范文一:香港特别行政区基本法
(1990年4月4日第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过 1990年4月4日中华人民共和国主席令第二十六号公布 自1997年7月1日起施行)
序 言
第一章 总 则
第二章 中央和香港特别行政区的关系
第三章 居民的基本权利和义务
第四章 政治体制
第一节 行政长官
第二节 行政机关
第三节 立法机关
第四节 司法机关
第五节 区域组织
第六节 公务人员
第五章 经 济
第一节 财政、金融、贸易和工商业
第二节 土地契约
第三节 航运
第四节 民用航空
第六章 教育、科学、文化、体育、宗教、劳工和社会服务
第七章 对外事务
第八章 本法的解释和修改
第九章 附 则
附件一:香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法
附件二:香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序
附件三:在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律
中华人民共和国主席令第二十六号
《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》,包括附件一:《香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》,附件二:《香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序》,附件三:《在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律》,以及香港特别行政区区旗、区徽图案,已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议于1990年4月4日通过,现予公布,自1997年7月1日起实施。 中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆 1990年4月4日
序 言
香港自古以来就是中国的领土,一八四零年鸦片战争以后被英国占领。一九八四年十二月十九日,中英两国政府签署了关于香港问题的联合声明,确认中华人民共和国政府于一九九七年七月一日恢复对香港行使主权,从而实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。
为了维护国家的统一和领土完整,保持香港的繁荣和稳定,并考虑到香港的历史和现实情况,国家决定,在对香港恢复行使主权时,根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定,设立香港特别行政区,并按照“一个国家,两种制度”的方针,不在香港实行社会主义的制度和政策。国家对香港的基本方针政策,已由中国政府在中英联合声明中予以阐明。
根据中华人民共和国宪法,全国人民代表大会特制定中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,规定香港特别行政区实行的制度,以保障国家对香港的基本方针政策的实施。
第一章 总 则
第一条 香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
第二条 全国人民代表大会授权香港特别行政区依照本法的规定实行高度自治,享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。
第三条 香港特别行政区的行政机关和立法机关由香港永久性居民依照本法有关规定组成。
第四条 香港特别行政区依法保障香港特别行政区居民和其他人的权利和自由。
第五条 香港特别行政区不实行社会主义制度和政策,保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式,五十年不变。
第六条 香港特别行政区依法保护私有财产权。
第七条 香港特别行政区境内的土地和自然资源属于国家所有,由香港特别行政区政府负责管理、使用、开发、出租或批给个人、法人或团体使用或开发,其收入全归香港特别行政区政府支配。
第八条 香港原有法律,即普通法、衡平法、条例、附属立法和习惯法,除同本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外,予以保留。
第九条 香港特别行政区的行政机关、立法机关和司法机关,除使用中文外,还可使用英文,英文也是正式语文。
第十条 香港特别行政区除悬挂中华人民共和国国旗和国徽外,还可使用香港特别行政区区旗和区徽。
香港特别行政区的区旗是五星花蕊的紫荆花红旗。
香港特别行政区的区徽,中间是五星花蕊的紫荆花,周围写有“中华人民共和国香港特别行政区”和英文“香港”。
第十一条 根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条,香港特别行政区的制度和政策,包括社会、经济制度,有关保障居民的基本权利和自由的制度,行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度,以及有关政策,均以本法的规定为依据。
香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律,均不得同本法相抵触。
第二章 中央和香港特别行政区的关系
第十二条 香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国的一个享有高度自治权的地方行政区域,直辖于中央人民政府。
第十三条 中央人民政府负责管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务。 中华人民共和国外交部在香港设立机构处理外交事务。
中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区依照本法自行处理有关的对外事务。 第十四条 中央人民政府负责管理香港特别行政区的防务。
香港特别行政区政府负责维持香港特别行政区的社会治安。
中央人民政府派驻香港特别行政区负责防务的军队不干预香港特别行政区的地方事务。香港特别行政区政府在必要时,可向中央人民政府请求驻军协助维持社会治安和救助灾害。
驻军人员除须遵守全国性的法律外,还须遵守香港特别行政区的法律。 驻军费用由中央人民政府负担。
第十五条 中央人民政府依照本法第四章的规定任命香港特别行政区行政长官和行政机关的主要官员。
第十六条 香港特别行政区享有行政管理权,依照本法的有关规定自行处理香港特别行政区的行政事务。
第十七条 香港特别行政区享有立法权。
香港特别行政区的立法机关制定的法律须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。备案不影响该法律的生效。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会后,如认为香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律不符合本法关于中央管理的事务及中央和香港特别行政区的关系的条款,可将有关法律发回,但不作修改。经全国人民代表大会常务委员会发回的法律立即失效。该法律的失效,除香港特别行政区的法律另有规定外,无溯及力。
第十八条 在香港特别行政区实行的法律为本法以及本法第八条规定的香港原有法律和香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律。
全国性法律除列于本法附件三者外,不在香港特别行政区实施。凡列于本法附件三之法律,由香港特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会和香港特别行政区政府的意见后,可对列于本法附件三的法律作出增减,任何列入附件三的法律,限于有关国防、外交和其他按本法规定不属于香港特别行政区自治范围的法律。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定宣布战争状态或因香港特别行政区内发生香港特别行政区政府不能控制的危及国家统一或安全的动乱而决定香港特别行政区进入紧急状态,中央人民政府可发布命令将有关全国性法律在香港特别行政区实施。
第十九条 香港特别行政区享有独立的司法权和终审权。
香港特别行政区法院除继续保持香港原有法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制外,对香港特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。
香港特别行政区法院对国防、外交等国家行为无管辖权。香港特别行政区法院在审理案件中遇有涉及国防、外交等国家行为的事实问题,应取得行政长官就该等问题发出的证明文件,上述文件对法院有约束力。行政长官在发出证明文件
前,须取得中央人民政府的证明书。
第二十条 香港特别行政区可享有全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会及中央人民政府授予的其他权力。
第二十一条 香港特别行政区居民中的中国公民依法参与国家事务的管理。 根据全国人民代表大会确定的名额和代表产生办法,由香港特别行政区居民中的中国公民在香港选出香港特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表,参加最高国家权力机关的工作。
第二十二条 中央人民政府所属各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市均不得干预香港特别行政区根据本法自行管理的事务。
中央各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市如需在香港特别行政区设立机构,须征得香港特别行政区政府同意并经中央人民政府批准。
中央各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市在香港特别行政区设立的一切机构及其人员均须遵守香港特别行政区的法律。
中国其他地区的人进入香港特别行政区须办理批准手续,其中进入香港特别行政区定居的人数由中央人民政府主管部门征求香港特别行政区政府的意见后确定。
香港特别行政区可在北京设立办事机构。
第二十三条 香港特别行政区应自行立法禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆中央人民政府及窃取国家机密的行为,禁止外国的政治性组织或团体在香港特别行政区进行政治活动,禁止香港特别行政区的政治性组织或团体与外国的政治性组织或团体建立联系。
第三章 居民的基本权利和义务
第二十四条 香港特别行政区居民,简称香港居民,包括永久居民和非永久性居民。
香港特别行政区永久性居民为:
(一)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后在香港出生的中国公民;
(二)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后在香港通常居住连续七年以上的中国公民;
(三)第(一)、(二)两项所列居民在香港以外所生的中国籍子女;
(四)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后持有效旅行证件进入香港、在香港通常居住连续七年以上并以香港为永久居住地的非中国籍的人;
(五)在香港特别行政区成立以前或以后第(四)项所列居民在香港所生的未满二十一周岁的子女;
(六)第(一)至(五)项所列居民以外在香港特别行政区成立以前只在香港有居留权的人。
以上居民在香港特别行政区享有居留权和有资格依照香港特别行政区法律取得载明其居留权的永久性居民身份证。
香港特别行政区非永久性居民为:有资格依照香港特别行政区法律取得香港居民身份证,但没有居留权的人。
第二十五条 香港居民在法律面前一律平等。
第二十六条 香港特别行政区永久性居民依法享有选举权和被选举权。 第二十七条 香港居民享有言论、新闻、出版的自由,结社、集会、游行、示威的自由,组织和参加工会、罢工的权利和自由。
第二十八条 香港居民的人身自由不受侵犯。
香港居民不受任意或非法逮捕、拘留、监禁。禁止任意或非法搜查居民的身体、剥夺或限制居民的人身自由。禁止对居民施行酷刑、任意或非法剥夺居民的生命。
第二十九条 香港居民的住宅和其他房屋不受侵犯。禁止任意或非法搜查、侵入居民的住宅和其他房屋。
第三十条 香港居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密受法律的保护。除因公共安全和追查刑事犯罪的需要,由有关机关依照法律程序对通讯进行检查外,任何部门或个人不得以任何理由侵犯居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密。
第三十一条 香港居民有在香港特别行政区境内迁徙的自由,有移居其他国家和地区的自由。香港居民有旅行和出入境的自由。有效旅行证件的持有人,除非受到法律制止,可自由离开香港特别行政区,无需特别批准。
第三十二条 香港居民有信仰的自由。
香港居民有宗教信仰的自由,有公开传教和举行、参加宗教活动的自由。 第三十三条 香港居民有选择职业的自由。
第三十四条 香港居民有进行学术研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动的自由。
第三十五条 香港居民有权得到秘密法律咨询、向法院提起诉讼、选择律师及时保护自己的合法权益或在法庭上为其代理和获得司法补救。
香港居民有权对行政部门和行政人员的行为向法院提起诉讼。
第三十六条 香港居民有依法享受社会福利的权利。劳工的福利待遇和退休保障受法律保护。
第三十七条 香港居民的婚姻自由和自愿生育的权利受法律保护。
第三十八条 香港居民享有香港特别行政区法律保障的其他权利和自由。 第三十九条 《公民权利和政治权力国际公约》、《经济、社会与文化权利的国际公约》和国际劳工公约适用于香港的有关规定继续有效,通过香港特别行政区的法律予以实施。
香港居民享有的权利和自由,除依法规定外不得限制,此种限制不得与本条
第一款规定抵触。
第四十条 “新界”原居民的合法传统权益受香港特别行政区的保护。 第四十一条 在香港特别行政区境内的香港居民以外的其他人,依法享有本
章规定的香港居民的权利和自由。
第四十二条 香港居民和在香港的其他人有遵守香港特别行政区实行的法律的义务。
第四章 政治体制
第一节 行政长官
第四十三条 香港特别行政区行政长官是香港特别行政区的首长,代表香港特别行政区。
香港特别行政区行政长官依照本法的规定对中央人民政府和香港特别行政区负责。
第四十四条 香港特别行政区行政长官由年满四十周岁,在香港通常居住连续满二十年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。 第四十五条 香港特别行政区行政长官在当地通过选举或协商产生,由中央人民政府任命。
行政长官的产生办法根据香港特别行政区的实际情况和循序渐进的原则而规定,最终达至由一个有广泛代表性的提名委员会按民主程序提名后普选产生的目标。
