范文一:有关辛弃疾的英文资料
辛弃疾简介(中英法三国语言版本)
本篇中文资料由本人整理,并负责译为英文,法语版由铁杆辛迷qingsi1207翻译,难能可贵的是她只学了一年法语就勇挑重担,虽然只翻译了一部分,但精神可嘉,深表感谢!(本还想请朋友翻译成日文版,但很遗憾,朋友生病未能完成。)我们水平有限,错误及不妥之处在所难免,望高手斧正。
-----------------------------------------------------------------
[中文版]
2007年10月3日,是辛公逝世八百周年纪念!
辛弃疾(1140—1207),原字坦夫,后字幼安,号稼轩,历城(今山东济南)人,南宋最杰出爱国词人、著名政治家、军事家。
辛弃疾出生于一个官宦世家,出生时,他的故乡山东已为金兵所占。因自幼失去双亲,由祖父辛赞抚养成人。辛赞在靖康之难时未能南渡,但爱国之心不泯,一直希望有机会―投衅而起,以纾君父所不共戴天之愤‖(《美芹十论》),并常常带着年幼的辛弃疾―登高望远,指画山河‖。加之自己亲眼目睹汉人在女真人统治下所受的屈辱与痛苦,这一切使他在青少年时代就立下了恢复中原、报国雪耻的志向。并于22岁时聚众起义,反抗异族统治,随后南下归附南宋,伺机恢复祖国河山。然而,当权派不思进取、安于现状。尽管辛弃疾曾屡次上书北伐,但均未被采纳,他本人也并未得到朝廷的真正重用,虽历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职,但调动频繁,最后因受奸人诽谤而被罢职。辛弃疾赍志以殁,临终前―大呼杀贼数声而止‖(《济南府志》)。殁后,葬于江西铅山(YanShan)县的阳原山。
辛稼轩以词作著称于世,其词作被称为―英雄之词‖、―词中之龙‖。纵观其一生,以抗金报国自任,理想不能实现,遂将满腔忠愤全寄予词。其词悲壮雄放,抒发爱国精神,词风―慷慨纵横,有不可一世之概‖(《四库全书总目提要》)。同时代著名诗词家、评论家刘克庄评论辛弃疾词―大声鞺鞳,小声铿鍧,横绝六合,扫空万古,自有苍生以来所无‖(《辛稼轩集序》)。辛弃疾与北宋的苏轼都是豪放派大宗,并称―苏辛‖,晚清著名词人陈廷焯在《云韶集》中写道:―东坡词极名士之雅,稼轩词极英雄之气,千古并称,而稼轩更胜‖(清三大词人之一的纳兰性德亦持―辛实胜苏‖的观点)。―婉约以易安为宗,豪放唯幼安称首。‖(清杰出诗人王士祯《花草蒙拾》)。但其词作不仅限于豪放词,题材广泛,风格多样,写作技巧繁复,体备刚柔,千汇万状。―稼轩敛雄心,抗高调,变温婉,成悲凉。‖(清著名词论家周济)可以说,辛词数量最多,质量最高,代表了南宋词的最高成就,对后世产生了深远的影响。―稼轩不平之鸣,随处辄发...其才情富艳,思力果锐,南北两朝,实无其匹,无怪流传之广且欠也‖(周济,后面有比较二人意境的评论,恐喜欢苏轼的朋友认为不客观,省略)。有《稼轩长短句》收录词六百余首。
他又是一位有主张、有抱负的战略家,曾先后写下了著名的《美芹十论》及《九议》等奏章,向朝廷全面陈述自己抗敌救国的大策。《美芹十论》前三篇辩证地论述了宋金形势、战争性质,民心向背,后七篇就南宋应如何充实实力,做好北伐准备,完成恢复大计,作了具体的论述与规划。在《九议》中,辛弃疾再次斥责了投降派的谬论,并指出南宋与金国之间是持久战的必然性。身为朝廷命官,辛公每到一处,总能将那里治理得井井有条,体现着他卓越的政治才能和实干精神。但他并未受大任,陆游在《送辛幼安殿撰造朝》中叹道:―大材小用古所叹,管仲萧何实流亚。‖黄梨庄亦评论―辛稼轩当弱宋末造,负管乐之才,不能尽展其用,一腔悲愤,无处发泄,观其与陈同父抵掌谈论,是何等人物,故其悲歌慷慨、抑郁无聊之气,一寄之于其词…‖
实际上,辛弃疾并非只知纸上谈兵的书生。1161年,辛弃疾聚众两千人参加了以耿京为首的反金义军,并曾带兵五十骑突入五万金兵的兵营,活捉叛徒张安国,―壮声英概、懦士
为之兴起,圣天子一见三叹息‖。他曾在湖南任潭州知州兼湖南安抚使期间创建了飞虎军,―军成,雄镇一方,为江上诸军之冠‖,―北虏颇知畏惮,号?虎儿军‘‖(《宋史.辛弃疾传(卷四百一)》)。飞虎军维持了三四十年,成为南宋中后期维护湖南政治局势的军事支柱。
此外,他非常重视农业(其号―稼轩‖即由此而来),主张发展生产力。
辛弃疾,不仅是爱国词人,更是一个斗士,一位英雄!辛公永垂不朽!
----------------------------------------------------
[英文版]
October 3rd, 2007 is the 800th anniversary of the death of Xin Qiji (Hsin Ch'i-chi).
Xin Qiji(A.D.1140 - 1207), alias 'Jia Xuan', outstanding Ci poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, a celebrated politician and strategist. He styled himself 'Tan fu' at first, later 'You an' instead. His hometown is Licheng County which belongs to Jinan City, Shandong Province now.
Xin Qiji was born in a hereditary official family. His homeland – Shandong, had been
occupied by the Nvzhen Ethnic Group before his birth. As a child without parents, Xin Qiji was cultivated by his beloved grandfather, namely Xin Zan. Though Xin Zan failed to follow the Song Dynasty's officials and flee to the South of China when the Nvzhen Ethnic Group invaded the Song Government, his deep love for his nation has never vanished. He has been cherishing a hope
that
thousands of people and revolted against the Jin's rule. Then, he went to the South of China, which was governed by the Southern Song Dynasty, and prepared to retake the lost northern territory. Unfortunately, the Southern Song Dynasty didn't put him in a very important position. Despite many times of his suggestions of northern expedition, Xin's suggestions were not adopted by the imperial court. As a matter of fact, the potentates were unwilling to undertake new ventures , so Mr. Xin was not taken seriously by the imperial government. He was appointed successively as the Propitiation Official (Anfu Shi) of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and Zhejiang Province, frequently from one official post and another. At last, he was dismissed from his post because of the slander from treacherous court officials. When he was dying, still with his hope, Xin Qiji
Jia xuan earned high reputation for his famous Ci poems, and his works are called
resisting the attack of Nvzhen Ethnic Group, but his dreams have never come true since he arrived in the South of China. So his works embody his anxiety, gloom and anger, expressing his deep love for his nation and the hope of reunion of the parted countries. With heroic spirit, his works are vehement in free style. The contemporary famous Ci poet and critic Liu Kezhuang considered Xin Qiji's Ci poems have so great momentum that they are incomparable in respect of time and space, and Zhou Ji, who was the famous critic of the Qing Dynasty, accepted this opinion. Xin Qiji and Su Shi, who lived in the Northern Song Dynasty, are both great masters in the school of
Generous Ci poetry, and both of them are usually called
Tingzhuo of the late Qing Dynasty said:
Generous Ci poetry
Dynasty, and they have the profound and lasting influence on the later ages.
Moreover, Xin Qiji was a strong-minded and aspiring strategist. He presented many memorials to the throne, including the famous
Government. As an appointed official, the revered Mr. Xin administered everywhere he went in perfect order, which shows his prominent political ability and hard working spirit. Unfortunately, he was not granted real power. In his poem
Lizhuang remarked that:
exert himself to full potential. We can know what a talent he is from his conversation with Chen Tongfu. No wonder the grief and indignation full of his bosom can only be expressed in his Ci poems…
Actually, Xin Qiji is not an armchair strategist. He, with two thousand followers, joined the rebel troops led by Geng Jing in A.D. 1161. Later, he led 50 cavalrymen and rushed into the
barracks where 50,000 Jin‘s soldiers lived, then captured the traitor Zhang Anguo alive. When Mr. Xin came back to the South, the whole Southern Song government and the public were amazed by his magnificent feat. And while he was the Zhizhou of Tanzhou City and Anfu Shi of Hunan province, he established the Flying Tiger Army, which
Besides, he paid much attention to agriculture, advocated to develop the productive forces. (In fact, his alias Jia xuan had its origin in the facts mentioned above.)
Xin Qiji, not only a Ci poet, but a warrior, a hero! Eternal life to Xin Qiji!
------------------------------------------------------
有网友需要辛公的英文资料,手头只有两小段介绍,写个摘要什么的应该够用。
这是第一篇,济南政府网站上找的,英文比较地道。
Xin Qiji - Outstanding Patriotic Ci Poet
Xin Qiji ( 1140 - 1207 ), styled himself You‘an, nicknamed Jiaxuan. Born in Licheng, Jinan, he was a hero in the battle against Jin Ethnic Group‘s invasion and the famous Ci writer of the South Song Dynasty.
Xin Qiji was born in a hereditary official family. Before his birth, his homeland Shandong had been under the governing of Jin Ethnic Group. The folks‘ sufferings left a indelible impression in his young mind and he made up his mind to liberate his homeland. When he was young, he rebelled at his hometown and began combating against the invasion army. Later he was promoted as the secretary of the rebellion army.
