范文一:hamlet读书报告(英文简介,人物分析,自己的感想)
2009170012 医英一班 唐果果
The Report of Hamelt
Hamelt is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.As we all known,
different people have different perspectives for Hamelt. After reading the great
tragedy, I do have my own view .
Three times the ghost of Denmark’s dead king had stalked the battles of Elsinore
Castle. On the fourth night night Horatio, Hamelt’s friend, brought the young prince
to see the specter of his father, two months dead. He was sad and sorrowful for the dead king’s strange dead. Even there was something else which made him sadder. His mother, Gertrude, married Hamelt’s uncle, Claudius, only after two months of his
ex-hunsband’s dead. Meanwhile Claudius became the late king of Denmark. The ghost of the dead king told Hamelt he was put poison into ear and died. He also told Hamelt to be brave and kill Claudius for him. But he could not kill and hurt his mother, because his father thought she would repent for her own sins. After he knew the truth, he changed and acted madly. He was rude to Ophelia, the girl he had loved. A group of actors visited him and played to make him happy. He added his father’s
suffering to the play and invited his mother and uncle. It turned to be true that the reactions of them proved the ghost story was true. His uncle was guilt and very angry, and told his mother to talk to Hamelt. Ophelia’s father was hiding behind of the
curtain when Hamelt had a conversasion with his mother. Ophelia’s father was killed
because Hamelt mistook it was his uncle. Hamelt’s punishment was decided by the
king. Two former school comrades of his were entrusted with a commission to leave him in England, where sealed orders were to bring about the Prince's death. But by a combination of plot and accident the execution was visited instead upon the heads of
the two accomplices.After Ophelia’s father was died, she became sad and insane. At
last, she had wandered about the court singing and strewing flowers, then had strayed to the banks of a stream and been drowned. Ophelia’s brother,Leartes came back, the
king told him his father was killed by Hamelt. When Hamelt happened to Ophelia’s
funeral , he was in grief and contested with Leartes. Leartes hated Hamelt. The king and he decided to kill Hamelt with poisonous wine and sword through a battle between a friendly sword fight. During the fight Laertes strunk Hamelt slightly on his shoulder. Hamelt’s mother was excited and drank the poisonous wine she didn’t know.
During the second half of the fight, the two men dropped both their swords and picked each other’s sword. Soon Leartes was hurt by the poisonous sword. Finally Leartes told Hamelt their evil plan and die. Hamelt then carried out his revenge to kill his uncle for his dead father.
The story was written according to a prince in Denmark. When Shakespeare created this tragedy, England was in the late Reniassance Period. At that time, England society was in a period of domestic turmoil. Hamelt describes the situation in Demark.
In politicics the bad guy just like Hamelt’s uncle who persecuted his own brother for
his own desire for right and woman. Family members like Hamelt’s mother maried to
her dead husband’s brother only after two months later. Ophelia loves Hamelt, but his father and brother didn’t allow her having a relationship with her lover. Girls couldn’t
choose their own life. Hamelt was in a complicated situation and struggled. Finally he
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2009170012 医英一班 唐果果
revenged for his father and lead to miserable results. This is a mirror of England. Shakespeare looked into the England society. It indicated that he was worried and unsatisfied of the reality in England. It also shows the writer’s humanity spirit.
