1. What is most important to me is that I don’t have to go to work by ferry.
It seems that you can also take the bus over the bridge now.
It is not known yet whether we can take the bus over the bridge when there is a heavy fog.
1) that引导的主语从句
(1)
e.g. It is true that the college will take in more new students this year.
That the college will take in more new students this year is true. (2)
e.g. It is believed that Indians were the first settlers in the Americas. (3)
e.g. It happened that this type of air-conditioner had been sold out. 2)wh-疑问词引导的主语
e.g. Who will be our new director hasn’t been decided.
It hasn’t been decided who will be our new director.
*
e.g. It was true what he said. (改错)
2. The Red Cross emblem is now used by the medical services of hospitals, ambulances, and
hospital ships.
be used to do sth.
be used to doing sth.
used to do sth.
*used to doing sth.
e.g. He is used to __________ (have) some tea in the morning.
This kind of wood is often used ____________ (make) high quality paper.
He used to __________ (get) up late, but now gets up early. emblem
sign
mark
e.g. A pigeon is the _____________ of peace.
Please make a ____________ where you don’t understand.
She walked for about 10 minutes, but still there was no __________ of the hospital.
3. All countries have agreed that whatever bears the Red Cross must never be attacked. whatever
1)
(1)
e.g. Whatever she did was right.
(2)
e.g. I will do whatever you wish.
(3)
e.g. Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 2)
e.g. I’ll post that letter whatever Wilson says.
Whatever happened I must be calm and quiet.
You have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet. 3)
(1)
e.g. Whatever are they afraid of?
(2)
e.g. I know nothing whatever about him. bear
1)
e.g. The letter bears her signature.
2)
e.g. The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 3)
e.g. I don’t feel very well. I can[‘t bear this weather.
She can’t bear to be laughed at.
He couldn’t bear living alone.
He can’t bear me to be unhappy.
4. Many thousands of prisoners remember with gratitude the Red Cross food parcels, the warm
clothing, the books and the medical supplies that were sent to them.
with gratitude
e.g. 我带
clothing
cloth
clothes
medical supplies
5. Many mothers and fathers were thankful for the news of their missing sons first brought to
them by the Red Cross.
be thankful to sb. for sth.
e.g. TOM非
6. In peace, too, the Red Cross is quick to send help wherever there is human suffering.
be quick to do sth.
e.g. 他
wherever
e.g. 随便坐吧~
7. It is true that the members of the Red Cross are often among the first on the scene and are
always equipped to bring help and relief.
on the scene
e.g. 医生在故发生后很
equip…with…
equip…for…
e.g. The house is equipped with airconditioning.
We are well equipped for the new tasks before us.
relief
e.g. The Red Cross send relief to people made homeless by floods.
A doctor’s task is to work for the relief of suffering.
8. Through the years the Red Cross has inspired millions of men, women, and children to devote
time and care to the service of others.
inspire sb. to do sth.
e.g. 老师
devote… to…
e.g. 他把他一生献给了
devote oneself to…
e.g. 他
9. Today the work goes on, for at any moment disaster may strike somewhere, and the Red Cross
must be ready to journey to the ends of the earth, if necessary, and bring relief.
strike
1)
e.g. He got a stick and struck at me.
The tree was struck by lightening.
2)
e.g. The clock has just struck four.
Please strike a chord on the piano.
be ready to do sth.
be ready for sth.
e.g.
journey
travel
e.g. He has __________ to Beijing to have an important meeting.
She has __________ all over the world. if necessary
e.g. If necessary, I’ll pay a visit to him.
If possible, I’ll help him.
主语从句的时态
主语从句
时态:不受主句的?时态影响和?限制。
(1)That he finis?hed writi?ng the compo?sitio?n in such a short? time surpr?ised
us all.
(2)Wheth?er we will go for an outin?g tomor?row remai?ns unkno?wn.
(3)Who will be our monit?or hasn't been decid?ed yet.
(4) Whom we must study? for is a quest?ion of great? impor?tance?.
(5)What cause?d the accid?ent remai?ns unkno?wn.
(6)Whate?ver you did is right?.
(7)Who the watch? belon?gs to was lost is unkno?wn.
(8)What we need is time.
(9)What we need are good docto?rs.
When we will have holid?ays is unkno?wn
同位语从句?
I have a dream? that one day, all roads? will be made plain?.
