范文一:电子商务专业英语考试
《专业英语》(考试课)期末考试通知
现将《专业英语》期末考试的安排告知如下,
请同学们早作准备。
(1)考试地点和时间:根据校教务处安排
(2)考试方式和内容
考试的目的与要求
本课程考试旨在检测学生是否掌握电
子商务专业的基本理论;是否掌握电子商务
专业词语组成规则、长句理解、掌握专业基
础知识以及专业文献阅读能力。要求考生应
全面掌握与电子商务专业英语相关的基础
知识、基本技能。
本考试大纲以上课所用教材为主要依据。
考试方式:闭卷考
考试时间:120分钟
考试范围: 第一章至第六章
考试内容:
1、 专业词汇中英互译
(重点复习上课常提到的单词、词组和补充的
专业词汇及相关课文Exercises 中的第1、2
题)
2、 专业术语解释判断
(重点复习课堂提及关键词和专业练习中
术语、课本notes 。)
3、一般语法选择题
(重点复习相关课文相关语法例句及
Exercises 中的第3题)
4、英译中
(重点复习课堂句子课后的英译中作业, 及相
关课文)
5、阅读理解
6、简短问答
(基于你对问题的理解来回答)
请大家自觉完成课后习题和课本后的测试
题。
Eg 试卷结构
试卷满分为100分,
一、专业词汇中英互译.
1、超媒体 n. h___________
2、数字签名 d___________
博客 n. b___________
4、domain name ___________
5、info -world ___________
二、Grammatical Structure.
1. The students expected there
more reviewing classes before the
final exams. D
A is B. being C.have
been D. to be
…..
三、专业术语解释判断Referring to the
following notes, fill in each blank after the
following sentences with one of the issues in
the list given below.
Extranet hacker Logistics
1. The person who can break into your
computer without your permission.
3、
四、英汉互译.
1、Only some new products involve major technological breakthroughs, many new products are simply product line extensions. 只有部分新产品需要有技术上的突破,大多数的新产品仅为产品线的延伸
2、Marketing research is an essential first step in all product development. There is no point in developing a new product unless you can sell it.
市场调研是所有产品开发的必要的第一步。如果新产品销售不出去,那新产品开发是毫无意义的。
五、Reading comprehension.
There are many different ways to sell your product on the Web, but most techniques tend to fall into one of the following categories:
Gifts and Impulse Products
Sometimes you don't know what you want until you see it. Merchants who offer gift items are very familiar with
this. If you're offering impulse buys, you may want to design a site that's easy and entertaining to explore; let them go window shopping. Red Envelope makes its site as fun to explore as it is to shop, creating impulses and ideas that drive sales.
Commodity Products
Everyone knows what a CD or a book looks like. They are pretty low-risk purchases since you don't have to worry about whether they're the right color or compatible with your system. What matters is that the seller has them in stock at a good price. Merchants who offer commodity-type products are differentiated by their products' price, selection, and availability.
Considered Purchase Products
Some products require a lot of deliberation before a purchase is made. Expensive items that come in various models, each with different options and different pricing, require customers to consider a number of factors before they buy. We're talking about consumer electronics, cars, cellular phone service programs, and something you should be thinking about in the near future: e-commerce software packages. There are now a number of middleman services popping up to help consumers make their buying decisions. Sites such as my Simon offer side-by-side comparisons of different products.
Configurable Products
Sometimes a product is all about the options it comes with. A case in point is computer workstations and server
s. The basic components are the same, but you can choose how roomy or fast each of those parts will be. Computer manufacturers like Dell and Apple enable their customers to design their own products, blending one-on-one marketing with customizing mass-market products: Their motto is, “Tell us what you want and we'll build it for you. ” But these techniques are now showing up in other fields. Take a look at Smith + Noble, where you can design your own window treatments by selecting and combining different attributes and features.
.
1. For Red Envelope, which of the following statements is not true?______
A. It sells gifts and impulse products.
B. One can go window shopping on its site.
C. Its site is easy and entertaining to explore.
D. Customers don't know what it sells until they visit its site.
2. The merchants who sell commodity products can compete in ______.
A. price
B. selection
C. availability
D. all of the above
3. My Simon is a site that ______.
A. sells expensive items
B. helps customers make their buying decisions
C. sells e-commerce software packages
D. sells cars and cell phones
4. Computer workstations and servers ______.
A. belong to the category of configurable products
B. are expensive because they come with many options
C. are very difficult to choose
D. are very difficult to build
5. Smith + Noble is doing e-business in the field of ______.
A. customizing mass-market products
B. computers
C. window treatments
D. one-to-one marketing
六、简短问答
范文二:电子商务英语考试试题
电子商务英语考试试卷
(所有答题内容请写在答题纸上并标明题号,写在试卷上无效) 一、 请将下列术语翻译成中文(每小题1分,共11分)
1. e-cash
2. second-hand market
3. electronic payment
4. logistics service
5. small and medium-sized firms
6. develop a website
7. B2B website
8. search engine
9. long-term:
10. Internet Marketing
11. shipping cost
二、 请将下列术语翻译成英文(每小题1分,共11分)
1. 商业模式
2. 信用卡
3. 免费运输
4. 银行账户
5. 主页
6. 电子邮件
7. 降低成本
8. 拍卖网站
9. 客户需求 10. 原材料
11. 信息产品
三、 完形填空(在下列课文片段中填入遗漏的词,首字母已给出,每空2分,共12分) Businesses can g 1 (获得)many p 2 (营销) benefits from engaging in electronic
commerce. e-Commerce can reduce the costof purchases, lower sales and marketing costs and b 3 (改善) the c 4 (客户)service. However, businesses are not the only beneficiaries of
Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency
e-Commerce.
Consumers may also reap benefits. They can receive increased choice of vendor and p
(产品), convenience from shopping at home or office, greater amounts of I 5 (信息) that
can be accessed on demand and more competitive p 6 (价格) and increased price comparison
capabilities.
四、 单项选择题(每题2分,共10分)
1. Come as______ as possible.
A. earlier B. more early C. early D. earliest 2. Letters about products and services which you haven’t asked for and probably don’t want are call
mail.
A. waste B. junk C. rubbish D. useless 3. The faster the shipping, the the price.
A. lower B. higher C. common D. quicker 4. How to the limited resources became one heated issue in this international conference.
A. exploit B. deploy C. expend D. utilize 5. Prior ______ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. A. to B. of C. in D. from
五、 将下列句子译成中文(每题3分,共18分)
1. With the introduction of the Internet, companies, regardless of size, can communicate with each
other electronically and cheaply.
2. It takes ten times more effort and more money to attract a new customer than to keep an existing
customer.
3. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular in China.
4. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular in China.
