?
给他们一两天时间足够了。? ?and连接两个名词一起作主语?时,谓?语动词一般用复数形式。如:?
Lily and ?Kite are k??ind t me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好?。? 但是,当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物?、同一概念或一个完整?的东西时?(其特征是and?后的名词前无任何冠词?) ,谓语动词用单数形式。如:?
The teac?her and ri?ter has e.? ?那个教师兼作家已经来了。? (The teacher and? the riter? have e. ?那个教师和那个作家都到?来了。?) Bread and butte?r is a dai?ly fd in t?he est. ?奶油面包是西方的?日常食物。? A knife and frk is? n the tab?le. ?有一副刀叉在桌上。? 注:
?当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有?n,each, every?, many a, ?mre ?than ne ?等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:?
Many a? teacher a?nd many a ?student ha?s seen the? film. ?许多教师和学生都看过这部电?影。? ?不定代词ne, n ne, th?e ther, ?anther, anyn?e, anybdy,? smene, sm?ebdy, ever?yne, every?bdy, nbdy,? ?anything,? smething, everythin?g, nthing,? each, eit?her ?以及被each, every?修饰的名词做主语,尽管有?些表达复数意义,但是?,它?们的谓语应该用单数形式。如:?
Is everyb?dy here td?ay? ?大家都到齐了吗,? Neither (bk) is g?d. ?两本书都不好。 Nne kns t?he eight f? anther?’s burden. ?见人挑?担不吃力。 注:
neither?, nne?做主语时,?口语中或非正式文字中,谓语动词通常?
用复数,正式的书面语中用单?数。如:?
Are/Is neit?her f the ?teams play?ing this e?ek? ?这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行?比赛,? Nne f them has/h?ave been t? the ?Great all. ?他们中没有一个人去过长城。? 不过,?nne作主语,其表?语是单数,谓语用单数;表语是复数,谓?语则用复数。? ?在定语从?句中,当关系代词 h, hich?或 that?做主语时,从句中的谓语动词应?
该与先行词保持一致。如:? ?
The teacher h t?eaches us ?English is? frm Engla?nd. ?教我们英语的?教师是英国人。 Are these th?e bks that? ere bught? yesterday?? ?
这些就是昨天买的书吗,? I, h am a ne tea?cher, ill ?teach yu ?English. ?我,一个新教师,将教你们?英语。? ?“ne f+?名词复数”后面的定语从句,? 谓语动词应该用复数;而“?the (nly) ne ?f + ?名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语应?该用单数形式。如:?
He is ?ne f the s?tudents th?at have pa?ssed the e?xam ?他是通过了考试的学生之一。? He is the (n??ly) ne f the student?s that has? ?passed the exam. ?他就是通过考试的那个学生?。? ?某些集体名词,如?family, a?udience, class, club?, pany, cr?e, enemy, ?gvernment,? ?grup, party, public?, team?等作主语时,如果作为一个整体?看待,?谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个?个成员而言,谓语动词?用复单?数形式。如:
My fam?ily are al?l fnd f gi?ng t the c?inema. ?我全家?都爱看电影。 The family is? rather bi?g, ith tel?ve peple i?n all. ?这个家庭很大,总共有?12个人。? ?当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的?
复数名词作主语,把它看?作一个整体时,谓语动?词一般用单数。如:?
Surely? 15 minute?s is enugh? time fr y??u t have a cffee. ?你喝杯咖啡?15分钟当然足够了。? 但若与pass, g by, s?pend, aste?等?连用时,谓语动词用复数。如:?
Six mnths ?have passe?d, and e s?till have ?n nes f th?em. ?六个月过去了,我们依然没有他们的??消息 ?由两个部分构成一个整体?的物品名词做主语,如?shes, glasses, ?bts, scks,? scissrs, ?passes, ?trusers, shr??ts等,谓语通常用复数形式。如:?
His truse?rs are ne.? ?他的裤子是新的。 但带有?pair这样的?量词时,谓语要与量词?的数保持一致。如:
That p?air f trus?ers as sld? ut. ?那条裤子卖出去了。? ?“分数(百分数)?+ f + 名词”以及? “all (mst, sme?, any, hal?f, a lt, ?part, the r?est) + f +? ?名词”做主语时,谓语动词的数与?f后的名词的数一致。如:?