Some peopl?e hold the opini?on that the Inter?net is a curse?.
I heard? the news that our team had won(我
had no idea that you were here(我不知道你?在这里。
可以跟同位?
n,doubt?,thoug?ht,hope,messa?ge,sugge?stion?(消息),,words?po
ssi?bilit?y等。
如: I’ve?come?from?Mr?wang?with?a?messa?ge?that?he?won’t?be?
able to see you this after?noon(
我从王先?那里来,他让我诉?你他今天下?午
语中引导?同位语从句?的词
n,where?等。(注:if,which? 不能
如: l have no idea When he will be back(我不知道他?什么时候回?
He must answe?r the quest?ion wheth?er he agree?s to it or not.
比较以下两?个句子
The news that l have passe?d the exam is true(我通过了考?
一消息?
(同位语从句?,即从句所表?达的意思就?
The news that he told me just now is true(他刚才告诉?我
息是?真的。
(定语从,从句对前面?名词修饰?限制作用,即“
息,而不是
1
表语从句
She has remai?ned where? I stood? yeste?rday for an hour.
她一直在我?昨天的地?方站了一
His sugge?stion? is that we shoul?d stay calm.
他的建议是?,我们应该保?持冷静。
The quest?ion is when he can arriv?e at the hotel?.
问题是,他什么候?可以到
who will trave?l with me to Beiji?ng tomor?row.谁与我明天?将前往北京?。
He has becom?e what he wante?d to be ten years? ago.
The quest?ion is when he can arriv?e at the hotel?.
The quest?ion is wheth?er the enemy? is march?ing towar?ds us
The quest?ion is who will trave?l with me to Beiji?ng tomor?row 其他重要句?型,务必
对过去有
Must have done It must have raine?d.肯定下雨了?
Can’t have done It can’t have raine?d. 不可能下雨?
对过去没
May/might? have done it may have raine?d.也许下雨了?
May/might? not have done it may not have raine?d.也许没下雨?
本应该干什?么
Shoul?d not have done …….. 本来不应该?下
Shoul?d have done it shoul?d have raine?d 本来应该下?
本不必
Needn?’t have done it needn?’t have raine?d 本不必下雨?
2
主语从句的语序
Period 3 Learning about Language
Teaching Goals:
1. To get Ss to know how to use new words and phrases.
2. To help Ss to master some new words and expressions.
3. To get Ss to have the knowledge of this grammar point: noun clauses as the subject Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Consolidation
Purpose: To consolidate the words and phrases in the text.
1. Ask Ss to work in groups and read the text again, and then finish Ex1 and Ex2 on P28 and check the answers in groups.
2. Ask Ss to keep the words they filled in Ex1 in heart.
3. Ask Ss to finish Ex3 and then let them check each other’s answers.
Step 2. Grammar
Purpose: To get Ss to recognize noun clauses as the subject and to make sure that
they can do some simple exercises.
1. Divide Ss into four groups and ask them to finish Ex1 of Discovering Useful Structures on P29. And then let them draw a conclusion about the grammar point. See which group understand it best and have a member of the group present before the class.
2. After the presentation, explain the grammar point for Ss. 3.Let Ss complete Ex2 on page 29 after learning the grammar. Purpose: To get Ss to understand the usage of noun clauses as the subject. (1) 主语从句
主从句要求使用陈句语序,而非一般
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到惊讶的是个小女孩的小提
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
他是如何
(2)
? that
that和what都可引导主从句。what除起连接作外,还在名词性从句
当某些成可作从句的主语、宾或表语。而that在
何成分,无词义,只起连接词作用。如:
What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知,光线沿
运行。
? if和whether的选用
导主语从句,不
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否户外开晚会要
? 其它连
根据主语从句
w等连接,这些连接词既有问含义,又起连接作
各种成分。如:
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
我们何时行运动会还
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
还不清
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
你决定买哪辆车都不会
?whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句,并在
中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone w
ho。要注和whatever,whoever引导的让
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句)(,Anyone who
breaks the law should be punished. )
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)(,No
matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)
(3) it构成的主语从句
? 连词that引导的主从句,在大多数情况下
词it作形
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
众所周
需要意的是,it作形式主语代主语从句时,要注意和as引导
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句,有that,无逗
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. (定语从句,无that,有逗
上两句意为“据报,美国遭到恐怖
? 常见用it形式主语的
? It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good new
s?)that?如:
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看
? It is necessary (clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / l
ikely?)that?