Xin Qiji is an outstanding patriotic Ci writer. His works are imbued with ambition of liberating his homeland, fighting spirit against suppression and invasion and love of the magnificent beauty of his homeland‘s mountains and rivers. His patriotic poems are overwhelmed with lamentation and indignation, very enthusiastic and artistically appealing. The Ci of Xin Qiji is famous for being bold and unconstrained, just like the Ci of Sushi, holding an outstanding position in China‘s literature history. His works include Jiaxuan‘s Ci Poetry, Ci of Jiaxuan,
第二篇,其实也就一小段,是原辛吧pp吧主发上来的,我曾回帖说明了里面credit的用法,可见原贴。据说这是百度上的介绍:
Xin Qiji (Hsin Ch'i-chi) 1140-1207
Outstanding poet of the Song dynasty born in Shandong province. At the age of 21, he organized an uprising against the Jin invaders, and from 1172 onwards held various posts until retirement in 1181. He was the most prolific writer of ci in the Song, 626 examples having been preserved together with approximately 120 shi and a small number of prose works. He is credited with revitalizing the ci genre and with broadening its range. Although praised by contemporary critics for his patriotism, Xin's poetry embraces a wide range of themes and moods.
范文二:孔明的六摇八卦[资料]
孔明的六摇八卦
占卦方法: 占卜者净手诚心,用铜钱或硬币六枚放在手中,两手高举过头连摇数摇,使六枚硬币在掌心自然重叠在一起,然后自下而上、自左而右自然放置排成一行,按卦象便知吉凶祸福。
占卜次数: 每月一次,每次三卦,占卜时间以初一或十五的子时最好。
每次含义:一摇上月一些事、二摇这月干什么、三摇下月怎么办。
硬币的识别:硬币图像或国徽面为面,数字一面标记为“字”,六个钱币重量要一致、外形要一样
第一卦 困龙得水 上上 面面面面面面 第二卦 他乡遇友 上平 面面面面面字 第三卦 浓云蔽日 中平 面面面面字字 第四卦 虎落陷坑 下平 面面面字字字 第五卦 旱莲逢河 上吉 面面字字字字 第六卦 鹰鹊同林 下中 面字字字字字 第七卦 锄地得金 上平 面字面字字字 第八卦 砍树摸雀 上中 面字面面面面 第九卦 水底捞月 下下 字面字字面字 第十卦 斩将卦神 上吉 字面字字面面 第十一卦 乱丝无头 下下 字面字字字面 第十二卦 金榜题名 上中 字面字面字面 第十三卦 旱苗得雨 上平 字面面面字面 第十四卦 古镜重明 中吉 字字面面字面 第十五卦 过河拆桥 下平 字字字面字面 第十六卦 马到成功 上平 字字字字面字 第十七卦 矬巴勾枣 下中 面字字面字字 第十八卦 喜气盈门 中上 面字字面字面 第十九卦 阵势得开 中吉 面字字面面面 第二十卦 推车掉耳 下中 面字字字面面 第二十一卦 贩卖猪羊 下下 面字面字面面 第二十二卦 凤鸣歧山 上上 面面面字面面 第二十三卦 行走薄冰 下吉 面面字字面面 第二十四卦 俊鸟出笼 中吉 面面字面字字 第二十五卦 金钟夜撞 中吉 字字面字字面 第二十六卦 青龙得位 上中 字字面字字字 第二十七卦 五关脱难 中吉 字字面字面字 第二十八卦 鱼来撞网 上平 字字字面面面 第二十九卦 指日高升 上吉 字字字面面字 第三十卦 枯井生泉 上中 字面字面面字
第三十一卦 夜梦金银 下下 字面面面面字 第三十二卦 推车靠崖 下吉 字面面字字面 第三十三卦 狐舟得水 中吉 面面字面面面 第三十四卦 密去不雨 下平 面字面面面字 第三十五卦 镜里观花 下下 面面字面字面 第三十六卦 枯木开花 中吉 面面字字字面 第三十七卦 鸟被牢笼 中下 面面面字字面 第三十八卦 饥人遇食 中平 面字面字字面 第三十九卦 渭水访贤 上吉 面字字字字面 第四十卦 推磨岔道 中下 面字字面面字 第四十一卦 天官赐福 上上 面字面面字面 第四十二卦 宿鸟焚巢 下下 面字面面字字 第四十三卦 渔人得利 上中 面字面面面字 第四十四卦 太岁月健 中平 面字面字面字 第四十五卦 小鬼偷钱 中下 面字字字面字 第四十六卦 隔河望金 下下 面面字字面字 第四十七卦 二人争路 平平 面面面字面字 第四十八卦 仙人指路 中吉 面面面面字面 第四十九卦 饿虎得食 上中 字字字字字字
第五十卦 夫妻反目 中平 字字字字字面
第五十一卦 发政施仁 上平 字字字字面面 第五十二卦 喜报三元 上吉 字字字面面面 第五十三卦 工师得木 上平 字字面面面面 第五十四卦 蜜蜂脱网 中吉 字面面面面面 第五十五卦 明珠出土 上上 字面字面面面 第五十六卦 船得顺风 上吉 字面字字字字 第五十七卦 趁水和泥 中吉 字面面字面面 第五十八卦 撮杆抽梯 下平 字面面字面字 第五十九卦 鲤鱼化龙 中吉 字面面字字字 第六十卦 萌芽出土 平平 字面面面字字 第六十一卦 雨雪载室 下下 字面字面字字 第六十二卦 二人分金 上平 字字字面字字 第六十三卦 急过独桥 中平 字字面面字字 第六十四卦 缘木求鱼 下平 字字面字面面
六爻八卦 详解
第一卦 困龙得水 (上上)
金龙久困在渊中,一日升腾半空:往来飞腾能变化,从今有祸不成凶,困动得水交好运、不由喜气上眉梢、一切谋望争如意,向后时运渐渐高,大吉大谋尽欢乐,卜喜不错。
第二卦 他有迁晨 (上平)
困者他欢:志申,复愁寂寞到今,时来又久逢己友。对友以谈搭心救。他乡迂有喜气。观须知运气。喜从天走时小寻出门见喜。
第三卦 口舌到庭 (中平)
太阳出没在天边。只宜显亭不意满。若迁口宠出来遮。语事不完全沈出没获。日不光明,劝君切草运出行。姻求写财皆不吉提防口舌到庭。月令即善。走失可寻。交易合伙方平稳
第四卦 虎险大坑 (下平)
猎人指下一陷坑。欲将擒虎不知、虎落陷坑不采言:前进容易后退难,谋望不遂求财化疾病口舌销舌走失难见。友谊不长。容易合伴不可轻动。
第五卦 旱逢逢沙 (上吉)
笔竟蓬花出冰中。时旱不与往时同。幸得有来水灌水。枝叶重鲜花更红。卦蓬花旱济生意买卖利息多。婚姻自有有人助。出门不受折磨。走失得见口舌消病舌除,目令有善。
第六卦 鸟鹊同林 (上中)
鹊天晚上林中,不想有鸟虽然同外心急。卦若逢六是非多鸟鹊相同。占者逢六锁碎多。思心无意反为恕。是非平地起大风,不遇行人来,走失须见,目下有财。
第七卦 锄地得金 (上平)
锄地锄去草中事,谁想如帛将人找,锄生锄出命宝来,这个运气也算好,锄地得金卦如何,占卦者大喜气多望求财大婚姻如意病痊愈口舌散消。
第八卦 砍树摸雀 (下平)
占卦占六好处多,砍树谋易见,易非口舌自然信有,卦来神名好生气,若事如来脱灾病,求运贵舌来合凶,恍悟事不作。拿神下才手。
第九卦 见将封神 (上吉)
无灾情身目,出门不有贵人,诸定退位纵然,刮风交舌太转亲人分离有见小人,老人不吉好事难成办事要与人争吵,令高强声大扬,走失有明。
第十卦 乱事无头 (下下)
办事无头,家中不别,来神慢消倒从犯,不想当于成功者谋不多宿自,利公庆带不成须,定非河处门是年财。
第十一卦 金榜提名 (上下)
摸榜金上有自名,利急促功,门造台事慢愁碎,出问登病忧作好见事封舌除招时,中头出逢一切木相过金榜提名喜气亲,最宜合伙利婚姻求财到手交易出行也逐心月令即善、寻人得见、走失能找口舌消散。
第十二卦 旱苗得雨 (上平)
旱功得雨喜堂堂、求财交易也相当,婚姻合伙都如意、管事疾病都无妨:苗逢旱天渐渐幸得大恩降来不去喜来能变化、求裁干事趁心怀、出门走去找人有自信自凑巧。
第十三卦 古镜重明 (中吉)
古镜婚姻好几年,一朝贵明养月圆君子谋望往注此卦,时来运转喜自然古镜重明真成显,主人目下运气转婚姻求财吉庆走失行人去不远出行有益交易求名心逐有疾病渐好。
第十四卦 过河拆桥 (下平)
时乖运出不着急,过河拆桥思心无意反为恕日事功主受过牢过河拆桥事出伤,交易出行迂祸秧,谋望求财空费办婚姻合伙不相当,行来至头绪不准头舌躲避,凡是当心。
第十五卦 马到成功 (上平)
将帅领兵去出征,骑着烈马拉硬弓,百步穿杨射得准,箭中支喜气生,马到成功喜气扬扬求名助力大吉婚姻合好无妨碍交易出行也顺疾病大好能找行人来信,百般凑巧。
第十六卦水中捞月(下下)
一轮明月照水中,只见影不见踪。于是当财去下手,摸来摸去一场空水底明月不可捞,占者逢六运不高交易出行难顺利、走失行人求名不遂,疾病不愈婚姻不成合伙不利。
第十七卦 锉巴匀冰(下中)
财帛常打心头走可惜难到手,不如随时且忍耐逢着闲事少开口,锉巴匀冰推捞技,交易合伙不投机谋望求财白费力,婚姻合伙总是虚,好事即成罗且勾不着凡虚名。
第十八卦 喜气临线(下中)
时运转,喜气周宝花叔占君子求镜喜技乐大吉庆占者。逢喜运逢喜头在运中。全有凶外不成长婚姻合伙渐渐好,生意财满日日增出行吉祥,诸事无妨,失物得见,月令高强。
第十九卦 时来运转(中平)
复臭常锁两眉稍,千头万绪主心间从今后打开锁,任意而出行不相干此卦占六带六合,疾病口渐渐有婚姻合伙都如意谋财不错讹交了好运行人有信,出门大吉百人合顺。