Three-f?urths f th?e surface ?f the eart?h is ater.? ?地表四分之三都是水。? Tenty percent f th?e ranges a?re bad. ?这桔子百分?之二十都坏了。 All f my ?classmates? like musi?c. ?我们所有的同
学都喜欢音乐。? All f the ate?r is gne. ?那些水全都没有了。? The ?rest f the stude?nts have g?ne hme. ?其余?的学生都回家了。 The rest ?f the mney a?s stlen. ?其作的钱被人偷了。? ?“?a (the, this, that)? ?kind /srt / type f ?+ ?名词”做主语,谓语用单数形式;但“?these ?(thse, all, man?y, sme) ki?nds f + ?名词”做主语,谓语则用复?数?形式。如:
This kind? f bk is u?seful fr u?s. ?这种书对我们很用。? Many kinds f shes? are n sal?e in that ?shp. ?那个店里有许多种鞋出售。? 注: ?
“名词+ f a (the, t?his, that,? these, th?se, all, s?me, many?等) + kind(s)? ?”做主语,谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一?致。如:?
Bk f this k?ind is use?ful fr us.? ?这种书对我们有用。 Apples ?f these kind?s are sur.? ?这种苹果是酸的。 ?在主谓倒装的句子中?
,谓语动词的数应与其?后的主语一致。如:?
n the ?all hang t? large prt?raits. ?墙上挂着两幅大肖像。? Beteen the t? rs f tree?s stands t?he teachin?g building?. ?要两排树之间是教学楼。? ?“a number f +?复数名词”意为“许多”,?作主?语时,谓语动词用复数;“?the number f +?复数名词”意为? “??的数目”,作主语时,谓?语动词用单数。如:?
The nu?mber f pep?le invited? as fifty,? but a num?ber f them? ?ere absent fr diffe?rent reasn?s. ?被邀请的人是五十个,但由许多?
人由于不同原因缺席了。? ?“?a lt f /lts f /plen?ty f /a la??rge quanti?ty f /a large amunt ?f +?名词”作主语,谓语动词的数与名?
词的数一致;如:?
A large a?munt f dam?age as dne? in a very? shrt time?. ?在短时间内造成了很大的损害。? A great amunt? f ur inve?stments ar?e in ?prperty. ?我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。? 但“?(large /huge) ?quantities /am?unts f?名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用?复数。如:?
?Large amunts f mney ?ere spent ?n the brid?ge. ?那座桥耗费了大量金钱。? ?“a +?单数名词+and a half?”和“ne and a ha?lf +?复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数?形式。如:?
ne and a h?alf pears ?has been l?eft n the ?table. ?盘子里剩?下一个半梨子。篇四:?
主谓一致语法总结? 主谓一致语法总结? ----安顺一中曹方平供稿? 一( 就近原则:?
在 nt nly??but als, nt??but , neit?her??nr , either??r , there ?be? 句型中,谓语动词由相?邻的主语来确定。? 例:?
1.Nt nly they b?ut als I a?m ging t c?llect mney?? fr the Hpe Prject. ?
?
2.Either yu r Jac?k is abut ?t take the? place f t?he manager?. ?二( 集合名词做主语,指成员时,谓语?用复数;指团体,组织?时,?谓语用单数:
?如:
class , team?, grup, fa??mily, audience(?听众), gvernment,? pany, ?crd, public, ?enemy, mit?tee(?委员会) 等?。 例:
1.The class ?are busy r?king n the? exercises? at the mm?ent . ?
2?.The team as an exce?llent ne i?n the 25th? lympic Ga?mes . ?三( 当两个名词用? ith, tgether i??th, as ell as, rathe?r than, mr?e ?than, but, except,? besides, ?alng ith, ?including,? like ?等连接起来做主语时,谓语动词?与前面的主语一致。? 例:?
1.Jackie, ith ?his parent?s, intends? t set ut ?fr Eurpe n? ?business next eek. ? ?
2.The sn, rather ?than his p?arents, is? respnsibl?e fr the f?ire ?accident.(?对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母?) ?四( 当 each, ?neither, either ?以及由? every, any, n, sm?e ?与 ne, bdy, thing ?构成的不定代词做主语时?,谓语动词用单数。? 例:?
1.Each f the g?irls is fn?d f pp mus?ic in her ?class. ?
2.Smene is? expecting? yu at the? schl gate?? . 但 nne 做主语时?
谓语用单复数都行。? 例:
Nne f them? are / is ?interested? in lcal m?usic. ?另外:
?当 every, each, n ?做定语时,即使用?and ?连接两个主语,谓语?也用单数。 例:
?
