就职演说(1961年1月20日)
我们今天举行的不是一个政党的祝捷大会,而是一次自由的庆典。这是一个承先启后、继往开来的大事件。因为刚才我已依照我们的先辈在将近一又四分之三个世纪以前拟好的誓言在诸位和全能的上帝面前庄严宣誓。
当今的世界已与往昔大不相同了。人类手中已掌握的力量,既足以消除一切形式的人类贫困,也足以结束一切形式的人类生活。然而,我们的先辈曾为之奋斗的革命信念至今仍未能为举世所公认。这信念就是认定人权出自上帝所赐而非得自政府的恩典。
我们今天仍未敢忘记我们是第一次革命战争的接班人。此时此地我谨向我们的朋友,同时也向我们的敌人宣告:火炬已传到我们新一代美国人手中。这一代人在本世纪成长起来,经受过战火的锻炼,经历过冷峻的和平的考验,以珍视古老的传统而自豪,又决不愿坐视或容许人权逐渐遭到践踏。美国对这些人权一向负有责任,今天我们也正在本国及全世界范围内为之奋斗。
必须让每一个友邦和敌国都知道:为维护自由,使其长存不灭,我们将会不惜付出任何代价,肩负任何重担,迎战一切困难,援助一切朋友,反击一切敌人。
以上这些是我们保证要做到的——但我们保证要做到的还不止这些。
对于那些与我们有着共同的文化和精神渊源的传统盟邦,我们保证将报之以真诚不渝的友谊。只要我们团结起来,我们在许多合作性事业中就会无往而不胜;而一旦彼此分裂,我们就会无所作为。因为我们之间若起争端,彼此离异,便难以与我们面临的强大对手抗衡。 对于那些我们欢迎其加入自由国家行列的各新兴国家,浅们发誓,一种形式的殖民统治的结束绝不应仅是为了被另一种远为残酷的暴政所取代。我们并不期望这些国家总是支持我们的观点,但我们希望他们始终能够坚决地卫护自己的自由,并时刻牢记,过去那些企图骑上虎背为自己壮声势的愚人结果都没能逃脱葬身虎腹的命运。
对于那些居住在遍布半个地球的茅舍荒村中,正奋力冲破集体贫困的桎梏的各民族,我们保证将尽最大努力帮助他们脱贫自救,不管这样做需要多长时间。这样做并不是因为怕共产党会抢先这样做,也不是因为我们想获得那些国家的赞成票,而是因为这样做是正确的。一个自由社会如若不能帮助众多的穷人,也就无法保全少数的富人。
对于我国边界以南的各姊妹国家,我们要作一项特别的保证:把我们美妙的言辞付诸行动,为谋求进步而进行新的合作。帮助自由的人民和自由的国家政府挣脱贫困的锁链。但我们绝不能让这个充满希望的和平革命成为敌对国家的牺牲品。要让所有的邻邦都知道,我们将和他们一起反对外国在美洲任何地区进行的侵略或颠覆。也要让所有别的国家知道,我们这个半球仍得由自己当家做主。
在一个战争因素远远超过和平因素的时代,对于我们唯一的最好的希望赖以寄托的世界主权国家的联盟组织一一联合国,我们重申对它给予支持的保证:阻止其成为一个仅供谩骂的讲坛,加强其对新兴国家及弱小国家的保护作用,并扩大其职能范围。
最后,对于那些不惜与我们为敌的国家,我们要提出的不是保证而是呼吁:希望双方重新开始努力寻求和平,不要等到科学所释放出来的可怕的破坏力将整个人类推向有计划的或偶然发生的自我毁灭之时。
我们不敢以示弱去诱惑他们。因为只有当我们有了无可置疑的足够的武力时,我们才能有无可置疑的把握避免使用武力。
然而,目前的局势使两大国家集团都感到不安——双方都因现代军备的庞大开支而感到不堪重负,双方都为极端危险的原子武器的不断扩散而理所当然地感到惊慌不安,但双方又都在竞相谋求改变那种使双方都不敢轻易发动导致全人类毁灭的最后决战的小稳定的恐怖均势。
因此,让我们重新开始,双方都记住:礼让并不表示软弱,而诚意则永远需要验证。我们决不能因为惧怕而谈判,但我们也决不要惧怕谈判。
让双方寻求彼此的共同利益所在,而不要在引起分歧的问题上徒费精力。
让双方进行首次谈判,对监督和控制军备制订出严格可行的计划?并且把足以毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于世界各国的绝对管制之下。
让双方致力于揭开科学的奥秘,而不是科学的恐怖。让我们共同努力去探测星空,征服沙漠,消除疾病,开发洋底,并促进艺术和贸易的发展。
让双方一起在世界各个角落听取以赛亚的指示,去“卸下沉重的负担??(并)让被压迫者获得自由”。
如果初次的合作能够减少彼此之间的疑虑的话,那就让我们双方进而开始新的合作吧,不是寻求新的力量均衡,而是建立一个有法制的新世界,使强者公正,弱者安全,和平得以维持。
所有这一切不会在第一个一百天内完成,也不会在第一个一千天内完成,不会在本届政府任期内完成,甚至也许不会在我们这一辈子完成。但我们要让它从我们手上开始。
同胞们,我们事业的成败关键不仅仅是握在我的手中,更大一部分是握在你们手中。自从我国建立以来,每一代美国人都曾应召验证自己对祖国的忠诚。应召服役的美国青年的坟墓已遍布全球。
如今那号角又在召唤我们了。它不是在号召我们扛起武器一一尽管我们也需要武器,不是在号召我们去参战——尽管我们也准备应战,而是在号召我们肩负起一场长期的艰苦斗争的重任,年复一年,“忍受困苦,向往未来”,为反对人类共同的敌人——暴政、贫困、疾病以及战争本身——而斗争。
我们能否建立一个把东西南北联在一起的伟大的全球联盟来对付这些敌人,以确保人类享有更为富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意参加这一具有历史意义的行动呢?