需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很为“(should),动词原
It is necessary that you (should)master the computer.
你很
It is important that a student learn English well.
学生
It’s clear that they badly need help.
很明
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
飓风很
? It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/
decided /suggested /order-ed?)that?如:
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
? It seems (happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference /
?)that ?如:
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他好像会赢得
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否
(4) 主语从句可位于句首
? if 引导的主从句不可居于
? It is said /reported…结构中的主
It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ?
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. × ? It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ?
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. × ? It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. ?
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ×
? 含主从句的复合句是问句时,主语从句
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ?
Is that will rain in the evening likely? ×
3. Practice
Purpose: to get the students to have the knowledge of the grammar through
exercise.
(1) Ask Ss to find which of the following sentences are subject clauses.
What he wants is a book.
It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.
I’m so glad that I can make friends with you.
This is why he did it.
Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?
That he wants a book is certain.
I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.
Whether you like him or not doesn’t matter too much.
He doesn’t know whether you can sing it well.
The problem is whether you can sing it well.
The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.
Please tell me who your monitor is.
Suggested Answers:
主语从句是: ? ? ? ?, 宾语从
(11)为
(2) Ask Ss to choose the best answers to the following sentences.
? ________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
? It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
? When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not been
known
? _____ surprised me most was ____ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That...what B. What...that C.
That...which D. What...which
The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is_______.
A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I
What a pity _____is _____you didn’t arrive by daylight.
A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for
? is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
It is important that ______ our education in all available ways.
A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop
It is necessary that ______ by the end of the week.
A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready
C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready It was natural that _______.
A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them
C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them
11. __________we can’t get seems better than _______we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 12. ___________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
13. It worried her a bit ________her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
14. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______you had a few days off.
A. why B. when C. what D. where
15. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
16. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 17. ________you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
18. You can’t imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 19. There is no doubt ________.
A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy
C. if Mr. Hansen's health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health
Suggested Answers:
?,? CBABC ?,? BDDCC
11,15 ABBAA 16,19 BCBA
Step 3. Homework
1. Ask Ss to review the new words and phrases. 2. Ask Ss to learn the rules of noun clauses as the subject by heart.
主语从句的概念
? 主语从句的概念: 如果一个句子在复合句充当一个,那么这个句子是主语从。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连代词what,who,whichwhatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词,只起连接作用。 ? 主语从句用法: 1、主语从句的
主语从句通由连词that和whether、接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导: 如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问
2、主语从
有时为了考虑子平衡,通常在主语从句处使形式主语it,而将真正的主语句移至句末。这分三种情
(1)对以连词that引的主语从句,通常用
如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没
(2)对于以接代词(副词)引导的主语从,可以使用形式主语代主语从,也可直接在句首使用主语从
如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是会支我们是一个问题。 It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个
(3)对系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总主语从句放在句首: 如:What we need is money. 我们需要的
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式
如:Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的
How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到
3、连词that的省略问题:
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时
若that引导的主语从句
若that引导的主语句位于句末,而在句首使用了式主语it,that则可以省略: 如:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很憾你没听报告。(that不可省) It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省) 主语从句应注意的几
1、that导的主语从句既可放在句,也可放在句尾,但在下列情下that从句不可提
(1)在It is said/reported...that结构中:
如:It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday.
(2)在Ithappened/occurred...结构中:
Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday.
(3)含主语从
如:Is it ture that you will give up the job?
2、下面这情况常用it作形
3、由what引导主从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使中竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的
如:What we need is more time.
What were left behind were five empty bottles.
【doc】主语从句的两种结构和三类连接词
主语从句的两种结构和三连接词 夺四川
1.主语从句
WhathewantedtOseewasanendtoall thearmiesoftheworld.
Whokcptthedooropenallnightwastin—
known.
2.主语从句位于尾,使用先
形式主语.例如:
Itwasrightthatthetemplewasrescued. It'SapitythatyouhavetogoSOsoon. 在下列情
主语从句
1)谓语
Itseemedcertainthatthiswouldwinthe prize.
ItappearedtOscientistsonearththatthe starshadmoved.
It'sawonderyourecognizedme. 2)在Itisknown…;Itissaid...;Itis
hoped…;Itisbelieved…等惯用的被动结
构中.例如:
Itisknownnowwhytheearthmoves roundthesun.