5. Ebay is the largest Internet auction site in the world.
6. From the customer’s point of view, shipping costs are a major concern. 六、 请在空格内填入单词的适当形式(每题2分,共10分)
1. From the customer’s point of view, (ship) costs are a major concern.
Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency
2. Our office is____ ____(locate)at the end of the road.
3. Searching by keyword is the most common method of ____ ____(use) a search engine.
4. The factory is carrying out a series technological reforms in order to __ __(reduce) the cost of
production.
5. The focus of banner (advertise) was often on traffic quantity and not traffic quality. 七、 阅读理解(每题4分,共20分)
The book is divided into four parts. The first part is the foundation for all your online activities. It introduces the reader to the basic concepts of the Internet and how to do business via the Internet. It takes both, technology and business, into consideration and does not forget to talk about the legal aspects of doing business via the Internet. Finally it explains how marketing on the Web should be done in order to be successful. Without marketing your online business will lack the visibility it requires to succeed.
The second part talks about how e-business applications are used for Internet, Internet or
Extranet based applications. It looks at the questions from all perspectives, client software,
and back-end systems. Using this information you are prepared to go online and middleware,
discover other businesses, what they offer and how they did it.
The third part explains the technologies that are below your applications. This is done from a technical point of view as well as a business point of view, in order to show you the business cases
that are viable right now. Each chapter contains a set of business cases that are evaluated and it is explained how Internet technologies help to resolve issues with the business cases or how to extend one‘s business through new technology.
The fourth part is an outlook into the future of electronic business and gets into more detail on how software and hardware will be developed in the future. The Open Source model is explained about how pervasive computing has been implemented.
Appendix A offers a glossary of e-business terms, which were used throughout the book. In
case you do not understand a certain term, have a look here. Appendix B describes how a business
can be moved to the Internet and what is required to do so. It does not only list the ideas, the
required hardware and software, but goes also into detail regarding the costs and the benefits.
Appendix C is a short list of my favorite web sites, ordered by subject areas.
1. The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. an introduction to a book about e-business
B. one part of a chapter in book about e-business
C. an introduction to a book about computer software
Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shun课程《电子商务英语》 第an bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link t3页 共5页 共印60份 教务处he historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency
D. one part of a chapter in a book about computer software
2. If one wants to get some information about e-business terms, he may best read ________.
A. Part One B. Appendix A C. Appendix B D. Appendix C
3. If one wants to get some knowledge about how to communicate through Internet,he may best read
________.
A. Part One B. Part Two C. Part Three D. Part Four
4. If one wants to get some e-business cases,he may best read ________.
A. Part One B. Part Two C. Part Three D. Part Four
5. What is the best title for this passage,
A. Who should read the book,
B. Business on the net today.
C. How to do business through Internet.
D. The organization of the book.
八、 简答题(每题4分,共8分)
Coca-Cola’s advance into orange soda is bad news for Sunkist, which holds a 1. 5, share of the
soft drink market, and Crush (around 1,) Coca-Cola began testing Minute Maid Orange Soda in
Canada last summer. Some analysts think it will quickly challenge Sunkist as the top-selling orange drink.
The sleeper among the products might turn out to be Cherry Coke, which contains no fruit juice at all. Emanuel Goldman, a beverage analyst with Montgomery Securities in San Francisco, says Cherry Coke has captured shares of 4, to 8, in test markets. The drink probably won’t do as well
when it is rolled out nationally, since consumer coupons and price promotions have been helping it along. But Goldman believes Cherry Coke could eventually displace Dr Pepper as the nation’s
fifth-best-selling soft drink.
Questions:
1. Which brand occupies the fifth place on the soft drink list at present?
2. Why is Cherry Coke described as the “sleeper” ?
Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency
Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shun课程《电子商务英语》 第an bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link t5页 共5页 共印60份 教务处he historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency
范文三:电子商务英语考试范围
一:单词:[固态 solid state] [集成电路 IC Integrated 能使得放大器增益仅由无源器件决定的话,那么这个问题就会解决。在乘渡船上下班的途中,哈利构思除了一个新颖的、Circuit] [超大规模集成 VLSI Very Large—Scale Integration] 解决放大器问题的办法,并在途中将它记录下来。 [德州仪器公司 Texas Instruments] [触发器 flip flop] 5) So far, we have related the mathematical transfer functions of some simple circuits to their associated poles and [地址指针 address pointer] zeroes in the complex-frequency plane. From these functions, we [互补金属氧化物半导体 CMOS Complementary have derived the circuit's frequency response(and hence its Bode Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor] plot)and also its transient response. Because both the integrator [射极耦合逻辑 ECL Emitter Coupled Logic] [传输函数 and the RC filter have only one s in the denominator of their Transfer function] [数据手册 Data sheet] [三态缓冲器 transfer functions, they each have only one pole. That is, they are tri-state buffer] [操作码 opcode operating code] [MIPS first-order filters. Million Instructions Per Second] [BOIS Basic Input Output 到目前为止,我们已经阐述了几个简单的电路的数学System 基本输入输出系统] 传递函数与其福频率平面上的极、零点之间的关系。从这些[信号调节器 Signal conditioner] [电流源 Current source ] 函数中,我们可以推导出电路的频率响应(继而可以得到伯[电压源 Voltage source ] 德图)及其瞬态响应。在积分器和RC滤波器个子的传递函[增益带宽积 GBW Gain×Bandwidth ] [负频率变量 数中,分母中都只有一个s,所以它们只有一个极点。也就是Complex-frequency variable ] 说,它们都属于一阶滤波器。 [暂态响应 Transient response ] [阶跃函数 Step function ] 6) In fact, there are many tens of ADC methods in use, [品质因子 Quality factor ] [参考电压 Reference voltage] [逐次逼近法 Successive Successive Approximation, Multipass Interpolating, Subranging, approximation ] [全球你数字移动电话系统 GSM Global system for Mobile Bit-Per-Stage, to name but a few of the flavors, each potentially communication ] having some benefit in performance over its rivals. Luckily, it is [电源 Power supply] [线性稳压器 Linear regulator] [负载电流 Load current] not usually necessary to understand how the ADC works in [可控硅整流器 SCR silicon controlled rectifier ] [传播延迟 Propagation delay ] [时钟抖动 Clock jitter ] order to make the correct choice of converter for the application. [压控振荡器 VCO voltage controlled Oscillator ] [锁相环 Instead, careful study of the performance speciflications on the PLL Phase Locked Loop] [功率损耗 Power loss ] [接触电阻 Contact resistance ] [电压驻波比 VSWR voltage data sheet will determine the best choice for your application; standing wave ratio ] 目前,在实际中使用的模数转换方法有几十种之多。二:英译汉 1) A special material is used to make these 常见的方法有逐次逼近法、多通道法、插值法、子区法和逐integrated circuits. While most materials either insulate from 位处理法。每种方法都具备一些其他方法不具备的潜在优势。electrical flow(air, glass, wood)or conduct electricity readily (metals, water), there are some that only conduct electricity a 幸运的是,在选在ADC器件时,用户一般不需要理解其工作small amount, or only under certain conditions. These are called 原理。只要用心研究一下数据手册上提供的性能指标,就可semiconductors. The most commonly used semiconductor is of 以做出最佳选择。 course silicon. 7) The switching regulator operates the power devices in the 汉:制造集成电路需要使用一类特殊材料。多数材料要么对full-on and cutoff states. This then results in either large currents 电流绝缘(如空气、玻璃、木头),要么很容易传导电流(如being passed through the power devices with a low “on” voltage 金属、水溶液),但也有一些材料只能传导少量电流、或只在or no current flowing with high voltage across the device. This 特定条件下传导电流——这种材料被称作“半导体”。硅是最results in a much lower power being dissipated within the supply. The average switching power supply exhibits efficiencies of 常用的半导体材料。 between 70 to 90 percent, regardless of the input voltage. 2) ROMs are also called mask —ROMs or mask 开关电源中的功率器件工作在“全开”和“截断”状programmed ROMs. This is because a ROM needs to be 态。这样,要么在大电流流经功率器件时,导通电压很低;programmed by setting its cells to either to either 0 or 1 at the time of line. This aluminium pattern is defined by a lithographic 要么在大电压时,没有电流经过器件。因此,电源内部消耗mask used in one of the last steps of manufacture. Therefore 的功率就很少。开关电源的平均功率为%70~%90,而且和输these devices are often called mask-ROMs. 入电压无关。 ROM也叫“掩模ROM”或“掩模编程ROM”。这是因8) A Clock Buffer is a device in which the output waveform 为在制造ROM时,就需要通过存储单元置“0”或置“1”directly follows the input waveform. The input waveform 来进行编程。通常,“0”或“1”就是铝线的“有”和“无”。propagates through the device and is redriven by the output 在制造芯片的最后一道工序中,铝层图案是由一块掩模平板buffers. Hence, such devices have a propagation delay associated with them. In addition, due to the differences between the 决定的。所以,该类期间常被称作掩模ROM。 propagation delay through the device on each input-output path, 3) More transistors also allow for a technology called skew will exist the outputs. 时钟缓冲器是一种输出波形直接pipelining. In a pipelining. Architecture, instruction execution overlaps. So even though it might make take five clock cycles to 跟随输入波形的器件。输入波形通过该器件并被输出缓冲器execute each instruction, there can be five instructions in various 重新驱动。因此,该类器件存在传输延迟。此外,由于在每stages of execution simultaneously That way it looks like one 个输入、输出通道间存在传输延迟的差别,输出端将出现“相instruction completes every clock cycle. 位抖动”。 有了更多的晶体管,就可以使用流水线技术。在流水线9) An interconnect that must pass the short rise time of a 结构中,指令的执行是重叠的。尽管执行每条指令可能需要5high-speed signal pulse can be detrimental to maintaining signal 个周期,却可以在不同阶段同时执行5条指令。这样看上去integrity due to an unwanted reflection. The shorter the rise 好像每个周期都能完成一条指令。 time,the greater the risk of degradation of the signal. The ideal 4) Many attempts had made to make a stable amplifier, but situation is that the connector will have the appropriate temperature changes and power supply voltage extremes termination characteristics to create no degradation of the signal. experienced on phone lines caused uncontrollable gain drift. 因为出现了反射,所以在通过互连路径传送告诉信号Passive components had much better drift characteristics than 脉冲时,短促的上升时间就会破坏信号的完整性。上升时间active components had, thus if an amplifier's gain could be made 越短,信号质量下降的风险越大。理想的情况是:连接器拥dependent on passive components, the problem would be solved. 有合适的端接特性,没有造成信号质量下降。 During one of his ferry trips, Harry's fertile brain conceived a 三:汉译英 0. 微处理器就是一片包含了CPU的硅片。用来novel solution for the amplifier problem and he documented the 区分微处理器的基本特征有三个:指令集、带宽和时钟速度。 solution while riding on the ferry. A microprocessor is a silicon chip that contains a CPU. There 为了制造出稳定的放大器,哈利已经进行了多次尝试;are three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors: 但是,温度变化和电话线上出现的供电电压极限使得增益漂instruction set, bandwidth and clock speed. 移无法控制。无源器件的漂移特性比有源器件好得多;加入
circuit amp combination and then, how to calculate the passive 1. 不用硬盘而采用闪存的理由有好几个:闪存的存取速度更component values that yiele the desired transfer function in the 快、不产生噪声、重量更轻、尺寸更小,而且没有可以活动circuit. 的部件。 2、时钟信号源There are a variety of clock devices available There are several reasons to use Flash memory instead of a today. Some of them are described below. hard disk: Flash memory allows faster access. It is noiseless, Crystals: A crystal is a basic piezoelectric quartz crystal. On its lighter ,and smaller in size and has no moving parts. own, it cannot generate electrical clocks. It has to be connected 2.在计算机系统中,存储器是用于程序运行和数据存储的部to a clock oscillator to get a clock waveform. 件。随即存取存储器芯片构成了计算机的主存储器。可用存Crystal Oscillators: A crystal oscillator is an oscillator with the 储器的容量决定了运行程序的大小和一次能否运行多个程crystal as the feedback element. 序。 Compensated Oscillators: Temperature Compensating Memory is the part of a computer system that is used to run Oscillators(TCXO) contain circuitry that compensates for programs and store data. The main memory is built from temperature changes, and hence combat frequency variations. Random Access Memory(RAM) chips. The amount of memory Voltage Controlled Oscillator: The output of Voltage Controlled available determines the size of programs that can be run, and Oscillators(VCO)is controlled by a voltage control input pin. whether more than one program can run at a time. Frequency Synthesizers: Frequency Synthesizers use one or more 3.在电子技术各领域中,欧姆定律都是基本定律。欧姆定律可Phase-Locked Loops(PLL) to generate one to many different 表述为V=I?R。欧姆定律可应用于单个器件、一组器件或一frequencies on their outputs, from one or more reference sources. Clock Buffers: A Clock Buffer is a device in which the output 个完整电路。当已知流过电路中各部分的电流时,其电压降waveform directly follows the input waveform. 可由电阻和电流的乘积获得。 Ohm's law is stated as V=IR, and it is fundamental to all electronics. Ohm's law can be applied to a single component, to any group of components, or to a complete circuit. When the current flowing through any portion of a circuit is known, the voltage dropped across that portion of the circuit is obtained by multiplying the current times the resistance. 