在世界漫长的历史上,只有少数几代人能在自由面临极大危险的时刻被赋予保卫自由的任务。在这一重任面前,我不退缩,我欢迎这一重任。我认为我们中间不会有人愿意与别人或另一代人调换位置。我们从事这一事业的那种精力、信念和献身精神将照耀我们的国家和一切为此出力的人们。这一火焰所发出的光芒将真正照亮这个世界。
因此,美国同胞们,你们应该问的不是你们的国家能为你们做些什么,而是你们自己能为你们的国家做些什么。
和我处在同样地位的世界各国的公民们,你们应该问的不是美国会为你们做些什么,而是我们一起能为人类自由做些什么。
最后,无论你们是美国公民还是世界各国的公民,请以我们在此要求于你们的那种力量和牺牲的高标准反过来要求我们。良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬,历史是我们所作所为的最后裁判。让我们迈步向前,去领导我们所热爱的国家吧,我们祈求上帝的保佑和帮助,但我们知道,上帝在人间的工作就是我们自己的工作。
(摘自《世界著名演说集锦》,1965)
高级英语第二册第四课课后题答案
高级英语 (D1002001) >看看课程文档> ADVANCED ENGLISH BOOK II > UNIT 4 INAUGURAL ADDRESS >第四单元习题答案
第四单元习题答案
第四单元习题答案
Ⅰ.John F. Kennedy(1917--1963),35th President of the United States
A. His family background
John Kennedy, whose ancestors came from Ireland, was the first Roman Catholic to become president of the United States. At 43 he was also the youngest man ever elected to the highest office of his country, although he was not the youngest to serve in it. Theodore Roosevelt was not quite 43 when the assasination of President McKinley elevated him to the Presidency. John Fitzgerald Francis Kennedy was born on May 29,1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. Brookline was the suburb of Boston where his grandfather had been elected to many public offices. Joseph P. Kennedy, father of the future presi- dent, was at 25 the youngest bank president in the country. He was to build one of the great private fortunes of his time. He and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy raised a family of nine children. John was the second born.
When the first Kennedy child, Joseph, Jr. , was born, father Joe was reported to have said, "He' 11 be the first Kennedy to become president of the United States. " But he was killed while piloting a bomber in World War Ⅱ , and the leadership of the rising Kennedy generation passed to John.
Thus young John Kennedy, often called Jack, inherited a background of polities, wealth and determination. The family circle was close and warm. The boys learned competition first in sports. They played hard to win, a family trait in sports and politics all their lives. Young Kennedy attended private schools in Brookline and New York City; and then, in 1931, he entered Choate School, in Wallingford, Connecticut to prepare for college. Young Kennedy, after a short spell at the London School of Economics and Princeton, entered Harvard. In 1940 he graduated from Harvard cure laude.
B. His political career and election as president
In 1945 the Hearst newspapers hired Kennedy to cover the United Nations preliminary conference in San Francisco. He covered the British elections that year, then decided he had had enough of journalism. He did not know whether he would like politics, but decided to try it. In 1946 he ran for Congress as a Democrat, in a Boston district. Though he did not live there, Kennedy, by hard compaigning, defeated a large field of rivals. He was re-elected twice. Then he tried for election to the United States Senate against Republican Henry Cabot Lodge, who was supposed to be unbeatable in Massachusetts. It was a big Republican year in 1952, in Massachusetts and elsewhere, but Jack Kennedy beat Lodge by 70,000 votes.
On September 12, 1953, Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married at Newport, Rhode Island. They had three children—Caroline; John, Jr. , whom his father called John-John; and Patrick Bouvier, who lived but a few days.
Kennedy missed being nominated for vice-president by a few votes in 1956. But he gained an introduction to millions of Americans who watched the Chicago Democratic Convention on television. When he decided to run for president in1960, his name was widely known. Many thought that his religion and his youthful appearance would handicap him. Kennedy faced the religion issue frankly. He declared his firm belief in the separation of church and state. His
wealth enabled him to assemble a staff and to get around the country in a private plane.
Kennedy’ s four television debates with Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon, were a highlight of the 1960 campaign. The debates probably were important in Kennedy’s close victory electoral votes to 219 for Nixon. The popular vote was breathtakingly close Kennedy received only18,574 more votes than Nixon--a fraction of 1 precent of the total vote. (excerpts from the New Book of Knowledge)
C. Assasination
In November 1963, President Kennedy journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. In Dallas on November 22, he and his wife were cheered enthusiastically as their open car passed through the streets. Suddenly, at 12"30 in the after-noon, an assassin fired several shots, striking the president twice, in the base of the neck and the head, and seriously wounding John Connally, the governor of Texas, who was riding with the Kennedys. The president was rushed to Park-land Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead about a' half hour later. Within two hours, Vice President Johnson took the oath as president. On November 24, amid national and worldwide mourning, the President’s body lay in state on the rotunda of the U. S. Capitol. The next day, leaders of 92 nations attended the state funeral, and a million persons lined the route as a horsedrawn caisson bore the body to St. Matthew’s Cathedral for a requiem mass. While millions of Americans watched the ceremonies on television, the president was buried on an open slope in Arlington National Cemetry. There an eternal flame, lighted by his wife, marks the grave.
On the day of the assasination, the police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a 24-year-old ex-marine, for the president’s murder. Oswald, who had lived for a time in the Soviet Union, killed Dallas policeman J. D. Tippit while resisting at-rest. Two days later, in the station, Oswald himself was basement of the Dallas police fatally shot by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner. On November 29, President Johnson appointed a seven- member commission, headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren, to conduct a thorough investigation of the assassination and report to the nation. The commission’s report made public on Sept. 27, 1964, held that Oswald fired the shots that killed the president. Further, to allay suspicions that the murder was a conspiratorial plot, it stated that the committee "found no evidence" that either Oswald or Ruby "was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assassinate President Kennedy".