ItisbelievedthatbeforewritingWasde- veloped,peopleinChinausedtOkeeprecords
byputtinganumberofstonestogether. 需注的是:当主语从句放在句尾
用形式主语时.形式
用this,that代词.比较下
(1)Does——matterifhecantfinishthejob ontime?(MET1)
6
A.thisB.thatC.heDlit
(2)——
isafactthatEnglishisbeingacc? eptedasaninternationallanguage. (NMET'95)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
1.tllat.wbether(if)
连接词that本没有意义,
分,只表示从句的开
能省略;whether(if)尽管不充
是含有"是否"的意思,可以加上"ornot",其
语义不变.whether和if也有
如果主语从句位于-i首.则
whether,不用if...比藏以
(1)fashiondiffersfromc~untryto c~untrymayreflex:tthecultura1.differences
fromoneaspect.(2002春上海题).
A.靴lat垦.That.
C.ThisD.Which
(2)——youdonllikehimisnoneofmy business.('92上海题)
A.fB.矗o
C.ThatD.Whether
(3)ItworriedherabitherhairWas turninggrey.(MET2)
A.while曼.tlIat
C.ifD.for
(4)——we'llgocampingtomorrowdepends ontheweather.(NM哐T).
A.IfB.Whether
C.ThatD.Where
2.what,who(m),which,whose,when. 3量摹h"j.t蓼季;
where,why,how
在这一类连接词
之外,在从句中又别起代词,
的作用,在从句中分作主语,宾
语和定语.因此,what,who(m),which又称
为连接代词;when,where,why,how又称为连
接副词;whose,which,what又称为连接形容
词.试比较:
Whowilld0itdoesn'tmatter.(连接代词
who在从
WhatWeneedismorewater.(连接代词
what在从旬
Whichofthetwoisbetterremainstobe seen.(接
Whenwestarttheworkisanimportant question.(接副词when在从句中作时间
语)
Wherethelibraryistobebuilthasnot
beendecidedyet.(连接副词where在从句中
作地点状语)
Whyshewaslateforschoolisquiteclear nOW.(连
W1lichplanisbetterwillbeannounced later.(连形容词which在从旬中作名
plan的定语)
比较下列
(1)causedtheacci~ntisstillatom. pletemystery.(上海题)
?.WhatB.That
C.HowD.re
(2】——
Wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan——
Wehave.(NMET)
A.What;whatB.What;that
C.That;thatD.n衄t:what
(3)shecouldn~understandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestsin
herlessons.(2000上海题)
A.What;whyB.That;what
C.What;becauseD.Why;tllat (4)——hesaidatthemeetingastonished everybodypresent.(NME3)
A.rIlatB.That
C.1【11efactD.1【11ematter
(5)Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,does itmatteritwas?(2001年春京
皖题)
A.whereB.what
C.how.which
(此题中,连代词which在旬中表 语.whichwhat不同的是:which示是 somebook和other两本书之间的一本,属于 有限选择;what示无限
whichever
whatever等连接词与what等连接代词 的法一样,只是具有较疆的语义,"凡 是","不管","无论"等意思.例如:' Whateverhesaidwasn~true.他说的任 何事情都不是事
Wl~'verguesseswiltIliaveinmyh孤d0. .
不管谁猜对了我手里拿白
这东西
.
比较下列
——
hashelpedtOsaVethedt~wningis-hl
worthpraising.(上海题)_lll A.WhOB.Theone'lI;,'
C..Anyone.啪10eVer.
'
'
|..
此题的:何意是:凡是帮助救这位落水姑
娘的人都该得到表.主语从句
whoever=anyonewhb;tll_epersonwho.比
较:,t..'
Wl'l(1~vertoldyouthatwaslying.不管这
话是谁对你讲的,他都蹙牲撒谎.'一
=A_y0newhotb玲曲赫-W
=1【11epersonwhotoldyouthatwasly- ing.又如:'
(1):leavesthei'OOllllasto~ghttoturn
offthelights.(舰鹊)
A.An6.'B.Theperson
C.WWDevcr'_D.Who,
(2)Itis'generallyconsiderednnwietogeta
child——
heO1"shewSlltS.(N]MET7) 'A.h~ever.B.wlmtevet
C.whicheverD.whenever
7
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