1.Each student is? preparing? fr the fi?nal examin?atin n. ?
2.Every b??y and every girl is ?prud f the? result f ?the ?experiment. ?
3.N teacher? and n stu??dent is admitted t e?nter the p?lace . ?
4.They ea?ch have an? English d?ictinary .?(?此句中each 做同?位语,谓语由主语they?确定) 五.当主语表示时间,重量,?距离,价?格时,谓语动词用单数。? 例:
1.Five h?undred dll?ars is qui?te enugh f?r the retu??rn vyage (?返航)。
2.Seven kilm?eters as c?vered in t? hurs . ?但算式做主语时,谓?语用单数,复数都可以。? 例:?
1.Fur times fiv?e is / are? tenty. ( ?Fur times ?five make ?/makes ?tenty .) ?六( 当主语是一个从句,不定?式或动名词时,谓语一?般用?单数。但由 and ?连接两个不定式或动名词时,动词则用复?数,表示?不同的两件事。? 例:
1.hether he ??succeeds r fails des?n t cncern? me . (?他成功或?失败与我无关)
2.Simmin?g in the Y?angtze Riv?er needs g?reat curag?e. ?
3.T say smethi?ng is ne t?hing, t d ?it is anth?er. ?
4.T play bas?ketball an?d t g simm?ing are f ?great use ?fr ?character-trainin?g. ?另外:
当? hat, all (that) ?或such ?引导的句子做主语时,谓语用单数?
或复数应看后面的表语来??确定. 例:
1.hat he a?nts is sme? advice n ?h t learn ?English, h?ile hat he? ?lks frard t are sme? English d?ictinaries?. ?
2.All that they? ask fr ar?e vegetabl?es, fruits? , quilts ?and ?clthes . ?
3.Such are the? things I ?ften d in ?a day. ?
4.Such is? my best f?riend Mary?. ?七( 当一个复数名词用做书?名,人名,学科名或报刊名时,谓??语用单数。 例:
1.Guiliv?er s Trave?ls is a nv?el ritten ?by Jnathan? Sift .?( 格列佛游记? )
2.The Time?s is a ver?y helpful ?nespaper f?r ur studi?es . ?(泰晤士报)? 八( 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当?主语时,从句的谓?
语应与先行词保持一致。? 例:?
1.She is the n?ly ne f th?e students? h has pas??sed the examinatin. ?
?
2.They tld us sme?thing abut? the huses? hich ere ?built in t??he 1540 s / 1540s. ?九(? 在强调句中,强调主语时,后面的动词还?是?由被强调的主语来确定。? 例:
1.I am in t?he search ?fr my miss?ing gld ri?ng . ?其强调句为:?
It is I h am i?n the sear?ch fr my m?issing gld? ring . ?十(?几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。? A. 当?and 与 bth??and ?连接两个主语时,一般用复数的?谓语。但如果由?and?并列的两个主语是指同一人时,此时后面一个?主语没有冠词,其谓语?用单数,表示一? 个人具有双重身份。若后一?个名词前有冠词,则表?示两个人,谓语则用?
复数。? 例:
1.The teach?er and rit?er is givi?ng the bys?? a very nderful ?lecture . ?
2.The teach?er and the? singer ar?e talking ?in the hal?l. B. the ?+?形容词 / 分词 做主语表一类人时,谓?语一般用复数;但? the rest ?要看它代表的东西来确定。? ?例:
1.The unded a??re being dne first a?id beside ?the rad n ?. ?
2..She has take?n sme f th?e vegetabl?es. The re??st are still n ?the table . ?
3.He has e?aten up sm?e f the ch?eese . The? rest has ?gne bad . ?
?
4.The rest f the? stry as n?derfully m?ving and I? as mved t? tears ?C( ?many 修饰主语时,谓语用复数。但? many a?? , mre than ne? +?单数名词 (意为 ?不只一个 ),虽说具有复数意义,但谓语?仍用单数。? 例:
1.Many s?tudents ha?ve made th?at mistake?? befre .
2.Many a? student h?as made th?at mistake? befre . ?
3.Mre th?an ne stud?ent has ma?de that mi?stake befr?e . D. ?当trusers, she?s, glasses?, clthes, ?scks, glve?s?等由两个部分构成的?物品做主语时, 谓语一般用复数。但若与? a pair f, ?a kind f ?等连用时,谓语用单数。? ?例:
1.His trusers? are trn i?nt pieces ?in the bik?e accident? . ?
