一、discussion部分重要的结构问题

在开始写discussion部分时有几个重要的问题需要考虑。

讨论部分的结构

·你的目标杂志是否允许把结果和讨论作为一个整体部分，而后是独立的

·结论部分的结构形式。这种编排方式适合你的写作内容吗?

·目标杂志是否允许相对较长的讨论部分之后跟随一个独立的结论部分?

·目标杂志允许结论部分包含副标题吗?这样的选择有助于为读者指明你的主要信息吗?

建立讨论部分和论文标题之间的紧密联系

·当你确定了将在讨论部分重点强调的论文结果的关键要点，重新起草论文题目使之更清晰地反映这些关键内容。

建立讨论部分与前言部分之间的紧密联系

·牢记你需要确保讨论部分与前言部分提出的问题有清晰的联系，尤其研究领域、与研究空白相关的证据以及研究目的或主要的研究内容。当讨论部分初稿完成后，回头看一下前言部分，看它们之间是否紧密配合。如果需要的话，滋新起草前言部分，确保讨论部分重要的问题也在前言部分存在。

·尽管discussion部分与introduction部分有紧密的联系，discussion部分要参考的文献不需要全部包含在前言之中，重要的是在这两个部分不要有不必要的重复。如有需要essay写作帮助的话可以联系meeloun教育哦，望采纳~3Q

寻一篇关于“文化交流”的英语作文范文。

The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one's efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one's behavior appropriately.For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said. William Ury's suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think, or as he puts it ＂go to the balcony＂ when the situation gets tense. By this he means withdraw from the situation, step back, and reflect on what is going on before you act. This helps in cross cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here? Is it possible I misinterpreted what they said, or they misinterpreted me? Often misinterpretation is the source of the problem.Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out–by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. If words are used differently between languages or cultural groups, however, even active listening can overlook misunderstandings. Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. For instance, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish rapport or a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a ＂warm up＂ first will feel uncomfortable. A mediator or intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate procedural adjustments.Yet sometimes intermediaries can make communication even more difficult. If a mediator is the same culture or nationality as one of the disputants, but not the other, this gives the appearance of bias, even when none exists. Even when bias is not intended, it is common for mediators to be more supportive or more understanding of the person who is of his or her own culture, simply because they understand them better. Yet when the mediator is of a third cultural group, the potential for cross-cultural misunderstandings increases further. In this case engaging in extra discussions about the process and the manner of carrying out the discussions is appropriate, as is extra time for confirming and re-confirming understandings at every step in the dialogue or negotiating process.

速求“高中英语作文范文”十篇

下面是某中学高中生20世纪90年代和2005年购买英语资料的对比表，请描述表格内容. tapes Reference books CD/DVD Internet 年人均投入 20世纪90年代初 33% 67% 0% 0% ￥60 2005年 15% 47% 28% 10% ￥210 1. 要求：解释发生的原因（可涉及学生对英语重视程度的加强，科技发展使新的学习产品不断涌现）. 2.字数：100左右 参考词汇：对比comparison；购买purchase；支出expenditure Possible version: The diagram shows us the comparison of English materials purchase made by the senior students in our school in the early 1990s and in 2005. In 2005 there were more new choices for students, like Internet (10%) and CD/DVD (28%). While in the early 1990s there were only tapes (33%) and reference books (67%). At the same time, the average expenditure on English materials has increased from 60 yuan in the early 1990s to 210 yuan in 2005. From these, we learn that there are more choices of materials on English learning and that students spend more money on them. Some reasons can explain this (phenomenon). First, many students realize the importance of learning English. English is widely used all over the world. Second, since China entered WTO, learning English has become more popular. Third,as science and technology have been developing so fast / with the development of science and technology, these latest English learning facilities have already been proved far more useful and effective than traditional books.假设你是李晓平，是江苏中学的学生。

