范文一:分词的时态和语态
分词的时态和语态
分词的时态
1)与主语动词同时,
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。 Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。 典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。 2)先于主动词
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。 分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。 Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后,他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。
该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
分词的语态
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…)
他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…) 他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例:a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
范文二:(精品资料)分词的时态和语态
分词的时态和语态
课前训练
? 紫禁城
? 禁果
? 禁区
? 有意思的人
? 动人的故事
? 婚后生活
? 天生的艺术家
? 不速之客
?
?
?
? An interesting man
? A moving story
? Married life
? A born artist
? Uninvited guests
分类和时态
? 分类: 过去分词,
现在分词
? V+ed
? V+-ing
? 过去分词没有时态
的变化。
? 现在分词有两种时
态和语态。
(not)h
aving
been
done
(not)
having
done
完成
式
(not)b
eing
done
(not)
doing
一般
式
被动语
态
主动语态
现在分词一般式
? 表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同
时发生。
? 1 他来看我时, 随同带来了他妻子。
? 2 听到这个坏消息时, 她放声大哭。
? He came to visit me, bringing
his wife with him.
? Hearing the bad news, she burst
into tears.
现在分词完成式
? 表示动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动
作之前, 常用作状语。
? 1 作业写好后, 她才回家。
? 2 在田里劳动了两个小时后, 他们才休
息。
? Having finished her work, she
went home.
? Having worked in the fields for
two hours, they took a rest.
分词的句法功能
? 一 分词做表语
? 做be ,get, become, feel, look,
seem, appear, remain 表语
? 1 这给我留下了深刻的印象。
? 2 棒球无聊透顶。
? 3 雨后, 花儿更娇艳。
? I was quite impressed.
? Baseball is boring.
? The flowers look even more
charming after the rain.
分词形容词
? 分词做表语时, 作用相当于形容词。
? 过去分词表示被动和完成; 现在分词表示
主动和进行。
? amusing/amused
? confusing/confused
? discouraging/discouraged
? fascinating/fascinated
? embarrassing/embarrassed
? surprising/surprised
小贴士:
? 过去分词作表语与“ be+ 过去分词” 构成
的被动语态有区别:
? 被动语态: 表示以主语为承受者的动作。
系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态
。
? The report was carefully written.
? The report was written by a black
writer.
? When I came into the room, I
found the glass was broken.
? It was Friday that the glass was
broken by my sister.
分词的用法功能
? 二 分词做宾补
? 分词可以在“动词,名词(宾语) ,分词
(宾补) ” 句式里作宾补。 这一句式中的
动词一般是 see, hear, feel, smell,
watch, find, notice,
observe , look at, listen to 等表示
感觉和心理状态的动词。
练习
? 1 每当起床时, 就会听到柔和的音乐声。
? You can hear soft music playing when
it is time to get up.
? 2 我没有注意到他在等我。
? I didn’t notice him waiting.
? 3 我们发现她变了很多。
? We found her greatly changed.
? 4 看, 正下着倾盆大雨。
? Look at the rain falling in torrents.
? 5 我们看着吉姆和约翰打篮球。
? We watched Jim and John playing
basketball.
? 分词也可以用于 have, make, set,
keep, get, catch, leave, start 等动
词之后作宾语补足语。
? 1 他的话使我笑了起来。
? His words set me laughing.
? 2 烟味使他咳嗽了起来。
? The smoke started her coughing.
? 3 请告知我们最新进展。
? Please keep us informed of the
latest development.
三 分词做定语
? 分词做定语时候, 可以做前置定语也可以
做后置定语。
? 1 我是个教化学的教授。
? I am a professor teaching
chemistry.
? 2 我在打电话询问刊登在今天早上报纸上
的工作招聘情况。
? I am phoning about the job
advertised in this morning’s
paper.
? 3 报名参加脱产学习的外国学生需要缴
纳相当于一个学期的学费的定金。
? Overseas students enrolling for
full-time course may be required
to pay a deposit equivalent to
one term’s fee.
四 分词做状语
? 分词做状语相当与其对应的状语从句
? 可以做时间状语, 原因状语, 条件状语,
让步状语, 结果状语等
? 示范练习:
? 1 由于冬季时间安排确实会有变化, 因此
订票前请核实清楚。
? Winter schedules do vary---so
please check before booking.
(before you book)
? 2 环顾四周, 我吃惊地意识到整个车上
只有我一个人了。
? Looking around, I realized with
a shock that I was the only
passenger left on the bus.