行政长官产生的具体办法由附件一《香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》规定。
第四十六条 香港特别行政区行政长官任期五年,可连任一次。 第四十七条 香港特别行政区行政长官必须廉洁奉公、尽忠职守。
行政长官就任时应向香港特别行政区终审法院首席法官申报财产,记录在案。
第四十八条 香港特别行政区行政长官行使下列职权:
(一)领导香港特别行政区政府;
(二)负责执行本法和依照本法适用于香港特别行政区的其他法律;
(三)签署立法会通过的法案,公布法律;
签署立法会通过的财政预算案,将财政预算、决算报中央人民政府备案;
(四)决定政府政策和发布行政命令;
(五)提名并报请中央人民政府任命下列主要官员:各司司长、副司长,各局局长,廉政专员,审计署署长,警务处处长,入境事务处处长,海关关长;建议中央人民政府免除上述官员职务;
(六)依照法定程序任免各级法院法官;
(七)依照法定程序任免公职人员;
(八)执行中央人民政府就本法规定的有关事务发出的指令;
(九)代表香港特别行政区政府处理中央授权的对外事务和其他事务;
(十)批准向立法会提出有关财政收入或支出的动议;
(十一)根据安全和重大公共利益的考虑,决定政府官员或其他负责政府公务的人员是否向立法会或其属下的委员会作证和提供证据;
(十二)赦免或减轻刑事罪犯的刑罚;
(十三)处理请愿,申诉事项。
第四十九条 香港特别行政区行政长官如认为立法会通过的法案不符合香港特别行政区的整体利益,可在三个月内将法案发回立法会重议,立法会如以不少于全体议员三分之二多数再次通过原案,行政长官必须在一个月内签署公布或按本法第五十条的规定处理。
第五十条 香港特别行政区行政长官如拒绝签署立法会再次通过的法案或立法会拒绝通过政府提出的财政预算案或其他重要法案,经协商仍不能取得一致意见,行政长官可解散立法会。
行政长官在解散立法会前,须征询行政会议的意见。行政长官在其一任任期
内只能解散立法会一次。
第五十一条 香港特别行政区立法会如拒绝批准政府提出的财政预算案,行政长官可向立法会申请临时拨款。如果由于立法会已被解散而不能批准拨款,行政长官可在选出新的立法会前的一段时期内,按上一财政年度的开支标准,批准临时短期拨款。
第五十二条 香港特别行政区行政长官如有下列情况之一者必须辞职:
(一)因严重疾病或其他原因无力履行职务;
(二)因两次拒绝签署立法会通过的法案而解散立法会,重选的立法会仍以全体议员三分之二多数通过所争议的原案,而行政长官仍拒绝签署;
(三)因立法会拒绝通过财政预算案或其他重要法案而解散立法会,重选的立法会继续拒绝通过所争议的原案。
第五十三条 香港特别行政区行政长官短期不能履行职务时,由政务司长、财政司长、律政司长依次临时代理其职务。
行政长官缺位时,应在六个月内依本法第四十五条的规定产生新的行政长官。行政长官缺位期间的职务代理,依照上款规定办理。
第五十四条 香港特别行政区行政会议是协助行政长官决策的机构。
第五十五条 香港特别行政区行政会议的成员由行政长官从行政机关的主要官员、立法会议员和社会人士中委任,其任免由行政长官决定。行政会议成员的任期应不超过委任他的行政长官的任期。
香港特别行政区行政会议成员由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
行政长官认为必要时可邀请有关人士列席会议。
第五十六条 香港特别行政区行政会议由行政长官主持。
行政长官在作出重要决策、向立法会提交法案、制定附属法规和解散立法会前,须征询行政会议的意见,但人事任免、纪律制裁和紧急情况下采取的措施除
外。
行政长官如不采纳行政会议多数成员的意见,应将具体理由记录在案。 第五十七条 香港特别行政区设立廉政公署,独立工作,对行政长官负责。 第五十八条 香港特别行政区设立审计署,独立工作,对行政长官负责。
第二节 行政机关
第五十九条 香港特别行政区政府是香港特别行政区行政机关。 第六十条 香港特别行政区政府的首长是香港特别行政区行政长官。 香港特别行政区政府设政务司、财政司、律政司和各局、处、署。
第六十一条 香港特别行政区的主要官员由在香港通常居住连续满十五年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。 第六十二条 香港特别行政区政府行使下列职权:
(一)制定并执行政策;
(二)管理各项行政事务;
(三)办理本法规定的中央人民政府授权的对外事务;
(四)编制并提出财政预算、决算;
(五)拟定并提出法案、议案、附属法规;
(六)委派官员列席立法会并代表政府发言。
第六十三条 香港特别行政区律政司主管刑事检察工作,不受任何干涉。 第六十四条 香港特别行政区政府必须遵守法律,对香港特别行政区立法会负责:执行立法会通过并已生效的法律;定期向立法会作施政报告;答复立法会议员的质询;征税和公共开支须经立法会批准。
第六十五条 原由行政机关设立咨询组织的制度继续保留。
第三节 立法机关
第六十六条 香港特别行政区立法会是香港特别行政区的立法机关。
第六十七条 香港特别行政区立法会由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民组成。但非中国籍的香港特别行政区永久性居民和在外国有居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民也可以当选为香港特别行政区立法会议员,其所占比例不得超过立法会全体议员的百分之二十。
第六十八条 香港特别行政区立法会由选举产生。
立法会的产生办法根据香港特别行政区的实际情况和循序渐进的原则而规定,最终达至全部议员由普选产生的目标。
立法会产生的具体办法和法案、议案的表决程序由附件二《香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序》规定。
第六十九条 香港特别行政区立法会除第一届任期为两年外,每届任期四年。
第七十条 香港特别行政区立法会如经行政长官依本法规定解散,须于三个月内依本法第六十八条的规定,重行选举产生。
第七十一条 香港特别行政区立法会主席由立法会议员互选产生。
香港特别行政区立法会主席由年满四十周岁,在香港通常居住连续满二十年并在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。 第七十二条 香港特别行政区立法会主席行使下列职权:
(一)主持会议;
(二)决定议程,政府提出的议案须优先列入议程;
(三)决定开会时间;
(四)在休会期间可召开特别会议;
(五)应行政长官的要求召开紧急会议;
(六)立法会议事规则所规定的其他职权。
第七十三条 香港特别行政区立法会行使下列职权:
(一)根据本法规定并依照法定程序制定、修改和废除法律;
(二)根据政府的提案,审核、通过财政预算;
(三)批准税收和公共开支;
(四)听取行政长官的施政报告并进行辩论;
(五)对政府的工作提出质询;
(六)就任何有关公共利益问题进行辩论;
(七)同意终审法院法官和高等法院首席法官的任免;
(八)接受香港居民申诉并作出处理;
(九)如立法会全体议员的四分之一联合动议,指控行政长官有严重违法或渎职行为而不辞职,经立法会通过进行调查,立法会可委托终审法院首席法官负责组成独立的调查委员会,并担任主席。调查委员会负责进行调查,并向立法会提出报告。如该调查委员会认为有足够证据构成上述指控,立法会以全体议员三分之二多数通过,可提出弹劾案,报请中央人民政府决定。
(十)在行使上述各项职权时,如有需要,可传召有关人士出席作证和提供证据。
第七十四条 香港特别行政区立法会议员根据本法规定并依照法定程序提出法律草案,凡不涉及公共开支或政治体制或政府运作者,可由立法会议员个别或联名提出。凡涉及政府政策者,在提出前必须得到行政长官的书面同意。 第七十五条 香港特别行政区立法会举行会议的法定人数为不少于全体议员的二分之一。
立法会议事规则由立法会自行制定,但不得与本法相抵触。
第七十六条 香港特别行政区立法会通过的法案,须经行政长官签署、公布,方能生效。
第七十七条 香港特别行政区立法会议员在立法会的会议上发言,不受法律追究。
第七十八条 香港特别行政区立法会议员在出席会议时和赴会途中不受逮捕。
第七十九条 香港特别行政区立法会议员如有下列情况之一,由立法会主席宣告其丧失立法会议员的资格:
(一)因严重疾病或其他情况无力履行职务;
(二)未得到立法会主席的同意,连续三个月不出席会议而无合理解释者;
(三)丧失或放弃香港特别行政区永久性居民的身份;
(四)接受政府的委任而出任公务人员;
(五)破产或经法庭裁定偿还债务而不履行;
(六)在香港特别行政区区内或区外被判犯有刑事罪行,判处监禁一个月以上,并经立法会出席会议的议员三分之二通过解除其职务;
(七)行为不检或违反誓言而经立法会出席会议的议员三分之二通过谴责。
第四节 司法机关
第八十条 香港特别行政区各级法院是香港特别行政区的司法机关,行使香港特别行政区的审判权。
第八十一条 香港特别行政区设立终审法院、高等法院、区域法院、裁判署法庭和其他专门法庭。高等法院设上诉法庭和原讼法庭。
原在香港实行的司法体制,除因设立香港特别行政区终审法院而产生变化外,予以保留。
第八十二条 香港特别行政区的终审权属于香港特别行政区终审法院。终审法院可根据需要邀请其他普通法适用地区的法官参加审判。
第八十三条 香港特别行政区各级法院的组织和职权由法律规定。
第八十四条 香港特别行政区法院依照本法第十八条所规定的适用于香港特别行政区的法律审判案件,其他普通法适用地区的司法判例可作参考。
第八十五条 香港特别行政区法院独立进行审判,不受任何干涉,司法人员履行审判职责的行为不受法律追究。
第八十六条 原在香港实行的陪审制度的原则予以保留。
第八十七条 香港特别行政区的刑事诉讼和民事诉讼中保留原在香港适用的原则和当事人享有的权利。
任何人在被合法拘捕后,享有尽早接受司法机关公正审判的权利,未经司法机关判罪之前均假定无罪。
第八十八条 香港特别行政区法院的法官,根据当地法官和法律界及其他方面知名人士组成的独立委员会推荐,由行政长官任命。
第八十九条 香港特别行政区法院的法官只有在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下,行政长官才可根据终审法院首席法官任命的不少于三名当地法官组成的审议庭的建议,予以免职。
香港特别行政区终审法院的首席法官只有在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下,行政长官才可任命不少于五名当地法官组成的审议庭进行审议,并可根据其建议,依照本法规定的程序,予以免职。
第九十条 香港特别行政区终审法院和高等法院的首席法官,应由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
除本法第八十八条和第八十九条规定的程序外,香港特别行政区终审法院的法官和高等法院首席法官的任命或免职,还须由行政长官征得立法会同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
第九十一条 香港特别行政区法官以外的其他司法人员原有的任免制度继续保持。
第九十二条 香港特别行政区的法官和其他司法人员,应根据其本人的司法和专业才能选用,并可从其他普通法适用地区聘用。
第九十三条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港任职的法官和其他司法人员均
可留用,其年资予以保留,薪金、津贴、福利待遇和服务条件不低于原来的标准。 对退休或符合规定离职的法官和其他司法人员,包括香港特别行政区成立前已退休或离职者,不论其所属国籍或居住地点,香港特别行政区政府按不低于原来的标准,向他们或其家属支付应得的退休金、酬金、津贴和福利费。
第九十四条 香港特别行政区政府可参照原在香港实行的办法,作出有关当地和外来的律师在香港特别行政区工作和执业的规定。
第九十五条 香港特别行政区可与全国其他地区的司法机关通过协商依法进行司法方面的联系和相互提供协助。
第九十六条 在中央人民政府协助或授权下,香港特别行政区政府可与外国就司法互助关系作出适当安排。
第五节 区域组织
第九十七条 香港特别行政区可设立非政权性的区域组织,接受香港特别行政区政府就有关地区管理和其他事务的咨询,或负责提供文化、康乐、环境卫生等服务。
第九十八条 区域组织的职权和组成方法由法律规定。
第六节 公务人员
第九十九条 在香港特别行政区政府各部门任职的公务人员必须是香港特别行政区永久性居民。本法第一百零一条对外籍公务人员另有规定者或法律规定某一职级以下者不在此限。
公务人员必须尽忠职守,对香港特别行政区政府负责。
第一百条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港政府各部门,包括警察部门任职的公务人员均可留用,其年资予以保留,薪金、津贴、福利待遇和服务条件不低于原来的标准。
第一百零一条 香港特别行政区政府可任用原香港公务人员中的或持有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份证的英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的各级公务人员,但下列各职级的官员必须由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任:各司司长、副司长,各局局长,廉政专员,审计署署长,警务处处长,入境事务处处长,海关关长。
香港特别行政区政府还可聘请英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的顾问,必要时并可从香港特别行政区以外聘请合格人员担任政府部门的专门和技术职务。上述外籍人士只能以个人身份受聘,对香港特别行政区政府负责。
第一百零二条 对退休或符合规定离职的公务人员,包括香港特别行政区成立前退休或符合规定离职的公务人员,不论其所属国籍或居住地点,香港特别行政区政府按不低于原来的标准向他们或其家属支付应得的退休金、酬金、津贴和福利费。
第一百零三条 公务人员应根据其本人的资格、经验和才能予以任用和提升,香港原有关于公务人员的招聘、雇用、考核、纪律、培训和管理的制度,包括负责公务人员的任用、薪金、服务条件的专门机构,除有关给予外籍人员特权待遇的规定外,予以保留。
第一百零四条 香港特别行政区行政长官、主要官员、行政会议成员、立法会议员、各级法院法官和其他司法人员在就职时必须依法宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。
第五章 经济
第一节 财政、金融、贸易和工商业
第一百零五条 香港特别行政区依法保护私人和法人财产的取得、使用、处置和继承的权利,以及依法征用私人和法人财产时被征用财产的所有人得到补偿
的权利。
征用财产的补偿应相当于该财产当时的实际价值,可自由兑换,不得无故迟延支付。
企业所有权和外来投资均受法律保护。
第一百零六条 香港特别行政区保持财政独立。
香港特别行政区的财政收入全部用于自身需要,不上缴中央人民政府。 中央人民政府不在香港特别行政区征税。
第一百零七条 香港特别行政区的财政预算以量入为出为原则,力求收支平衡,避免赤字,并与本地生产总值的增长率相适应。
第一百零八条 香港特别行政区实行独立的税收制度。
香港特别行政区参照原在香港实行的低税政策,自行立法规定税种、税率、税收宽免和其他税务事项。