4.电路就是无源器件和有源器件的组合。器件按照特定方式排列,以完成期望的功能。器件的排列就形成了一个电路,或叫电路结构。模拟电路设计就是开发各种电路结构。 Circuits are a mix of passive and active components. The components are arranged in a manner that enables them to perform some desired function. The resulting arrangement of components is called a circuit or sometimes a circuit configuration. The art portion of analog design is developing the circuit configuration. 5.在数字系统中,串扰是非常普遍的。在芯片上、印制电路板上、芯片封装上和连接电缆上都可能出现串扰。 In digital designs the occurrence of crosstalk is very widespread. Crosstalk will occur on the chip, on the PCB board, on the connectors, on the chip package, and on the connector cables. 6.许多系统工作在高频上,道题在这些频率上不再仅仅表现为导线,儿时展现出高频效应并表现为传输线。如果没有正确处理这些传输线,就可能在无意中破坏了系统时序。 Many systems operate at high frequencies at which conductors no longer behave as simple wires, but instead exhibit high-frequency effects and behave as transmission lines. If these transmission lines are not handled properly, they can unintentionally ruin system timing. 四(作文1、有关存储设备Memories can be made in mechanical magnetic, optical ,biological and electronic technologies. Example of magnetic memories are tapes, floppy disks, hard drives and Electronic memory is used extensively in computer equipment since it is the fastest available. The flip-flop: A flip-flop is basically a bi-state circuit in which either a 0 or 1 state can resides. The register: A register is a set of flip-flops in parallel. Typically a register is 8,16,32or 64 bits wide. SRAM: An SRAM is an array of addressable flip-flops. The array can be configured as such that the data comes out in single bit, 4 bit, 8 bit, and etc. DRAM: The word "dynamic" indicates that the data is not held in a flip-flop but rather in a storage cell. ROM: ROMs are also called mask-ROMs or mask programmed ROMs. EEPROM: This means that the chip can be programmed like an EPROM, but can erased electrically. 1、运算放大器The IC op amp is here to stay; the latest generation op amps cover the frequency spectrum form 5-KHz GBW to beyond 1-GHz GBW. The supply voltage ranges from guaranteed operation at 0.9V to absolute maximum voltage ratings of 1000V. The input current and input current and input offset voltage has fallen so low that customers have problems verifing the specifications during incoming inspection. The op amp has truly become the nuiversal analog IC because it performs all analog tasks. It can function as a line driver, comparator, amplifier, level shifter, oscillator, filter, signal conditioner, actuator driver, current source, voltage source, and etc.. The designer's problem is how to rapidly select the correct
范文四:电子商务英语考试重点
汉译英
1,电子商务electronic commerce 视频会议video conference 不断增长ever –increasing 供应商supplier 内部运营internal operation 组织organization 交易transaction 消费者consumer 有效率的efficient 有弹性的flexible
6,电子邮件营销email marketing 市场调研market research 提高整体营销信息enhance overall marketing message 拓展网络exploit the web 网络能力capabilities of the web 离线营销活动offline marketing activities 传统营销traditional marketing 品牌的忠诚度brand loyalty 传统促销方法traditional promotional methods
营销策略marketing strategy
10,电子银行electronic bank 家庭银行home bank 支付账单pay bills 私人网络private network 金融机构financial institutions 银行服务banking services 在线申请apply online
11,电子支付electronic payment 电子支票electronic checks 电子货币electronic money 经常账户checking accounts 数据加密data encryption 客户认证client authentication 智能卡smart cards 计算机硬盘computer hard disks 银行部门banking sector 小额支付small value payment
14(网上购物流程the flow of shopping/purchasing online 迅速发展rapid growth/development 虚拟商店virtual stores/shops 产品规格specification 电子银行cyber bank 购物中心shopping center 在线付款payment online 确认订单confirmation of the order 总金额total amount 批号date code
15,最终产品finished goods 相关信息related information 产地the point of origin 运输与配送transport &services 国际供应链管理international supply chain management 预售服务pre-retailing services 军事策略military strategy 战时物资生产wartime material production 集中于centering on 战略物资补给strategic commodities supply
1,file transfer 文件传输 digital cash 电子现金 geographical location 地理位置 on a global scale 在全球范围 EDI 电子数据交换 competition 竞争definition 定义manufacturer 生产商 advertising 广告 interaction 互动
6,internet marketing 网络营销 electronic mediu电子媒介 affiliate marketing 会员营销 merge?with?与?融为一体 distribute products 配送产品 community activities 社区活动 marketing objectives 营销目的 loyalty program 贵宾会员计划 provide comprehensive information 提供综合信息 commercialization 商业化
10,virtual bank 虚拟银行 online bank 在线银行 physical bank 有形银行 banking activities 银行业务 credit unions 信用合作社 credit card products 信用卡产品 open a checking or savings account 开立支票或储蓄账户
11,paper checks 纸质支票 banking settlement system 银行结算系统 payment data 支付数据 secure communication protocols 安全通信协议 secure payment protocols 安全支付协议 server authentication 服务 14,shopping online 在线购物 business directories 企业名单 purchasing process 采购流程 authentication centre 认证中心 surfing the internet 网上冲浪 names of commodities 商品名称 lead time 交货日期 terms of payment 付款方式 payment authentication 付款认证 release the goods 发货
15,the efficient and cost-efficient flow 有效而合算流动 raw materials 原材料 in-process inventory 半成品 For the purpose of conforming to in motion and rest
为满足消费者需要 the management of inventory in motion and rest 动态与静态的库存
管理 IT solutions 信息技术解决方案 added-value 增值 in military science 在军
事科学方面 the most crucial element 最关键的要素 a network of transportation 运
输网络
4,句子翻译(1,2,14,17,18)(英?汉)
1(1)in another word ,electronic commerce is the buying ,selling and trading of
goods and services through private and public networks .
换句话来说,电子商务是指通过私人或公众网络来买卖或交换货物和服务
2)first stage of EC expansion is that with in the “connected ” or “online ” computer
users .
EC的首个发展阶段局限于“在线”计算机用户
3)the second wave will come when more people get access to computers (via lowered computer prices or cheaper device )
第二个高峰将会在更多人可以通过更低廉的价格或设备访问计算机的时候来临
4)the third expansion is predicted to be from those with non-computer access to the global network :through broadcast TVs ,cable TVs ,telephone networks and new appliances .
据预测,电子商务发展的第三次浪潮将会出现在不用电脑就能上网的技术发展方面,例如通
过无线电视,有线电视,电话网络及新型的设备上网
5)a widespread use of these cheaper access media represents the phase of “bringing
workplace computers into living room ”
低价的接入设备的广泛使用代表着进入了“家庭办公”的新时代
2,1)the conveniences afforded by electronic commerce is limitless .电子商务提供
的便利是无止境的
2)more than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data ,news and opinions . 超过100个国家已经接入互联网,交换资料、新闻和言论。
3)in traditional business ,buyers and suppliers search for each other through advertising ,trade shows ,brokers,and dealers .