(when I was looking around)
范文三:分词短语作状语的时态和语态
分词短语作状语的时态和语态
1. 分词的时态及其判断
* 过去分词没有时态形式的变化,因此 been done 和 had done 任何时候都不会出现。
* 现在分词有两种时态形式:
一般形式:doing
完成形式:having done
* 判断分词用什么形式主要是要与句子中的主要动词行为发生时间进行对比,如果同时或相继发生,用一般式;如果分词的行为的发生时间早于主要动词的发生时间,则用完成式。例如:
--Working there, we learned a lot from them. (劳动的同时学到了许多)
--Looking out of the window, I saw groups of children play games. (先望出去,接着就看到,视线没有断开)
-- Having finished his work, he went to help his classmates.(完成工作在前,帮助他人在后,中间有停顿)
-- Not having done it right, I tried again. (没做好在前,明显停顿后再次尝试)
* 伴随状语是与主要动词的行为同时发生的动作,如果有前有后就不成其为伴随,所引不能用完成形式 having done 表示,否则就是逻辑错误。
2. 分词的语态及其判断
* 过去分词本身就表示被动
* 现在分词的被动语态同样有两种形式
一般式:being done
完成式:having been done
* 主动与被动的判断主要是要找到分词的逻辑主语,一般说来,用作状语的分词,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,它们之间有两种关系: 逻辑主语是分词行为的支配者,即主谓关系—— 用现在分词主动形式表示;
逻辑主语是分词的行为对象,即动宾关系 —— 用过去分词或现在分词的被动形式,分别表示:
过去分词——与主要动词先后发生,如:
-- Inspired him, we decided to work harder. (被鼓励接下来决定更加努力)
现在分词一般式——与主要动词同时发生,如:
-- Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.(被包围的同时被迫投降)
现在分词完成式——先于主要动词的动作,如:
-- Having been asked to stay, I couldn't very well leave. (先被要求留下,(考虑后)觉得不好离开。
* 独立主格结构:
如果句子主语与分词之间没有任何逻辑关系,则需要在分词前另加独立主格,即名词的普通格(相对于所有格)和人称代词的主格,各种结构形式如下:
过去分词 one/sth. done
现在分词一般式 one doing sth.
现在分词完成式
现在分词一般被动式
现在分词完成被动式 one/sth. having been done
one having done sth. one/sth. being done
范文四:现在分词的时态语态形式
现在分词的时态、语态形式
先看下面例句:
1.Hearing the bad news , she couldn`t help crying. 2.The bridge being built now is more than two hundred metres long. 3.Having realized his mistakes, he made his mind to correct them 4.Having been given such a good chance, how could he let it pass away ? 从上面例句中的划线部分,可归纳出现在分词的时态及语态形式,以write 例:
语态 主动语态 被动语态
时态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
各种形式表达的意义:现在分词一般式的主动语态表示一个主动动作与谓
语动词所表示的动作同时发生或正在进行,一般式的被动语态表示一个被动动
作正在进行。完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
注意:及物动词的过去分词表示一个被动动作已经完成,不定式的被动式
表示一个被动动作将要发生。例如:
the bridge built last month
the bridge to be built next month
分词(短语)作状语,可以改成状语从句或并列谓语;作定语可以改成定
语从句。
试把下列句子中的划线部分改为状语从句,并列谓语或定语从句。
1.Returning from the palace ball, Mathilde found the necklace missing.
2.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
3.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
4.Being a League member , he’s always ready to help others.
5.Her husband died, leaving her with two children.
6.The boy sat on the sofa, watching TV.
7.Having worked abroad for ten years , he returned to his homeland.
8.Having been kept in prison for 20 years, he was set free.
答案:
1.When Mathilde returned from the palace ball 2.Who is speaking to the teacher
3.Which (that) is being shown in the cinema 4.As he is a League member
5.and left her with two children
6.and watched TV
7.After he had worked abroad for ten years 8.After he had been kept in prison for 20 years
分词(短语)作状语:
试把下列状语从句改为分词短语
1.When he turned on the light, he was surprised to see his son lying on the
floor.
2.If it is seen from a distance, the mountain looks like an elephant.
3.After they had finished the work there, they moved to another place.
4.As he was ill, he couldn’t go to work.
5.As he was seriously injured, Black was taken to hospital.
6.As he didn’t know what to do, he turned to the teacher for help.
7.As he has lived in Beijing since childhood, he knows the city very well.
8.If it is left outside in winter, water can be changed into ice.
9.Though the boy had been told many times, the boy made the same mistake.
10.He dropped the glass and broke into pieces.
11.John went into the room and was followed by a group of children.
12.He cut off the electricity and prevented an accident .