Leartes asked the king why he didn’t kill Hamelt,and the king said the people in
Denmark love him very much. According to this, we can know Hamelt was a good ince. He always doubted his father’s strange dead and followed the ghost. At last he pr
knew the truth about the dead king. He pretended to be mad. He also succeeded escaping to Denmark. It turned out he was brave and smart. However, he pursued Ophelia and finally gave up because of the revenge. Before he was fight with Leartes, he said sorry to him. This indicates he was guilt and sorry for Leartes lost his father. He was a kind and sincere man. Ophelia was innocent, but at last she lost Hamelt’s
love, her father even her own life. Hamelt was full of revengement. He thought nothing but his hatress. He was irresponsible to Ophlia and his people. At the end of the story he did finish his revengement, but Demark had no king and would be in a tormoil for a while. Hamelt Ophelia was a young and noble lady. However, she was taught to have no rights for her own life. At the beginning of the play, she heard her brother and her father. She actually loved Hamelt, but she refused him as her father told her. She had no decision-making power. She was a typical woman at that time. Hamelt had his strenghs and weaknesses. When we read the play, we can easily feel the dilemma. If he chose not to revenge, he would suffer his weakness at the rest of his life. If he chose to revenge, he would die and lead to terrible consequence. The tragedy is a milestone in Shakespeare's dramatic development; the playwright achieved artistic maturity in this work through his brilliant depiction of the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder. "the dilemma of Hamlet the Prince and Man" is "to disentangle himself from the temptation to wreak justice for the wrong reasons and in evil passion, and to do what he must do at last for the pure sake of justice. From that dilemma of wrong feelings and right actions, he ultimately emerges, solving the problem by attaining a proper state of mind." Hamlet endures as the object of universal identification because his central moral dilemma transcends the Elizabethan period, making him a man for all ages. In his difficult struggle to somehow act within a corrupt world and yet maintain his moral integrity, Hamlet ultimately reflects the fate of all human beings. To be, or not to be:that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and thousand natural shocks
The flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep; perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
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2009170012 医英一班 唐果果
Must guve pause: there's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin?Who would fardels bear
The words above describes Hamelt’s inner contradictory conflict. This is a brilliant
work of Shakespeare. Today we still feel the story happens clearly when we read it. Besides the complex relationship among the people ,vivid description for actors and reasonable conflicts, we can also the romantic words by Shakespeare. All this makes the great work. “To be or not to be”is used as a symbol by many people.No matter
which option was decided, he would face difficulties. Before his father was dead, he wasa a happy prince, a happy son, a happy young man in love. Everything changed after he knew his father’s dead truth. He lost his father, then he could not forgive his mother. He gave up Ophelia because her father was accessary for his father’s death.
At last he lost his mother, his lover Ophelia, and forced to kill Leartes and his father. Hamelt was the person who lost most ,even his life. However, actually he cannot stop these things happen to him. His tregedy was made by the society he was. Today we are all taught that we are born to be equal, and we are the masters for our life. While Hamelt was a noble prince at that time, he could not be his own master but to be die. As a prince and a son, he had heavy burdens for his country and his father. Sometimes I think it is lucky to be a common person, because life seems easier than the person who was born with great responsibility. This doesn’t only happen on Hamelt. Tragedy
does not happen for no reasons. People learn from it ,and try to avoid the same things happening. It is a kind of power to promote social progress.
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范文二:hamlet 哈姆雷特 读后感 英文
?To be, or not to be‘ is the object of this drama, this sentence reflects the contradiction and struggle of the young prince. After struggling with his own heart, finally, the young hamlet summoned up courage and fight with his evil uncle.
Act I, scene i. On a dark winter night outside Ellsinore Castle in Denmark, an officer named Bernardo comes to relieve the watchman Francisco. Shakespeare uses a dark night as the first background to establish the dark tone. It leads people to a dim kingdom.
Act I, scene iii. The morning after Horatio and the guardsmen see the ghost; King Claudius gives a speech to his courtiers, explaining his recent marriage to Gertrude, his brother‘s widow and the mother of Prince Hamlet. Having established a dark, ghostly atmosphere in the first scene, Shakespeare devotes the second to the seemingly jovial court of the recently crowned King Claudius. If the area outside the castle is murky with the aura of dread and anxiety, the rooms inside the castle are devoted to an energetic attempt to banish that aura, as the king, the queen, and the courtiers desperately pretend that nothing is out of the ordinary. It is difficult to imagine a more convoluted family dynamic or a more out-of-balance political situation, but Claudius nevertheless preaches an ethic of balance to his courtiers, pledging to sustain and combine the sorrow he feels for the king‘s death and the joy he feels for his wedding in equal parts.