第二十卦 时来运遂(中下)
时运不至费心多,此处推车受折蘑路崎山区吊耳,左插右按按不着,推吊车耳路难行,心中打算不能,君子占此锁职卦虽无害,安也困难,时运不至,莫要胡为,交接换目自然安息
第二十一卦 贩卖猪羊 (下下)
此卦占来运气多,合朋友太公作买卖:贩卖猪判羊,猪羊齐贩,一生贫贱,求财且莫为,名不利,利不全作事难。
第二十二卦 风鸣枝山 (上吉)
凤凰落在西枝上,去鸣凡声出圣贤,天降文王开基营荣华富贵八百年,风鸣枝山闻四方上者逢主大吉昌,走失行人有音信,生意合伙入财乡,出行有益求财必准,疾病都除诸事和稳。
第二十三卦 骏马出笼 (中吉)
红润不问吉得幸脱离灾难显威风,举事青云福利至东南西北任意行骏马出笼万里程, 交易出行大吉昌寻人不费力难逃官司口舌都无妨,合伙如意遂心够买卖兴隆求十准。
第二十四卦 性行薄冰 (下中)
路人性急赶无桥过薄冰,小心谨心过得去,一步错了落永中行人走冰怕冰薄,交易出行犯折磨,婚姻合伙休想官司疾病口舌须要和薄冰化,甚是险行人都难禁君子,此卦凡事要小心。
第二十五卦 金钟夜撞 (中平)
一棵金钟在淤泥,人拿着当玩笑,面多然一旦撞钟,且运化响一声谋求财不费力,交易出行有大功多虽意作事随心,走失行人必有音。
第二十六卦 吉龙得位 (上中)
太公插下杏旗,呗咯娇为徒,一旦西友自此,一血谋望百事通。青龙得位声重断谋想,求财事有成,婚姻求材无防碍,是非口舌得安宁,交易有成,行人乃至和无妨。
第二十七卦 五脱险难 (上中)
日下月令如过关,千心万苦受煎熬日来恰相有人来,文任君所不相干,五关脱难运抬头,劝君需当把财求。交出行有人助,疾病口舌不须愁,婚姻好行人来早,谋望成全,诸事凑巧。
第二十八卦 鱼来撞网 (上上)
鱼翁寺鱼运气好,鱼来撞网露不了,别人使力争不来。谁想一到就凑巧,有病即好,虽有口舌自然消了。
第二十九卦 指日高升 (上吉)
士人占来必得名,生意买卖也兴隆百艺逢六交易好,疾病口舌皆有限,求财到手,谋望成全,寻人得见,家宅平安。
第三十卦 枯井坐泉 (上中)
枯井一破多年,一朝泉流出水多鲜井,坐泉福禄加,声明喜气大光华,从前虽是繁杂日,向后自然有发达,精神渐长,福日增出皆吉,百事享福。
第三十一卦 夜梦金银 (下下)
夜梦金银酿来不见信,目下只宜守本分,思想终至空劳神,夜梦金银醒来空,求名求利总不财,婚姻难成交易散,走私行人未见,今日不合常坐着,凡事忍耐,休去捉摸。
第三十二卦 车高山崖 (上吉)
一脚踏去这几年,推车崖在眼前,目下就该再使力,费力才能发财源推车崖边,谋望求财不受磨,婚姻出走无阻碍疾病口舌皆安然苦极生芽,险此做事,大不离叫。
第三十三卦 孤舟得水 (中吉)
孤舟落沙滩,有筒无水进退难,时遭大雨湖泊溢,不用费力往回返,出行人早回家是非口舌皆无碍,婚姻合伙更不差功名随意求财得利,交易可成疾病愈。
第三十四卦 密云不雨 (下中)
苗遇旱天尽焦稍,谁想云浓雨下农民浇仰雨长呕气,是非必来莫心高云,排高密,下雨难盼望行人不见处,交易出行空费力,婚姻合伙是狂热,月令中正暂且从容,疾病口舌交易安宁。
第三十五卦 镜里观花 (下下)
一朵鲜花镜里观花看着,劝君莫把鲜花恋卦花遇六不吉载,镜里观花休想美,谋望求财不随心,交易不成婚姻散出行不遇疾病未愈,求名不准遇事不易。
第三十六卦 枯木开花 (中吉)
时来运转喜气发,多年枝木又发芽叶重开多茂盛,几人见了几个夸,枯木无花渐渐茂,任事申大兴隆,婚姻求财多吉庆,口舌疾病多安宁,交易有成,见官有理走失可寻。
第三十七卦 乌被笼牢 (中下)
飞乌失机落笼中,想然会飞不能腾,思想终志空劳神,忘想办到万不能,鸟被牢笼难出头,占者逢六自由谋望求。财难定难,疾病口舌烦忧愁出门不遇,合伙不利,姻转移。
第三十八卦 饥人遇食 (中平)
运气同身受饥,辜得送饭又和茶,适口充肠便喜欢。忧悉从此渐渐移饥人遇食喜重来。口舌疾病无宅,凡事随心恰口怀疾病口舌消散,生意财满大发财见官有理。出门不遇婚姻成全,诸事如章。
第三十九卦 渭水防贤 (上吉)
太公钓渭水河,手持此杆忧愁多时来又遇文王访。从此永不受折磨文王访贤在渭,谋望求财皆如意心,交易出行皆如意疾病口舌司离身渭水试贤大吉。此卦者交好运气。
第四十卦 边堆磨贫 (中吉)
卦中有像如推磨。顺当为福反为祸,心中有事选退。凡事尽心想。推磨忍育济。疾病口舌犯忧虑。谋望求财不着实。出门不遇行人来晚。走失难见目下无财无益事为。
第四十一卦 仪福天见 (上吉)
官长来占主高遇。庄农业增。生意买卖利边厚。交易逢六大通。来遇天宫福禄人间,谋吉利,忧愁渐去主人平安。日今诸事通便。出门转见灾病无。
第四十二卦 巢蛋灭焚 (下平)
宿鸟叠蛋巢,小人使计举火烧君子占此为不好,谋算劳宿多梦多运时婚姻合伙病仪医,交易有不利宿口事,出行费力行人未回,走失无信求财也须。
第四十三卦 鱼人待利 (中吉)
鸟拿蛤虫立沙滩,蛤虫立拿鸟两鱼翁得利,出门大吉百合面,卦若逢此大添喜,出门无移,交易可成无妨,生意兴隆。
第四十四卦 太发月健 (下平)
离西诸者,人儿深,提偷劫寨,后太发为凶时加食折捞祸时不侵。太发人造多愁,姻时帛费慌求,交易出行人不露头,管不昌,口有灾秧自忍下同保安康。
第四十五卦 小鬼偷钱 (中平)
多犯小鬼,君子运不高,合有人破。交易出行枉徒劳。为人多丈义不费力,
有心学仔细反被小鬼去。
第四十六卦 隔河望金 (下平)
隔河见一镀金,欲取岸宽水有深指资财到手难,夜思来枉费心,财隔着一条河崖宽水深不着。过日交节方利目下不易求磨,是及合无利。交易出行不如意。
第四十七卦 二人专路 (平平)
心中灾难数。恰是二人争走路。两下但不要争先。谁让谁救。是六争文人考。者逢六费主张交易出行阻碍生意合也平常,目下不易求财费力。
第四十八卦 仙人指路 (中吉)
心中有事犯忧:谋闲从前不着实,辜遇明人来指引,诸复悉自然消,仙人指路走路通,劝君任意走东西,交易求财不费力,生意合伙也相当,行人归来走失得见,请事无复。
第四十九卦 饿虎得食 (上上)
肥羊失群入山岗,饿虎逢六得口软,适口充肠心欢喜。求名应主高遇,出门吉利人是口非相平寻人得见走失得见。疾病而好。
第五十卦 夫妻反目 (下中)
与底太公不相和,进入占六复愁多,思人无意反为恕。是非平地起风波,夫妻反目不顺情,卦战望未有成,管惊,财帛若问事也不安宁。目下不必要太公,交结换然安息。
第五十一卦 发政施仁 (中吉)
君王无道民倒悬,常想发云问青天,幸得民主发仁政。重又安居中自然发仁政人土最高。出外求财人逍遥,姻交易有交益,大做失人有音,口消疾病见愈。求财求名随意家宅平安。
第五十二卦 喜报三元 (上吉)
子问满场的入肠间,三元及第得回圆,从令详会夏和间。但喜,地起风雷,吉报三元运气强,谋望望财大吉祥,交易出行多得意。是非口无防。
第五十三卦 工师卦木 (上中)
卦着工师教大犬、眼观该上路,时来运转多顺当,且管放心招职务,工师放木重生,买卖求材大享通、婚姻合求财皆如意,一切望皆有功,出门吉利口永避,疾病除行人即至。
第五十四卦 运气脱网 (中吉)
今日且有大风吹,砸网脱离灾难快,任逍遥密脱网。喜无边添财到手。诸事
逐心。
第五十五卦 明珠出土 (上上)
明珠尘理日久,课无兴,天亮到如今,忽然大风吹上去自然鲜明又从新露。明珠离埃出尖来,走失行人当见面,交易有成永灾,望茂最合,求财如意拿动财。
第五十六卦 船行顺风 (上吉)
顺风船拉起,相应又天协,一木棚风吹,不用费力逍遥去,任意而行大相通,船行顺风任飘蓬,投向准宜出行,交易出行不费力,一剂谋望事有成,走失可机,见官有理,姻最好,出门见喜。
第五十七卦 趁水和泥 (中吉)
这个卦象真有趣,有的作事不费力,休要错过这个机会,闲事觉得随心意趁水和泥加均匀。一投宿准安,出门高昌姻大有益,走失行人不费心,口消散。病遇良医求财到手,诸事大吉。
第五十八卦 摄杆插梯 (下平)
时运不来欺,千方百计与商议,明前来说好摄上杆去拆了梯,当交君事,容
听小人言,凡事谨慎,永不爱贫。
第五十九卦 鲤鱼化龙 (上吉)
游鱼戏水被肉纸,跳过笼门身化龙。三尽杨重金线,万鲤鱼温喜气能你,来口疾病且无灾,忧疑合消开锅门闲来福开门,鲤鱼化笼事重,求到手作事成。
第六十卦 萌芽出土 (平平)
运气莫金见失色,时来运转重发芽,自今极好无差,目喜心宽意大。脚踏棒棰悠悠。时运不来莫强求,幸得今日运转自有好事在后。好望有成。出门见笑走失来信,疾病安宁。
第六十一卦 雨雪截途 (下下)
大当倾满天,路上行人苦又寒,拖泥费水培尽力,事不逐心且耐烦。雪截途进泥泞,交不易定难出行,疾病锁性姻慢望求财事不成,行人未到投间不易,管事缠帛求名不准。
第六十二卦 二人分金 (上平)
天助财一卦金不争不抢两匀分彼此分金全到手一切求财庆多,口吉渐消疾病少走失行入归入窗,姻如意出行得力交易合大吉。
第六十三卦 急过独桥 (中吉)
行人过独桥木桥心内恍悟眼里看爽利保你过的去慢行一步不安牢。独木桥上路难行。主人心不安宁。交易合宜无成。姻不成莫胡为,求财到手官也平常目下交节自强。
第六十四卦 缘木求鱼 (下平)
求鱼顺当河水中树上求鱼不顺情:受尽爬山难,生意劳而无边运平常,缘木
求鱼多情虽不得地不但后离,随心枉安详,日令安作颠倒打算多虫心小。
范文三:有关圣诞节的英文资料
--------------------------------------------精品文档 Word可编辑 值得收藏------------------------------------------------
有关圣诞节的英文资料
according to the bible, the holy book of christians, god decided to allow his only son, jesus christ, to be born to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand god better and learn to love god and each other more. “christmas”- meaning “celebration of christ “-
honors the time when jesus was born to a young jewish woman mary.