Ⅱ. 1. Kennedy thinks the world is different now because man has made great progress in science and technology and has not only the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc. ) to abolish poverty, but also the power(missiles,H_bombs,etc.)to destroy all forms of human life.I agree with him.
2.According to Kennedy,the belief still at issue around the globe is the belief that all man are created equal and God has given them certain inalienable rights which no state or ruler can take away from them.
3.Kennedy considers as friends:
a)the old allies of the U.S., such as Britain,Canada,Australia,New Zealand and the western European countries; b) the countries in South America and;c)many of the developing countries in Asia and Africa that rely on U.S.aid.He considers all socialist countries as foes(all that time the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union)and those developing countries preparing to take the socialist road.
4. Britain,Canada,Australia,New Zealand.and in a wider sense one may also include
France.
5.Many new nations were born after World WarⅡ.especially in Africa. In 1 960 alone, just one year before Kennedy’s inaugural speech, the following countries in Africa declared their independence:The Republic of Cen—tral Africa,The Republic of Chad,The Republic of Da-homey,The People’s Republic of the Congo。The(jabon Republic,The Republic of Ghana.etc.
6.The people who are in huts and villages are the poor people in backward developing countries in Africa and Asia.(Student give comments on the rest of the answer.)
7.The stated policy of Kennedy towards Latin America is summed up in the phrase “alliance for progress”.Kennedy pledged to take concrete steps to assist these governments and people in casting off the chains of poverty.
8.Kennedy’s policy towards “his adversary” is negotiation from a position of strength.The U.S.must first be strong enough to deter her adversary. From this strong position of absolute military superiority Kennedy proposes negotiating with the socialist camp(or the Soviet Union)on the following problems:a) arms control,b) cooperation in the fields of science,technology,arts and commerce,c)a new world system.
9.He calls on his fellow—Americans to make new sacrifices.to do what his country calls on him to do. He should be prepared to sacrifice everything,even his life if necessary, to defend freedom,to wage constant war against tyranny,poverty,disease and war.The“long twilight struggle”is not a hot war but a constant,persevering fight against tyranny,poverty,disease and the threat of war.
10.There are probably some exaggeration in the claim that freedom was in its hour of maximum danger when Kennedy assumed office.However,it is historically justifiable that Kennedy assumed office at a time when freedom was in a most critical hour.The new president had to face many dangers and crises. At home,freedom was endangered by the witch hunting campaign against government workers accused of being communists started by Senator McCarthy. So Kennedy made himself a strong supporter of civil rights.
Ⅲ. 1. The rhetorical devices employed included: figures of speech,parallel and ballanced structures,repetition of important words and phrases,and antitheses.
2. Yes,the address is well organized.Kennedy addressed his old friends first with sweetest words and then his foes with sharp words.The order is clear and appropriate.
3.In this highly rhetorical address,there are many examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice of and use of words as well as his choice of sentence patterns and structures. For example, in the sentence "To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge", the word "sister' is particularly chosen to connote equality and mutual good relations in his attempt to allay the traditional fears these countries have of their powerful big brother in the north. And in the sentence "Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request", the phrase "would make them- selves our adversary" is again cleverly chosen to throw the blame for confrontation and world tension on the other party, It suggests that the United States has done nothing to create enemies. It is the other side that is challenging the U. S. , and the latter is forced to take the challenge although it really wants peace.
4.Nermedy carefully made his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses. In his address there is proclaimed loyalty to old allies to sustain unity, assured help and support
to minor friends to keep them closely tied to the U. S. , warning advice to newborns to make them over, and veiled threat, warning and! advice to the enemy camp to check ambitions on the part of the enemies.
5. Among the passages most likely to be quoted: may be "we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty", as this is not only a carefully thought out, well-ballanced sentence easy to remember and elegantly pleasant to read aloud, but also a sentence that best expresses the proud feelings of the Americans as the self-appointed leader of the "free democracies "Kennedy's call for Americans to "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is also very often quoted because it represents the enterprising spirit of the Americans of which Kennedy is a best example.
6. Kennedy' s argument and persuasion is based mainly on e-motional appeal rather than facts. This type of speech would not be successful on all occasions. It can be successful only when the audience is already excited and does not have much time to think or when the audience is already susceptible to the message of the speaker.
IV. 1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.
2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.
3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.
4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.
5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.
6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.
7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place
8. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.
9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.
11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).
12.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability. Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.