Act I, scene IV also continues the development of the motif of the ill health of Denmark. Hamlet views the king‘s carousing as a further sign of the state‘s corruption, commenting that alcohol makes the bad aspects of a person‘s character overwhelm all of his or her good qualities. And the appearance of the ghost is again seen as a sign of Denmark‘s decay, this time by Marcellus, who famously declares, ―Something is rotten in the state of Denmark‖ (I.iv.67)
The short scene that begins Act II is divided into two parts, the first of which involves Polonius‘s conversation with Reynaldo about Laertes and the second of which involves Polonius‘s conversation with Ophelia about Hamlet. The scene serves to develop the character of Polonius, who is one of the most intriguing figures in Hamlet. Polonius can be interpreted as either a doddering fool or as a cunning manipulator, and he has been portrayed onstage as both. In this scene, as he carefully instructs Reynaldo in the art of snooping, he seems more the manipulator than the fool, though his obvious love of hearing his own voice leads him into some comical misprisions (―And then, sir, does a this — a does — / what was I about to say? By the mass, I was about to say some / thing. Where did I leave?‖ (II.i.49–51]).
In the first two scenes of Act III, Hamlet and Claudius both devise traps to catch one another‘s secrets: Claudius spies on Hamlet to discover the true nature of his madness, and Hamlet attempts to ―catch the conscience of the king‖ in the theater (III.i.582). The play -within-a-play tells the story of Gonzago, the Duke of Vienna, and his wife, Baptista, who marries his murdering nephew, Lucianus. Hamlet believes that the play is an opportunity to establish a more reliable basis for Claudius‘s guilt than the claims of the ghost. Since he has no way of knowing whether to believe a member of the spirit world, he tries to determine whether Claudius is guilty by reading his behavior for signs of a psychological state of guilt.
In Act III, scene iii, Hamlet finally seems ready to put his desire for revenge into action. He is satisfied that the play has proven his uncle‘s guilt. When Claudius prays, the audience is given real certainty that Claudius murdered his brother: a full, spontaneous confession, even though nobody else hears it. This only heightens our sense that the climax of the play is due to arrive. But Hamlet waits.
As we saw in Act IV, scene ii, the murder of Polonius and the subsequent traumatic encounter with
his mother seem to leave Hamlet in a frantic, unstable frame of mind, the mode in which his excitable nature seems very similar to actual madness. He taunts Claudius, toward whom his hostility is now barely disguised, and makes light of Polonius‘s murder with word games. He also pretends to be thrilled at the idea of sailing for England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
As befits a scene full of anger and dark thoughts, Act IV, scene v brings a repetition of the motif of insanity, this time through the character of Ophelia, who has truly been driven mad by the death of her father. Shakespeare has demonstrated Ophelia‘s chaste dependence on the men in her life; after Polonius‘s sudden death and Hamlet‘s subsequent exile, she finds herself abruptly without any of them.
In the final scene, the violence, so long delayed, erupts with dizzying speed. Characters drop one after the other, poisoned, stabbed, and, in the case of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, executed, as the theme of revenge and justice reaches its conclusion in the moment when Hamlet finally kills Claudius. In the moments before the duel, Hamlet seems peaceful, though also quite sad.
Throughout this drama, maybe I do not have enough ability to appreciate it absolutely; I learn that people will feel at sea at times, but we must keep up our spirits to struggle and find a correct way to strive.