mary was engaged to be married to joseph, a carpenter, but before they came together, she was found to be with child. because joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. but after he had considered this, an angel of the lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “do not be afraid to take mary home as your wife, because what is conceived
in her is from the holy spirit. she will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.”
基督(jesus)是这天生的啊,基督出生在伯利恒(bethlehem) mary是他的妈
妈.玛丽娅已和木匠约瑟夫订婚。可是,在他们同居之前,约瑟夫发现玛丽娅已
怀孕。因为约瑟夫是个正派的人,又不想把这件事说出去让她丢脸,所以他想悄
1 ----------------------------------------------------精品文档 值得收藏-----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------精品文档 Word可编辑 值得收藏------------------------------------------------
悄地和她分手。他正在考虑这事时,上帝的天使出现在他的梦中,对他说,“不要嘀咕了,把玛丽娅娶回家。她怀的孩子来自圣灵。她将生下个男孩子,你们给孩子起名叫耶稣,因为他将从罪恶中拯救人们。”
西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色,圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品,用砍伐来的杉、柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花,还点燃着圣诞蜡烛。
红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人,他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前,要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方,扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。
党员年终工作总结范文
回顾一年来的经历,有收获也有不足。思想上有了一定的进步,学习上也比较刻苦努力,现将我一年来的思想、工作和学习等方面的情况作一个总结性的汇报。
一、自觉加强理论学习,组织纪律性强
加强理论学习,首先是从思想上重视。理论源于实践,又高于实践。在过去的一年中,我主动加强对政治理论知识的学习,主要包括继续深入领会“三个代表”重要思想并配合支部的组织生活计划,切实地提高了自己的思想认识,同时注重加强对外界时政的了解,通过学习,提高了自己的政治敏锐性和鉴别能力,坚定了立场,坚定了信念,在大是大非问题面前,能够始终保持清醒的头脑。
今年我顺利转正,成为一名中共正式党员,这给了我无限的信心的同时也有更多的压力。时刻提醒着我注意,什么是一个党员该做的,什么是不该做的,更促进了我的进步。首先,我深刻而清楚地认识到自己的缺点和不足,并在生活中循序渐进地改善,一个人改正错误和缺点的过程我想不会再一朝一夕。所以我做好了充分的心理准备。尤其,在组织生活会上,同志们再次提出了我的不足之处,这使我感到自己还有很多路要走还有很多是要学,当然自己的努力是少不了的。
2 ----------------------------------------------------精品文档 值得收藏-----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------精品文档 Word可编辑 值得收藏------------------------------------------------
我有信心明年总结的时候可以完全改正一些不足和缺点。因为我是一名党员了,就应该拿出吃苦耐劳的精神,如果连自己的缺点都不能克服还谈什么先锋模范作用。这一年里,我积极响应学校组织的多次党员活动,配合当前的理论前沿,为自己补充新鲜血液。
当然,加强理论学习仍将是今后工作和生活中的一项主要的内容。不断加强学习,以适应社会发展的需要,不断的提高自己的政治理论素质,以适应社会经济发展的客观要求。
二、学习刻苦,积极参加各种活动
作为新世纪的高等学府的学子,我很骄傲,当然压力也从来没有离开过。研究生的课程学习并不是很重,但是老师的宽松对我来说就像是无形的压力。突然感觉自己好像有好多东西需要学习,所以我不敢放松学习,希望在有限的学生生涯中更多地学到点东西,为将来能更好地为人民服务作准备。所以,我从来不旷课,课上也是认真听讲,当然学习之余也应该劳逸结合。
在今年学校的运动会上,我报名参加了舞蹈队的表演,从这次活动中,不但认识了不少同学,也给了我一个锻炼自己交际能力的场所,增加了自己的群众基础。自己从这次活动中收获不少,就是从这次活动中,我知道了,只要有决心,没有做不到的事。
三、严格要求自己,养成良好的生活习惯
进入研究生的学习和生活,相对来说环境比较宽松,我刚开始也放松了对自己的要求,直接的表现就是早上起床经常不叠被了。在一次学习马祖光院士的活动中,我受到了深深的震撼,一位院士有着如此节俭的生活,对一件事可以几十年如一日的坚持完成,多么伟大的人格啊!这使我反省自己,连起码的生活礼仪都不注意,在关键时刻也许想注意都难了。从那一天起,我就再也没有不叠被,感觉自己从那时起,就有了生活原则,有了自我监督机制,每天都会想想今天还有什么没有干好,或是还有什么原定计划没有完成。我深刻地感到,一个好习惯一生受益。注意将工作、学习、娱乐、休息有机的结合起来,将8小时以外的时间合理的利用起来,养成良好的生活习惯。
3 ----------------------------------------------------精品文档 值得收藏-----------------------------------------------------------
范文四:有关电动车的英文资料
NREL/CP-540-30601
Modeling Grid-Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using ADVISOR
Tony Markel and Keith Wipkea
a
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401
a
ABSTRACT
The overall system efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle is highly dependent on the energy management strategy employed. In this paper, an electric utility grid-connected energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is presented. ADVISOR was used as a modeling tool to determine the appropriate size of the hybrid components and the energy management strategy parameter settings. Simulation results demonstrated that with this strategy it is possible to achieve double the fuel economy of a comparable conventional vehicle while satisfying all performance constraints. In addition, the final vehicle design provides an all-electric range capability in excess of 20 miles.
a battery pack. The vehicle is then propelled by an electric Introduction
drive motor. The powerplant is not coupled directly to the
wheels and can run in its most efficient operating region. In Hybrid electric vehicles are under development today by
a parallel hybrid, the powerplant (ICE) and the electric various manufacturers. These vehicles are currently
motor can both provide power to the driveline in parallel. marketed as one way to improve the efficiency of our
This design provides a direct mechanical path for power transportation system and to help reduce our dependence on
delivery between the engine and the wheels. A combined and consumption of foreign petroleum. Engineers at the
series/parallel hybrid, like the Toyota Prius, exhibits some National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with the
of the characteristics of both parallel and series hybrids. support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) have
developed a software tool to help engineers in the
The vehicle configurations can then be grouped into sub-automotive industry make educated design decisions during
categories by the vehicle energy management strategy. A the early stages of development of new hybrid electric
common energy management strategy employed today is a vehicles. Typically, there are multiple designs that may
charge-sustaining strategy. In this case, the state of charge meet or exceed the perceived demands of the customer. This
(SOC) of the battery pack will be maintained by the on-software package, called ADVISOR, allows users to quickly
board powerplant as necessary. An alternative approach is a move through the initial stages of vehicle design.
charge-depleting or grid-connected strategy (3,4). This
strategy relies mainly on grid electricity to charge the ADVISOR has been built in the Matlab/Simulink
battery pack while the vehicle is not in use. It attempts to computing environment and is freely available via the
fully utilize the capabilities of both the battery pack and the on-board powerplant. While in use, the vehicle will use the program evaluates the performance of a vehicle in a
battery pack and electric motor alone to propel the vehicle combined backward-forward facing approach (1). On a time
when it is most efficient to do so. The on-board powerplant basis, the program calculates what is required from each
is used as the primary power source only when it would not component, working backwards through the vehicle from
be an effective use of battery power (i.e. high-speed the wheels to the powerplant, in order for the vehicle to
operation) or to maintain the state of charge of the battery follow the desired speed trace. As the requirements are
pack. The advantages of this strategy include its ability to passed from one component to the next, performance limits
use off-peak electricity and to provide emissions free are enforced. On the forward path, the performance of the
operation for extended periods. It is possible that a large downstream components is updated based on limits
portion of normal driving could be covered all electrically enforced in upstream components. This approach simplifies
with this approach. A major drawback of this strategy is the the calculation process and eliminates the need to iteratively
cost and weight penalties incurred due to a large electric solve at each time step. The disadvantage in this approach is
drive system. that it is difficult to generate true control algorithms that can
be carried directly to a finished product.