请你围绕“建设和谐社会”的主题，根据下面所给出的提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。

1.人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心； 2.人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助； 3.人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护； 4.你的态度：内容由考生自己拟定。

注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.倡议书的开头、结尾以及提示句已为你写好，不计入词数； 3.内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。

Build a Harmonious SocietyDear fellow students, Our government is going to build a ＂harmonious society＂. I think it is everyone's duty to work hard to achieve thisgoal. As high school students, what should we do ? First of all, we should love our motherland. Let's take a GREat interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in our school's activities. Secondly, let's fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. Most important of all, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life. Finally, let's work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass. As for myself, I will study even harder and try my best to do all the above. Dear fellow students, let's start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute! Li Xiaoping From Jiangsu HighSchool2011年高考英语作文万能模板一、英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.I'm pleased to hear that you're coming to China for a visit.I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：With best wishes.I'm looking forward to your reply.I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we'll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don't be late.结束语部分：Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you'll have a nice time here.That's all. Thank you.三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题）Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...（列出2~3个赞成的理由）第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What's more... In addition...（列出2~3个反对的理由）结论：第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）オ2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because ...

2014年北京高考英语作文范文

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school, I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report. Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggfestions. Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place. Now it is easy to park our bikes there.希望能帮助到你，还望采纳

高中英语教案范文

供参考的范例Module 1 Unit 2 Heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes说课教案（一） 教学内容1. 本课是Unit 2 heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes 的第一课时。

本单元分别介绍了National hero, History makers,Sports stars 和 Superhero。

这几篇文章的主题都是hero，但涉及的领域不同，它们融会贯通，承上启下，融为一体。

2. 本课是介绍National Hero，是学生比较熟悉和感兴趣的话题，前部分需要介绍杨利伟和神州五号，让学生掌握有关词汇；后一部分是介绍杨利伟乘坐神州五号宇宙飞船遨游太空的情况。

3. 本课文出现了较多的定语从句，还有生词较多（有些单词表没有而初中又没有学过），在这样的困难前提下，我引导学生通过 culture and background knowledge，结合课本内容丰富自己的知识面，拓宽学生对航天知识的了解，让学生了解航天英雄的成功之路，激发他们的民族自豪感。

（二） 学生分析1. 组成情况职业高中高一学生年龄都在14-16岁之间，大多数学生由于初中的知识基础打得不扎实，而且缺乏主动学习的能动性，自学能力差，对学习没有持有探究性和方向性，也没有养成良好英语学习习惯，所以学习成绩不太理想。

2. 学生的知识与技能水平职业高中招生的学生，基础知识比较薄弱，甚至连音标都不会读，词汇的掌握范围狭窄，影响了阅读，听力和作文。

学生的表达能力还是停留在比较低级的水平，面对每幅图片或某个主题只能说出一两句话，而且在阅读上，未能掌握泛读和精读的技巧和方法，课后的预习和复习能力较差，缺乏总结归纳的能力。

3. 学生已掌握的学习策略尽管学生的知识和技能水平一般，但经过了一定时间的训练后，他们还是掌握了pair work, group work, using the culture and background knowledge的阅读技巧。

（三） 教学目标1. 通过快速阅读文章，学生能够对每段文章进行归纳总结，准确地把段落主题与所给的headings联系起来。

2. 通过仔细阅读，学生能够回答关于文章的细节问题。

3. 通过进一步阅读，学生能够学生能用英语对采访自己心目中的民族英雄。

并尝试复述课文。

（四） 教学策略教学方法：使用交际法，充分调动学生的积极性，积极参与到课堂教学中，通过师生互动，小组表演的形式，完成各种任务，以达到完成教学任务的途径。

（五） 教学过程第一步 导入T: Good morning, Everyone! Do you like watching movies? Do you know Jet Lee （李连杰）？Do you know one of his famous movie called HERO? What does 'hero' mean? Who are the heroes in your heart? Do you know Yan Liwei, our national hero？第二步 介绍文章人物T: Open your books, and turn to page 100 and 101. Let's read two passages about Shenzhou V and Yang Liwei.Shenzhou V is China's first manned spaceship. It lifted off at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It was carrying Yang Liwei. It was launched very successfully and landed in Inner Mongolia safely.Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut. He was a pilot in the army. He was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998. During the 21-hour space flight, he circled the earth 14 times. When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.介绍文章时，展示文章中的生词，让学生猜测词意，带读并加以巩固。