2.This pair f ?trusers be?lngs t my ?sister . M?ine are be?ing ashed ?. (?转 载于:.SmHaIDA.cM ?海达? 范文 网:初中主谓一致语法总结?) ?主谓一致专练
1?(----_______ either? he r I pr??ud f the jb ? -----N?either he ?nr yu ____?______. A.? Am, are B?. Is, are ?C. Are, ar?e D. Am, i?s ?
2. A knife and? frk _____?_ lying n ?the flr . ?A. as seen? B. ere ?seen C. see ?D. sees ?
3.The fac?try, inclu?ding its e?quipments ?and ?
buildings ,____b?urnt last ?night . A.? is B. are? C. as D. ?ere 4 .I, ?h _____ yu?r clse fri?end, ill s?hare yur j??ys and srrs ( ?悲伤). A. as B. ar?e C. is D.? am ?
5. ver 70 per?cent f the? ppulatin ?in this pr??vince _______ ?farmers . A. is ?B. are C. ?has D. hav?e ?
6. Sme persn __?____asking? fr yu at ?the entran??ce t the cinema . ?A. ill be B.? is being ?C. is D. a?re ?
7.The rest f t?he nvel __?_____ very? nderful a??nd instructive . ?A. ere B. are? C. is D. ?seem ?
8.Every mean?s ______ t?ried, but ?there is n? abslute r??esult yet. ?A. have been B. has? been C. i?ll be D. e?re ?
9.hat I ant __?____ an in?teresting ?bk hile ha??t he expects _____ ?t cups f cf?fee . A. i?s, are B. ?are, is C.? is, is D.? are, are ?
?
10.A teacher, tg??ether ith fur studen?ts, ______? sent t he?lp ?ith this research? the next ?eek . A. a?s B. has C?. ere D. a?re 1 ?
1.He lst ne f? the bks h?ich ______?brred frm ?the librar?y ?yesterday. A. ere ?B. as C. h?ad D. have? 1 ?
2.Jack,as ell a?s his rela?tives and ?friends, _?_______a p?arty ?at hme n. A. ar?e having B?. is have ?C. is hldi?ng D. are ?hlding ?1
3.The 26t?h lympic G?ames _____?_ held suc?cessfully ?. A. is B.? ?ill be C.? are D. ere 1 ?
4.All but the? ne that a?sked fr le?ave yester?day ______? here ?just n. A. is ?B. as C. h??as been D. ere 1 ?
5.n each si?de f the r?ad _______?_ a lt f t?all trees ?. A. stand?s ?B. is standing C. ??gr D. is gring 1 ?
6.Three hur?s ith yur ?ld friends?________ t? be a shrt? time . ?A. seem B. s?eems C. is?? seeming D. has seem?ed 1 ?
7.hen and her?e t build ?the ne fir?st aid cen?ter ______?_ yet. ?A. hasn t bee??n decided B. desn t ?decided C.? haven t b?een decide?d ?
D. aren t decided ?1 ?
8.The United Nat?ins ______?___ in 195?9 . A. ere? fund B. e??re funded C. as fund? D. as fun?ded 1 ?
9.Each teach?er and eac?h scientis?t _______ ?invited t ?take part ?in the cnf?erence. A.? are B. as? C. has D.? ere 20.ne? and a hal??f apples _______ lef?t n the ta?ble . A. a?re B. is C?. has D. h?ave ?(参考答案: ?
BACDB CCBAA ACDD?C BADBA/B ?)篇五:?
主谓一致? 教案 知识点总?结+练习 第四讲 主谓一致?
(Subject-Verb Agr?eement) ?
? 一、考点、热点回顾 ?
(一)、主谓一致的定义? “主谓一致”是指谓语动词?与主语必须在?人称、数上保持一致,即主语是?复数,谓语也用复数形?式,如?are, ere, ?have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单?数形式,如:?
is, as, ha?s, rks?等。
?(二)它通常依据三项原则:?
1?) 语法一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致?。? 2) 意义一致,?即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式?一致。? 3) 就近原则,?即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的?词语,? 语法上一致 就是谓?语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一?致。因此也成为形式一?致原则。?
1(he likes E?nglish. ?
2?(e all l?ike English ?
1.由and?连接的两个主语
(1) ?如果指两个或两个以上不同的人?或事物的时候?,谓语动词用复?数。 E.g: My Englis?h teacher ?and my cla?ss-teacher? are talki??ng ith each ther. ?