第一百零九条 香港特别行政区政府提供适当的经济和法律环境,以保持香港的国际金融中心地位。
第一百一十条 香港特别行政区的货币金融制度由法律规定。
香港特别行政区政府自行制定货币金融政策,保障金融企业和金融市场的经营自由,并依法进行管理和监督。
第一百一十一条 港元为香港特别行政区法定货币,继续流通。
港币的发行权属于香港特别行政区政府。港币的发行须有百分之百的准备金。港币的发行制度和准备金制度,由法律规定。
香港特别行政区政府,在确知港币的发行基础健全和发行安排符合保持港币稳定的目的的条件下,可授权指定银行根据法定权限发行或继续发行港币。 第一百一十二条 香港特别行政区不实行外汇管制政策。港币自由兑换。继续开放外汇、黄金、证券、期货等市场。
香港特别行政区政府保障资金的流动和进出自由。
第一百一十三条 香港特别行政区的外汇基金,由香港特别行政区政府管理和支配,主要用于调节港元汇价。
第一百一十四条 香港特别行政区保持自由港地位,除法律另有规定外,不征收关税。
第一百一十五条 香港特别行政区实行自由贸易政策,保障货物、无形财产和资本的流动自由。
第一百一十六条 香港特别行政区为单独的关税地区。
香港特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义参加《关税和贸易总协定》、关于国际纺织品贸易安排等有关国际组织和国际贸易协定,包括优惠贸易安排。 香港特别行政区所取得的和以前取得仍继续有效的出口配额、关税优惠和达成的其他类似安排,全由香港特别行政区享有。
第一百一十七条 香港特别行政区根据当时的产地规则,可对产品签发产地来源证。
第一百一十八条 香港特别行政区政府提供经济和法律环境,鼓励各项投资、技术进步并开发新兴产业。
第一百一十九条 香港特别行政区政府制定适当政策,促进和协调制造业、商业、旅游业、房地产业、运输业、公用事业、服务性行业、渔农业等各行业的发展,并注意环境保护。
第二节 土地契约
第一百二十条 香港特别行政区成立以前已批出、决定、或续期的超越一九九七年六月三十日年期的所有土地契约和与土地契约有关的一切权利,均按香港特别行政区的法律继续予以承认和保护。
第一百二十一条 从一九八五年五月二十七日至一九九七年六月三十日期间批出的,或原没有续期权利而获得续期的,超出一九九七年六月三十日年期
而不超过二零四七年六月三十日的一切土地契约,承租人从一九九七年七月一日起不补地价,但需每年缴纳相当于当日该土地应课差饷租值百分之三的租金。此后,随应课差饷租值的改变而调整租金。
第一百二十二条 原旧批约地段、乡村屋地、丁屋地和类似的农村土地,如该土地在一九八四年六月三十日的承租人,或在该日以后批出的丁屋地承租人,其父系为一八九八年在香港的原有乡村居民,只要该土地的承租人仍为该人或其合法父系继承人,原定租金维持不变。
第一百二十三条 香港特别行政区成立以后满期而没有续期权利的土地契约,由香港特别行政区自行制定法律和政策处理。
第三节 航 运
第一百二十四条 香港特别行政区保持原在香港实行的航运经营和管理体制,包括有关海员的管理制度。
香港特别行政区政府自行规定在航运方面的具体职能和责任。
第一百二十五条 香港特别行政区经中央人民政府授权继续进行船舶登记,并根据香港特别行政区的法律以“中国香港”的名义颁发有关证件。
第一百二十六条 除外国军用船只进入香港特别行政区须经中央人民政府特别许可外,其他船舶可根据香港特别行政区法律进出其港口。
第一百二十七条 香港特别行政区的私营航运及与航运有关的企业和私营集装箱码头,可继续自由经营。
第四节 民用航空
第一百二十八条 香港特别行政区政府应提供条件和采取措施,以保持香港的国际和区域航空中心的地位。
第一百二十九条 香港特别行政区继续实行原在香港实行的民用航空管理
制度,并按中央人民政府关于飞机国籍标志和登记标志的规定,设置自己的飞机登记册。
外国国家航空器进入香港特别行政区须经中央人民政府特别许可。
第一百三十条 香港特别行政区自行负责民用航空的日常业务和技术管理,包括机场管理,在香港特别行政区飞行情报区内提供空中交通服务,和履行国际民用航空组织的区域性航行规划程序所规定的其他职责。
第一百三十一条 中央人民政府经同香港特别行政区政府磋商作出安排,为在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司和中华人民共和国的其他航空公司,提供香港特别行政区和中华人民共和国其他地区之间的往返航班。
第一百三十二条 凡涉及中华人民共和国其他地区同其他国家和地区的往返并经停香港特别行政区的航班,和涉及香港特别行政区同其他国家和地区的往返并经停中华人民共和国其他地区航班的民用航空运输协定,由中央人民政府签订。
中央人民政府在签订本条第一款所指民用航空运输协定时,应考虑香港特别行政区的特殊情况和经济利益,并同香港特别行政区政府磋商。
中央人民政府在同外国政府商谈有关本条第一款所指航班的安排时,香港特别行政区政府的代表可作为中华人民共和国政府代表团的成员参加。
第一百三十三条 香港特别行政区政府经中央人民政府具体授权可:
(一)续签或修改原有的民用航空运输协定和协议;
(二)谈判签订新的民用航空运输协定,为在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司提供航线,以及过境和技术停降权利;
(三)同没有签订民用航空运输协定的外国或地区谈判签订临时协议。 不涉及往返、经停中国内地而只往返、经停香港的定期航班,均由本条所指的民用航空运输协定或临时协议予以规定。
第一百三十四条 中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区政府:
(一)同其他当局商谈并签订有关执行本法第一百三十三条所指民用航空运输协定和临时协议的各项安排;
(二)对在香港特别行政区注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司签发执照;
(三)依照本法第一百三十三条所指民用航空运输协定和临时协议指定航空公司;
(四)对外国航空公司除往返、经停中国内地的航班以外的其他航班签发许可证。
第一百三十五条 香港特别行政区成立前在香港注册并以香港为主要营业地的航空公司和与民用航空有关的行业,可继续经营。
第六章 教育、科学、文化、体育、宗教、劳工和社会服务
第一百三十六条 香港特别行政区政府在原有教育制度的基础上,自行制定有关教育的发展和改进的政策,包括教育体制和管理、教学语言、经费分配、考试制度、学位制度和承认学历等政策。
社会团体和私人可依法在香港特别行政区兴办各种教育事业。
第一百三十七条 各类院校均可保留其自主性并享有学术自由,可继续从香港特别行政区以外招聘教职员和选用教材。宗教组织所办的学校可继续提供宗教教育,包括开设宗教课程。
学生享有选择院校和在香港特别行政区以外求学的自由。
第一百三十八条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定发展中西医药和促进医疗卫生服务的政策。社会团体和私人可依法提供各种医疗卫生服务。
第一百三十九条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定科学技术政策,以法律保护科学技术的研究成果、专利和发明创造。
香港特别行政区政府自行确定适用于香港的各类科学、技术标准和规格。
第一百四十条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定文化政策,以法律保护作者在文学艺术创作中所获得的成果和合法权益。
第一百四十一条 香港特别行政区政府不限制宗教信仰自由,不干预宗教组织的内部事务,不限制与香港特别行政区法律没有抵触的宗教活动。
宗教组织依法享有财产的取得、使用、处置、继承以及接受资助的权利。财产方面的原有权益仍予保持和保护。 宗教组织可按原有办法继续兴办宗教院校、其他学校、医院和福利机构以及提供其他社会服务。
香港特别行政区的宗教组织和教徒可与其他地方的宗教组织和教徒保持和发展关系。
第一百四十二条 香港特别行政区政府在保留原有的专业制度的基础上,自行制定有关评审各种专业的执业资格的办法。
在香港特别行政区成立前已取得专业和执业资格者,可依据有关规定和专业守则保留原有的资格。
香港特别行政区政府继续承认在特别行政区成立前已承认的专业和专业团体,所承认的专业团体可自行审核和颁授专业资格。
香港特别行政区政府可根据社会发展需要并咨询有关方面的意见,承认新的专业和专业团体。
第一百四十三条 香港特别行政区政府自行制定体育政策。民间体育团体可依法继续存在和发展。
第一百四十四条 香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。
第一百四十五条 香港特别行政区政府在原有社会福利制度的基础上,根据经济条件和社会需要,自行制定其发展、改进的政策。
第一百四十六条 香港特别行政区从事社会服务的志愿团体在不抵触法律
的情况下可自行决定其服务方式。
第一百四十七条 香港特别行政区自行制定有关劳工的法律和政策。
第一百四十八条 香港特别行政区的教育、科学、技术、文化、艺术、体育、专业、医疗卫生、劳工、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体和宗教组织同内地相应的团体和组织的关系,应以互不隶属、互不干涉和互相尊重的原则为基础。 第一百四十九条 香港特别行政区的教育、科学、技术、文化、艺术、体育、专业、医疗卫生、劳工、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体和宗教组织可同世界各国、各地区及国际的有关团体和组织保持和发展关系,各该团体和组织可根据需要冠用“中国香港”的名义,参与有关活动。
第七章 对外事务
第一百五十条 香港特别行政区政府的代表,可作为中华人民共和国政府代表团的成员,参加由中央人民政府进行的同香港特别行政区直接有关的外交谈判。
第一百五十一条 香港特别行政区可在经济、贸易、金融、航运、通讯、旅游、文化、体育等领域以“中国香港”的名义,单独地同世界各国、各地区及有关国际组织保持和发展关系,签订和履行有关协议。
第一百五十二条 对以国家为单位参加的、同香港特别行政区有关的、适当领域的国际组织和国际会议,香港特别行政区政府可派遣代表作为中华人民共和国代表团的成员或以中央人民政府和上述有关国际组织或国际会议允许的身份参加,并以“中国香港”的名义发表意见。
香港特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义参加不以国家为单位参加的国际组织和国际会议。
对中华人民共和国已参加而香港也以某种形式参加了的国际组织,中央人民政府将采取必要措施使香港特别行政区以适当形式继续保持在这些组织中的地
位。
对中华人民共和国尚未参加而香港已以某种形式参加的国际组织,中央人民政府将根据需要使香港特别行政区以适当形式继续参加这些组织。
第一百五十三条 中华人民共和国缔结的国际协议,中央人民政府可根据香港特别行政区的情况和需要,在征询香港特别行政区政府的意见后,决定是否适用于香港特别行政区。
中华人民共和国尚未参加但已适用于香港的国际协议仍可继续适用。中央人民政府根据需要授权或协助香港特别行政区政府作出适当安排,使其他有关国际协议适用于香港特别行政区。
第一百五十四条 中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区政府依照法律给持有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份证的中国公民签发中华人民共和国香港特别行政区护照,给在香港特别行政区的其他合法居留者签发中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的其他旅行证件。上述护照和证件,前往各国和各地区有效,并载明持有人有返回香港特别行政区的权利。
对世界各国或各地区的人入境、逗留和离境,香港特别行政区政府可实行出入境管制。
第一百五十五条 中央人民政府协助或授权香港特别行政区政府与各国或各地区缔结互免签证协议。
第一百五十六条 香港特别行政区可根据需要在外国设立官方或半官方的经济和贸易机构,报中央人民政府备案。
第一百五十七条 外国在香港特别行政区设立领事机构或其他官方、半官方机构,须经中央人民政府批准。
已同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在香港设立的领事机构和其他官方机构,可予保留。
尚未同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在香港设立的领事机构和
其他官方机构,可根据情况允许保留或改为半官方机构。
尚未为中华人民共和国承认的国家,只能在香港特别行政区设立民间机构。
第八章 本法的解释和修改
第一百五十八条 本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会授权香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法关于香港特别行政区自治范围内的条款自行解释。
香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法的其他条款也可解释。但如香港特别行政区法院在审理案件时需要对本法关于中央人民政府管理的事务或中央和香港特别行政区关系的条款进行解释,而该条款的解释又影响到案件的判决,在对该案件作出不可上诉的终局判决前,应由香港特别行政区终审法院请全国人民代表大会常务委员会对有关条款作出解释。如全国人民代表大会常务委员会作出解释,香港特别行政区法院在引用该条款时,应以全国人民代表大会常务委员会的解释为准。但在此以前作出的判决不受影响。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在对本法进行解释前,征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会的意见。
第一百五十九条 本法的修改权属于全国人民代表大会。
本法的修改提案权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国务院和香港特别行政区。香港特别行政区的修改议案,须经香港特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表三分之二多数、香港特别行政区立法会全体议员三分之二多数和香港特别行政区行政长官同意后,交由香港特别行政区出席全国人民代表大会的代表团向全国人民代表大会提出。
本法的修改议案在列入全国人民代表大会的议程前,先由香港特别行政区基本法委员会研究并提出意见。
本法的任何修改,均不得同中华人民共和国对香港既定的基本方针政策相抵触。
第九章 附 则
第一百六十条 香港特别行政区成立时,香港原有法律除由全国人民代表大会常务委员会宣布为同本法抵触者外,采用为香港特别行政区法律,如以后发现有的法律与本法抵触,可依照本法规定的程序修改或停止生效。
在香港原有法律下有效的文件、证件、契约和权利义务,在不抵触本法的前提下继续有效,受香港特别行政区的承认和保护。
附件一:香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法