答案:
1.Turning on the left
2.Seen from a distance
3.Having finished the work there 4.Being ill
5.Seriously injured
6.Not knowing what to do
7.Having lived in Beijing since childhood 8.Left outside in winter
9.Having been told many times
10.breaking into pieces
11.followed by a group of children 12.preventing an -accident
分词(短语)作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,不然的话,应在分词前加上它自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构,例如:
1.Time permitting, I’ll do another two exercises. 2.The shower being over, we walked on.
3.He rushed out of the room, his face covered with sweat.
4.All the tickets sold out, they went away disappointed. 5.The homework finished , the boy went out to play. 6.His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.
有的名词短语,句子的主语不是它的逻辑主语,也不自带主语,称为“悬垂分词”或“独立成分”。例如:
1.Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor”.
2.Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 3.Considering his young age, he knows a lot. 4.Taking of Jim, have you heard that he’s getting married.
非谓语动词
1. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many
plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A.Being separated B.Having separated C.Having been separated
D.To be separated
2.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a
space flight.
A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained 3. in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited 4. by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind
farms on their land.
A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.Having
encouraged
5.The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the
meeting room.
A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making
6. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden one at the entrance,
in the natural light during the day.
A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let
7. the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched B.To search C.Searching D.Search 8.The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.
A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down D.to blow down 9. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see Bird’s Nest for
the 2008 Olympic Games.
A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show 10. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed
11.It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces. A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 12.He had a wonderful childhood, with his mother to all corners of the world.
A.travel B.to travel C.traveled D.traveling 13.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if regularly,
can improve our health.
A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 14. from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see 15.Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle 16.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies
to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.
A.sending B.to send C.having sent D.to have sent 17.With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank presents for my dad.
A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.To have bought 18.The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
19.We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.
A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding 20 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded 21. that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll
on her bed.
A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen
22 in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A.To walk B.Walking C.Walked D.Having walked 23 —Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes, But it, I had to read the entire book.
A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding
范文五:【英语语法】独立主格结构中分词的时态和语态
【英语语法】独立主格结构中分词的时态和语态,珠海IBS编辑和大家分享独立主格结构中分词的时态和语态的例句说明,请阅读下文。
独立主格结构中分词的时态和语态
例如:
He lay on the grass,the sun shining upon him. (the sun 和 shine 是主动的关系)
【译文】他躺在草地上,阳光洒照在他的身上。
All things considered,l think we ought to give the job to George, (all things 和 consider 是被动的关系)
=If all things are considered,! think we ought to give the job to George.
【译文】考虑到方方面面的因素,我认为应该让乔治来做这件工作。
With plenty of homework to do/to be done,Tom will have to stay up tonight.(此处既可用不定式的主动形式,也可用被动形式,但语言的简化趋势使得主动形式较常使用)
=As there is plenty of homework to do/to be done,Tom will have to stay up tonight.
【译文】因为有大量的工作要做,汤姆今晚不得不熬夜。
The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again. (The dark clouds 禾U disperse 是主 动的关系;用完成时态强调disperse在shine之前发生)
=After the dark clouds had dispersed,the sun shone again.
【译文】乌云散去,太阳重放光芒。
The strike having been called off,the workers returned to the factory. (The strike 和 call off是被动的关系;用完成时态强调call off在return之前发生)
=As the strike had been called off,the workers returned to the factory.
【译文】由于罢工已经取消,工人们返回了工厂。
注:名词 having been done是独立主格结构中相对较复杂的形式,既表7K名词和do的被 动关系,又强调do发生在谓语动词之前。
再比如:
The speech having been delivered,a lively discussion started.
=After the speech had been delivered,a lively discussion started.
【译文】演讲结束后,开始了热烈的讨论。
All the tasks having been fulfilled ahead of time,they decided to go on holiday for a week.
=As/After all the tasks had been fulfilled ahead of time,they decided to go on holiday for a week.
【译文】因为所有的任务都提前完成,他们决定度假一周。
All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do?nothing but take the train.
=As all flights had been cancelled because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
【译文】由于暴风雪,所有的航班都已取消,许多乘客别无选择只能乘火车。
A new technique having been worked out,the yields as a whole increased by 20%.
=As a new technique had been worked out,the yields as a whole increased by 20%.
【译文】由于发明了一项新技术,产量整体增长了20%。
分享”独立主格结构中分词的时态和语态'请附上:http://www.zhibs.net/english/grammar/1789.html
阅读本文的人还阅读:
什么是独立主格结构
使用独立主格结构的注意事项
带with的独立主格