Ⅵ.1.prescribe, set down or impose
2.mortal: of man (as a being who must eventually die)
3.at issue, in dispite; still to be decided 4.disciplined, received training that developed self-control and character 5.committed, bound by promise, pledged 6.undoing : abolishing 7. at odds: .in disagreement ; quarreling split asunder : split apart ; disunited 8. iron: cruel; merciless 9. bounds: chains; fetters 10. invective: a violent verbal attack; strong criticism, insuits, curses, etc. 11. writ : (archaic) a formal written document ; specifically, a legal instrument in letter form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch from Anglo—Saxon times to declare its grants,wishes and commands(Here it refers to the United Nations Charter.) run:continue in effect or force
12.stays:restrains
13.tap:draw upon or make use of
14.bear:take on;sustain
Ⅶ.1.fatal可用来指一切已经造成死亡或者可能导致死亡的事物 (不能指人),侧重于其不可避免性。如an illness which might not be serious for a young person.but which will almost certainly prove fatal to the old lady(一种对于年轻人来说也许并不严重,但对于一个老太婆来说却无疑是致命的病症)。deadly在表示“必然致命”这一点上与fatal完全相同,可互换使用。但deadly还有一种为fatal所没有的用法,它可以指一个欲置他人于死地的人。如:The murdered man had many deady enemies.(被害者有很多不共戴天的死敌。)mortal像deadly一样.,可以指能置人于死的人或物。如:Because of an ancient family feud,the two cousins had been mortal enemies from birth.用于指物时, mortal之不同于fatal及deadly之处在于它往往只在已有提及死亡发生的前文后使用。如:He was struck down by a mortal blow upon to head.(他的死是由于头上受了致命一击)。lethal指的是某物质因其构成成分中含有毒素而定可造成死亡,而且其物存在的目的即是为了致人于死地。如:Cyanide is a lethal poison.(氰化物是一种致命的毒药。) 除lethal之外,以上各词均可用来形容某种造成恐慌或极度不安,会带来灾祸但不一定造成生命伤亡的事物。如:a fatal mistake(十分严重的错误);a deadly insult(难以容忍的侮辱);in mortal terror(极端的恐怖之中)。
2.faithful指出于对个人荣誉、友谊或爱情等的珍惜而体现出的信义和忠诚,如a faithful wife(忠实的妻子)。loyal则指因受道德良心或正义感、责任感的驱使而对某人、某项事业或某个组织表现出坚定不移的耿耿忠心,如a loyal friend(忠实可靠的朋友)。constant一般指爱情或事业上的用心专一,不见异思迁,朝秦暮楚,如a constant lover(用情专一的情人)。staunch(或stanch)指为维护某种原则或信念而表现出毫不动摇的意志和决心,如a staunch defender of the truth(真理的坚决捍卫者)。resolute也表示坚定不动摇的决心,不过多指在小事上或为私人目的而表现出的决心,如:She was resolute in her decision to stay.(她决定留下,很难改变。)
Ⅷ.tyranny,despotism,terrorism。domination.oppression.iron hand,iron heel, club law,big stick,reign of terror
Ⅸ.wealth,riches。opulence,affluence.abundance,prosperity.prosperousness,easy circumstances,richness,opulency
Ⅹ.1.pay a price 7.tay the(ocean)depths 2.bear a burden 8.encourage teh arts 3.pledge(one’s)word 9.forge a(great)alliance 4.explore the stars 1 O.support friends 5.conquer the deserts
11.oppose foes 6.eradicate disease l 2.formulate proposals
Ⅺ. 1. United,there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do.for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. 2.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor.it cannot save the few who are rich. 3.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. 4. And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.
Ⅻ.Paragraphs 6,7,8,10,11 begin with the same type of phrases:“To those old allies?”,“To those new states ?”,“To those peoples?”。“To our sister republics?”."To that world assembly " and " to those nations. Paragraphs 15, 16, 17, 18 begin with the same type of phrases: "Let both sides "-'". Besides these, there are many other examples of parallel structures. As for repetition of important words we have: "all forces" and" belief"(paragraph 2 ) ; "committed" (paragraph 3 ) ; "good' and "free" (paragraph 9), etc.
ⅩⅢ. 1, But we shall not always expect "- to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by calling in strong, greedy countries ended up by losing their independence to these countries.
2. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which will bring hope of progress to all our countries.
3. And let every other power know that this hemisphere will not tolerate any interference in their affairs by countries outside this hemisphere.
4. We renew our pledge: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its power so that it can protect the newly independent and weak nations.
5. And if a little bit of co-operation can lessen the deep suspicion that exists on both sides "..
6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will inspire not only the United States and her people but also the whole world.
ⅩⅣ. 1. Addition 2. Comparison 3.Contrast 4.Emphasis 5.Exemplification 6. Place 7. Reason
8.Result 9.Summary 10. Time
ⅩⅤ. Para. 1: 1) First 2) for example 3) on the other hand 4) second 5) For instance 6) In particular 7) Last908) For these three reasons
Para. 2: 1) indeed 2) also 3) thus 4) Later 5) But 6) So 7) Before long 8) at last 9) Then 10) after that 11) finally 12) for ever
ⅩⅥ. Omitted.
ⅩⅦ. The outline of the address is that the United States, the self- appointed leader of the "free democracies", is prepared to pay any price to defend human rights and the liberty and independence of free nations, that she is prepared to "oppose any foe", and that Kennedy appeals to his countrymen for support and sacrifice.
新概念英语第二册第四课讲解
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
激动人心的旅行
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. New words and expressions 生词和短语
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的receive v. 接受,收到firm n. 商行,公司
different adj. 不同的centre n. 中心abroad adv. 在国外 Darwin ['dɑrw?n] 参考译文
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师,正在一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
1. An exciting trip激动人心的旅行
1) exciting adj. 令人激动的;使人兴奋的
e.g. (1) 激动人心的故事an exciting story
(2) 我仍然认为这个工作令人振奋。I still find the job exciting.
注:find 常在其宾语后加doing(现在分词)/done(过去分词)/形容词做宾补。 adv. excitingly
excited adj. ~(about/at/by sth) / ~(to do sth)激动的,兴奋的
e.g. 孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。The children were excited about opening their presents. excite v. 使激动,使兴奋
e.g. 她到达的消息使人群激动起来。The news of her arrival excited the crowd. excitement n.
(1) [u] 激动;兴奋;刺激
e.g. 这消息使她的朋友们兴奋不已。The news caused great excitement among her friends.
(2) [c] 令人兴奋的事
e.g. 假期一阵兴奋之后,生活会显得很平静。
Life will seem very quiet after the excitements of our holiday.
(注:seem linking verb 1.~(to sb.)(to be)sth/~like sth(不用于进行时)好像,似乎,看来 e.g. 你好像很高兴。 You seem happy.
你觉得什么最好,就做什么。 Do whatever seems best to you.
他看来是个好人。He seems a nice man.