一、行政长官由一个具有广泛代表性的选举委员会根据本法选出,由中央人民政府任命。
二、选举委员会委员共800人,由下列各界人士组成:
工商、金融界 200人
专业界 200人
劳工、社会服务、宗教等界 200人
立法会议员、区域性组织代表、香港地区全国人大代表、香港地区全国政协委员的代表 200人
选举委员会每届任期五年。
三、各个界别的划分,以及每个界别中何种组织可以产生选举委员的名额,由香港特别行政区根据民主、开放的原则制定选举法加以规定。
各界别法定团体根据选举法规定的分配名额和选举办法自行选出选举委员会委员。 选举委员以个人身份投票。
四、不少于一百名的选举委员可联合提名行政长官候选人。每名委员只可提出一名候选人。
五、选举委员会根据提名的名单,经一人一票无记名投票选出行政长官候任人。具体选举办法由选举法规定。
六、第一任行政长官按照《全国人民代表大会关于香港特别行政区第一届政府和立法会产生办法的决定》产生。
七、二00七年以后各任行政长官的产生办法如需修改,须经立法会全体议员三分之二多数通过,行政长官同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准。
附件二:香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序
一、立法会的产生办法
(一)香港特别行政区立法会议员每届60人,第一届立法会按照《全国人民代表大会关于香港特别行政区第一届政府和立法会产生办法的决定》产生。第二届、第三届立法会的组成如下:
第二届
功能团体选举的议员 30人
选举委员会选举的议员 6人
分区直接选举的议员 24人
第三届
功能团体选举的议员 30人
分区直接选举的议员 30人
(二)除第一届立法会外,上述选举委员会即本法附件一规定的选举委员会。上述分区直接选举的选区划分、投票办法,各个功能界别和法定团体的划分、议员名额的分配、选举办法及选举委员会选举议员的办法,由香港特别行政区政府提出并经立法会通过的选举法加以规定。
二、立法会对法案、议案的表决程序
除本法另有规定外,香港特别行政区立法会对法案和议案的表决采取下列程序: 政府提出的法案,如获得出席会议的全体议员的过半数票,即为通过。
立法会议员个人提出的议案、法案和对政府法案的修正案均须分别经功能团体选举产生的议员和分区直接选举、选举委员会选举产生的议员两部分出席会议议员各过半数通过。
三、二00七年以后立法会的产生办法和表决程序
二00七年以后香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和法案、议案的表决程序,如需对本附件的规定进行修改,须经立法会全体议员三分之二多数通过,行政长官同意,并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
附件三:在香港特别行政区实施的全国性法律
下列全国性法律,自一九九七年七月一日起由香港特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。
一、《关于中华人民共和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》
二、《关于中华人民共和国国庆日的决议》
三、《中央人民政府公布中华人民共和国国徽的命令》附:国徽图案、说明、使用办法
四、《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》
五、《中华人民共和国国籍法》
六、《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》
范文二:013香港特别行政区基本法
(199年4月04第七届日国人全代民表大第会次会议三过)
通 中人民华共国主席令和第 二十六号
《 中华民人共国香和特别行港区基政法本》,括附件一:包香《特别行港政区政行长官的产生办法》附件二:,香《特别港政区行立会的法产办生法表决和程序,》附三:件在《香特别港行区政施实的国性全法律,以及香港》别行政区特旗区、区图案,已由徽中人民华共国和第七届国人全代民表大会第三次会议1于9904月4日通过年现,予布,自1公99年071日月实施。起 中
华人民和国共主席杨 昆
尚 19 904月年日4
港特香别政行区区目旗 录
序 言
一第章 总则
二第 中央章和港特别行香政区的系关
三第章 居民的基权利和本义
务 第 章 四治体政制
一节第行 长官
政第 节 行政机关二
第三 节法机立关
四第 司节法机关
第 节 区五组域织
六节 第务公员人
五第章 经 济
第一节 政、金财、贸易和工商融业
第二 节 地土契
约 三节 航 运
第 第四 民用航节空
第六 章育、教科、学化文、体、宗教育、工和社会劳服
务第 章 对外事务
七 第 八 章本的法解和修改释
第九 章 则附
附件 一港香特行别区政行长政官产的生法
办 附 件二香 特港行别政区法立会产的生办和表法程决序
附件三 在香 特别行政港实区的全施性国律法
[辑编段本]序
香港自言古以来是中就国领土的一八四,零年片鸦争战以被后英占国。一九领四八十年月十九二日中,英两政府国署了签于香关问题的联合港声,确明中认华民人共国和府政一九于九年七月七日一复对恢香港行使主,权而实从现了期长以中国来人民收香回港的同共望愿
。 了维为国护的家统和领一土整,完保持港的繁香荣和稳,并定虑考到香港历的和史实现情,况国决定家,在香对恢复港使主权时,根据中行华民人共国和宪法第十三条的一规定,立设港香别行特区,政按照"一个国家并,两种制度"方的针不,香在港实行会主义社的度制政策。国家对香港的基和本方针政策已,中由国政府在英中联声明合予以阐明中。
据中华根民共和国宪人,全法国人民代表会特大定制中人民共和华香国特港别行政基本区,法规香定港别特政行区实的行度,以保制国家障香港的基本对针政方的实策施。
编[辑本]第段章 总一则
一第 香港特条别政区是中行人民华共国不和分可的离分部。
第二条全 人国代民大表会权授港香别特政区行依照法本规的定实行高
度自治享,有行管理权政立、权法、立独司法的权终和审权
第三。 条港香别特政区的行政行机和关法机关由香港立永性久民依照本居法关规定组有成
。 第 条 香港四别特政行依区保障香法特别行港政居区和其民人的他权和自利由
。 第五 条香特港行别区政不实社行主义制度和会策政,持保有原资本的义主制和度活生式方五,十不变。
年第六条 香特港行别区政法依保私护有产财权。
第 条七香 特别港行政境内区的土地和然自源属资国家于有所,由香港别行政特政区府负责管、理用、使发开、租出或批个人、法给或人团体用或开使发,收其全归入港特别香行政区政府支配。
八第条 港香有法律原,即通普法衡、法、平条例、附立法属和惯习法,除本同相抵法或经香触特港行政别的立区法关作出修机改外者予,保以留。
第 条九香 特港别行政的区行政关、立机法关和机法司机关除使,用中外文还,使用可文,英英也文是式正语。文
第十 条香 特港别行政区除挂中华人悬民和共国国旗国徽外,还可和用香港特使行别政区区和旗徽。区
香 特港行别区政的旗区五星花是的紫蕊花荆旗。
红 港特别香行区政区徽的,中间是五花星蕊紫荆花的,周围写"有华中人民和共国香特别行政区港和英文"香港"。
" 第十 条 根据一中人华民和共宪法第三国十条,香港一别特行政区的制度和政,策包社括、会济制经,有关度障居保的基本民权利和由的自制,行度政理管、立法和司方法的制面度,及有以政关策均,本法的规以为依定。
据 香港特行政区立别法关机制定的何任律,均不得同法本法相触抵。
[编辑本]第段章 中央二和香港特别政行的区关系
十二条第香 港特行政别是区中人民华共国的和个享一高度自有治权的地方政区域行直辖于,央人民中府。政
第三条 中十人央政民府责管理负香港特别与政区有关行外的交事务。
华中民人和共国外部交香港设立机构在理外处交事。
务 中央 民政人授权府港特香行别政依照本区自法行理有处关的外事务对。
第十四 条中央人民政负府责管香理港别特政区的防行务。
香港特别政区政行负府维持责港香特别政区行的社治安会
。 中人央民政府派香驻港别行政特负责区务防军的队不预干港特香行别政区地方的务。香港事别行政特政府区必在要,时向可中央民人政请府驻军求协助维社会治持安和救灾害。
助 驻军人员除 遵须守全国的法律性外还,遵守须香特港别政行的法区律。
驻 费用由中军央民政府人担。负
第十条五 央人中
民政府照本法第依章四的规定命香港特任行别政行区长政官行政机和的主关要员。
官 第 六条十 港特香别行政区享行政管理权,依有本照的有关法规定自行处香港特别行政理区行政的事。务
第 十七 香条特港别政行区享立有权。法
香港特 行政区的别法立关机定制的律法报须国全人代民表会常务委员大备会。案案不备影响法律该生的。效
全人民代表国大会常委员务会在征其询属所的香特别行政港基区本法委会员后,认为香如特港别政行立区法关制机定的任法律不符合何本法关中于管理央的事务及央和中香港特行别政的区关系条的,可款有关将法律回,发不作修但。改全经人国民代表会大常委务员会发的回法律即立效失。法该律的失效除,香特别港政区的行法另有律定外规,无溯力。
第及八十条在香 港特行别政实行区法的为律本以及法本法第八条定的规港原香有法和律港香特行别区政立机关法定的制律法。
全 性国律除法列本于法附三者件,外在不香港特行政区别实。施凡列于法本附三之法律,件由香特别港行政区当在地公布或法实立施
。国全民人表大代常务会员委在征会其所询的香属特港行别区基政本法员会委和香港别特政区政行的府意后,可对列于见法附本件三法的作出增减律,何任列入附三件法的律限,于关国防有、交外和他按本法其定不属规香港于别特政区行自范围治法律的
。国全民人表大代常会务员会决委宣布战定状争态因香或港别行特政内区生香发港别特政行区府政不控能制的危国及统一或家全安动乱的而定香决港特别行区政入进急状态紧,央人民政中府可布发命令将有全国性关律法香在港特别行政区实。施
第十九 香港特条别行区政有独享的司立法和终审权。权
香 港特别政区行院除继续保法持港香原有律制度和法原则对院法判审权作所的限制外对香港,别行特区政有所案的均件有审判权。
港特别香行政法区对院防、外国等交家行为国无辖管权。港特别香行区政法在审理案院件遇有涉中及防、外国交等家国行的事为实问,应取得行题长政就官等问题该出发证的文明,上述件文对法件有院约力。束政长行官在发出明文证件前,取得中须央民政府人的明证书。
第十条 香港特别行政区二可有全国人享代民表会和全国人民大表大会代常委员务会中及人民央府授予的其他政权力。
二十第条 一港特别行香政区居中的民国公中依民法与国参家务事的理。管
根 全据人国民表代大确定会的名和代额产表办法,由生港特香行别政区居民的中中公国在民香选港出
香港特别政行的全国人民区代表大会表代参加,最国高家权力关机的工。
作 第二二条 中央十人民府所属政部各门、各省、自区、治直辖市不均得预干香特港行别区政据根法本行管理自事的。务
央中各门部各、、自治省、区辖市如直在需港香别行政区设立特机构,征得香须特港行别政政区同府意经中并央民政府批准人
。 中央各 部、各省门自、治区直、辖在市香特别港政行设立的区一机切及构其人均须员遵守港特香别政区的行律。法
中国 其他区的地进人入港特香别行政须办理区批准续,手中其入香港进别行特政区定的人居由中数央民人政主府部管征门香求特别行港区政府的政意后确见定
。 香港 别行特区可政在北京立办事机设。构
第十二条 三香特别行港区应政行立自法禁任何止国、叛分国裂、煽家动乱、颠覆中叛央民政府人窃取国及家密的机为,禁行外国的止治性组织或政体团在港特香行别政区进行治活政动禁,香港特别止政区行政的性治织或团组体外与的国治性组政或织团建体联立。系
编辑本[段第三]章居 民的本权基利义务和
二第四十条香港 特别行区居政,简称民香居民港包,永久括居和非永民久性民民。
香港特别行 区永政性久居为民:
()在香港一特别政区成立以前行或后在以香港生出的国中民;公
(二在)港香特行政区成立别以前以或后在香通常港居住连续年七上的中以公民国
; (三 第(一))(二、两)项列居所民香港在以外生所的国中子女;籍
(四)在香 特别行港政成立以区前以后持或效旅有证件行入香港、进香港通在居常住连续七以上年并香以为永港久住地的非居国中籍人的;
(五)在香港 特别行区政立成前或以后以第()四项所居民在列港所生香的满未二一周十的岁女子
; ()六第一)((至五)所列项居民外在以港香别特行区成立政前以在只香有港居留的权。人 以上
民在香居特港别行政区享有留居和有资格权照依港特别行香政法律区得取明其载留权的永居性居久身民份证。
香特别港政行区永非性久居民:有为格依资照港特香别行政区法取得律香居港身份民,证但有没留居权的。
人 第 二五十条香 港民在法居面律一律前平等
。第二十 条六 香港特别行区永久政性居依法享民有选举和被权选举。权
第二 十条 七香港居享有言民论、闻新出、的版由自,社、结会集、行、示游的威由,组自和织加工会参、罢的权利工和由。自
第二十条 香八港居民人身的自由不侵犯受。 香港居民不受
任意或非法逮、拘捕留
、监。禁止任禁或意法搜非居查的民体、剥夺身限制或民的人居自由身。禁止居对施行酷行、民意任或法剥非居夺民生的命。
二第九条十香 港居民的住和宅其他屋不受侵房犯。禁任止意非法搜或查侵入居、的民宅和住他其房屋。
三第条 香十居民港通讯的由自和讯秘密通受律法的护。保因公除安全共和追刑事犯罪的需查要,由关有机关依照律程序对通法进行讯检外,查何任部门或人个得不以何理任由犯侵居的民通自由讯通和秘密。讯
三第十条一香港居民 有香港特在行政别区境迁内的徙自由有,居其移国他家和地区自的由。香港民有居行旅出和境入自的。有由效行旅件证持的人有,非除到受法律制止,自由离开可香特别港政区,行需无特批别准。
三第十条 香二港民有信仰居自由。
的 港居香有民教信仰的宗自由有公开,传教举行和参加宗教、动活自的。由
三十三条第香港居民有选择职业的自 。
由 第十三四 条港香民有进居学术行究、文研艺学术创作其和他化文活的动自。
由 三十五第 香条港居有权民得秘密到法咨律询、法院向起诉提、选讼律师择时及护自保的己合法权益在法庭或为上其理代和获得司法补救
。 香 港居民有权行对部门政行政人和的员行为法向院提起诉讼。
三第十六条香港居民有依 法受享社福利的权利。劳会工的福利遇待和休退障保法律受保护。
三十第七条香 港民的居姻自婚和自愿生由的育利权受法保律。护
三第八十条香港居民享有 港特香别行政区法保障律的他权其利和自。由
第 三九十条《 民权利和政治公力权际国公》、《约经、济社会与化文利的权际公约国和国际劳》工约公用于适港的香关规定继续有效有通,过港香别行特区政法的予律实施以。
香居港享有民权利和的由,自除依规定法不外限得,制此限种不制与本条第得款一规抵触。定
第 十四条 新界""居民原的合法传统权受香港特别益政区行的保护。
第四十 一条 在香港别行特政境区的内香居民以港的外他其人,依法有本享规章定香港的居的民利和自权由。
第十四二条香 港民居和香港的在他人其有遵守港特香别行政区实行法律的的务。义
编[本辑段第]章四政 治体制
第一 行政长官
节 第四 三条十香 特别港政区行行长政是香港官别行特区政首长,的代表香港特行政别。区
港香特别政区行行长政官依本照法规定的对央中人民府政和香特港行别政负区责
第。四十四 条港香特行政区行别长政官年由四十周岁满在,香通港居住常连满续十年二并外国在居无
留权的港特香别政区永行性久居民中中国公民担的。任
第四十五 香条特港别政区行政行官长在当通地选举过协或产生,商中央人由民府任命政。