范文三:hamlet essay
Jack Hu &Wenjo Cao 6/24/12 Hamlet essay class 2 student essay The Combat in Inner Hearts: Humans Vacillation
Why is it so hard to make decisions sometimes? Is it fear that holds people back from their action? In Hamlet’s
The first example to show how people fear to make decisions and face the consequences is when Hamlet says, “ To be or not to be: that is the question: / Whether ’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer /The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, /Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, /And by opposing end him” (lines 56-60). In those lines, Hamlet compares his predicament to a sea of trouble. The image of the “s ea ” creates a feeling of tremendous burden.. Hence a sea of trouble is proper to describe the gravity of the situation, and the extreme magnitude of his adversities. Therefore, Hamlet seems unsure of which one is a nobler
decision, bearing the burden or fighting, because of the overwhelming opposition.. This is not only the conflict between Hamlet and his uncle, but also the battle of Hamlet’ s own thoughts and his fear. (<-how so?="" no="" idea="" how="" we="" got="" to="" this="">-how>
Shakespeare often uses diction to show Hamlet's decisions are twisted by fear.. In line 63-64 Hamlet shows his idea of how to end the torture, however, he describes it as “ a consummation/ Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep” (II.1.63-64). Imoprtantly, he says that death is something to be coveted. =pain at present. However, but wants revenge, but why does he want to die so much? fear pushes him to want suicide instead of putting the deed into action. At the start of Hamlet's soliloquy, Hamlet talks about his price of living -- agony. Hamlet desires revenge, however, the pain within him is beyond what he can stand. (To him, his decision of living, bearing the torture waiting for revenge is swayed by his anguish.) Hamlet’s fear of the pain is like a whirlpool that traps him, puzzles him, and paralyzes him. To die, he would have responsibilities no more; to live he fears he would have to bear affliction and prejudice for a chance that he might take revenge. (zero evidence in this paragraph…)
(Another important element that causes the fear to inflect Hamlet’ s action is the fear of religion.) As said, Hamlet wishes “ devoutly ” for death and this reflects another dread he has. Hamlet adds, “But that the
dread of something after death, / The undiscovered country from whose bourn/No traveler returns” (Hamlet line 77-79).Hamlet portrays departing into death as embarking into uncharted lands to explain that in his perchance dream he doesn’ t know what he will face, and it may be a situation even worse than the one he is in. Suicide in Christian religion is prohibited and also condemned by the church, which believes it is a tremendous moral sin. [[Since he has explained that he can only cut himself free by means of death, Hamlet expresses that he fears that even by the cost of life he will still have to face the risk of falling into hell (nope). (Write something along the lines of: It’s a sin, but he uses the word devout, which is ironic because Church condemns suicide. But he dreads the unknown element of death, which contradicts his previous comment about the devout wish to suicide. Thus, by emphasizing the word “devout” in such a paradoxical context, Hamlet reveals his fear of religion.) And this bothers Hamlet even in his actions later on, hence the fear to religion is another source of Hamlets fears.]]
At his end of his monologue, Hamlet finally makes his decision. However he describes the effect of fear like a notorious infection. Hamlet uses metaphor to describe the degree of people's weakening by the hands of fear, “and thus the native hue of resolution /Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought”. thought = disease (metaphor). thinking too much
causes uncertainty therefore fear as shown previously. fear is thus much like a disease. In this sentence, Hamlet compares fear to a disease. (no, he compares thought to a disease) The use of metaphor shows fear infects people ’ s minds. And this fear makes people with glorious ideals hesitate and then fears of their own action acting like a sick patient. Fear, therefore, weakens people’ s hearts. And finally, people lose “the name of action ” (II.i.87). Hamlet uses the word “ sicklied ” to describe people’ s unhealthy relationship to fear. By the use of diction and metaphor, Hamlet shows how fear casts a great impact on people’ s decision making like a disease.
By the use of imagery, symbolism, diction and metaphor, Hamlet narrates the tempest in his mind, suggesting that fear twists people’s minds into chaos. Hamlet acts like a half crazy person and by this way he dodges the pain and had been contented with temporary ease and comfort. Hamlet realizes that he has been lost in his own fear and this pushes Hamlet into his actions. Generally, Shakespeare points out that people sometimes can’ t make decisions because of their fear. It is also because of fear that a glorious dreams may be buried in oblivion. Hamlet’ s tragic flaw is his fear. It is his fear of his own conscience that stopped Hamlet when he had the chance to kill his uncle in the first time. His uncle was praying, but because Hamlet feared the power of religion, and did not put
the deed into action. Hamlet himself finally had to perish together with his uncle. Through Hamlets tragic story we should learn that controlling our own fear is one of the basics needs in order to fufill our dreams.