看来,他们知道自己在干什么。 They seem to know what they are doing.
2.[v to inf] (缓和语气)感觉好像,觉得似乎
e.g. 我大概是把书忘在家里了。 I seem to have left my book at home.
3. (it seems, it would seem)(表示不确切或客气)看来好像,似乎
e.g. 我们大家似乎都同意。 It would seem that we all agree.)
2) trip n.
1. (尤指短程往返的) 旅行,旅游,出行
e.g. (1) 你旅行顺利吗?Did you have a good trip?
(2) 我们到山里去旅游了。We went on a trip to the mountains.
(3) 一日游a day trip 法国一日游 a day trip to France
(4) 乘船旅行a boat trip 乘公共汽车旅行 a bus trip
(5) 出差 a business trip 去日本出差 a business trip to Japan
(6) 他们沿河往下游旅行。They took a trip down the river.
(7) 我想我还是去一趟看看他。 I think I’ll take a trip to see him.
对比:journey
n. (尤指长途)旅行,行程
e.g. 他们乘火车作了一次横跨印度的长途旅行。They went on a long train journey across India. v. (尤指长途)旅行
e.g. 他们作了长达七个月的旅行。They journeyed for seven long months.
trip v. (-pp-) vi.~(over/up)/~(over/on sth)绊;绊倒
e.g. (1)她绊了一下摔倒了。She tripped and fell. (fall: fell fallen)
(2)你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。Be careful you don’t trip up on the step.
2. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,他正在澳大利亚。
receive v.
1. receive sth (from sb./ sth) 拿到;接到;收到
e.g. (1) 收到信 to receive a letter (2) 收到礼物 to receive a present
(3) 接到电话 to receive a phone call (4) 接收信息to receive information
(5) 收到一些好消息to receive some good news (6) 备受注意 to receive a lot of attention
(7) 我们收到了不少关于新广播节目的投诉。
We have received a lot of complaints about the new radio programme.
2. 招待,接待:
e.g. 如果你要接待这么多客人,你就需要一个大房间。
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.
我们通常星期六招待宾客。We usually receive guests on Saturday.
receive and take receive是“收到”,指的是一个被动的动作,主观上接受与不接受并不清楚。Take则是主动地“拿”、“取”:
receive 接收
e.g. 我刚从我弟弟那里收到一封信。 I have just received a letter from my brother.
take 拿走
e.g. 有人拿走了我的钢笔。 Someone has taken my pen.
3. He has been there for six months. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了。
4. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
蒂姆是个工程师,正在一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。
1) engineer n.
1. 工程师;设计师 e.g. 机械工程师 mechanical engineer
注:mechanical adj.
1.机动的;机械驱动的;机械的
e.g. 机械玩具/钟表 a mechanical toy/clock
2. 机器的;机械的;发动机的
3. (disapproving)(人的行为或行动)机械般的;呆头呆脑的;无思想的
e.g. 机械的手势/回答 a mechanical gesture ['d?est??] /response
4. 机械的;机械学的
2. 机修工;技师;技工
v. 1. (often disapproving) 密谋策划
e.g. 她精心安排又和他见了一面。She engineered a further meeting with him.
2. [usually passive] 设计制造
e.g. 这辆汽车设计完美,工艺精良,开起来过瘾。
The car is beautifully engineered and a pleasure to drive
engine n. 发动机,引擎
e.g. (1) 汽油发动机a petrol engine (2) 启动发动机Switch the engine on.
(3) 关掉发动机Switch the engine off
注:switch n. 1. (电路的)开关,闸,转换器
2. ~(in / of sth) / ~(from A to B) (尤指突然彻底的)改变;转变
e.g. 政策的转变 a policy switch
v.1. ~(sth)(over)(from sth)(to sth)/~(between A and B)(使)改变,转变,突变
e.g. 你们什么时候调动工作的?When did you switch jobs?
2. [vn]~sth(with sth)/~sth(over/around/round)交换;换掉;转换;对调 synonym:swap e.g. 最后两门考试的日期调换了。The dates of the last two exams have been switched. switch off/on / switch sth off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
e.g. 你离开的时候请把灯关了。Please switch the lights off as you leave.
2)work v.
work for指“在?上班/任职”:
e.g. –你在哪上班?Where do you work?
—我在一家鞋厂上班。I work for a shoe factory.
表达“上班”这个意思时还可以说work at:
e.g. 她在一家百货商店上班。She works at a department store.
work (for sb. / sth.) /~(as sth.) 受雇于;从事~工作
e.g.(1) 我父母都工作。Both my parents work.
(2) 她在一家工程公司工作。She works for an engineering company.
(3) 我一直从事教育工作。I’ve always worked in education.
(4) 你喜欢做儿童工作吗?Do you enjoy working with children?
(5) 我儿子是个理科教师。My son is working as a science teacher.
3) firm
n. a business or company商行,商号;公司
e.g. 工程公司an engineering firm
adj. (firmer, firmest)
1.坚固的;坚硬的;结实的
e.g. (1) 结实的床 a firm bed (2) 这些桃子还很硬。These peaches are still firm.
2. 坚定的;确定的;坚决的
e.g. (1) 坚定信仰社会主义的人 a firm believer in socialism (2) 确定的日期a firm date
(3) 不能更改的决定 a firm decision (4) 坚决的保证a firm promise
(5) 坚定不移的信仰firm belief (6) 定论firm conclusions
(7) 他们依然友情甚笃。They remained firm friends.
v. 1. 使强壮,使坚固,使坚实
e.g. 把植物周围的土弄紧实。 Firm the soil around the plant..
2. (使) 变稳定(稳固)
e.g. 股票市场已经稳定了。Stock market prices have firmed (become steady).