政长行的官生产办法根据香港别行特政的区际情实和循序渐进的原况则规定,最终而达至一由个有广泛代性的提名表员会委民主按程提名序后选普生产目的标。
政长行官产生的体具办由附件一法香港特别行政区行政长《的官生产法》规定。办
第十六条四香港 特别政行行政长官任期五年,区可任连一。次
第十四条 香港七别行政区行政特官长必须廉奉洁、公尽职守。忠
行政长官 任就时向香港应特别政区行终法审院席法官申首报产财,记录案。在
第四十八 条港香别特行区政行政长行使官列下职:权
()领一导港香别特行区政政府
; ( 二)责负行执本和依照法法适用于香港本特行别政的其他区法;律
三(签署)法会立过通的案法公布,法;
律 署立签会通法过财政预算案的,将政财算、决算报中预央人政府民案备; (
四决定政)政府策和布发政命行;令
(五 )名提报并请中央人民府政任下列主命要官:员司各长司、司副,各长局局,廉长专员政审,署计长,署警务处处长,入境事务处处,长关海长关建;议央中人政府民除免上官述职员;务
(六 )依法定照程任序免各法院法官级;
()七依照法定程序免公任职人员;
( 八)行中央人执政府民就法本规的有关定事发出的指务;令
( 九)代表港香特别行区政府政处中理授央权的外事对务其和他务;事
( )批准十向立会提出有关财政收入或支出的法动议;
十一)(根安全和重据大共利公益的虑考,决定政府官员或其负他责府政公的务员人否是立法向或会其属的委下会员作和提供证据;
证 ( 十二赦)免减或刑轻罪事的犯刑;罚 (
十三)处理愿,申诉事请项
。 第 十九条 香港四特行政别行区长官政如认为法会立过通的法不案合符香特港行别政的区整体利,益可在三月个内法将案回立发会重议,立法法会如以少不全体于议员三分二之多数次再过原通案行,政长必须在一官个内月署签公或布按本法第十条的规定五处。理
第 十条五香 特别港政区行政行官如拒绝长署立法签再会通次的法案或过法立拒绝通会过府提政出的财预政算或案他其要法案重,协商经不能仍得取致一见意行,政长可解散官法会。立
政长官在解散立行法会前,征询须政行议的意会见。政行长在其一官任期内只任能散立法会解一次
。第五十一 香港特别条
行政区立法如拒绝会准批府政出提的政财预算案行,长官可政向立会法请申时拨临款如。由果于立会法被己散解而不能批准拨款行,政长可在官出选的新立会法前的段一期内时,上一按政年度财的支标开,准批准临时期短拨。款
第十二条 香五港特别行政区政行官如有下长列情之一况必须者职:辞
(一)因 严疾重或病其原因无力他履职务行;
(二) 两因次绝签拒立法署会通的过法而案解散立法会重选,立法的仍以全会议员体三之分多数二通所过议的原案,而争行政长官仍拒签署;绝
(三因立法)拒会绝通过政预算案或财其重他法要案而散解法会立重,选立的会继续拒绝通过所争议的原法。案
第十三条五香港特 别政行区行长政官短不期能行职务履,由时务政长司财、司政长律、政长依司次临时代理职其务
。 政长行缺位时,应官六在月个内本依法第十五条的规四产定新的生政长行。行政长官官缺位期间职务代理的,依上款规照办理定
。第 五十四 香港条别特行政行区政议会协助行政是长决官策的机。
构 第 五十五 条香港别特行政行区政会议成员的由行长官政行从政关的主机要官员、法会立员议和会人士中社委,任任其由免政长官行定。决政会行议成员任的应期不过超委他任行政长官的任期。的
香特港别行政区行政议会成由在员外无国留居权香港的特行政区别永久居性中的中公民担任国。
行 政官认为长必要时邀可有请人关士席列议。会
五十第条 香港六别行政区特行政议会行由长政官持主。
行政 长官在出作重决要、向立策法会提法交案、制定附法规属和散立法解前,会须询行征会议政的见意但人事,任免纪律制裁、和紧急情下况采的取施措外除
。 行政官长如不采纳政会议多行数员的成见,应将具意体由记录理在。案
第五 七十 香港特条行别区政设廉政立署,公独工立,对行作政官长责。
第五负八条 香港十别行特政区设审立署计,独立工作对,行政官负长。责
二第节 政行关机
第五九条 十港特香别政行区政是香港府别特行政行政区机。关
第六 条十香 港别特政区政行的府首是长香特港行政区别行长政。官
香港 别行特政政区设政务司、府政财司、律司和政各局处、署。、
第六十 一条 港特别香政行区主要官员由的香在通港常住连续居满五十年并在外无国留权居的香港别行特政区久性永居民的中国中公担任民
。第 六二条十香港特别行 政政区行府使列职权下:
( 一)制定执行政并;策
二)管理(各项行事务;
政
(三办理本法)规的定中人民政央府授权对外的务事
;( 四编制并)提财出预政算决、算;
()五定拟并出提法、议案案、附法属;
规 ( 六委派)官列席立员会法并代政表府发言。
六十第条三香 港别特政区行政律主管司事刑检工作察,受任何不涉。干
第六十四条香 港特行政别政府区须必守遵法,律香港特别行对区立法政负责:执会行法会通过并已立效生法的;律定向立法期作施政会报;答复告法立议员会的询;征质税公共和开支须经法立批会。准
第 十六条五 由原政机行设立咨关询组织制的度续继保。留 第三节
法机关立
第 六六十 香港条别特政行区法会是香立港别特政行区立法的机关。
六第十七条香 港特行别区政法立由会外国在居无留的权港香特行政区别久性永居中的民国中公组民成但非中。国的籍港香别特政区行久性居永和在国外居有权的香留港别行特区政久永性民居也以可当为选港香特别行区立法会政员议其,占比例所不超得立法过全会议员体百的分二十之。
第十八条 香六港别行特政立法区会选举由生产。
立会的法产办生根据香法港特别行政区实际的情和况序循进渐原则而的规,最终达至全部议定由普员选产的生标目。
立 会产生的具法体法和法办案议、的案表程序决附由二《件港特香行别政立区法的会产办法生表和程决序规》定。
第 十六九 条港特别香行政区立法除第一会任届为期年外两,届每期任四年
。七十条 香港特第行政区立别法会经如行政长依官法本定规散解,于三个须月依本内第法十六八的规条定,重行选产举。生
第 十七条 香一港特行政区别立会法席由主法立议会互选产员生。
香港 别特政行立区会法席主年满四十由岁周在,港通常香居连续住满十年并二外国在无居留的香权特别港政行永久区居性中的民国公中民担任
。第七十二 条 港香特行政别立区法主席会使行下列职权
: 一()主会持;议
( )决定二程议政,府出的议提须案优先入议列;程
(三决定开)时会;间
( )四在休期间会可开特别召议;会
五)应行政(长官的求召要紧急会议;开
(六立)会议事规法所规则定的其他权。职
七十第条三香港 别特行政立法会行区使下列职:权
(一)据根法规定并本照依法定程序制、定改和修废除律法;
(二) 根政府据提案的,核审、过财政预算通;
(三批准税收和)共公开支;
四(听取行)政官的长政报告并进行辩论;施
(五对)政府工的作出质提询
;
六)(就何有关公任共益问题利进行论辩;
( )同意终七法审法官院和等法高院首法席官的任;免
()八接受港居香民诉并作申处出;
理 九)如(立法全体议会员四的分一之联合动,指议控政行长有官严违重法或渎行为职而辞不职经立法会通过,行调查,立法进会委托可终法院首审法席负责组官成独的立查委员调,并担任会席。调查委员主会责进行调负查并,立法向提出报会。告该调如委查会员认有为够足证构成上述指据,控立法会全以议体三分之员二多通过,可提数出劾案弹报请,中央人政民府决定。
十)(行使上述各项职在时权如,需有要,传可召关人士有出席作和证供证提。据
第七十四 条香港特别政区立法行会员根议本法据定规依并法定程照提序法出律草案,凡涉及不公共支或开政治体制政府运或作者可,立法会议员由个或联名别提出。涉凡政及政策者府,提出前必在得到行政长须官的书同意。面
七第五十 香条特别行政区立港会法行举会议的法定人为数不于全少议员体二分之的。一
立 会法事议规由立法则自行会制定但,得与本法不相触。抵
第七 十六条香港 特别行政区立会通法的过法案,经行政长官签署、须公布,能生方效。
第七十 条七香港 特行别区立法政会议员在法会的立会议上发言不受法律追,究。
第 十八条七 港特香别行区政法立会议在出员会议时和赴席途中会受逮不捕。
第七十九 条港特别香政区行立法会员议如下有情列况之,一由立会主法席告宣丧其立法会失员议的格:
资 ()因一重严病疾其或情况无力履行职务他;
(二 未)得立法会到主席的同,意续连三个不出月席会而无合议解理释;者
(三 )丧失或放弃港香别特政区永久行性民的身居;
份 (四 )接政受府的任而委任出务人员公;
()破五产或法经裁庭偿定债还务而不履;
行六)(香在特港行政区别区或内区被外犯有判刑事罪行,处监禁一判月以个上,经并立会出席会议的议员三法之分二过通解除职其;务
(七 行)为不检或反违言而誓立经会法出会席的议议三分员二通过谴责之。
第四节 司法机关
第八十条 香特港别政区行级各法院香是港别行政特区的法司关,行机使港香别行特区的审政权。判
第八十一条 港香别特政区行设立审法院终高、等院、法区法域院裁判署、庭和其他专法法庭。门等高法院上设法庭诉原和讼法。
庭原在港香行的司法体实,除制设因香港立特别政行终审区法院而产生变外化,以予留。保
第十二条八 香
港特别行区的政终审权于属港特别香行区政审法院。终终审院可法根据要需请邀其他普通适法地区用法官参的审判加。
第八三十 条港特别行香政区各法院级组的和职权由织法规律定
。 八十第条 香港特别行政四法院区照本依法第八十所规定的条用于香港特别行政适的区律审法案件,判其他通普适法地区的司法用例判可参考。作
第八十五条香 港特行别政区法院独进行审立判不,受何干任,涉法司员履人行审判职责的为行不受律法追究。
第八 六条十原在 港香实行的陪审度制原则予以保的留
。 第十七条 八香港特别行区政的刑事讼和民诉事讼诉保中留在原港适香的原则用和当人享事的有利权。
任 何人在合法拘捕后,被有尽享早受司法机接公关正判审的权利未,经司机法关判罪之前假定无罪均
。 第八十八条香港特别 行区政法的院官,法根当据法地和官法界律及其他面方名人士组知的独立成员委推会荐由行,政官任命。长
第 十八九 条香特港行别政区法院法官只有的无在履行职责或力为不行的情检况下,行长官才政可据根终法审院首席官法任命的少不三于当地名法官组的审议庭的成议,建予以免职。
香港特 别政行终审区院法的首席法只有在官力履行无责或行职为不检的况下,情政长行才可任官命不少于五名当地官组法成的审庭进议审议,并可根行据其建议,照依法本规的定程,予序以职免
。 九第十条香港 特别行政区终审院和高等法法院首的法官,应由在外席无国居留的权香港特行别区政久性永居民中的国中民担任。公
本除第八法八十条和第十九条八规的定程序,外香特别港行区政审终法的院官法和等法院首高席法官的命任免职或,还须由政长行征得立法官会同意并报全国,人民表大代常会务委员会案备。
第九十一条香 特别港行区法官以政外其他司的法员原人有的任制度继续免持保
。 九十二第条香 港别特政区行法的和其他官法人员司,根应其据人本司法和专的才业能选,用并从其他可通法适用地区普用。聘
第九十三 条港特香行政区别立前成香在港任的法官职和他其法人员司均留可用其,年予以资保留,薪金、贴、津福待遇利服和条务不件低于来的原标准。
对休退或合符定规职离法的官其他司和人法员包括,港香别特行区政成前立已退或离休职,者不其所论国属籍或住地点,香居特港行政区别政按府不低于原的来准,标他们或向家属其付支得应的退金休、金酬、贴津福和费。利
九十四第条香港特 别政区行府可参政照在香原港实行办的,法作出有关
当地和外的律来在师香特别港政行工区和作执的业规定。
九第十条 五香港别行政特可区与全其他地区国司的法机关通协商依过法行进司方面法联的系相和互提协供。助
九十六条第 中在央人民府政助协或权授,下港香特行政别区府可与外政就司国互助关法系出作当安排。适
第 五节区域组 织
九第七条 香港十别行政区可设特立非政权性区的域织,接组受港特别香行政政区就府有地区管关和其理事务的咨他询,负责或提供文、康乐化、环卫境生等服。务 第九
八十条区域 织的组权和职成方组由法法规定律
。六第 节务公员人 第
九九十 条香港在别特政区政府各行部任门的职务公员必人是须香港别特政区行永性居久。民本法一百零第一对条籍公外人员另有务定者或规法规律定某一职以下者不在级限。
此公务 人员须必忠职尽,对香守港别行特政区府负政。责 第
一条 百港香别特政行成区立前香港在政各府门部,括包警察门任职部公务人的员可均用,其年资予以保留留薪,、津贴、福利待遇和金务条服件低不原来于的标。准
第 一零百条一 香港别特政行政区府任可用原香公务人港中的或员有香港特别持政行区永久性居身份证民英籍和的他外其籍人士任政担府门的部级公各务员,但下列人职各的官级必员须由在外无国留权居的香特港别行区永久政性居民中的国中公民任:各担司司长、副司,各局局长,长政廉员专审计署署,,长警务处处长入,境务处事长处,海关长。关
香 港别行政区政府特还聘可请英和其他籍籍人外士任担政部府门顾问,的要时必可从并香特港行别区以政外请聘合格员人担政任部府的专门和技门术职。上务外籍述士只能以个人人身份聘受对香,港别行政特政区府责。负
一百零二条 对退休或第合符定规离职的务人公,员括包港特香行别区成立政前休退或符合定离职规公务的员人,论不所属国其籍居住或点地香港特,别政行政府区按不低于原的标来准向们或其家他属支应付得退休金的、酬、金津贴和利福。
第一百费三条 公零务人员应据根其本人资格的经、和验能予以才任和提升,用香原有关于公港人务的员聘、招雇、考核、纪用律、培训和理管的制度包括,负责公务人员的任、用金、服薪条件的务专门机,构除关给有予外籍人特权员待遇规的定外予以,保留。
一第零百四 香港特条行别区行政长官政、主要员官行、政议会成、立法员议会、员各法级院官法和其司他人员法在就职时须必依法誓宣拥护中人民共华和国港香特别政区基行法,本效中忠华民共人和
国香特别行港政。
区[编本段辑第五章]经
济 第一 节政财金、、融易贸和工业
商 一百零五条第 港香别特行政区依保法护人和私人法产的财取、使用、处得和置继的权利承以,及法依用征人和法私人产时被财征财产的所有用人得补到偿权的利。
用征产财补的偿相应当该于产财当的时际价实值,可自由换兑不得,故无迟支付延。
企业所有 和外权来资投受法律保均。护
第一百 零六条 香特别行港区保政财政独持立。
港特别香行政的区政财入全收用于部自需要,不上身缴央人民政府中。
中 人央政民府不在港香别行特区征税政。 第一
零百条 七香港特行政别区的政预算以财入为出量原为,则力求收支衡,平免避赤,并与本地生产字总的值增率相长应适。
第一百八条 零香特港别行区实政独行的立税制收度
香。特港行别区政照参在原香实港行的低政税策,自立行法规税定、税种率税、宽免收和他其务事税项。
一百零九条 第港特香行政别区政提府供当适的经和济律法环,以保持境香的港际国金中心融地位
第。一百一条十香 港别行特政的区币货金融度制法由规律。
定香港特别 行区政政府行自制定币货金融策,保政金障融业和金融市企的经场营自,由并法依进行理和监管。
督 第一 一十百条 一港元香为特别行政区法港货定,币续继流。通
币港发的行权属香于特港别政行区府。政港币的行发须有分百之百准的备金。港的币发行度制和备金准度制,由律法定。规
香特港行政别政府,在确知港区币发行的础基全健和行安排发符保持合币港稳定目的的的条下件,授可权指定行根据银定权法发行限继或发续行币。港
第一 百十二条一香 特别行港区政不行外汇实管政制策港币。自由换兑继续。放开外、汇黄、金券、证货期市场等。
香港特别政区行政府障资金的流保和动出进自。由
第 百一十三条一香 港别特行政区的外汇金基由,港香别特政行政府区管和支理配主要,于调节用元汇价港
。 第百一一十四 条港香特别政区保持行由自地位,除法港另律规有外定不征收关,。税 第