NREL recently participated in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Working Group (HEV/WG) by providing modeling support Existing hybrid electric designs can be broken into three
in the analysis of the potential of hybrid electric vehicles, basic categories, 1) series, 2) parallel, and 3) combined
including grid-connected hybrids. The HEV/WG focused on series/parallel (2). The vehicle is characterized by the
3 vehicle classes; small car, mid-size car, and sport utility connection of the various components within the vehicle
vehicle and 4 vehicle designs; conventional (CV) and and the energy flow pathway. A series hybrid consists of a
parallel hybrids with minimal (HEV0), 20 miles (HEV20), powerplant providing electricity (i.e. internal combustion
60 miles (HEV60) of all-electric range capability (5). The engine (ICE)/generator combination, or fuel cell system) to
Copyright ? 2001 IEEE. Reprinted from “Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances: Proceedings of the Conference 9-12 January
2001, Long Beach, California.” This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE
HEV/WG was lead by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) with representation from government, the auto industry, the utility industry, and academia.
As a result of NREL’s participation in the HEV/WG several model enhancements were made to ADVISOR to provide the capability to model grid-connected hybrid electric vehicles. This paper will provide an overview of a grid-connected energy management strategy as modeled using ADVISOR 3.0. It will also highlight the flexibility of such a depleting and a charge-sustaining strategy. Figure 1 shows graphically how this biasing is applied based on battery pack state of charge while simulating vehicle operation over eight Urban Dynamometer Drive Schedules (UDDS). As the SOC falls, usage of the engine increases while usage of the electric motor decreases, thus reducing the rate of decrease of the SOC.
Table 1: Energy Management Strategy Parameters
vehicle. It should be noted that the results published here are based on knowledge obtained through participation in the HEV/WG. However, the results presented in this paper constitute an entirely separate study with a smaller scope.
Energy Management Strategy
The energy management strategy of a hybrid electric vehicle is extremely important. It defines how and when energy and power will be provided or consumed by the various components within the vehicle. In a grid-connected hybrid electric vehicle the strategy will attempt to bias the energy flows towards battery pack usage while the pack exhibits a high state of charge. As the state of charge of the pack begins to fall, the strategy will bias the energy usage more towards the engine in order to maintain state of charge in the pack and to prevent pack damage and reduced cycle
Figure 1: Vehicle Operation Using Grid-Connected Energy Management Strategy on Repeated UDDS
cs_lo_soc -- lowest desired SOC of
battery pack
cs_hi_soc -- highest desired SOC of
battery pack
cs_charge_trq Nm load applied to the engine
to charge/discharge the batteries based on SOC
cs_min_trq_frac -- fraction of maximum
engine torque above which engine must operate if SOC<>
cs_electric_launch_spd_lo m/s vehicle speed below which
vehicle attempts to run all electrically at low SOC
vehicle attempts to run all electrically at high SOC
This biasing within the strategy is achieved through an engine on/off state computer and logic to determine the amount of power to request from the engine when it is on. The main parameters used to implement this control logic in ADVISOR for charge-depleting hybrid electric vehicles have been detailed in Table 1.
30
.
) 25s /m ( d e 20
e p S h c n 15
u a L c i r 10
t c e l E 5
00
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
State of Charge (--)
Figure 2: Vehicle Electric Launch Speed Energy Management Strategy
Figure 2 provides a graphical representation of the electric launch speed control strategy parameter application. Based on the current SOC and vehicle speed the engine state can be determined. Above the solid line the engine will be on while below the solid line the vehicle will attempt to run all electrically.
The following basic engine state computer has been implemented in the charge-depleting strategy in ADVISOR:
Engine must be on if,
1) motor/battery power is insufficient to meet the
driver demand
Engine can be off if,
1) vehicle speed is less than electric launch speed
2) driveline torque demand is negative (i.e.
Table 2: Vehicle Assumptions
Aerodynamic drag coefficient 0.327 -- Coefficient of rolling resistance 0.008 -- Frontal area 2.174 m Wheel radius 0.313 m Vehicle glider massAverage DC/DC converter efficiency 85 % deceleration event)
Figure 3 depicts the engine load modification strategy graphically. When the engine is on, the torque requested of the engine by the driveline may be modified based on the battery pack SOC to provide more or less power which enforces battery charging or discharging, respectively. The strategy employed is a simple linear model which requests cs_charge_trq when SOC=cs_lo_soc, –cs_charge_trq when SOC=cs_hi_soc, and interpolates at SOC’s within this range. This load is in addition to the driveline load. Finally, a minimum engine torque fraction may be enforced if the SOC falls below the cs_lo_soc setting.
e
u q r o T e n i g n E Engine Speed
Figure 3: Engine Load Modification Strategy, 1) Drivetrain Load, 2) Modified Load @ SOC=cs_lo_soc, 3) Modified Load @ SOC=cs_hi_soc, 4) Modified Load @ SOC<>
Vehicle Assumptions and Constraints
In this study the performance constraints and the vehicle assumptions will be the same as those used in the study by the HEV/WG for the mid-size vehicle which were based on the conventional vehicle. Table 2 details the basic vehicle assumptions while Table 3 defines the performance constraints used in this study.
Table 3: Performance Constraints
Special Conditions @ 50 mph for 7.2 % 1) initial SOC = charge sustaining SOC 15 min. 2) final SOC > 20% 30 min. 2) final SOC > 20% 50-70 mph 5.1 s Top Speed >90 mph Cycle charge->20% UDDS, HWFET, US06, and SC03
sustaining SOC
In Table 3, the terms initial SOC, final SOC, and charge-sustaining SOC have been introduced. The initial SOC is the state of the battery pack at the start of the test and the final SOC is the state at the end of the test. The charge-sustaining SOC is the SOC at which the vehicle when driven over a typical drive cycle will start and end at the same state. In this analysis the charge-sustaining SOC was between 0.2 and 0.3 depending on the drive cycle.
Design Process
The following steps define the design process employed:
1) Select baseline components
2) Resize components as necessary based on
performance constraints
3) Optimize control strategy parameters for fuel
economy and electric range on drive cycles. Table 4: Hybrid Vehicle Base Components
Description Engine FC_CI67_emis Volkswagen 1.9 L TDI (67 kW) Motor Permanent Magnet Motor Transmission TX_5SPD_CI 5-speed manual geared for CI
engines
Battery Pack ESS_45NIMH_Ovonic Ovonic 45 Ah NiMH Module
1
Vehicle glider mass is equal to vehicle curb weight minus powertrain mass. 2
UDDS = Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule; HWFET = Highway Fuel Economy Test; US06 = high speed aggressive driving cycle, SC03 = extreme thermal load driving schedule. These cycles are used or will be used in federal procedures in the near future to quantify the fuel economy and emissions performance of vehicles.
In this study the components detailed in Table 4 were selected from the ADVISOR database as the baseline components. The 1.9 L Volkswagen engine was selected because it is a fairly modern diesel engine with a high-resolution data set collected by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Honda EV Plus motor was selected because it carries with it a high degree of confidence. Honda engineers using ADVISOR contributed this data set. It is appropriate technology (permanent magnet) for this application since the vehicle will operate as an electric If an electric drivetrain efficiency of 250 Wh/mi is assumed then to achieve 40 miles of all electric operation, a pack with 10 kWh of useful energy is required. Assuming that only 75% of the pack capacity is usable on a daily basis then a 13.3 kWh pack results. Using the Ovonic 45 Ah modules this results in a pack consisting of 22 modules connected in series. This pack, capable of 88 kW at 50% SOC, will increase the base vehicle mass by 185 kg. This pack is considerably larger than those used in production hybrids today (Toyota Prius ~1.8 kWh, Honda Insight ~0.9 vehicle during a large portion of typical driving. Finally, the Ovonic 45 Ah NiMH modules were selected based on their performance specifications of 67 Wh/kg and 550 W/kg as quoted by Ovonic (3). The high specific energy of these modules should lead to significant all-electric range for a small weight penalty.
These base components may not be just the right size to provide the desired vehicle performance but they exhibit the state of the art performance characteristics desired in this study. Using ADVISOR the base components will be linearly scaled as necessary to satisfy the design objectives.
To determine the appropriate component sizes for this vehicle many performance aspects must be evaluated simultaneously. These include,
? Acceleration ? Gradeability
? Drive cycle operation from a high SOC (EV mode) ? Drive cycle operation from a low SOC (hybrid
mode)
? Electric range
Electric Range and Battery Pack Size
In this study all electric range (AER) is assumed to end when the engine first turns on during a drive cycle.3 In addition, a second parameter, defined as EV miles, will be calculated. This second parameter is the sum of all miles driven with the engine off. All of these miles can not be counted as emissions free miles because at some point after the end of the AER, the engine is on. Once the engine has been used to propel the vehicle, it has provided kinetic energy to the vehicle. Some of this energy will at some point during the cycle be collected via regenerative braking and stored in the battery for future use. In addition, some of the battery energy may have come directly from the engine via the charge maintenance algorithm. As a result, this energy stored in the battery can be associated at least in part to engine operation and emissions production. Thus the propulsion energy can no longer be considered emissions free even though the vehicle is propelled electrically.
3
This assumption is based on current test procedures of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE J1711, 1999) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB, 1999).
kWh). It is likely that this pack will cost 5-10 times that of packs in current hybrids simply based on rated capacity.
Drive Cycle Operation and Motor Size
In this study, the motor size was primarily defined by the drive cycle operation from a high SOC. Secondly, it should be matched to the battery pack capabilities. For the current Federal Test Procedure standards, the vehicle must not miss the speed trace by more than 2 mph at any time. It was assumed that these standards would carry over to the additional drive cycles that compose the SAE J1711 Recommended Practice (6). For this vehicle to follow all of the acceleration events below the vehicle electric launch speed in the US06 cycle it required an electric motor of 73.5 kW. To achieve this power level it was assumed that the electronic controls of the motor could be modified to allow short duration operation of 50% higher than its continuous operating region. As a result, it was not necessary to scale the base electric motor. This effectively allows the electric motor to operate at higher load fractions and thus higher efficiency a majority of the time.