(2) ?如果指的是同一个人或物?, 或者指同一概念的时候?, 谓语要用?单数。 E.g: My Engl?ish teache?r and clas?s-teacher ?is Miss an?g. ?
※由and连接的并列单数主语前如果?分别有?n, each,? every, mre ?than a (?an) ,a (an?)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。? E.g: ?Many a by and ma?ny a girl ?Every by a?nd every g?irl Each b?y and ?each girl ants? t see the? film. N b?y and n gi?rl Mre tha?n a by ?and mre than ?a girl ?
2. ?如果主语是不?定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候?,谓语动词?用单数。 他正在做的事情看起来很重?要。? hat he is ding se?ems very ?imprtant. ?收集邮票是他的爱好。? Cllecting ?stamps is ?his hbby. ?※由?hat引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词?多数情况用单数形式,? ?但若?在主系表结结构中表语是复数? hat he left ?t me ere s?me bks. ? ?h-?从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,?主句的谓语动词用复数??形式。 hat caused the a?ccident an??d h as respnsible fr? it remain? ?a mystery t me. hat? he thught? and did a?t hme have? nthing t ?d ?ith this prblem. m??any
3、 主语为单数名词或代词?,尽管后面跟有?ith,? tgether ith?, alng ith, excep?t?, but,besides?,in additin t, l?ike?, as ell ?as, rather than?, mre than?, n less than?,? including?等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若?主语为复数,谓语用复?数形式。? as ell as tgeth?er ith / a??lng ith Ti?m besides/ except/bu?t/in ?additin t like ?including ?rather tha?n ?
4. 在定语从句时,关系代词?that?, h, hich?等作主语时,其谓?语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。? 如:?
1) He is ne f m?y friends ?h are rkin?g hard. 2)? He is the? nly ?ne f my friends? h is rkin?g hard. ?
5. ?如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的?谓语动词用单数;如果?它?指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。?这些词有?family,? class, plice, team?, grup, na?tin, gvern?ment,?等。 The class is? the best ?ne in the ??class. The family is? a happy n?e. The fam?ily are mu?sic ?lvers. ?
6. 由“a lt f?, lts f?, plenty f?, the rest f?, the majrity ?
f , the rest? f, mst f ?+ ?名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数?
+?名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数?要根据短语中后面名词??的数而定。 1) There are a? lt f pepl?e in the c?lassrm. 2)? The rest ?f the lect?ure is nde?rful. ?注意:
a numb?er f ?“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,?谓语用复数;? the ?number f “??的数量”,修饰?可数名词单数或可数名?词复数,主语?是num?ber,谓语用单数。 ?
7. peple, cattle? ?作主语是,谓语动词只能用复数。? The cattle ?are eating t?he grass. ? ?
8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与?其后的主语一致。? 1) There es? ?the bus. 2) n the a?ll are man?y pictures?. ?所谓概念(意义)一致?原则 是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决?于主语的语法形式?, 而是其?实际意义。有的?主语名词在形式上是单数?, 但在意义上却是复数;有?的主语名词在形式上是复数?, 但在意义上却是单数。?
1. ?形复意单名词如?: nes; 以ics?结尾的学科名称如?: physics, ?mathematics; ?国名如: the United? States; ?报纸名如?: the Ne Times; ?书名如?: Arabian Nights(?一千零一夜?); 以及 the United?? Natins 等作主语?; 谓语动词要用单数?.
2. trusers?, glasses?, clthes?, shes?, 等词作主语时,谓语?用复数,但如果这些名词前有?a (the?) pair f等量词修饰时,谓?
语动词用单数。? My shes is dirt?y. The pai?r f shes l?ks beautif?ull. ?I lik?e it very much. ?
3. ?表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的?名词的复数作主语时,??谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的?名词在概念上是一个整?
体?. 100 miles is a ln?g distance?. Fifty-si?x dllars a?s stlen by? ?a thief. 表数量的短语“?ne and a half??”后接复数名词作主语时,?其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。? ne and a h?alf apples? is ?(are) left n the?? table.
4. ?算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常?作单数看待,其谓语动?词采?
用单数形式。 1)Telve plu?s eight is? tenty. 2)? Fifty-six? divided ?by eight is? seven. ?
5. a?(this)? kind f ,a pair f ,? a series ?f, a set f?, a crd ?f+可数名词复数作主语时?,谓语动词用单数。? 1) A serie??s f TV sh
is instruc?tive . 2) ?This kind ?f men is d?angerus. ?注意:?
Men f this ki?nd are dan??gerus .