在传统贸易中,买方和卖方会通过广告,贸易展会,代理商和中间商来寻找对方
4)electronic commerce will lead to a difference in the way we live our lives and accomplish our day-to-day work .
电子商务将会改变人们日常生活和工作的方式
5)electronic commerce opens up new avenues for the marketing of traditional goods and services directly 电子商务为传统商品和服务的市场开拓提供了全新的渠道
14,1)nowadays ,turning on the computers ,entering various kinds of virtual shops online ,customers will find thousands of thousands of business directories ,where they are able to choose the article they want with their
features ,specifications ,prices and so on .
如今,打开电脑,进入各种虚拟网络商店,顾客就能找到成千上万的企业名录。在那里,他
们可以选择所需的商品,了解商品的性能,规格,价格等信息
2)after deciding what to buy ,a customer can fill in the purchase order (P.O) immediately ,which is composed of the names of commodities ,the quantity ,date code ,manufacturing ,package ,lead time ,price ,terms of payment and shipping . 顾客决定买什么之后,可即时填写订单,订单内容有商品名称,数量,批号,品牌,包装,
交货日期,价格,付款方式和运输方式
3)then enter the payment system and fill in the required personal
information .confirming nothing wrong ,then submit it .
然后进入付款系统,填写必要的个人信息,确认无误,然后提交
4)this process is somewhat complicated ,which is done usually by the cyber bank and the shop .
此过程有点复杂,它是由网络银行和商店来完成的
5)all the above is done ,the shop will release the goods according to the P.O. and in the due time ,the goods is sure to reach the customer without fail 以上程序全部完成后,商店就会根据订单发货,货物在所规定的时间内确定无误地送达顾客
处.
17,1)these activities generally involve the electronic exchange of information to acquire or provide products or service ,to place or receive orders ,to provide or obtain information ,or to complete financial transactions .
这些活动通常涉及获取提供产品或服务,下单或接单,提供或获取信息或完成各种金融交
易等各种电子信息交换
2)e-government is fundamentally about visibility ,accessibility and extensibility ,and these are the core ingredients for transparency in government . 从根本上说,电子政务具有可见性,易接近性和延伸性,这些都是透明政府的核心成分
3)however ,e-Government is just a tool ,and transparency depends as much on how that tool is used as it does upon its mere existence .
然而,电子政务也只不过是一种工具,透明度主要还是取决于人们如何利用该工具,就如同
工具取决于其本身的存在一样
4)the point is that the democratic institutions in question need to hold government actors accountable ,and e-Government can help that to happen more easily . 关键的是,在讨论中的民主体制必须能够使政府官员负起责任,而电子政务更容易促成政府
官员做到这一点
5)too little attention is paid to the beneficial effects (in terms of transparency in particular )of electronifyin人们对电子化过程的有益影响关注甚微(尤其是再透明
度方面)
18,1)any ministry that delivers services directly to the public benefits the most .
凡事能将服务直接提供给公众的部门就能得到最大的利益
2)if the government is transparent and open in their dealings with the public ,they will get proper feedback from citizens,which in turn increases efficiencies within their own ministries.
如果政府在与公众交往时能透明公开,就会得到公民们适当的信息反馈,这样反过来就会使
他们提高部门工作效率
3)to be effective in delivering an e-service ,it has to meet the needs of the citizen and not solely the needs of a particular government ministry .
要想在提供电子信息服务方面卓有成效,就必须满足公民的需求,而不仅仅是满足某一特殊
政府部门的需求
4)this change is the transfer of some of the traditional powers of government to groups and citizens in society .
这种变革就是要将传统的政府权力转移给社会群体和公民
5)there are economic and administrative benefits for the government ministry involved ,in the short term ,but in the long term it is the citizen who will have the most benefits .
就眼前来说,政府有关部门会获得一些经济和行政利益,但从长远观点来看,最受惠的还是
公民
(1)电子商务的优势与问题
优势:1、the reach of Internet is vast,All the merchants and customers can get a wider choice
2、EC will reduce the overhead costs and save time
3、The goods and services are available all the time
劣势:1、the security and privacy is a problem in the process of EC
2.some transactions demand anonymity of the customer
(2)什么是电子商务
Electronic commerce :the conducting of business communication and
transactions over networks and through computer .as most restrictively defined ,electronic commerce is the buying and selling goods and services ,and the transfer of funds ,through digital communications .however ec also includes all inter-company and outer-company functions that enable commerce and use electronic mail ,edi and so on .electronic commerce also includes buying and selling over the web ,electronic funds transfer ,smart cards,digital cash ,and all other ways of doing.
(3)B2B与B2C区别
The most obvious difference between B2B and B2C is the customer requirement .B2C focuses on individual customer transactions, whereas B2B focuses on other businesses as the consumer .
One difference between B2B and B2C is the type of order .another difference is also a different requirement for B2B transactions .lastly the type of connection between B2B and B2C differs .