Drive Cycle Operation and Engine Size
With the electric components sized, the minimum engine size to satisfy grade, acceleration, and drive cycle requirements was determined. A small engine is important to allow significant gains in operating efficiency while in charge-sustaining mode. In this analysis, operating in the charge-sustaining mode on the US06 cycle was the active constraint that determined the engine size. A 38 kW engine was required to maintain the state of charge of the battery pack. The mass and torque capability of the base engine was scaled linearly to satisfy this requirement. In combination with the electric components, this engine size produced a vehicle that exceeded the grade and acceleration performance constraints.
Table 5 summarizes the final component sizes based on enforcement of all of the active vehicle performance constraints.
attempt to modify the engine load to maintain the state of charge in the battery pack while preventing inefficient
engine operation. The cs_charge_trq parameter is slightly Engine Peak Power 38 kW more flexible because it provides the ability to discharge the Motor Peak Power 73.5 kW
pack as desired and it is functional at all states of charge
Battery Pack Capacityrather than just below the low SOC setting. The Battery Pack PowerTable 5: Final Vehicle Component Characteristics
Vehicle Mass 1545 kg
Parametric Study on Energy Management Strategy
With the vehicle components defined, the next step was to evaluate the energy management strategy options. This was accomplished using ADVISOR’s built-in parametric study capabilities. First, desirable values of cs_charge_trq and cs_min_trq_frac
were determined. Refer to Table 1 and Figure 3 for
Figure 4: All Electric Range after Completion of 60
Miles of UDDS Operation
Figure 5: Cumulative EV Miles after Completion of 60 Miles of UDDS Operation 4
Capacity from 100% to 0% SOC at C/1 constant current discharge. 5
Maximum power at 50% SOC above minimum voltage (200 V) for 10 second duration. Assumed internal resistance of 0.2134 Ohms at 50% SOC.
cs_min_trq_frac parameter is useful for preventing very low engine load points. Therefore, cs_min_trq_frac was set to 0.1 (i.e. 10% engine load). To provide charge-sustaining
operation on the US06 drive cycle, cs_charge_trq was set to 10 Nm. However, it was also determined that to provide acceptable charge-sustaining operation on the SC03 cycle, the cs_charge_trq parameter would need to be 25 Nm. It was assumed that the on-board vehicle computer would be intelligent enough to adjust this charge maintenance
parameter based on knowledge that the air conditioning system is in use.
Figure 6: Fuel Economy (gasoline equivalent) after
Completion of 60 miles of UDDS Operation
Figure 7: Final SOC after Completion of 60 miles of UDDS Operation
Next, it was necessary to define how the vehicle will operate with the battery pack between the high state of charge and low state of charge. Figure 2 shows the basic
implementation of the vehicle speed and battery pack state dependent engine operation. Remember that above the solid line, the engine will be on, while below the line the vehicle will try operate all electrically. All four of the parameters defining this curve are adjustable. For this study, cs_lo_soc was fixed at 0.3 to force the charge sustaining operation to be between 20% and 30% SOC for all drive cycles. Additionally, cs_electric_launch_spd_hi was fixed at 26.8 m/s to provide significant AER on the UDDS and HWFET cycles. The effects of the other two parameters, cs_hi_soc and cs_electric_launch_spd_lo, on AER, EV miles, fuel economy, and final SOC were then evaluated through a parametric study.
Figure 4 through Figure 7 provide a summary of the parametric study results. For each parameter set, the vehicle was simulated over 8 repeated UDDS cycles with the first cycle starting with a full state of charge. For each case, ADVISOR stored the resulting AER, EV miles, fuel economy and final SOC.
Several conclusions can be drawn from these plots. Based on Figure 4, it is clear that the AER is only a function of cs_hi_soc. By comparing Figure 6 to Figure 5 and to Figure 4, it is clear that the gasoline equivalent fuel economy is more a function of cumulative EV miles than it is of AER. The fuel economy contour trends are more similar to the EV miles contours than the AER contours. Lastly, it is important to note that as the cs_electric_launch_spd_lo increases, the final SOC decreases dramatically as shown in Figure 7. This means that the charge-sustaining point in these cases maybe significantly below the 20% constraint. Based on this study, the cs_hi_soc was set at 0.6 and the cs_electric_launch_spd_lo was set at 7 m/s. This provides a vehicle with sufficient AER to qualify for significant Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (PZEV) credits by CARB standards. It also achieves significant EV miles and provides excellent fuel economy while offering charge-sustaining operation near 0.3 SOC on the UDDS cycle. Note that a vehicle with less than 20 miles of AER can only qualify for up to 0.3 PZEV credits. Also note that the AER constraint of 40 miles has been relaxed in this design in favor of more EV miles and better fuel economy although the vehicle is still capable of satisfying the constraint with a different set of control strategy parameters. Clearly, this energy management Table 6: Final Energy Management Strategy Parameter Settings
approach provides considerable flexibility and the chosen design is only one possibility. Table 6 summarizes the final energy management strategy parameter settings for this study.
Results
Acceleration and Gradeability
To confirm that this design satisfies the initial constraints, the acceleration and gradeability performance of the vehicle was quantified using ADVISOR. Table 7 summarizes the vehicle performance. In Table 7 the grade performance for 15 minutes is measured using an initial SOC of 30% and a final SOC of 20% while the continuous performance is measured with the battery pack disabled.
Table 7: Acceleration and Gradeability Performance
50-70 mph 4.8 s @ 50 mph continuously
7.5 %
SAE J1711 Recommended Practice
The J1711 Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the evaluation of emissions and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles. Figure 8 provides a diagram of the various parts of the test. The partial charge test (PCT) measures performance in charge-sustaining operation while the full charge test (FCT) measures all electric range and performance in electric mode. The PCT-CV and FCT-EV are required tests only for vehicles with an operator initiated conventional-only or electric-only modes, respectively. Figure 8: SAE J1711 Recommended Practice Test Matrix
The FCT tests are only run for vehicles with off-board charge capability. Based on the electric range measurement the vehicle is given a utility factor (UF). The utility factor is Nm
used to weight the FCT and PCT results to produce the FCT-UF value and to account for the limited utility (range) of the FCT mode. The final value is then the average of
PCT and FCT-UF. The final value assumes that it is as
likely that the vehicle will start each day with a partial 6
cs_charge_trq=25Nm for SC03 cycle only
charge as it is that it will leave with a full charge. By design, a grid-connected vehicle should be fully charged each evening. Therefore, the FCT-UF value is the most appropriate value to consider for these vehicles if operated as designed. Each of the tests shown in the tree is performed for four drive cycles; UDDS, HWFET, US06, and SC03.
This entire recommended practice has been coded into ADVISOR and when initiated, provides a special results screen with a tree format like the one shown in Figure 8. Table 8 provides a summary of the J1711 test results for this vehicle. The US06 and SC03 fuel economy data is presented only for reference purposes. These cycles will be used only for emissions certification.
Table 8: SAE J1711 Results Summary
Test Fuel Economy mpgge 43.0 50.0 34.9 32.4 Final SOC -- 0.279 0.335 0.211 0.21
Full Charge Test
Utility Factor (UF) -- 0.356 0.366 0.016 0.263
Fuel Economy mpgge 104.8 91.6 45.1 58.8 Fuel Economy, UF
Fuel Economy,
Final
The results in Table 8 show that the fuel economy both on the partial charge test and the full charge test vary widely depending on the drive cycle. The SC03 cycle fuel economies are low due to the large electrical accessory load of the air conditioning system while the US06 economies are low because of its aggressive behavior. The full charge test results include both the energy required to charge the battery back to its initial state (with an assumed wall charger efficiency of 85%) and any fuel used. In comparison, the conventional vehicle on which this vehicle is based achieves approximately 27 mpg city/highway composite. Compared to the utility factor weighted fuel economy results (Table 9), it is clear that the grid-connected energy management strategy in a parallel hybrid vehicle could provide a doubling of the fuel economy with respect to a comparable conventional vehicle.
Table 9: Composite Fuel Economy Comparison
Conclusions
In this paper a grid-connected energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle was discussed. ADVISOR was used to determine both the appropriate component sizes and the control strategy parameter values.
These results showed that it is possible to achieve a doubling of the fuel economy over a comparable conventional vehicle while still satisfying performance constraints. The final vehicle design provided greater than 20 mile all electric range capability. This characteristic would allow the vehicle to qualify for significant PZEV credits. However, since the grid-connected hybrid vehicle design requires a large energy storage system, it is likely that there will be a significant incremental cost associated with this design. It was also demonstrated that the vehicle could be designed to achieve significant electric miles beyond the AER. The additional electric miles contribute to a composite utility factor weighted fuel economy of 56.8 mpgge for city and highway driving.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the entire HEV/WG for their dedication, patience, and assistance during the entire HEV/WG project. Special recognition is due to Mark Kosowski (General Motors) for his contributions of data and working knowledge; Andy Frank (Univ. of California, Davis) for his creative ideas and know-how; and Michael Lechner (Electric Power Research Institute) for his leadership.
References
1. Wipke, K., Cuddy, M., Burch, S., ADVISOR 2.1: A
User-Friendly Advanced Powertrain Simulation Using a Combined Backward/Forward Approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology: Special Issue on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. 1999.
2. Cuddy, M., Wipke, K., Analysis of the Fuel Economy
Benefit of Drivetrain Hybridization. SAE 970289, 1997.
3. Corrigan D., et al, Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries for
ZEV-Range Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 17th Intl. Electric Vehicle Symposium. Montreal, Canada. 2000.
4. Alexander, M., et al, A Mid-Size Sedan Design for High
Fuel Economy and Low Emissions: The UC Davis FutureCar . 1999.
5. HEV/WG Draft Final Report. 2000.
6. SAE J1711 Recommended Practice for Measuring the
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles. 1999.