6. ?单复同形的名词,如?: means, sheep, d?eer, speci?es, aircra?ft, ?series, rks(?工厂),Chinese, J?apanese, S?panish, Pr?tuguese ?等作主语表复数意义时,谓?语动词用复数。? 反之,谓语动词用单数。? ?1) Every means has b?een tried ?. 2) All p?ssible mea?ns have be?en ?tried . ?
7. 如果主语由“?the + 形容词?(或过去分词)”结构担任时?,谓语通常用复数?;这类词有: the brave,?? the pr, the rich, t?he blind, ?the ?yung, the ld, th?e sick, th?e dead, th?e deaf and? dumb?等 就近一致?
1. There be ?句型 Be ?可以由exist/ stand/ ?lie/ seem ?代替? There has been a ?bk There h?ave been b?ks. ?
2. ?用连词 r, either??r, neither??nr, nt nly??but als ?等连接的并列主语?, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一?致?. Nt nly the ?students but als? Miss ang ?likes Engl?ish. Neith?er the stu?dents ?nr Miss ang li?kes Englis?h. Either ?the studen?ts r Miss ?ang likes ?English. ?
?三、课后练习
1.Three ?______ die?d in the t?errible fi?re in Luya??ng last inter. ?A. hundreds pep?le B. hund?red peple ?C. hundred?s peples D?. hundred ?peples ?
? 2. Either yu r the ?president ?_______ th?e prizes t? these gif?ted ?inners at the me?eting. A. ?is handing?? ut B. are t hand ut? C. are ?handing ut D?. is t han?d ut ?
3. I, h ___?___ yur cl?se friend,? ill try m?y best t h?elp yu ut ?f truble. ?A. am B. i?s C. are D?. be ?
4. The lymp?ic Games i?n the year? 201X ____?__ in Beij?ing f Chin?a, ?hich ______ knn t? us all. A?. is t hld?; is B. is? t be held?; as ?C. are t hld; i?s D. are t? be held; ?is ?
5. There _____? a lt f ru?bbish n th?e flr s I ?asked Mary? t seep ?_____ up. A.? ere; it B?. are; the??m C. as; it D. is; t?hem ?
6. Three mill?in tns f c?al ______ ?every year? in the ci?ty. A. ?is ?explited B. are expl?ited C. ha?d explited? D. have e?xplited ?
7. Stries? f the Lng? March ___?____ ppula?r ith the ?yung peple? ?n. A. is B. as C. a?re D. ere ? ?
8. Mathematics __?_____ the ?language f? science. ?A. are B. ?are ?ging t be C. is ?D. is t be? ?
9. Bth rice and ?heat _____? grn in ur? cuntry. A?. is B. ar?e C. ?as D. ere ?
10. _______?_ either f? yur paren?ts e t see? yu recent?ly? A. ?Have B. Had C?. Has D. I?s 1 ?
1. hat the chi?ldren in t?he muntain? village n?eed ______?__ gd ?bks. A. is B. ?are C. hav?e D. has 1? ?
2. The hle famil?y _______ ?TV attenti??vely. A. are atching? B. ?is atching C. is? seeing D.? are seein?g 1 ?
3. Nthing but? several g?lasses ___?_____ bugh?t by my fa?ther the ?day befre y?esterday. ?A. as B. e?re C. have? been D. u??ld be 1
4. At the? bus stp _?_____ a sl?dier and t? yung pepl?e n their ?ay t the v?illage. A.? ere B. as? C. is D. ?sits 1 ?
5. If la an?d rder ___?___, neith?er the cit?izen nr hi?s family ?is safe. A.? are nt pr?eserved B.? is nt pre?served C. ?ere preser?ved ?D. have nt been ?preserved ?1 ?
6. There ______ ?little cha?nge in tha?t middle s?chl. A. ha?ve ?B. had C. have be?en D. has ?been 1 ?
7?. hat such a sunset ?is ______ ?strange t ?us all. A.? ging t ?be B. / C. i?s D. that ?1 ?
8. Seventy-five ??percent f the earth??s surface ?______ ith? ater. ?A. is cvered ?B. is cver?ing C. ere? cvered D.? are cvere?d 1 ?
9. The flling ?______ sme? ther ment?al disease?s. A. bein?g B. ?are C. as D. er?e 20. Nt n?ly yu but ?als I ____?__ able t ?help him ?ut. A. are ?B. is C. a?m D. ere 2? ?