第三步 阅读文章（1） Fast Reading呈现六个headings，让学生快速阅读，要求归纳每段的主题。

a. Astronaut lands safelyb. Welcome homec. International good wishedd. An exciting lift-offe. Introdutionf. During the flight学生单个回答并集体讨论改正错误。

（2） Careful Reading学生通过fast reading，完成了headings后，基本对课文有一定的了解，然后呈现出五道问题，要求学生再进行第二次阅读，对课文进行更深入的了解。

1. How did Yang Liwei feel duing the flight? How did he feel afterwards?2. What did Yang Liwei do during the Shenzhou V's seventh circle of the earth?3. How many circles did the spaceship complete while Yang Liwei was sleeping?4. What were helicopters doing as Yang Liwei returned to the earth's atmosphere?5. What did Yang Liwei do when he came out of the spaceship？第四步 巩固练习通过两次阅读让学生对课文熟悉，训练学生的阅读速度和解题技巧，最后通过ask and answer in pairs，培养学生的口语能力，并强迫他们记住文章的主要内容，为下一步语言运用打下基础。

第五步 语言运用为提高学生对生活中的热点问题发表自己观点的能力，让学生运用自己学过的语言知识，对自己心目中的民族英雄进行模拟采访。

把全班同学分成若干个小组，每个小组有一名同学扮演“杨利伟”，其他同学为全国各地新闻媒体记者，他们自由设计问题，对“杨利伟”进行采访。

教师巡视课堂，发现表现出色的小组，让他们到台前表演。

教师总结评价。

第六步 布置作业让学生准备复述杨利伟的故事，...

英语四级作文范文—关于观点类的

备考建议1、关注时政热点2、总结积累相关词汇、短语及经典句型四级作文命题类型(1)观点类作文a.观点选择类作文b.观点论证类作文(2)现象类作文a.现象阐释类b.问题解决类(3)图表类作文a.影响分析类b.问题解决类(4)应用类作文a.书信b.演讲a.观点选择型作文此类作文直接要求考生比较两种对立的观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，做出选择。

观点选择型关键句式There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of… .Some argue/ hold that…， butothers set forth a totally different argument about the issue. 如今，XX问题引起了广泛的讨论，有些人 认为…，但其他人则对此持有完全相反的观点。