百一一十五 香条港特行政区实别行由自易贸策政,障保物货、无财产和形本的资流自动。由 第一
百十六条 香港特一别政行区单为独关税地的区。
香 港别特行区政以"中国可香"港的名参加《关税义贸和易总定》、关协国于际织纺品易安贸排等关有际组织和国国际贸易协,包定括惠优贸安排。
易 港香别特政行所取得区的和前取得仍以继续效的有口配出额关税、惠优
和达的其成类似安他排,由香港全特别行区政享有。
第 百一一十七 香港特条行别政根区当据时产地规则,可对产的品发产签来地证。
源一第一十八条 百香特别行港区政政府供提经和法济律环,境励鼓项各投、技资进术并开步发兴新产业。 第一百
一十条 九港香别行特区政政府制定适政当,促进策协和调造业制商、业旅游业、、房产地、业输运、公业用事、业服务性业行、农渔业等各行业发的,展注意并环境护。
保 二第节 土地约
契 第一百十条二香 港特行别区成政立前以批已出决、、或定续的超期越九九七年六月三一十年期日所的有土地契和约土与契地约关的有切一权,均按香港特别行政利的区法律继续予承以和保护。
认 第百一二十一 条从一八五年五月二十九七日至九九七一年月六十三日期批间出的或,原有续没权期而利获续期的,得超出九一七年六九三十日月年 期不而超过零二七四年六三十月日的一土地切契约承租人,从一九七九七年月一起日不地补,价需但每年缴相当于纳日该当地应课差饷土值百分租之的租金三此后,随应课。差饷租的值改而变整调金租。
第百二十二一条 原批旧约段地、乡村地屋丁屋、地类似和的农土地村如该,土
地 一九八四年六月在十日的三承租人或在,日该以后批的出丁屋承租人,其地系为父一八九年八在香港的有乡原居民,村要该只土地的租人承为该仍人或其合父系法承人继原,租金定持维变不。
第一 二十三条百香港特 别行政区成以立后期而没有满续权利期的土地约契由香,港特行别政区行制自定律法和政策处。理
第三 航节运
一第百十二条四 港特别行香区政保持在原香港行的航运经实营管和理制体包,有括海员的管关制度。
理 香特别港行区政政自行府规定航运方在的面具职体能和任责。 第一
二百五十条香 港特别政区经行央人民政府授中权继进行船续舶记登并,据根港特别行香区的法律以政"国中香港"名义的颁发有证关件。
一第百十六二条 外除军国船只进用香入港特行别区政经中须人央民政府别许可特,外他船其舶可根据港特香别政区法律行进其出港口
。第一二百十七 香港特条行政区的私营航运及与别航运有的企关业和私集装箱码营头,继续可由经营。
自 第四 民节航空用
一第百二十条八 香特港别行区政政应提供条府件采和取措,施以保持港的国际和香区域空中航的心地位。
第一百 十二九 条港特别香行政继区实续原行香港实在行的用民空航管理度制,按中并央民政府关人于机飞籍标志国登和
记标的规志,定设置己的飞机登记自册。
外 国家国航器进空香入港特别政行须经中区央人民政府特许别。可
第一 百十三条 港特别行香区政自负责民行航空用的日业务常和术技理管包,括机场管理,香在港别行政特区飞情行报区内供空中提通服务,交履行和际国民用航空组的区域性织航行规程划序规所的其定职他。责
第百一十三条 一央人民中政经府香同港特行别区政府磋政商作安排出,为香港特在行政区别册并以香港注为主营业要的航空公司地中和人民华共和国其他航空公的,提供司港特香行别政和区中人民共和华国其地区之他的间往返航。班
一百第三十条二 涉凡中华人及共民国和他其地区同其他家和地国的往区返并停香经特港行政区别航班的,涉及香和特别港政行区其同国他家地区的和往并返经中停华人共民和其国地区他航的民班航用运输协空,由中央人定民政签订府。
央人中民政在签府订本条第一款所指民用空航运协输定,时应虑考港香别行特政的特殊区情况经和利济益并,同港香别行特区政府磋政。
商 中央 民人政在同外府政府国商谈关有条本一款所第航指的班排安,时香港特别政行区府政的代表可为中华人作民共和政府代国表团的员参成。加
第 一百十三三 香条特别港政区行府经中央人政政民具府体权授可:
()续一或修签改原有民的航用空输运协定协和;议
( 二谈判签)新的民订航空用运协定,输为在港香别特行政注区册并以港香主为营要业的地航公空提供航线,司及过以和技术境停降利;权
(三)同没 签有订用民空运输航协的定外或国地区谈判订签临协时议。
不及涉往、经停中国返地内只而往、返经停香的港期定班航均由本条所指的,用民空运输协定或临时航协议予以规。
定 一第三百四条十 央人民政府授中香港权特行别政政区:府
( )同一其当局他谈商并订有签关执本法行一第百十三条所三民用指空航运输协和临时定议的各项安排;协
( 二对在)香特别港政区行注并册香港为主要营以业的地空公航签发执照;司
()依照本三法第百一三三条所十民用指空航输协定运临时协和指定议空航公司;
四()外对国空公司航往除返、停中经内地的国班航外的其他航以签班许发可证。
第百三一十条五 香特港别政行成区前在立港香注并以香册港为主要业地营航的公空司和与用民空航有关行的,业可继经续营。
[辑本编段第六]
章 教 、育学科文化、体育、、宗、教劳和社会服工务育教科学、、文、化育体宗、教劳工和社会、务服
一百第十六条三 香特别行港政政府区原在教有制育度基础上,自行制定有的关教的发展育改和的政进策,括包育体教制管和理教、语学、经言费配分考试、制、学位制度度和认承历等政策。学
社 团会和私人可体法在依香特别行港政区办兴种各育事教。业
第一百十三七 各类条院均可保留校其自性并享有主术学自,可由继从续港香特别政区以行招聘外教员职选和教用。宗材教组织所办学校可继的续供提教宗育,包括开教设教课程。宗
生学享有选院校和在择香港特行政别区以外求学的由自。
第一百三 十条八 港特别行政区香府政自行定制发展西医中和药促医进疗生服卫的政策。务社团会体和私人依法可供提种医疗卫各服务。生
第一三百十九条香 特港行政别政府自行区定科制技术政学,策以律法护保学技科术的研究果成、专和发利明造。创
港香别行政特区府自政行定确用适香港的各于类学科、技术标准规和格。
一百四第条十香 特港行别区政政自府制行文化政定,以策法律保护作在者学文艺术创作所中获得成果的和合法权益
。 第 一四十百一 条香特港别政区政府不限行制宗信仰教自,由干预宗教不织组内的事务,不部限与制港特别香政行法律区没有抵触宗的活动。教
宗教组织依 享法有财的产得取使用、处、、置继承以及受接资的权助利财。产方面原的有权益予保仍持保护。 和宗组织可教按有原办继续兴法宗教办院校其、他校学、医院福利和机以构及供其提社会服他务。
港香别特政区行宗教的织和组教可徒与其地方他宗的教织组和教保持和徒展发系。关
第 百四一二十 香条港特行别政政府在区留保有原专的制度业的基础,上行制定自关有评各种审业专的执资格的业办法。
在香港特 别行区政立成已前得专业和执业取资者格可,依据关有定规和业守则保专原有留资的格
。 香港 特行政别政府继续承区认特别在政行成立区已承认的专业前和专业体,团承认的所业团专体可自审核和行颁授专业格。资
香特港行别区政府政根可据会发社展需并咨询要有关面方的见,意承新认专的和业业团体。专
第 百一四三十条香 特别行政区政府港行制自体育政定。民间策育体体可依团法续存继和在发展
。 第一 四十四百 条香特别港行区政政保持府在原港香实的对教育、行医疗卫、生文化、艺、康乐、术育体社会福利、社会、工作方等的民面间体团机的构助政策资原。在港香各助资构任机的职员均人根据可原有度继续制聘受。
第一百四五条十香 特港行政别政区府在原有社
会福利制的度础上,基根经据条济件和会需要,社自制定行其展、发改的进政策
。 第百四一十条六香港 特行别政区事社会服务的志从团愿体不抵在触律法情的下可况自决行定服务方其。式
第 一百四十七 香港特别条政行自行制定区关有工劳法的律和政。策
第百四一八十条香 特别行港政的教育、区科、技学术文、、艺化、术育、专业体医、卫生、劳工疗社会福利、、会社作工等面方的间团体和民宗教组同内织相应的地体团组织和关的系应,以不录属互、互不涉和互干相重的尊则为基础。原
第百一四九十 香条港别特政区的行育教科学、、技、术文、化术艺、体、专育、业医卫疗、生劳工、社会福利社、会工等作面的方间民团体宗和教织可组世同界国、各地区及国各际有的关团和组体保持织和展发系,关该团体和各织组根可需要冠用"中国据香"港名的,参义有与关动活。
[辑编本]第段七 章对事外
务第百五十条 一香港别行特区政政府的表代可,为作中华人共民国和政府表代团的员,参成加由央中民政人府行进的香同港别特行区直政有关接外交谈的。判
第百一五十一 香港条别行特政区在经可、贸易、济金、融航运通讯、、游、文化旅、体等领育域"以中香国"港名义的,独地单同世界国、各各地区及关有国际织保组和发展持系,签订关履行有和协关。议
一百五第二十条对以国 为单家参位的加、同港香别行特政有区关的适、领当的国域际组织国和会际议,港香特行政别政区可府派遣代作为中表华人共和国代表团的民成员或以央人民政中和上府有关国际组述或国际会织议允的许身份加参并以",国中香港的名义"表发见意。
香港 特别行政可区"中以香港国的"名参加义以国家不单为参加位国际的组和织国会议。
际对中人民华共和已国加参而香也以某种形式参加港了国际组的,中央人民织政将府取必采要施使措香特港行别区以政适形当继续保式持在这些组织的地位中。
对中华 民人和国共未尚加而参港已以某香形种式参的加国际组织中央,人民府政根将据要使需港特香行政区以适当形别式继参续这些加组织
。 第 一五百十三条中华人 共民和国结缔的国协际议,央中民人府政根据可港特香行政别的区情况和需要,在询香港征特行政别区府的意见政,后定是决适否于香港特别行用政区
。 中人华民和国尚未参共但已加适于香港的国用协议际仍继续适用。中可人民政央根府据要授需权或协助香港特别行政区府作政适出安当排使其他,有关际国协议适于香港用特别政行区
。 第 百五一十四
条中央民人政授权香府港特行别区政府政照依律给持法香有港特行别政永区性久民身居证的份国中公民签中华发民共人和香港特国行别区护政照给在香港特别,行政区其的他法合居留签者发华人中共民国香港和别特行区的政其他旅证件。上行述照护和件,证前往各国和各区有效地并,载持有人有明返香港特回行政区别权利。的
对世界各国各或区的人地境、逗留入离和,香港特别行政境区府可政实出入行境管。制
一第百五五条十中 央民政人府协助或权香授特别行港政政区与各府国或地各区缔互免结签证议协。
第一百十五条六 港香特别政行可区据需要在外国设立根方或官半官方的济和经易贸机,构中报央人政府民备。
案 第一百五十 条七 国在香外特港行政区别立领设事构或机他官其方、官关机方,构须经中央民人政批准。府
已同中华民共和人国立建正外交式系的关国家在香港立设的领事构机和其官方他构机可予保留,。
未尚同华中民人共国和立建式正外交系关的家在国香港立的领设事构和其机官他方机构可,据根情允况保留许改为关或官方机构。
尚为未华人民中共和承认的国家,只国在能香特别行政港设区民立间构机。
[辑本编]段第章八 本的法解释修改和 第
百一五十八 条法的本解释权于属国人全代表大民常务委会会员。
全国 人民表代大常委会会员权授香港特行政别区法院审在案理件时对本法关香港于别行政特自治范围区的条内自款解释。行
香 港别行特政区院法审在理案件对本法的其时他条也可款释解。如香港但别行政区特院在法理审件案时需要对本关于法中人央政民府理的管事务或中和央香特别行政区港系关条款进的解释,而行该条款解的释影又响到件的案判,在对决案该作件出可不上诉终局的决前,应由香港判特行别区终审法政请全院国民人表代会常大委务员会对有条款作出解释。关如国全人民代大表常会务员会委出解作释,香特港别政区行法院引用该在条时款应,以全国人民表代大会务委员常会解的为释准但。在以此前出的作判不受影响。
决 全国民人代大会表常委务会员对在本进法行解前,征释其所询属的香特港别行政基本法委区会的意见员。
第一 百五九十条 法本修的权属改于全国人民表大会。代
本法的 改修案权提属全国于人代民表大会务委常会员国务院和、港特香别行区政。港特别行政香的区修议改案须,香经特别行政区港的全国人民代表大代表会分三二多之、香数港特别行政区立法会体议全员分之三二多数香港和别行特政区政行长同官后,意由交
香港别行政特区席出全国人民代表会的大表团向代国人全民表代会提出大。
本 的法改修议在案列全入人国代表大会民的程前议先由,港香别行特政区本法委员会研基究并出提见意
。 法的任何修改本均,不同中得人华共和民对香港国定的基本既针方政相抵策。
[编辑触本段第]九章 则附
第一六百条 十港特香别行区成立时,香港原有政法律由除国人民全表代大常会委务会宣员布同为本抵法者触外采,用香港为特行别区政法,如以律后现有的发律法与本法抵触可依,照本法规的程序定改修停止或生。效
在香 原有港律法有效下的文件证、件、约契权和利务义在,抵不本触的法提前下继续效,受香有特别行港区的承政和认护。保
件附一:香特港别政区行政长行的官生办产
法 、行政一官由一个长有具广泛表代性选举委的会员根本据选法出,由中央民政人任府。命
二、举选委员委会员共008人由,下列各人士界成组:
商、工金界 融200人
专业 2界00人
工劳社、会务、服教宗界 2等00人
法会立议员、区域性织组表代香港、地区全人大国代表、港地区香全国政委协员的表代 20人0
选举 员委会届任每期五。年 三、
个界各别的划分,以及每界个中何种别织可以产生选举委组的名员,额香港由特行别政根区民据主开、的原放制定选举法加则规以定。
各别界法定体团根据选法举规的定配分名额选举办和法行自出选选举委员委会员。
举选员委个以身份人投。票
、不四于少一百名选举的委员联可合名提行政长官候选。人每委员名只可提出一名选候人
五。、选委举员会据提名的根单,名经一人票一记名无票选出投政行长候任官。人体具举选法办由选举法定。规
六 第、任行一长官政按照全国人民代表大会《关于香港别特政区行第一政届府和法会立生产办法的决定产》。
生七、0二0七以年各后任行长政官产生的办法需如修改须,立经会全体法员议分之二三多通过,行政长官同意数并报全,人国代表大民常会委务员会准批。
附件 :二香港别行政区立特会的法产办生法和表决程序
、立一法的产生会法办
一)(港香别特行区政法立议会员届60每,人第一立届会法按《照国人民代表大全关会香于特别行港政区一第政届府和法会产生立法办的决》定生产。第二届第、三立法届的会组成如下:
第 届
功二团体能举选议员的3 0人
选举委 会选员举的议 6员人
区分直接举的选议 员42人
三届第
功团体
能选举的员议30 人
分区接选举直的议 员3人0 (
)二第一届立除会法外,述选举委上会员本法即附一件规的选举定委员会。上分述直区接选举选区划分的、投办法,票各功能个界别和定法团体划分、的员名议的额分、配举选办及选法委举会员选议员举办法,的香港由别特政区行府提出政经并立法会通的选举过加以法规定。
二、立 会对法法案议案的表、决程序
除本另有规法外,定香港别特行区立政法会法对和案议的案表决采取下列序程:
府政出的法提案,如得出席会获的全体议议员的半过票数即为通,。过
法会议立员个提出的人案、议案法和对府法案政修正的均须案别经分能团功体举选生的议员产分和区接直举选、举委选员选会举产的议生两员分出席会部议员各议半数过通。过
三、 二0七0以后立法年的产会办生法和表决程序
二 00年七后香以港别特政行立法会的区产生法和法案办议案、表决的程序,需如对附本的件定进行规修,须经改立法会体议全三分员之二多通数,过政行官长意同并,报国人全代民表大常会务员会备委案。
附件:在香港三特别政行区实施全国性的法律
下全列性国法,自律九一九七七年月一日由香港起特行别区在当政公布地或法立施实。
、一关《于中人华民共和国国、纪年都国、、歌旗的国议决》
、二《于中华关人共和民国国庆的决议日》