1. “ The Kites?” ______ us a? stry f th?e kite?s h?istry. A. ?have tld B??. tells C. ere tld D?. as tld 2? ?
2. Yu and I ____?_ tin sist?ers. A. er?e B. are C?. is D. am? 2 ?
3. A teacher f? English a?nd class t?eacher ___?____ us sm?ething ?abut vlunteer? rkers. A.? are telli?ngB. is te?lling C. a?re given ?D. ere give?n 2 ?
4. Thusands f?? tns f rubbish _____?___ ver a ?large peri?d f time. ?A. rts aay? B. rt aay? C. has rt?ted aay D.? are rtted? aay 2 ?
5. Mayr as ?ell as vlu?nteer rker?s _______ ?the nely-b?uilt ?stadium. A. is ?cleaning B?. are clea?ning C. er??e cleaning D. have ?cleaned 2 ?
6. Many a? student _?_____ smet?hing abut ?Abraham Li?ncln. A. h?ave ?knn B. kns C. is? knn D. ar?e knn 2 ?
7. The def?ence rks _?_____ buil?t lng ag t? keep the ?enemy aay.? ?A. ere B. has been ?C. had bee?n D. as 2 ?
8. ?“ Have yu all s?tudied the? passage?U?sing the M?ind agains?t ?Disease?,”? “______ .?” A. Nbdy f us has? B. Nbdy f? us have ?C. Nne f us? has D. Nn??e f us did 2 ?
9. A grup f Ita?lian sldie?rs ______ ?quickly ta?rds their ?psitin. ?A. ere advan?cing B. er??e advanced C. as adv?ancing D. ?advancing ?
30. Everyn?e, men and? men, ld a?nd yung __?____ sprts? and games?. ?A. is enjy B. ere ?enjying C.? enjys D. ?enjy ?
1.解析:?
选B. hundred?一词前面有具体数词修饰时?不加?-s
2. ?解析:
选D. ?当either ??r 连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语动?词在人?称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“?be+?不定式”表示按计划或安排将?要发生的动作。?
3. 解析:?
选A. h ?为引导定语从句的关系代词,其先行词?是?I , 所以谓语动词要用?am.
?
?
范文五:主谓一致语法讲解
语法基本概念
单词
实词:名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词、副词
虚词:冠词、介词、连词、感叹词
短语
不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、介词短语、独立短语
句子
1. 主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)
Every minute counts.
2. 主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语
The students all love their English teacher.
3. 主语+系动词+表语
Truth is the daughter of time.
4. 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He often gives his seat to an old person.
5. 主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语
They considered that a downright lie. 他们认为那是彻头彻尾的谎言。
名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
通常作不可数名词
fun, advice, weather, progress, information, bread, butter, baggage, clothing, equipment, furniture,
homework, juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, meat, production, permission, practice, rubber, rice,
soup, wealth, word (=news)
特殊意义的名词复数
papers文件,试卷,报纸,论文 goods货物,商品 glasses眼镜 sands沙滩 woods树林
times时代 arms武器 looks外表 works工产 pains努力 waters水域
集体名词
1. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词
Clothing 衣服 furniture 家具 baggage/luggage行李 equipment设备 traffic交通
machinery机械 produce产物
这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当
1)形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。如:
Our clothing protects us from cold. 衣服保护我们免受寒冷。
2)不可直接与a(n)或数词连用,表数量时用much, little, some, a piece of, an article of等,如:
Each room has four pieces of furniture. 每间房有四件家具。
3)若需用代词,用单数代词。如:
Do you want to see my jewelry? It is in the box. 你想看我的珠宝吗?它在我的箱子里。
2. 通常作复数的集体名词
police警察 cattle牛,家畜
这些集体名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
The police are looking for him. 警察当局正在找他。
3. 即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
people人们,人民 family家庭,家人 team队 public公众,人群 audience听众 group
团体 government政府
这些集体名词当作一个整体,用作单数,且常常与定冠词the连用;若考虑构成这些集体的
各个成员时,看作复数。
The family are all fund of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。
4. A committee, etc. of+复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee/panel/board... of+复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。如:
A committee of six men and five women is to consider the matter. 六男五女组成的委员会将考
虑这个问题。
例:The police _____investigating the murder case. A. is B. are C. was D. were
New machinery_____introduced in the factory. A. is B. are C. was D. were
B C
抽象名词的惯用法
1)of+抽象名词=形容词,如:a man of ability=an able man有能力的人
2)of+great+抽象名词=very+形容词,如:It is of great value.=It is very valuable. 这东西很贵
重。
3)of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词,如:It is of no use.=It is not useful.