范文五:有关圣诞节的英文资料
The Christmas and New Year?s Day
December 25th is the day of celebration and of fun and frolic. As the long awaited winter holidays arrive, Christmas spirit builds up. The lovely snowflakes, our dear Santa, decorated homes complete with whole range of Christmas star, mistletoe, the good-luck plant, ivy, laurels and not the least the beautifully decorated and illuminated Christmas tree are some of the inseparable parts of the picture. The soft music of the Christmas carols and children eager to open their gifts certainly lend unique warmth to the coldest day of the year.
The birth of Christ is perhaps the most popular festival around the world. The dark night sky, the chilly winters all just provide the perfect backdrop for the reigning red and green colors that cheer up the entire scenery. People visit their families and arrange some of the most lavish parties. The most awaited festival, the Christmas signifies love and kindness, joy and happiness. The holiday spirit of the season in one word is - infectious!
12月25日是庆祝的节日和乐趣和嬉戏。期待已久的寒假的到来,圣诞节的精神建造。
这个可爱的雪花,我们亲爱的圣诞装饰房屋完成整个范围的圣诞星、槲寄生植物,好运,艾薇,
荣誉而不是最精美的装饰圣诞树,并有一些不可分割的部分图片。柔和的音乐的圣诞颂歌和
孩子们想打开礼物的独特的确借温暖溶化的一天。
基督的诞生也许是最受欢迎的节日环游世界。黑暗的夜空,寒冷的冬天都提供了完美的
背景为执政红白绿三色,振作起来整个风景。人们参观他们的家庭和安排一些最奢华的政党。
最期待的节日,圣诞节意味着爱和仁慈、欢乐和幸福。这个节日的精神在这个赛季是一个字
——传染性!
Germans parade giant Christmas cake
The German city of Dresden celebrated the start of the Christmas season on Saturday by parading a giant stollen through the streets of the old baroque town. Don't know what a Stollen is? Stollen is a bread-like cake traditionally made in Germany and usually eaten during the Christmas season.
Dresden's giant Stollen ceremony is now a famous feature of the Christmas market, which takes place in the city every year.
On Saturday crowds of people gathered in the old town of Dresden to get a taste
UK shoppers spend big on Christmas
Heavy snow has caused havoc across the UK, but it hasn't dampened people's passion for shopping just one day ahead of Christmas.
Shoppers crowd London's Oxford Street - one of the city's best known shopping areas - on what is predicted to be the busiest shopping day of the year.
The UK's shoppers are expected to spend an average of 833,000 pounds every minute according to analysis by Visa Europe.
Unexpectedly heavy snow prevented many shoppers from completing their Christmas purchases at the weekend - and the catch up buyers will be joined by the habitual last minuters. A shopper said, "Because of the snow we didn't get out earlier in the week which we thought we might do."
Another shopper said, "I always leave things to the last minute but this is fairly early for me there is a day and half to go."
Across Europe the snow has been a major delayer of Christmas purchasing according to the CEO of Euro Commerce, Xavier Durieu who send spending had been well down in recent weeks. He said, "Some countries speak about roughly the minus ten percent due to the consumer not going shopping and for trucks being prevented accessing the shops in many countries such as Germany, France, Belgium and Netherlands."
So much so that catch up buying will amount to 2 billion pounds spent on Visa in one day across European countries.
Visa Europe predicts over 18,000 card transactions every minute, with around 124,000 pounds spent per second in the final push for gifts and supplies before Christmas. Richard Dodd from the British Retail Consortium said it should finally be good news for retailers. He said, " I think there is a really significant amount of catch up shopping so shopping that people weren't able to do because of the weather disruption last weekend and earlier on in the month and I think on top of the food shopping that will make today a big day and that is certainly what retailers are looking for. "
It's predicted that Thursday's spending is set to smash previous records.
Visa expects to process around 26.5 million transactions.
UK shoppers are also expected to buy now before a rise in purchasing tax VAT is introduced in January.
Christmas celebrations grow in China
Christians make up less than two percent of China's population, but Christmas has quickly gained popularity in the country. Department stores, shops and markets are cashing in by selling a large variety of festive gifts and decorations.
Without much religious significance attached to it as in the West, Christmas has become a day for Chinese to shop and enjoy.
Shop owner Chen Zhenfen said, "The business during Christmas is much better than the Chinese New Year. Because celebrating Christmas is a popular trend in China. Christmas goods have become very important to customers such as clubs and restaurants."
Chen says she makes about 100,000 yuan a day in sales during the Christmas season. Li Jin, Property Management Co. Employee, said, "I just bought some decorations and Christmas trees, mainly for creating a kind of Christmas atmosphere and decking the residence compound. I've spent about one thousand yuan."
For most residents in Beijing, Christmas offers them another good reason to celebrate. Beijing resident Li Ya said, "Chinese new year is a traditional festival for all the Chinese, but Christmas has become an important holiday for the young people."
Some people also believe that celebrating the festival is also a sign of China going international. According to a report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Christian religion is spreading quickly in China. Among all Christians in the country, about 73.4 percent became Christian after 1993.
下面是经典古文名句赏析~~不需要的朋友,
可以下载后编辑删除~~谢谢
经典古文名篇(一);1.陋室铭刘禹锡(唐)字梦得《刘梦得文集》;山不在高,有仙则名;2(马说韩愈(唐)字退之《昌黎先生集》;世有伯乐,然后有千里马;马之千里者,一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn);策之不以其道,食(sì)之不能尽其材(才),鸣之;3(师说韩愈(唐);古之学者必有师;嗟乎~师道之不传也久矣~欲人之无惑也难矣~古之圣;圣人无常师;李氏子蟠,年十七
经典古文名篇(一)
1. 陋室铭 刘禹锡(唐)字梦得 《刘梦得文集》
山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋之有,
2(马说 韩愈(唐) 字退之《昌黎先生集》
世有伯乐,然后有千里马。千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马,只辱于奴隶人之手,骈死于槽枥之间,不以千里称也。
马之千里者,一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn)。食(sì)马者不知千里而食(sì)也。是马也,虽有千里之能,食(shí)不饱,力不足,才美不外见(现),且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也,
策之不以其道,食(sì)之不能尽其材(才),鸣之而不能通其意,执策而临之,曰:“天下无马~”呜呼~其真无马邪(ye),其真不知马也。
3(师说 韩愈(唐)
古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受(授)业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑,惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎,是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。
嗟乎~师道之不传也久矣~欲人之无惑也难矣~古之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉;今之众人,其下圣人也亦远矣,而耻学于师。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎,爱其子,择师而教之;于其身也,则耻师焉,惑矣。彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读(d?u)者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不(fǒu)焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人,不耻相师。士大夫之族,曰师曰弟子云者,则群聚而笑之。问之,则曰:“彼与彼年相若也,道相似也,位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀。”呜呼~师道之不复,可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤~