范文四:鲁滨逊性格分析__英文版
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The Character Analysis of Robinson Crusoe
【Abstract】 In Daniel Defoe's masterpiece , Robinson Crusoe , Robinson begins as a wanderer, aimless on a sea, and ends as a pilgrim, crossing a final mountain to enter the promising land. Robinson is a hero rather than an everyman. He is ambitious, hard-working, persistent, etc. In a word, he is a collection of virtues. However, as a human, he also has his faults, he is a little irresponsible, vain, etc. However, as a people in modern society, we all should learn from his virtues, and overcome his faults. Be brave to take any adventures, and face every challenge in our life fearlessly. 【Key Words】 Robinson Crusoe; character; positive; negative
【摘要】 在丹尼尔笛福的代表作,“鲁滨逊漂流记”中,鲁滨逊开始在海面上漫无目的的漂流,越过最后的大山,进入充满希望的土地,最后当了个朝圣者。与其说罗宾逊是一个普通人,还不如说他是个英雄。他雄心勃勃,工作勤奋,执着,等等。总之,他是美德的集合体。然而,作为一个人,他也是有他的缺陷的。他有点不负责任,自大等等。然而作为一个现代社会的人,我们都应该学习他的优点,克服他的缺点。勇于冒险,坦然面对生活中的一切挑战。
【关键词】 鲁滨逊·克鲁索 性格 积极 消极
Introduction: Robinson Crusoe, written by Daniel Defoe who is a great English novelist in the18th century as his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English
sea. Most previous researchers concerned more about Robinson’s sprint while ignoring his flaws. However, this paper focuses on the both sides of Robinson’s character.
1. The Positive Aspects of the Character of Robinson Crusoe 1.1 He is a man of determination
Robinson was born as a son of an old English gentleman, who designs his son for the law. But the young man has set his mind on becoming a sailor. At the age of 19, he runs away from, and begins his way to take adventures on a sea. In spite of many perils and adventures on the sea, he never changes his mind to seek after the sea. 1.2 He is a man of individualism The ideals of enlightenment endowed Robinson some progressive characters. He pursued a free life and valued individual. While in the middle age, human took the God as the core. Robinson was not willing to stick to the old doctrines and lived a life of leisure and ease. “My head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts: my father, who was very ancient, had given me competent share of learning…and designed for the law, but I would be satisfied with nothing but go to sea…”His restless nature made him always fight for a better life and the things he wanted to possess: he went out to sea three times to do business, even after he had established his plantation in Brazil.
1.3 He is a man of kindness
For this point, he has won people’s concern, respect and best wishes. We can find it between the lines of the book. He is really performing well. For example, when he found that the savage wretches had come to the island to hold an inhuman feasting upon the bodies of their fellow creature, he was so astonished and filled with horror. From then on, he always thought about how he could destroy some of these monsters
companion later. 1.4 Robinson Crusoe is a man of hard working
Robinson had shown his marvelous capacity for work, his boundless energy and persistence in overcoming obstacles. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single- handedly against the pitiless forces of nature makes up the best part of the novel. His perseverance in spending months making a canoe, and in practicing pottery making until he got it right, are praiseworthy. Additionally, his resourcefulness is in building a shelter, dairy. 1.5 Robinson Crusoe is a man of wisdom
After the shipwreck in Robinson’s third voyage, he managed to land on the isolated island. Thanks to the education he received in the modern society and the goods he luckily got from the wrecked ship, especially the tools for production, he could then live on the island and remake it at his own will. When facing difficulties, Robinson not always prayed for the God’s blessing but used his wisdom and tools to fight all the obstacles off, and created a necessary and comfortable life for himself. He used full of his knowledge and learned more. In a word, believing that human could bend nature to his will by his wisdom and hard working, instead of relying on God, Robinson changed his miserable life.
2. The negative Aspects of the Character of Robinson Crusoe
Just like the old saying goes, “Men are not saints”. Robinson Crusoe also has his shortcomings in his character.
2.1 Robinson Crusoe pays little attention to his family
In order to realize his dream, Robinson left his family, not considering much about the feelings of the family. As he told us, “I would be satisfied with nothing but go to sea, and my inclination to this led me strongly against the will, nay the commands of
me, is irresponsible, especially in modern society.