(4)网上购物流程
1. product search online
2. fill in purchase order
3. send purchase order
4. payment online
5. payment authenticat 6. deliver orders
(5)电子支付种类
1. electronic checks
2. payment card systems
3. electronic money
范文五:[英语考试]自考电子商务英语小抄英译汉
Campaign 战役 运动 Involve包含 牵涉 Pursue 追赶 追求 从事 英译汉: Insurance 保险(费) 证物 证明 证Competency 能力 技能 权Proof 证据Advertise 做广告 Ingredient 原料 要素 成分 实 限 收养 Adopt采用Consultant 顾问 Identify 确认 鉴别 Query 询问 疑问 Assumption 假定 假设 Classical 古典的 经典地 Incorporate 包含 合并 Restructure 重建重组 Achievement 成就 传统的 Intrude 闯入 侵入 Revenue 收入 岁入 Automatic 自动的 Document 文件文献 Imperative 命令的 权威 Reaction 反应 Arrangement 安排 Dispute 争论 辩论 Implicit 含蓄的 Responsible 承担责任的 Anticipate 期望 预料 Deflate 紧缩 Respond 回答回应 Infrastructure 基础结构 Accordingly 因此Distinct 清楚的 明显的 Individual 单独的 个人的 Replenishment 充实 充盈 Attribute 归因于 Disconcert 使…不安 Investment 投资 Regarding 关于 Arrange 整理 安排 Distinguish 区分 Inevitable 不可避免的 Recommendation 推荐 Abandon 放弃 遗弃 Domestically 本国的 国内Insight 洞察力 Retain 保留 保持 Automation 自动化 自动 的 Invoice 发票 发货单 Reside 定居 居住 Available 可用的 可获得Detailed 详细的 Index 索引 Reap 收获 收割 的 Downside 下调 下滑 Intervention 插入 干涉 Review 回顾 检查 Adapt 改编 使适应 Distribute 分配 分发 分布 Inhibit 阻止 禁止 Relevant 有关的 中肯的 Associate伙同的 副的 同Deduct 扣除 减除 Initialization 预置 初始化 Restrict 限制 约束 事 Disadvantage 不利条件 Influence 影响 权利 Reduce 减少 改变 Available 可用的 可获得Domain 领土 领域 范围 Ineffective 无效果的 Rogue 恶徒 流氓 的 Distract 使…分心 分散…Requisition 需要 征用 Inconvenient 不方便的 Aliance 结盟 联盟 的注意力 对…Register 登记 注册 Interview 采访 访问 试图 努力 Attempt 尝试Definite 清楚的 明确的 进行面试 Regime 政体 政权 管理方Absolutely 绝对地 无条件肯定的 Impossibility 不可能 无希式 地 Emergence 出现暴露 望 Radical 基本的 彻底的 激Barrier障碍 Enhance 增强 提高 Incumbent 有责任的 现任进的 Backorder 延期交货 Enhance 增强 Reputation 名声的 现任者 在职者 名誉 Burgeon 发芽 开始生长 Estimate 估计 Keyword关键词 Registration 登记 注册 Basically 基本上 根本上 Expand 扩展 扩大 Location 地方 位置 Recruitment 吸收 征募 Barely 几乎没有 光秃秃的 Equivalent 同等的 Legislation 立法 法规 Reward 报答 报偿 报酬 Commerce 贸易 商业 Expectant 期望的 预期的 Lucrative 可获利的 赚钱奖赏 Convenience 方便 便利 Extensive 广阔的 广泛的 的 Release 放走 解释 免除…Correspondence 通信 信件 Extension 延伸 伸展 Leverage 杠杆作用 的义务或责任 Capture 得到 俘获 Equip 装备 供给所需的东Mortgage 抵押 Summary 总结 概要 Conversion 转换 变换 西 Merchandise 商品 货品 Submit 服从 顺从 提交 Critical 批评的 危急的 决Experienced 有经验的 Maverick 持异议者 自行Substantial 数目巨大的 实定性的 Executive 行政官 行政人其是者 质的 Concise 简明的 员 Maximize 试达到最高限度 Storefront 店头 店面 Contract 合同 契约 Estimate 估计 Modify 使缓和 使改善 修Scale 规模 程度 范围 Corporate 共同点 法人团Extreme 极端的 偏激的 饰Similarly 同样地 体 Exponential 指数的 指数Strategy 战略 策略 Massive 巨大的 客观的 Consume 消耗 花费 方程的 大量的 Stuff 塞满 塞紧 Community 社会 团体 Eliminate 除去 淘汰 Mistakenly 弄错 误解 Scan 细察 扫视 Cumbersome 笨重的 Essential 必要的 基本的 Motivate 作为…的动机 激Subsidiary 辅助的 附属的 Complexity 复杂 Specialize 专攻要素 要点 励 使专用于 Conscious 清醒的 觉察的 Evaporated 蒸发 消失 Notify 通知 报告 Synonym 同义词 Conflict 不合 分歧 Embrace 拥抱 包含 Numerous 很多的 许多的 Standardize 使合乎规格 使Confidence 信心 Endeavor 努力 尽力 Outline 轮廓 纲要 标准化 Confirm 证实 确认 Enormously 巨大地 极大Outset 开始 Survive 幸存 比…长命 Crucial 极其重要的 地 极其 Overhead 营业费用 经常Successfully 获得成功 达Consistent 持续的 Enlighten 启发 启迪 教导 费 到目的 Classic第一流的 经典的 开导 Overview 概述 Transform 改变???的外观Coordinate 协定 调节 Essence 本质 精髓 精华 Process 步骤 程序 过程 或特性 Customize 按顾客要求制Feasible 可行的 可做的 Propose 提议 建议 Transmit 传播 传递 做 Fund 基金 经费 Potential 潜在的 潜力 Tendency 倾向 趋势 Concentrate 集中 全神贯Facilitate 使容易 使便利 Prosperity 繁荣 Timeliness 及时 准时 注 Foster 照顾 养育 培养 Premium 保险费 Timeframe 时间安排 期限 Claim 声称 认领 File 归档 卷宗 Participate 参与 参加 Taxing 费力的 困难的 Cluttet 使散乱 零乱 Fundamental 基本的 基础Productive 多产的 Technician 技术员 工艺师 Classify 分类 归类 的 主要的 Philosophy 哲学 思想体系 Trend 趋势 倾向 Category 部门 种类 范畴 Frustrate 妨碍 扰乱 使沮Prior 较早的 Transaction 交易 事务 处Casual 偶然的 随便的 丧 Proprietary 所有权的 理 Currency 流行 货币 Favorite 最喜爱的 宠儿 Promote 宣传 提高 升值 Transfer 转移 调动 Counsel 建议 顾问律师 Fundamentally 基本地 基Preference 偏好 更喜欢 Tedious 厌烦的 乏味的 Consistently 一致 一贯 相础地 根本地 Precise 精确的 明白的 Threaten 恐吓 威胁 符 Generate 产生 发生 Parallel 平行的 类似的 Unnecessary 不必要的 多Corporation 法人团体 Guarantee 保证 Productivity 能生产 多产 余的 Cement 水泥 结合 巩固 Highlight 最精彩的部分 生产力 Undoubtedly 无疑 肯定 毋Commence 开始 着手 强调 Preserve 保护 防护 庸置疑 Comment 意见 解释 评论 Horizon 地平线 Password 口令 密码 Venture 冒险 冒险事业 Confusion 困惑 混乱(状Headquarters 总部 司令部 Predict 预言 预报 Vendor 卖主 卖方 态)