高中 英语 作文 题目 范文

2009年高考英语作文最新热点预测五：两岸直航假设你是学生李明，你的一位英国朋友罗伊（Roy）听说中国大陆和台湾已经实行两岸直航，便向你了解情况。

请跟据列表内容用英语给Roy回信。

过去 现在 概 况 60年前台湾切断两岸正常通航；2008年7月启动周末包机。

每日通航，月航班数达60个以上；启动直航第一周，两岸有12家航空公司申请了101个航班，为4个台湾城市和12个大陆城市提供服务。

航 线 客航向南绕行香港；货轮向北绕行日本冲绳岛。

从台北等城市可以直航大陆的上海等10多个城市。

优 劣 用时长，成本高。

用时短，成本低。

你对直航的评价 要求：1、要点全面，语句连贯； 2、词数150个词左右，信的开头和结尾已给，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：周末包机weekend charter flights，货轮cargo ships，冲绳岛island of OkinawaDear Roy,I'm very glad to receive your letter, and I feel it a great honor to introduce briefly to you something about the direct flights between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That's what I can tell you at present. Maybe I'll have some more information for you not long time later. Yours,Li MingOne possible version:Dear Roy,I'm very glad to receive your letter, and I feel it a great honor to introduce briefly to you something about the direct flights between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. Six decades ago, Taiwan put a ban on the regular links between the two sides. But Last July saw the starting of weekend charter flights. Now both sides are even enjoying daily direct flights, which numbers up to monthly 60 at times. When the direct flights began in the first week, twelve air companies from the two sides applied for 101 flights, providing services between four Taiwan and 12 mainland cities.Originally, the passenger planes were required to fly south by way of Hong Kong, and the cargo ships had to sail around the Japanese island of Okinawa north of Taiwan. Now the flights and cargo ships from Taipei and other main cities can directly reach more than 10 cities of the mainland, like Shanghai, which has taken much less time and greatly reduced the shipping costs.The direct flights, I think, have opened a new era of direct air and shipping services, and brought new vigor to economic and trade ties between the two sides.That's what I can tell you at present Maybe I'll have some more information for you not long time later. Yours, Li Ming09高考英语热点作文预测5 写一篇以金融危机为主题的英语作文。

参考词汇： 金融危机：Financial Crisis 参考范文： What Caused The Financial Crisis? I think we can sum up（总结，概括） the cause of our current economic crisis in one word — GREED（贪婪）. Over the years, mortgage lenders were happy to lend money to people who couldn't afford their mortgages. But they did it anyway because there was nothing to lose. These lenders were able to charge higher interest rates and make more money on sub-prime loans. If the borrowers default,they simply seized the house and put it back on the market. On top of that, they were able to pass the risk off to mortgage insurer or package these mortgages as mortgage-backed securities. Easy money!and what went wrong with our financial system? The whole thing was one big scheme. Everything was great when houses were selling like hot cakes and their values go up every month. Lenders made it easier to borrow money,and the higher demand drove up house values. Higher house values means that lenders could lend out even bigger mortgages, and it also gave lenders some protection against foreclosures. All of this translates into more money for the lenders, insurers, and investors. Unfortunately, many borrowers got slammed when their adjustable mortgage finally adjusted. When too many of them couldn't afford to make their payments, it causes these lenders to suffer from liquidity issue and to sit on more foreclosures than they could sell. Mortgage-backed securities became more risky and worth less causing...

英语的书信格式是怎样的？请附例文（作文）

Mr. Steve Pincus Human Relations Winfield Medical 100 Main Street Winfield, FL 09876 Dear Mr. Pincus: Our last discussion left me thoroughly convinced that I can produce dramatic results for Winfield Medical. Count on my intelligence, experience, innate ＂people power,＂ top-notch positioning, negotiation, and follow-up skills to bring in the steady stream of business you seek. Hire someone with the know-how, the guts, and the goods to succeed. Hire someone as committed to performance as you are. Hire me. Sincerely John Apgood (555) 456-789 Home Phone (555) 765-4321 Work Phone信头：指发信人的地址和日期。

写在信纸的右上角，可以从靠近信纸的中央写起。

信头上面要留空白。

先写发信人地址。

地址的写法与汉语不同，要先写小地方，后写大地方。

在地址的下面写上日期。

日期的顺序是：月、日、年，或者：日、月、年。

例如：May 17 2003。

在年份之前有一个逗号。

在信纸的左边或者右边都可以。

2008年浙江高考英语作文范文

Working Individually or Working in a TeamThere are basically two ways to get work done. One is to work individually. In this way, people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it. What's more, they will be able to learn bow to solve problems on their own.People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. Besides, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always important.