4)a great number of 许多,大量
a number of 只能接可数名词的复数形式。通常,number前有great, large, good, small, certain等形容词,数量大小也随之改变:
在a / an large, small, great, etc. number of ~ 之后用复数动词
e.g. 很多人申请了这工作。 A large number of people have applied for the job.
5) different adj. (名词为difference)
(1)不同的,相异的(经常与from连用):
e.g. 书桌与桌子不一样。Desks are different from tables.
我的房间与你的不同。My room is different from yours.
我们今年有不同的打算。We are planning something different this year.
(2) 各种各样的,不同的:
e.g. 他去过中国的不少地方。He has visited many different places in China.
这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
This department store sells a large number of different things.
5. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。
1) spring
n. 1. [c,u] 春天,春季
e.g. 我在春天度假。I go on holiday in (the) spring.
2. [c] 泉
e.g. (1) 山泉 a mountain spring
(2) 泉水spring water
(3) 温泉 hot springs
v. spring (sprang, sprung)
1. (人或动物) 跳;跃;蹦
e.g. 老师进来时,所有的人都立刻站了起来。
Everyone sprang to their feet (=stood up suddenly) when the teacher walked in.
2. 突然出现(或来到)
e.g. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。Tears sprang to her eyes.
spring up (to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly) 迅速出现;突然兴起
e.g. 儿童游乐场所如雨后春笋般地在这个地方四处出现。
Play areas for children are springing up all over the place.
2) in the centre of 在~中部
centre (AmE center)
n. 1. [c] 中心点;中心;正中;中央
e.g. 圆心 the centre of a circle
2. [c] (AmE usually downtown) (市、镇的)中心区
e.g. 市中心 the centre of town
3. [c] 中心;活动中心
e.g. 购物中心a shopping centre
v. 把~放在中央
centre around / on / round / upon sb. / sth.
centre sth. around / on / round / upon sb. / sth.
把~当作中心;(使)成为中心
e.g. 讨论围绕着东欧的发展这一中心议题进行。
Discussions were centred on developments in Eastern Europe.
centre sth. in ~ [usually passive] 使活动(或事件)集中于~
e.g. 战斗大多集中在首都北部。 Most of the fighting was centred in the north of the capital.
6. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.
他不久还将到达达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯。
fly v. (flies, flying, flew, flown)
1. [v] 飞,飞翔
e.g. 一只鸟缓缓飞过。A bird flew slowly past.
注: past
adv. 1. 从一侧到另一侧,穿过
2.(时间)过去,逝去
e.g. 一个星期过去了,情况毫无变化。A week went past and nothing had changed.
adj. 过去的,昔日的
e.g. 在过去的岁月 in past years
n. 过去,昔日;过去的事情
e.g. 过去我常去那里。 I used to go there often in the past.
prep.晚于;在??之后
e.g. 两点半 half past two
2. [v] (飞行器或航天器) (在空中或宇宙) 飞行,航行
e.g.他们在从伦敦飞往纽约的飞机上。They were on a plane flying from London to New York.
3. [v] (乘飞行器或航天器)航行,飞行
e.g. (1) 明天我要乘飞机去香港。 I’m flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.
(2) 这是你第一次乘飞机吗? Is this the first time that you have flown?
(3) 我总是乘公务舱旅行。I always fly business class.
4. [v] ~(by/past) 飞逝
e.g. (1) 时间过得真快。Doesn’t time fly?
(2) 夏天一晃就过去了。 Summer has just flown by.
n. (pl.-ies) [c] 蝇,苍蝇
7. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
1) 这句话由两个简单句组成,后一句由连词so引导,为表示结果的状语从句。
2) abroad adv. in or to a foreign country在国外;到国外
e.g. (1) 在国外 to be abroad (2) 出国to go abroad (3) 到国外旅行to travel abroad
(4) 在国外居住to live abroad
(5) 她在国外工作了一年。She worked abroad for a year.
(6) 他享誉国内外。 He was famous, both at home and abroad.
3) find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词),说明宾语的状况、性质等:
e.g. 我觉得这电影很有趣。I find the film very interesting.
她发现汤姆的房间非常脏。She found Tom’s room very dirty.
她已经发现自己错了。She has already found herself wrong.
需要注意的是,find一词很少用于进行时态,一般用于过去时、完成时及一般现在时等。
Grammar Focus
现在完成时The Present Perfect Tense
概念:
1)表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
2) 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
构成: S. + have/has + 动词的过去分词
注:动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化,规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的,不规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。
规则动词过去分词的构成
构成规则 例词
1. 一般在动词后直接加-ed look looked
play played
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词, live lived
直接加-d hope hoped
3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的 stop stopped
重读闭音节词,先双写这 plan planned
个辅音字母,再加-ed
4.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词, study studied
先变“y”为“i”再加-ed carry carried
不规则动词过去分词的构成
1. 三个主要动词
is, am was
be been
are were
have/has had had
do/does did done
2. AAA型 (三者一致)
cut cut cut
let let let
put put put
cost cost cost
read read read
3. ABA型 (过去分词与原形一致)
come came come
become became become
run ran run
4. ABB型 (过去分词与过去式一致)
bring brought brought
find found found
hear heard heard
keep kept kept
make made made
此外还有leave, win, tell, spend, say,meet等等。
5. ABC型 (三者不一致)
eat ate eaten
give gave given
write wrote written
see saw seen
get got gotten
begin began begun
此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。
注:(swim: swimming, swam[sw?m], swum [sw?m])
现在完成时态的句式:
1.肯定句:主语+ have/has+过去分词+其他成分
2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他成分
3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他成分?
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+其他成分?
肯定句:I have cleaned my bedroom.
否定句:I haven’t cleaned my bedroom.
一般疑问句:Have you cleaned your bedroom?