Vertical 垂直的 直立的 系 Information technology(IT)册 Vision 视力 洞察力 Cost savings 节约成本(费信息技术 Purchase attempts 购买企Vehicle 车辆 媒介 传播媒用) 图 In-house program 内部流程 Cross language search Individual spending habits 介 Place an order 订购 engine 跨语言搜索引擎 个人购物习惯 个人消费习Yield 产生 屈服 让步 R&D 研究与开发 Consumer protection law 消惯 Return in investment 投资费者保护法 Infformation retrieval 信息回报率 词组 Customer loyalty 客户忠诚 检索Return rate 退货率 Automatic replenishment 自Cash register 收银机 Image 图像 Real-time communication 动再补给 Checkout process 结账过程 Intelligent search engines 智实时交流 Apples-to-apples Retrieval and classification Create an account 建立账户 能检索引擎 comparison 同类比较 检索和分类技术 Credit card number 信用卡Image Search Engine 图像Account data 账户 数据 Review and approval 号码 检索引擎 Algorithm 算法 process 检查批准流程 Ineffective error messages Consumer market 消费者市Availability check 有效性Regulatory risk 管制风险 无效错误信息 场 核查 Strategic objective 战略目In vain 徒劳 Cost-effective and efficient Advertising medium 广告标 DigiCash 电子现金 Just-In-Time(JIT)准时生产媒介 Site traffic 站点访问量 Distribution channel 分销渠制 及时供应制 Automotive industry 汽车Sales figures 销售金额 道 Joint venture 合资企业 联工业 Shipping method 交货方式 Discounted proce 折扣价格 合经营 Business model 商务模式 Smart cards 智能卡 智能Database 数据库 Key issues 焦点 Bandwidth 带宽 插件 灵便卡 Direct billing 直接结算 Legal counsel 法律顾问 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Sales tax 销售税 Data collection 数据收集 Legal environment 法律环资金平衡表 Shopping cart 购物车 Database management 境 Business reengineering 业systems 数据库管理系统 Spending analysis 开支分Legal issue 法律争端 务重组 Directory 姓名地址簿 电析 Legal intervention 司法干Broadband technology 宽带话簿 Supply chains 供应链 预 技术 Domain name 域名 Status tracking 状态跟踪 Multi-media 多媒体 Business unit(BU)经营单Database integration 数据Statements and payments 结Market share 市场份额 位 库集成 算清单与支付 Mail-order pricing 邮购定Business process Data protection laws 数据Site traffic 网络交通 价 re-engineering (BPR)过程创保护法 tangible benefit 有形利益 Marketing 市场营销 销售 新 流程再造 Data ownership 数据所有target-market 目标市场 Maverick purchasing 个性Business-to-business(B2B) 权 timely delivery 及时的送货 化购买 企业对企业营销模式 eProcurement 电子采购 toll-free telephone 免费电Marketing department 营销Business-to-consumer(B2C)electronic payment 电子支话 部门 企业对客户营销模式 付 top seller 最畅销的货品 Maximum value 最大价值 Buy-in 买进 enforceable transaction 可transfer funds 基金转移 Net loss 净亏损 Best-price guarantee 最佳执行交易 telecommunications 电信 Natural Language Searches 价格 保障 electronic signature 电子签自然语言搜索 technology trends 技术趋势 Backorder 拖欠定货 延期Natural Language 名 transaction platforms 交换交货 processor(NLP)自然语言处Earnings per share 每股收平台 Buying leverage 购买杠杆 理器 益 text documents 文本文件 Back-end integration 后台Network economy 网络经E-business process 电子商textural information 文本信整合 济 务程序(流程) 息 Customer service 客户服务 Out of business 破产 EDI电子数据交换 URL 统一资源定位器 Customer relationship Online seller 在线卖方 Extranet 企业外联网 Up-sell 上行销售 management(CRM) 客户Order initialization 订单初End yser 最终用户 Virtual private network 虚关系管理 始化 eCRM电子商务客户关系拟专用网 Credit card verificantion 信Online information 线上信管理 Virtual world 真实世界 用卡鉴别 息 网络信息 Electronic bill presentment Value chain 价值链 Cash-flow 现金周转 现金and payment(EBPP)电子Online venture 网络公司 web site 网站 流量 账单付兑与支付 Online and offline 线上和web server 网络服务器 Customer base顾客群 e-money 电子货币 线下 网上和网下 虚拟和web technology 互联网技CyberCash 电子货币公司e-commerce site 电子商务现实 术 (网络银行) 网站 On-line order 在线订购 workflow 工作流程 Chief technology officer (financial transaction 财务往On-line payment 在线支付 web page 网页 CTO)首席技术官 来 Online marketing 在线营销 winners and losers 赢家和Customized software 按顾final customer 最终客户 Profit/loss statement 损益帐 输家 客要求制作的软件 FederalExpress 联邦快递公Planning horizon 规划周期 Over the last few years Customer information 客户司 Profit margin 利润 信息 Follow-up calls 售后服务Product description 产品描the Internet has??Client 顾客 客户 电话 述 Customer^s buying this may become an Fix the error 更正 Product line 产品系列 系preference 顾客的购物喜好 First-movers 先驱者 列产品 option. Customer support 用户支持 Global marketplace 全球市Particular file format 特殊Customer care 客户关怀 ?在过去的数年中,因特网场 文件格式 Cross-sell 交叉销售 Growth rate 增长率 Prototype 原型 已经从一个仅用于科研的Credit card 信用卡 Human resources 人力资源 Purchase order tracking 订Centralized system 中央系Holiday revenues 假日收入 单跟踪 网络发展成了一个新一代统 集成系统 Intranet 企业内部互联网 Potenial sales 潜在销售 Customer relations 客户关商务模式成为可能的平台。 Intangible benefit 无形利益 Passive registration 被动注