2004

08年浙江卷高考英语作文及范文第三节： 书面表达 （满分30分） 人们完成工作的方式通常有两种：独立完成和合作完成。

两种方式各有特点。

请你以“Working Individually or Working in a Team”为题，按照以下要点写一篇英语短文： 1. 独立完成：自行安排、自己解决问题。

2. 合作完成：一起讨论、相互学习 3. 我喜欢的方式和理由 注意：词数100-120，文章的题目和开头已给出（不计词数）。

Working Individually or Working in a Team There are basically two ways to get work done. ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 范文：Working Individually or Working in a TeamThere are basically two ways to get work done. One is to work individually. In this way, people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it. What's more, they will be able to learn bow to solve problems on their own.People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. Besides, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always important.先给你08年的

求英语作文范文 题目是：大学生怎样提高英语水平

English is the most general language for the international business world. People who are not native English speakers must immerse themselves in English-speaking environments if they want to speak English well and be successful.Steps Learn the basic reading and listening abilities of English.Spend at least one hour everyday listening to news or discussion programs such as NPR (National Public Radio) news or BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation; the World Service or Radio Four are best) news. It's hard to understand what they are saying when you first begin to listen to them, but gradually you'll get used to the speed and tone. Then you can get a brief idea of what they are talking about, although you can't get the detail. You don't need to listen to the radio for an whole hour at once. It's best to spend twenty or thirty minutes on listening separately.Spend more than three hours every day on reading English news or articles. Reading builds up your vocabulary, idioms, phrases, and the concepts of English structures. If you do enough reading, it will save you a lot of time since you will not need to spend more time on building your vocabulary or grammar. Read out loud when you do your reading so that you can improve your pronunciation at the same time.Learn the phonetic alphabet (pronunciation symbols). This can help you pronounce correctly, and it's necessary to speak with the correct tone if you want to make some friends with native English speakers. This is a big deal for non-native English speakers.Make some pen pals and write them at least once everyday. The best way to improve your writing is to practice writing as much as you can. The more you write the more you know how to use what you've learned from reading and listening.Make friends with native-English speakers. This is the most difficult task because of the difference in culture, but you can't really master English unless you can communicate with a native English speaker fluently. You have to know enough things and have good listening skills if you want to have good conversations with an American or Briton. Remember to ask a lot of questions to keep the conversation going. When someone asks you a question, give more than just the basic information. For example, if someone asks you ＂Do you like living here?＂ don't just answer ＂Yes＂ or ＂No,＂ but tell them why, too.Watch some English TV. TV is the best and most inexpensive teacher to learn real English. Not only you can learn formal English from news or debate TV programs, but you can also learn everyday English from soap operas and sitcoms. Be careful because too much jargon or too many idioms make your speech ambiguous.Try listening to the Radio. Radio is also one of the best and inexpensive English teachers. Because there is no picture, you cannot lip read. You must train your ear to listen.Use an English-English dictionary and bring your dictionary wherever you go. If you find some words that you don't know, look them up in your dictionary immediately. Use your newly-learned idioms or vocabulary. Once you use the words which you memorized, you will never forget them again.Think in English. Getting used to using English all the time will make it easier to listen and react with it.Join web groups or clubs where you can post questions freely and discuss the use of grammar such as Kela-Bi Group at Google Take an ESL (English as a Second Language) class at your local community college (if you live in the USA.) Classes are free! Your tax dollar at work!Tips Make friends with native English speakers. Learn about the cultures of English-speaking countries. If you have your sights set on the US, look for literacy programs in your area -- they are often free, learn a trade and do your best to acquire English-speaking friends. Americans like people with an ＂I can do it!＂ attitude. In Britain, a useful skill and some modesty are more the key. Find a native individual who not only speaks English, but can teach it. Learn grammar and vocabulary using visual, auditory and spoken methods. Spiral the cycle and keep it interesting. Children might enjoy learning in a kitchen while drinking milk after school. As a teenager, live for a year in an English speaking country. This is much less expensive if you do a barter - accept someone in your house in trade for living in theirs. Learn English by reading, listening, studying, and asking questions; practice what you learn by speaking and writing. Dictation is an excellent way to improve your listening and spelling skills. Have a friend read a few paragraphs from a book or a newspaper. Write down what you ...

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