、三中《人央政府公民布华中民人共和国徽的国命》令:附国图案徽、明、使说用法办
四、《 中华民人和共政国府于关领的声明海》
五、《华中民人共和国国籍法》
、《六华人中共民国和交外权特与豁条例》 免
范文三:香港特别行政区基本法
正文:
香港特别行政区基本法(英文版)The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region of the People's Republic of China<法律英语网
http://www.21lawyer.cn/english/01b/1.html
中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法(英文版)The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China - 1990
(Adopted on April 4, 1990 by the Seventh National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China at its Third Session)
Contents
Preamble
Chapter I General Principles
Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Chapter III Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents
Chapter IV Political Structure
Section 1 The Chief Executive
Section 2 The Executive Authorities
Section 3 The Legislature
Section 4 The Judiciary
Section 5 District Organizations
Section 6 Public Servants
Chapter V Economy
Section 1 Public Finance, Monetary Affairs, Trade, Industry and Commerce
Section 2 Land Leases
Section 3 Shipping
Section 4 Civil Aviation
Chapter VI Education, Science, Culture, Sports, Religion, Labor and Social Services
Chapter VII External Affairs
Chapter VIII Interpretation and Amendment of the Basic Law
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
Annex I: Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Annex II: Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
and Its Voting Procedures
Annex III: National Laws to be Applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Preamble
Hong Kong has been part of the territory of China since ancient times; it was occupied by Britain after the Opium War in 1840. On December 19, 1984, the Chinese and British Governments signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, affirming that the Government of the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997, thus fulfilling the long-cherished common aspiration of the Chinese people for the recovery of Hong Kong.
Upholding national unity and territorial integrity, maintaining the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong, and taking account of its history and realities, the People's Republic of China has decided that upon China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be established in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, and that under the principle of "one country, two systems", the socialist system and policies will not be practiced in Hong Kong. The basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong have been elaborated by the Chinese Government in the Sino-British Joint Declaration.
In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the National People's Congress hereby enacts the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, prescribing the systems to be practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in order to ensure the implementation of the basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong.
Chapter I General Principles
Article 1
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China.
Article 2
The National People's Congress authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 3
The executive authorities and legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall
be composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 4
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall safeguard the rights and freedoms of the residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and of other persons in the Region in accordance with law.
Article 5
The socialist system and policies shall not be practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years.
Article 6
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall protect the right of private ownership of property in accordance with law.
Article 7
The land and natural resources within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be State property. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for their management, use and development and for their lease or grant to individuals, legal persons or organizations for use or development. The revenues derived therefrom shall be exclusively at the disposal of the government of the Region.
Article 8
The laws previously in force in Hong Kong, that is, the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law shall be maintained, except for any that contravene this Law, and subject to any amendment by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 9
In addition to the Chinese language, English may also be used as an official language by the executive authorities, legislature and judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 10
Apart from displaying the national flag and national emblem of the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may also use a regional flag and regional emblem.
The regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a red flag with a bauhinia highlighted by five star-tipped stamens.
The regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a bauhinia in the center highlighted by five star-tipped stamens and encircled by the words "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" in Chinese and "HONG KONG" in English.
Article 11
In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the systems and policies practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, including the social and economic systems, the system for safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of its residents, the executive, legislative and judicial systems, and the relevant policies, shall be based on the provisions of this Law.
No law enacted by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall contravene this Law.
Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Article 12
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People's Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People's Government.
Article 13
The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the foreign affairs relating to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shall establish an office in Hong Kong to deal with foreign affairs.
The Central People's Government authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct relevant external affairs on its own in accordance with this Law.
Article 14
The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the defense of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for the maintenance of public order in the Region.