?时下,通过因特网我们可most critical aspect??to 搜索标准总是不能达到预道的客户更有效地合作。 以在顷刻间完成网上购物,overcoming resistance to 期的搜索结果。 ?英特尔公司的信息提供预定假日旅程及文本翻译。 the change. It has been a tumultuous 系统在第一次提交文件时,?标题中的e-business与?对变革观点的理解和接time for dot-com 将原本所需的长达两到三IBM所理解的并不一样,当受的程度受信息在机构内start-ups.??to weather 周的时间缩短到了平均三你读完这本书,你会发现其流通的状况的影响。 inevitable challenges. 天。而现在,只需几分钟就内涵要丰富得多,所以?曾经成功领导了变革的?当人们试图把如此之多够了。 e-business中的字母“B”并决策者们主张亲自参加讨的失败归咎于当前的市场?更快了解机密文件的结没有IBM一样大写。 论和会议作为最有效的沟状况时,事实却表明:正是果是:英特尔公司四分之三?这样的装置有可能是一通方式。 最初的策划决定了最后是的直接客户工程师将其产块硅片和一个因特网接口?不断地变革——电子商成功还是失败。 品研发周期缩短了一周或的任何东西。 务战略中最关键的因素,完?重要的是,它还包括一项更多。 ?很可能你知道这样一个全取决于机构的沟通体系。 极具价值的诊断分析,以帮?因为客户关系管理是一例子:一台空冰箱给杂货店?在当今的商务环境下,挑助企业家们衡量企业的实个新的应用软件频繁更迭、发一封电子邮件,要求在早战与沟通紧密相连,决不仅力和找出问题的所在。 层出不穷的领域,开发一个藏之前将牛奶送到家门口仅是一个量的问题。 ?丧失了中心目标,无力完灵活的软件体系结构及一来。 ?在电子商务的环境下,建成客户订单或无力给客户个灵活的硬件基础结构就Making the transition to 立客户关系是至关重要的。提供服务,决策管理与企业尤为重要。 e-business can be 如若不顾倾听客户的呼声,文化不相符,这些仅仅还只Evan as exchange emerge
daunting??internet 采纳其建议,满足其需求和是导致业务失败几个常见to enable rich Marketing & e-Commerce. 愿望,这一目标是不可能 的原因。 interaction??for a future ?需要做的是如此之多,要达到的。 ?此外,管理层必须认清公priced for demand. 解答的问题是如此之多,要How well is your Web site 司的市场定位以及实现其?正当信息交换技术的出探究的肯能性又是如此之meeting demand???to 市场构想的可能性。 现使得企业间极富价值的多。 deliver anticipated content. ?只要密切注意这些已知相互作用成为可能之时,各?当你开始策划一个电子?智能商务软件从各职能的领域——强有力的领导企业正期待着因特网将真商务的时候,应该记住最重部门广泛地收集数据,以便和管理、高素质的人才、可正有活力的定价方式变为要的一点是:即刻行动。 提供一个对电子商务的完靠的业务策划,以及大众乐可能。
整的理解。 于购买的产品——这样的?这样你就可以选择一个?这一切对公司而言是至目标和界限清晰的起点,从?你还可以了解到客户登企业就可以直面各种不可关重要的,因为这一技术的而打好基础,其他的一切创陆到你的网站搜寻什么以逃避的挑战。 出现可能会转变企业的销业步骤也将随之而生。 及搜寻所需花的时间。 Castomer Relationship 售模式。 ?这一构想是瞄准那些通?一旦你收集了这些数据,Management (CRM) ?将自动程序收集和交换过英特尔公司的实地销售智能商务软件将帮你进行provides??flexible and 技术作为一种首要的销售和客户支持已建立起某种分析以使你的网站最佳化。 highly available 渠道而出现,它将应用各种关系的客户,从而找到通过?例如,将你的网站的成功infraatructure. 规划从而使各类交易成为因特网改进客户关系的途点击率或交易量与你的线?客户关系管理给你的公可能。 径。 下销售波形图进行对比,或司提供新的方法以更好地?信息自动收集和交换技
了解客户,服务客户。 ?“我们往往选择一个可以者当许多部门在一个会计术作为一种首要的销售渠
?立即展开的项目并将之实季度之始做新的预算时,了这种被称为“信息桌面”道而出现,它将应用各种规施于客户,”英特尔公司英解一下订单的数量。 的服务以及其他以网络为则从而使各类交易成为可特网销售及电子贸易部董?在最高流量的时段,你可基础的提供信息的新的服能。 事Sandra Morris这样说道。 以了解一下是什么导致了务,已使得公司能与其直接?自动程序的未来并未明Communication can be the 服务器超载,或者确认哪些客户、间接客户以及其他渠朗,例如,在广泛应用这一
程序之前,程序供应商必须策略所带来的丰硕成果”的提出警告。 ?在将来,通过革新技术并找到各种降低单笔交易成白皮书,你可以了解到建立In its most sophisticated 且采用新的应用软件,ASPs本的途径。 一套电子商务实施体系和form,e-procurement??会更加普及。 Some people who use a 具体步骤的宏伟蓝图。 for future needs. ?最初,虽然利润的确定方web browser just enter a ?可能是最艰难的时期,因?电子采购,或者说通过电面最终与供货链的效率紧keyword??the use “.fr” 为你需要改变运作方式以子手段获得或销售原料和密相连,尤其当它涉及到产as the suffix. 精简程序,同时也不能影响产品,可能是在实际上运作品设计方面,但是电子市场?因此,键入“motorcycles”技术的实施。 电子商务时获取利润的最还是会降低交易费用而且最终会使你进入美国的?当你开始使其自动操作迅捷的方式之一。 缩短成交的周期。 Honda网站的时候,你不应全然不顾当?要想利用电子商务进行?通过创立虚拟的贯穿多http://www.motorcycles.com前的惯例以及可能反对此运作,公司应该使用具有战种电子市场的“元市场”,/。 变化的员工。 略意义的资源策略,利用最这些服务的面市会扩大电?那就是前些年那么多人?一旦系统开始运行,你应新的电子商务方面的工具,子市场的储蓄潜能。 注册了域名而不去使用它该使其符合企业的标准。白整合各种程序,并且企业内
们的原因,因为这些人意识皮书提供了包括各种配置部要把重点放在机构内部
到了这些域名的未来价值。 和拓扑的各个细节。 的节约资金上,与此同时要
?他们似乎已经制定出了Traditional risk 对未来的机遇做出估计。
一个新的协议,以便在网络management has tended to ?从战略性资源利用做起,
服务器和网络浏览器之间focus on the first??of 可以在电子采购过程中在
交换信息,但事实上,他们capacity overloading. 企业内部形成一股热情,并
所做却完全不是这么一回?传统的风险管理往往是有助于挖掘潜在的有价值
事。 集中在第一个区域,风险的资源。
?如果你在寻找一个具体区;例如:潜在的不利事件?进行市场分析以发现新
的条款,只要键入名称来看(这类事件也许会/也许不的供应商、新的产品、新的
一看是否有与该名称相关会家喻户晓) 服务以及市场竞争对手和
的网站。如果没有这样的网?例如:美国的一个陪审团价格方面的变动。
站,那么试试键入与主题相最近判决了一起重大的损?这使得公司能够从整体
失赔偿案,一家网站由于张关的商标名称。 上为其机构提供最为有效
贴某些有争议人物的姓名?作为一个一般性的原则:的购买选择,并且为其将来
和地址而受到惩罚。 美国公司主要使用.com,所的需求进行更好地准备。
?电子商务企业的领导者有其他公司或许也会用它,During the past ten yearss,
们应该熟知有关的税法,而但也不是必须要用它。如果advances in technologies 你搜索法国的一家公司,那且要保证在制定策略和进have??that span 么你就用“.fr”作为后缀。 行操作之前,首先要考虑的multiple e-markers. E-procurement, also 应是税收问题。 ?在打败现有公司,如金融
known as e-purchasing, is ?为了解决这一问题,公司服务机构和旅行社的过程
the process??including 必须制定出有效的安全程中,新公司一夜之间就拥有
configurations and 序并且不是地通过检测来了十亿美元的资产,而顾客
topologies. 确保这些程序的有效性。 使用因特网的频率不断以
?有了网上目录和购物体?电子商务企业可以通过惊人的速度上升。
系,公司可以在订货时间以增加应变能力、实行裁员以?对一台智能PDA进行语
及在处理应收应付帐方面及运用检测程序来增强其音输入,电子服务系统会自
节省时间和费用。 适应性,如果产生了超负荷动重新进行网上订票,并且
?在题为“有效的电子商务的情况,检测程序可以尽早对你的旅行路线进行更新。
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