以-s结尾的名词的数
1. 表示学科、游戏、疾病的名称以及像the United States这样的专有名词,用作单数。
Physics is the mother of sciences. 物理为一切学科之母。
Statistics is a branch of mathematics. 统计学是数学的分支。
The statistics in that report are incorrect. 那份报告里的统计数字不正确。
2. 表示衣物(如jeans, trousers, pants, pajamas),表示两部分构成的工具机械(如scissors, )
glasses, binoculars, scales, spectacles),表示山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词,某些以-ings结尾
的名词(earnings, savings, surroundings),表示某类东西的总称9如clothes)以及不表示学
科的以-ics结尾的词(如politics),都用作复数。如:
My clothes are dirty. 我的衣服脏了。
My earnings this year are not half of yours. 我今年的收入不到你的一半。
限定词与名词的搭配关系
只接单数
Each, every, either, neither, many a(n), such a(n), what a(n)等
只接复数
Several, both, (a) few, a couple of, a number of等
只接不可数名词
(a) little, much, less, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等
只接可数名词
the first, the second, the last, the next等
例:The statistics___that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.
A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove
D
主谓一致语法讲解(语法一致、意义一致和就近原则)
1. 不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;但如果主语为and
连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时,谓语用复数形式。
Reading often means learning.
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
2. 当主语由and连接,表示同一人、同一物或者同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,此时and连
接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The actor and singer was well received by the audience.
3. 由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each,every,many a(n),no时,谓语动词用单数。
Each book and (each) paper is found in its place.
4. each,every,each and every,either,neither,one,another,litter,a little和much作主语
或修饰主语时,谓语动词永远用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
注意:复数主语+each之后用复数动词
We each have our advantages.=We have our advantages each.
5. Everyone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,
no one,nobody,nothing作主语时,用单数动词。
There is something wrong with my watch.
6. None,some,any,more,most,all等代词作主语时,动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复
数决定。
All is right.
All are present.
7. “all,none,most,majority,part,enough,some,one half,the rest,the remainder,a portion
等+of...”短语,或者more than...作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所修饰的名词、代
词的数决定。
More than one person is going to lose his job.
More than 500 people are going to lose their jobs.
8. 当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候,谓语动词采用单数形式。
Two miles is a short distance.
9. 一般来说,不可数名词及可数名词的谓语用动词单数,可数名词复数的谓语用动词复数,
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Two thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
10. 当主语后面跟有including,with,together with,along with,like,in addition to,as well as,
rather than,as much as,more than,no less than,but,except,accompanied by等连接的短
语时,谓语动词不受这些词组的影响,与前面的主语一致。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
11. 在定语从句中,若引导词在从句中充当主语,谓语的数要跟先行词一致。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.
12. 当or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also连接两个以上主语时,谓语动词与最邻
近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和
最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
13. 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
14. “the+形容词”作主语,代表单数名词时用单词动词;如果意义指一类人,则应视为复
数,谓语动词也应该用复数。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate.
15. 疑问代词which作主语时,其动词是单数还是复数根据which所指的单复数而定;但who
作主语时,即使被问者是复数,通常也用单数动词。
Which is more valuable, health or wealth?
Which are prettier, these or those?
Who wants to come with me?--We do.
1. All the President’s Men_________one of the important books for historians who study the
Watergate Scandal.
A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining
2. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ______for Europe this afternoon.
A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. Leave
3. How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the
children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
4. It is futile(徒劳无益的)to discuss the matter further, because_______going to agree upon
anything today.
A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are
5. You may find each children in the kindergarten_____a different answer to the question.
A. give B gives C. gave D. Giving
6. The iron and steel industry____an important part in our economy.
A. plays B. played C. play D. playing
7. My cousin, who _____ a painter, is in Japan at present.
A. are B is C was D were
8. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____saved for other
purposes.
A is B are C was D were
9. One-third of the country ____covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black
people.
A. is;are B. is;is C. are;are D. are;is
10. Either you or one of your students ____to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. Be
练习题
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be
C. is D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was B. were C. have been D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young
people on their way to the village.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have B. had C. have been D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be B. / C. is D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being B. are C. was D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.
A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were B. are C. is D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away B. rot away C. has rotted away D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were B. has been C. had been D. was
28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’?” “______ .”
A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing B. were advanced
C. was advancing D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy B. were enjoying
C. enjoys D. enjoy