圣人无常师。孔子师郯(tán)子、苌(cháng)弘、师襄、老聃(dàn)。郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:三人行,则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已。
李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六艺经传皆通习之,不拘于时,学于余。余嘉其能行古道,作《师说》以贻之。
4.爱莲说 周敦颐(北宋) 字茂叔《周元公集》
水陆草木之花,可爱者甚藩(fán)。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来,世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖,中通外直,不蔓不枝,香远益清,亭亭净植,可远观而不可亵玩焉。
予谓菊,花之隐逸者也;牡丹,花之富贵者也;莲,花之君子者也。噫~菊之爱,陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱,同予者何人,牡丹之爱,宜乎众矣~
5.得道多助,失道寡助 《孟子?公孙丑》(战国)名轲 字子舆
天时不如地利,地利不如人和。
三里之城,七里之郭,环而攻之而不胜。夫还而攻之,必有得天时者矣,然而不胜者,是天时不如地利也。
城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也,米粟非不多也,委而去之,是地利不如人和也。
故曰,域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助,失道者寡助。寡助之至,亲戚畔(叛)之。多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔,故君子有不战,战必胜矣。
6(生于忧患,死于安乐 《孟子?告子》
舜发于畎亩之中,傅说(yua)举于版筑之间,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾(增)益其所不能。
人恒过,然后能改;困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。入则无法家拂(bì)士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。然后知生于忧患,而死于安乐也。
7(鱼我所欲也 《孟子》
鱼,我所欲也,熊掌,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生,亦我所欲也,义,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲,所欲有甚于生者,故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶,所恶有甚于死者,故患有所不避也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生,则凡可以得生者何不用也,使人之所恶莫甚于死者,则凡可以避患者何不为也,由是则生而有不用也;由是则可以避患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者,所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也,人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳。
一箪食,一豆羹,得之则生,弗得则死。呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之,乞人不屑也。
万钟则不辨礼义而受之,万钟于我何加焉~为宫室之美,妻妾之奉,所识穷乏者得我欤,向为身死而不受,今为宫室之美为之;向为身死而不受,今为妻妾之奉为之;向为身死而不受,今为所识穷乏者得我而为之:是亦不可以已乎,此之谓失其本心。
8(劝学 《荀子》(战国)名况
君子曰:学不可以已。青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝;冰,水为之,而寒于水。木直中(zh?ng)绳,以为轮,其曲中规。虽有(又)槁(gào)暴(pù),不复挺者,使之然也。故木受绳则直,金就砺则利,君子博学而日参(cān)省乎己,则知明而行无过矣。
吾尝终日而思矣,不如须臾之所学也;吾尝跂(qí)而望矣,不如登高之博见也。登高而招,臂非加长也,而见者远;顺风而呼,声非加疾也,而闻者彰。假舆马者,非利足也,而致千里;假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。君子生(性)非异也,善假于物也。
积土成山,风雨兴焉;积水成渊,蛟龙生焉;积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉。故不积跬步,无以至千里;不积小流,无以成江海。骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,功在不舍。锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,不饮黄泉,用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者,用心躁也。
9(问说 刘开(清)字明东、方来 号孟涂
君子学必好问。问与学,相辅而行者也,非学无以致疑,非问无以广识。好学而不勤问,非真能好学者也。理明矣,而或不达于事,识其大矣,而或不知其细,舍问,其奚决焉,
贤于己者,问焉以破其疑,所谓就有道而正也。不如己者,问焉以求一得,所谓以能问于不能,以多问于寡也。等于己者,问焉以资切磋,所谓交相问难(nàn),审问而明辨之也。《书》不云乎,“好问则裕。”孟子论“求放心”,而并称曰“学问之道”,学即继以问也。子思言“尊德性”,而归于“道问学”,问且先于学也。
古之人虚中乐善,不择事而问焉,不择人而问焉,取其有益于身而已。是故狂夫之言,圣人择之,刍荛(ráo)之微,先民询之,舜以天子而询于匹夫,以大知而察及迩言,非苟为谦,诚取善之弘也。三代而下,有学而无问,朋友之交,至于劝善规过足矣,其以义理相咨访,孜孜焉唯进修是急,未之多见也,况流俗乎,
是己而非人,俗之同病。学有未达,强(qiǎng)以为知,理有未安,妄以臆度(duo),
如是,则终身几无可问之事。贤于己者,忌之而不愿问焉,不如己者,轻之而不屑问焉,等于己者,狎之而不甘问焉,如是,则天下几无可问之人。人不足服矣,事无可疑矣,此唯师心自用耳。夫自用,其小者也;自知其陋而谨护其失,宁使学终不进,不欲虚以下人,此为害于心术者大,而蹈之者常十之。
不然,则所问非所学焉:询天下之异文鄙事以快言论;甚且心之所已明者,问之人以试其能,事之至难解者,问之人以穷其短。而非是者,虽有切于身心性命之事,可以收取善之益,求一屈己焉而不可得也。嗟乎~学之所以不能几(jī)于古者,非此之由乎,
且夫不好问者,由心不能虚也;心之不虚,由好学之不诚也。亦非不潜心专力之敌,其学非古人之学,其好亦非古人之好也,不能问宜也。
智者千虑,必有一失。圣人所不知,未必不为愚人之所知也;愚人之所能,未必非圣人之不能也。理无专在,而学无止境也,然则问可少耶,《周礼》,外朝以询万民,国之政事尚问及庶人,是故贵可以问贱,贤可以问不肖,而老可以问幼,唯道之所成而已矣。孔文子不耻下问,夫子贤之。古人以问为美德,而并
不见其有可耻也,后之君子反争以问为耻,然则古人所深耻者,后世且行之而不以为耻者多矣,悲夫~
10. 前赤壁赋 苏轼(北宋) 字子瞻 号东坡居士
壬戌之秋,七月既望,苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来,水波不兴。举酒属客,诵明月之诗,歌窈窕之章。少焉,月出于东山之上,徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江,水光接天。纵一苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风,而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立,羽化而登仙。
于是饮酒乐甚,扣舷而歌之。歌曰:“桂棹兮兰桨,击空明兮溯流光;渺渺兮予怀,望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然,如怨,如慕,如泣,如诉,余音袅袅,不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟,泣孤舟之嫠妇。
苏子愀然,正襟危坐而问客曰:“何为其然也,”客曰:“?月明星稀,乌鹊南飞?,此非曹孟德之诗乎,西望夏口,东望武昌,山川相缪,郁乎苍苍,此非曹孟德之困于周郎者乎,方其破荆州,下江陵,顺流而东也,舳舻千里,旌旗蔽空,酾酒临江,横槊赋诗,固一世之雄也,而今安在哉,况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上,侣鱼虾而友麋鹿,驾一叶之扁舟,举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地,渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾,羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游,抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得,托遗响于悲风。”
苏子曰:“客亦知夫水与月乎,逝者如斯,而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼,而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之,则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之,则物与我皆无尽也,而又何羡乎,且夫天地之间,物各有主。苟非吾之所有,虽一毫而莫取。唯江上之清风,与山间之明月,耳得之而为声,目遇之而成色,取之无禁,用之不竭,是造物者之无尽藏也,而吾与子之所共适。”
客喜而笑,洗盏更酌。肴核既尽,杯盘狼藉。相与枕藉乎舟中,不知东方之既白。
11(后赤壁赋 苏轼
是岁十月之望,步自雪堂,将归于临皋。二客从予,过黄泥之坂。霜露既降,木叶尽脱。人影在地,仰见明月。顾而乐之,行歌相答。已而叹曰:“有客无酒,
有酒无肴,月白风清,如此良夜何,”客曰:“今者薄暮,举网得鱼,巨口细鳞,状如松江之鲈。顾安所得酒乎,”归而谋诸妇。妇曰:“我有斗酒,藏之久矣,以待子不时之需。”
于是携酒与鱼,复游于赤壁之下。江流有声,断岸千尺,山高月小,水落石出。曾日月之几何,而江山不可复识矣~予乃摄衣而上,履巉岩,披蒙茸,踞虎豹,登虬龙,攀栖鹘之危巢,俯冯夷之幽宫,盖二客不能从焉。划然长啸,草木震动,山鸣谷应,风起云涌。予亦悄然而悲,肃然而恐,凛乎其不可留也。反而登舟,放乎中流,听其所止而休焉。时夜将半,四顾寂寥。适有孤鹤,横江东来,翅如车轮,玄裳缟衣,戛然长鸣,掠予舟而西也。
须臾客去,予亦就睡。梦一道士,羽衣蹁跹,过临皋之下,揖予而言曰:“赤壁之游乐乎,”问其姓名,俯而不答。“呜呼噫嘻~我知之矣。畴昔之夜,飞鸣而过我者,非子也耶,”道士顾笑,予亦惊寤。开户视之,不见其处。
12(卖炭翁 白居易(唐) 字乐天 号香山居士《白氏长庆集》
卖炭翁,伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色,两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营,身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪,晓驾炭车碾冰辙。牛困人饥日以高,市南门外泥中歇。
翩翩两骑(jì)来是谁,黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕,回车叱牛牵向北。一车炭,千余斤,宫使驱将(jiāng)惜不得。半匹红绡一丈绫,系(jì)向牛头充炭直(值)。
13(木兰诗 《乐府诗集》 北朝民歌
唧唧复唧唧,木兰当户织。不闻机杼声,惟闻女叹息。
问女何所思,问女何所忆。女亦无所思,女亦无所忆。昨夜见军帖(tiě),可汗大点兵,军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名。阿爷无大儿,木兰无长兄,愿为市鞍马,从此替爷征。
东市买骏马,西市买鞍鞯(jiān),南市买辔头,北市买长鞭。旦辞爷娘去,暮宿黄河边,不闻爷娘唤女声,但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅(jiàn)。旦辞黄河去,暮至黑山头,不闻爷娘唤女声,但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。
万里赴戎机,关山度若飞。朔气传金柝,寒光照铁衣。将军百战死,壮士十年归。
归来见天子,天子坐明堂。策勋十二转,赏赐百千强。可汗问所欲,木兰不用尚书郎;愿驰千里足,送儿还故乡。
爷娘闻女来,出郭相扶将(jiāng);阿姊闻妹来,当户理红妆;小弟闻姊来,磨刀霍霍向猪羊。开我东阁门,坐我西阁床,脱我战时袍,着我旧时裳,当窗理云鬓,对镜帖(贴)花黄。出门看火(伙)伴,火伴皆惊忙:同行十二年,不知木兰是女郎。
雄兔脚扑朔,雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍(bàng)地走,安能辨我是雄雌,
14.石钟山记 苏轼
《水经》云:“彭蠡之口有石钟山焉。”骊元以为下临深潭,微风鼓浪,水石相搏,声如洪钟。是说也,人常疑之。今以钟磬置水中,虽大风浪不能鸣也,而况石乎~至唐李渤始访其遗踪,得双石于潭上,扣而聆之,南声函胡,北音清越,枹(fú)止响腾,余韵徐歇。自以为得之矣。然是说也,余尤疑之。石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也,而此独以钟名,何哉,
元丰七年六月丁丑,余自齐安舟行适临汝,而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉,送之至湖口,因得观所谓钟者。侍僧使小童扶斧,于乱石间择其一二扣之,硿硿(kōng)焉,余固笑而不信也。至莫(暮)夜月明,独与迈乘小舟,至绝壁下。大石侧立千尺,如猛兽奇鬼,森然欲搏人;而山上栖鹘(hú),闻人声亦惊起,磔磔(zh?)云霄间;又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者,或曰此鹳(guàn)鹤也。余方心动欲还,而大声发于水上,噌(zēng)吰(h?ng)如钟鼓不绝。舟人大恐。徐而察之,则山下皆石穴罅,不知其浅深,微波入焉,涵淡澎湃而此为此也。舟回至两山间,将入港口,有大石当中流,可坐百人,空中而多窍,与风水相吞吐,有窾(kuǎn)坎镗(tāng)鞳(tà)之声,与向之噌吰相应,如乐作焉。因笑谓迈曰:“汝识之乎,噌吰者,周景王之无射也,窾坎镗鞳者,魏庄子之歌钟也。古之人不余欺也~”
事不目见耳闻,而臆断其有无,可乎,骊元之所见闻,殆于余同,而言之不详;士大夫终不肯以小舟夜泊绝壁之下,故莫能知~而渔工水师虽知而不能言。
此世所以不传也。而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之,自以为得其实。余是以记之,盖叹骊元之简,而笑李渤之陋也。
15(五人墓碑记 张溥(明) 字天如 《七录斋集》
五人者,盖当蓼(liǎo)洲周公之被逮(dài),激于义而死焉者也。至于今,郡之贤士大夫请于当道,即除魏阉废祠之址以葬之;且立石于其墓之门,以旌(jīng)其所为。呜呼,亦盛矣哉~
夫五人之死,去今之墓而葬焉,其为时止十有一月耳。夫十有一月之中,凡富贵之子,慷慨得志之徒,其疾病而死,死而湮没不足道者,亦已众矣;况草野之无闻者欤,独五人之皦皦(jiǎo),何也,
转载请注明出处范文大全网 » 有关辛弃疾的英文资料