2.2 Robinson Crusoe is vain Robinson Crusoe also had a sense of vanity and weakness. After the first sea voyage failed, he had the thought of going home, shame opposed the action, “it occurred to me how I should be laughed at among the neighbors, and should be ashamed to see, not my father and mother only, but even everybody else.” On this point, I don’t agree with Robinson, for his so strong a sense of vanity. What is more, sometimes he was dull and lacking prediction of the results. Once he had an ideal plan to make himself a canoe, one big enough to have carried him and all his cargo. He thought it possible and easy, but it interested in possessions, power and prestige. After the island was peopled, it turned out to be a mad plan and unlikely to be performed: he simply couldn’t think he was “very rich in subjects”, and he thought it was a “merry reflection” that “how like a king I looked. He thought the whole country was my own.
2.3 Robinson Crusoe likes to keep slaves
Due to Robinson’s bourgeoisie outlook, he did have some limits of the bourgeoisie. For example, he supported slavery and thought it was a profitable trade. He was ridiculous on this point, that is, he who believed that man was born free and equal was even eager to own some slaves and direct them at his will. After many yeas of living on the island, he set to get one of those savages into his hands, the slave is called “Friday”. The first word he taught to Friday is “Master” even before teaching him the words “yes “and “no”, and let he know that was to be his name.
Conclusion:
All in all, while not boasting of heroism, Robinson was nonetheless very interested in possessions, power and prestige. After the island was peopled, he thought he was
范文五:苔丝的性格背景分析英文论文
Name 江洪
No.12011011072 Course 英国文学选读 Date 2013/11/3
The Importance of Setting to the Characterization of Tess and Her Fate
It is said that tragedy is to destroy all the good things to the people ’ s face. Hardy ’ s environmental description provides a perfect interpretation for what Lu said. At that time, no matter how hardly Tess tried, all is end in tragedy. She is a poor lady who was persecuted by life and manipulated by social reality. Some say our fate is tied to the environment as much a part of us as we are of it. As a time art and spatial art, the novel’ s environmental description is of great importance, which offers a big stage for character to act and gives a major push to develop plots. On top of this, the novel ’ s environmental description is closely related to heroine ’ s personality and her bitter experience.
“ They were indisposed to stir abroad, and the day passed, and the night following, and the next, and next; till, almost without their being aware, five days had slipped by in absolute seclusion, not a sight or sound of a human being disturbing their peacefulness, such as it was. The changes of the weather were their only events, the birds of the New Forest their only company.” From the two sentences, it's not hard to see that Tess and Angel they temporary had a wonderful time. They realized that time flows away easily so that both of them cherished and enjoyed their hard-won time. Every time Angel mentioned to leave the house they live for the time being, Tess always strangely showed her unwillingness. “He peeped out also. It was quite true; within was affection, union, error forgiven; outside was the inexorable. ” From this sentence, we can understand what causes Tess ’ s reluctance. Once they leaved the house, their peaceful and happy life would finally come to the end.
“Though the sky was dense with cloud, a diffused light from some fragment of a moon had hitherto helped them a little. But the moon had now sunk, the clouds
seemed to settle almost on their heads, and the night grew as dark as a cave. ” The sentence describes a picture of the sky was decorated with dark clouds and hazy light from some fragment of a moon so that they could hardly find their way to happiness. It also gives a hint to readers that Tess’ s future was almost filled with darkness and hopeless. “ Owing to the action of the sun during the preceding day the stone was warm and dry, in comforting contrast to the rough and chill grass around, which had damped her skirts and shoes.” The sentence tells us that Tess was so exhausted after such a long journey. She lied on the oblong slab to sleep for a while. The stone was a part of the Pillar, which was used to offer up a sacrifice to the sun in ancient times. Obviously, Hardy made a special mention of the Pillar so as to imply that Tess is a totally innocent sufferer. However, the representatives of social habits force took advantage of her to make certain their interests .In their eyes, Tess is nothing but a woman of unchaste. From where the author stands, he considered Tess as an innocent sacrifice to spirit, because only chaste things is qualified for being an offering. For this reason, “ the altar ” is actually used by Hardy to courageously attack the social conventions.
In fact, every sight, every color and every place in this book has its inherent meanings. Hardy used various kinds of color to describe natural scenery. All in all, the back ground color of where Tess stayed is the reflection of Tess’ s mentality and her destiny.
References
Thomas Hardy (1840~1928).Tess of the D’ Urberwilles
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