现在完成时的用法:
1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
1) 标志词:
already:多用于陈述句,位于have/has后,有时位于句末。
e.g. I have
yet:用于疑问句和否定句,位于句尾。
e.g. Have you found your lost book I haven't had breakfast
ever :多用于疑问句,问初次经历。
never:用于否定句,位于have/has后
e.g. He has never argued with other people.
just :多用于陈述句,位于have/has后
e.g. Lucy has
before:可用于各句式,位于句尾。
2)无标志词的:
e.g. He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold.
I have lost the key. I can't go into my room.
2. 表示从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
标志时间状语:
1)for +一段时间 2) since +过去点时间
since +一段时间+ago
since +从句(从句用一般过去式)
3) so far, once/twice/ three times ,all one's life
(注:thrice [θrais] adv. [old use or formal] 三次;三倍 )
e.g.
4) in the past +一段时间
during the last +一段时间
e.g. 注意:此种用法谓语动词必须是可持续性动词,瞬间动词不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。如果句子中有表示一段的时间状语,需把该动词变成可持续性动词或系表结构。如: e.g. 我买这本书五年了。 I have had this book for five years.
Mary 结婚2个月了。 Mary has been married for two months.
类似的动词常见的还有:
come-----be in join--- be in / be a member of
begin--- be on stop– be over
borrow--- keep become --- be
go--- be in leave --- be away
die--- be dead
3. have / has been to 曾经去过某地
have / has gone to 已经到某地去了
have / has been in 在某地呆了多长时间
1. A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B: the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
翻译下列句子
她曾经去过上海。She has been to Shanghai before.
他在上海10年了。He has been in Shanghai for ten years
他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时,表过去发生的动作,强调这一动作对现在产生的结果和影响,与现在有关。 一般过去时,仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生的这一动作,与现在无关。
He has studied English for five years. (学习英语已经五年了,现在仍然在学)
He studied English for five years. (只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在不学了。)
同位语(appositives)
一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语:
1. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。
(Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother 的名字)
2. 5. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。(在这句话中a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位语,补充说明这是个多大的镇子,在什么地方)
在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。同位语如果太长,可以另译为一句,如:
e.g. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。This is John, one of my best friends.
我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.
Homework
1. Finish the exercises on page25, 26 and 27 in your textbook.
2. Remember the new words and expressions
3. Recite the whole text.
4. Read a little passage and then do multiple choice questions.
5. Introduce the life in your spare time. (at least 100 words)
快乐英语第二册第四课教案
快乐英语第二册《Lesson 4》
福伦小学 杜妍婷
教案背景
面向学生:小学 学科:英语
课时:1
学生课前准备:
三年级的学生思维活跃,大胆活泼,熟悉教师课堂用语,喜欢上英语课,特别是游戏。已经了解部分动物单词。
教学课题
快乐英语第二册《Lesson 4》,
教材分析
《快乐英语》把知识性与趣味性相结合,教材密切联系生活,孩子们学习的同时,体验生活的乐趣。给老师和学生更大的空间。
我讲授的《快乐英语》第二册Lesson 4,是教授学生常见的动物单词的发音,并能熟练运用“What’s this/that?”进行交流,为学生的交际交际能力打下坚实的基础。
本课是第一单元第四课,学生已经掌握了一些动物单词,通过本课学习,让他们掌握“pig,lion,cow”,并熟练运用“What’s this/that in
English?A…”
教学方法
教法:情景教学法,游戏法 学法:合作交流,自主探究 教学目标
1. 在“What’s this?/What’s that?”的基础上,学会并运用“What’s
this/that in English?”
2. 听懂,会说单词pig,lion,cow
3. 会做游戏:看图片和实物正确流利的通过问答形式说出单词 4. 启发学生团结友爱,合作学习,成功表演对话。
教学重点
1. 能够熟练运用“What’s this/that in English?A…”与同学之间互相问
答。
2. 会用“Yes. Right.”或”You’re right.”大声肯定别人意见。 教学难点
注意in English,lion,cow,pig 的发音。
教学用具
录音机,课件,玩偶。
教学过程
一、 热身
1. 师生问候。
2. 教师出示课件,“唱反调”的形式复习所学的单词
this—that,right-wrong,以及句型What’s this?/What’s that?. 二、 新课教学
1.教师出示课件,一只老虎,并运用“What’s this?”引导学生说“A tiger.”,教师说“Right.”同样的方式出示狗和兔子图片。并依次询问“What’s this in English?” 首先用卡片教授“in English”是“用英语”,并简单介绍用汉语是“in Chinese”,然后引导学生说出“What’s this in
English?”的意思是这个用英语怎么说。并操练。然后引导学生自己说出“那个用英语怎么说,”是“What’s that in English?” 游戏操练这两句话。
2.教师出示课件,猫,猴,和熊猫,并用“What’s this in English?”来进行提问,引导学生说出答案后,分别以“Yes.”,“Right.”和“You’re right.”来肯定学生的答案。并出示幻灯片,告诉学生这三句话是相同的,都可以用来对别人的答案表示肯定。
引导学生自己说出错了还可以说成“You’re wrong.”并唱调操练这两个句子。
3.出示pig分解的幻灯片,进行猜测问答。引出单词pig并板书。教授单词,强调发音。并操练。
4.用同样的方法学习lion和cow.
5.选择游戏。教师出示课件,让学生选择正确的字母答案。 6.出示幻灯片 这三个单词变复数都加S并都读作/z/. 7.教师出示课件单词pig,字母p变成b,后新的单词,并问学生“How to say?” Guess,What’s meaning?”
教师出示一大一小两个玩偶,指着大的说pig.用卡片教授pig,并操练配有肢体动作,指着小的说small,同样教授单词small,然后出示然后出示大小两个圆的幻灯片,师生互动,big---small. 7.出示一个小的猪的图片,引导学生说出A small pig.然后出示一个大的猪的图片,引导说出A big pig.并练习几组。
8.教师出示课文幻灯,并让学生听录音,听听他们在谈论什么。
听第二遍后出示Pic 1,Pic 2,读并翻译,背诵并表演。 9(扩展对话,自己用身边的事物编对话。并展示表演。 三、总结
学习归纳出本课所学的知识。
四、家庭作业
1. 听录音,读课文,练说对话。
2. 背诵单词和课文。
教学反思
本节课是快乐英语第二册第4课,教学对象是小学三年级学生。因为要面向三年级学生进行教学,我不能输入大量单词,所以我把教学重点放在训练学生反应速度和灵活运用上。
首先以 “唱反调”的形式复习所学的单词this—that,right-wrong,
以及句型What’s this?/What’s that?学生兴趣浓厚,积极参与,并加以动作,快速活跃课堂气氛。
然后教师出示动物图片的课件,并问答,引出句子,并用“What’s this in English?”来进行提问,引导学生说出答案后,分别以“Yes.”,“Right.”和“You’re right.”来肯定学生的答案。并出示幻灯片,告诉学生这三句话是相同的,都可以用来对别人的答案表示肯定。学生对图片充满兴趣。能时刻集中注意力。
接着我引导学生自己说出错了还可以说成“You’re wrong.”并唱调操练这两个句子。学生掌握熟练。
然后,出示pig分解的幻灯片,进行猜测问答。引出单词pig并
板书。教授单词,强调发音。并操练。这一过程,抓住学生的好奇心,吸引注意。用同样的方法学习lion和cow.
运用选择游戏。教师出示课件,让学生选择正确的字母答案。学生在玩中学,学中玩,寓教于乐。
出示幻灯片 并强调这三个单词变复数都加S并都读作/z/.
出示课件单词pig,字母p变成b,后新的单词,并问学生“How to say?” Guess,What’s meaning?”,让学生注意到单词的区别,加深记忆。
出示一大一小两个玩偶,指着大的说big.用卡片教授big,并操练配有肢体动作,指着小的说small,同样教授单词small,师生互动,big---small.课堂活跃,单词掌握反复而不枯燥。
出示一个小的猪的图片,引导学生说出A small pig.然后出示一个大的猪的图片,引导说出A big pig.并练习几组。这个过程,学生既感兴趣,又扩展了知识。让学生听录音,读并翻译,背诵并表演。锻炼了学生的听力和表达的能力。扩展对话,让学生学以致用。学生们乐于参与展现自己。
在教学中还可能存在一些问题,希望大家指教。
新概念英语第二册第四课答案
新概念英语第二册第四课答案 Lesson 4
1. d根据课文内容 Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm..., 只 有 d. Timis working for a big firm as an engineer 是对的, 其他 3个与文 章不符合。
2. b 根据课文的最后一句 My brother has never been abroadbefore? , 应该选 b. 其他 3个选择都与课文内容不符合。
3. a b. in(在??里面 ) 不能和动词 go 连用; c. at(在??地方)也不能 同 go 连用; d. into(进入??内 ) 可以与 go 连用,但是到某个国家不能 用 go into; 只有 a. to 同动词 go 连用 go to才能表示到某个地方去, 如国家,城市等,所以选 a.
4. b 本句是问“他在那儿呆了多久” 。因为说话时他还在那,所以应 该用现在完成时态。 a. is he 是一般现在时; c. has he 中没有过去分 词 been, 不符合语法; d. was he 是一般过去时;只有 b. has he been 是 现在完成时 , 所以选 b.
5. b a. for 只有同表示一段时间的词连用时候才能用在完成时中 , 如 for six months, for one year等 . c. from 常与介词 to 连用表示
6. a 本句的意思是“他刚刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车”强调买的时 间短,用 just 来表示。 b. a long time ago(很久以前 ) 与原来句子不符
合。 c. last year(去年 ) 也跟原来句子不符合。 d. six months ago(6个月 前 ) 也不对,句子中没有明确说明;只有 a. a short time ago(不久前, 最近 ) 同 just 的意思相近,所以应该选 a.
7. c 本句需要用现在完成时, 已经给出了助动词 has, 只需要填上过 去分词就可以了。 a. went 是过去式; b. being 是现在分词; d. was 是 过去式,只有 c. been 是过去分词,所以选 c.
8. b 本句需要选出与 firm(公司 ) 的同意义词。 只有 b. company(公司 ) 和 firm 的词意思相同。 而其他 3个 a. society(社会 ) , c. factory(工厂 ) , d. store(商店 ) 都不是 firm 的同意义词,所以选 b.
9. c 本句需要选出一个与前一句的 different 相对应的词 .a. the only (唯
一的 ) 不是 different 的反义词 . b. asimilar (相似的 , 类似的 ) 也有同样的 意思 , 但是它不是和 different 相对应的反义词 ;d. alike(相象的 , 相同的 ) 通常做表语 . 只有 c. the same(同一的 , 同样的 ) 是 different 的反义词 , 所 以应该选 c.
10. a 只有 a. bigger than a village but smaller than a city才能准确表 达 town 的含义,而其他 3个选择都不表示这个意思。
11. c本 句 需 要 选 出 一 个 同 前 一 句 soon(不 久 ) 意 义 相 接 近 的 词 ,a. quickly(快速地 ),b. for a shorttime(短时间 ),d. in a hurry(匆忙地 ) 这 3个选择都与 soon 意思不同 , 只有 c. shortly(不久 ) 是 soon 的同义词 . 12. c本句需要选出同前句中 fly(飞,乘飞机 ) 的意思相应的短语。只 有 c. by air 是固定短语,表示方式, go by air 是惯用法,意思是“乘 飞机去” ,而 a. with air, b. in air, c. through air 都不是固定短语,意思
都讲不通,所以选 c.
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