Military forces stationed by the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for defense shall not interfere in the local affairs of the Region. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, when necessary, ask the Central People's Government for assistance from the garrison in the maintenance of public order and in disaster relief.
In addition to abiding by national laws, members of the garrison shall abide by the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Expenditure for the garrison shall be borne by the Central People's Government.
Article 15
The Central People's Government shall appoint the Chief Executive and the principal officials of the executive authorities of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the provisions of Chapter IV of this Law.
Article 16
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with executive power. It shall, on its own, conduct the administrative affairs of the Region in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 17
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with legislative power.
Laws enacted by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. The reporting for record shall not affect the entry into force of such laws.
If the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under it, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the Region is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the Central Authorities or regarding the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it. Any law returned by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall immediately be invalidated. This invalidation shall not have retroactive effect, unless otherwise provided for in the laws of the Region.
Article 18
The laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be this Law, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong as provided for in Article 8 of this Law, and the laws enacted by the legislature of the Region.
National laws shall not be applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex III to this Law. The laws listed therein shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the Region.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress may add to or delete from the list of laws in Annex III after consulting its Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the government of the Region. Laws listed in Annex III to this Law shall be confined to those relating to defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of the Region as specified by this Law.
In the event that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decides to declare a state of war or, by reason of turmoil within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region which endangers national unity or security and is beyond the control of the government of the Region, decides that the Region is in a state of emergency, the Central People's Government may issue an order applying the relevant national laws in the Region.
Article 19
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication.
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have jurisdiction over all cases in the Region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong shall be maintained.
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs. The courts of the Region shall obtain a certificate from the Chief Executive on questions of fact concerning acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs whenever such questions arise in the adjudication of cases. This certificate shall be binding on the courts. Before issuing such a certificate, the Chief Executive shall obtain a certifying document from the Central People's Government.
Article 20
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may enjoy other powers granted to it by the National People's Congress, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or the Central People's Government.
Article 21
Chinese citizens who are residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be entitled to participate in the management of state affairs according to law.
In accordance with the assigned number of seats and the selection method specified by the National People's Congress, the Chinese citizens among the residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall locally elect deputies of the Region to the National People's Congress to participate in the work of the highest organ of state power.
Article 22
No department of the Central People's Government and no province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government may interfere in the affairs which the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region administers on its own in accordance with this Law.
If there is a need for departments of the Central Government, or for provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government to set up offices in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, they must obtain the consent of the government of the Region and the approval of the Central People's Government.
All offices set up in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by departments of the Central Government, or by provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the personnel of these offices shall abide by the laws of the Region.
For entry into the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, people from other parts of China must apply for approval. Among them, the number of persons who enter the Region for the purpose of settlement shall be determined by the competent authorities of the Central People's Government after consulting the government of the Region.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish an office in Beijing.
Article 23
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
Chapter III Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents
Article 24
Residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("Hong Kong residents") shall include permanent residents and non-permanent residents.
The permanent residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be:
(1) Chinese citizens born in Hong Kong before or after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
(2) Chinese citizens who have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years before or after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
(3) Persons of Chinese nationality born outside Hong Kong of those residents listed in categories
(1) and (2);
(4) Persons not of Chinese nationality who have entered Hong Kong with valid travel documents, have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years and have taken Hong Kong as their place of permanent residence before or after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
(5) Persons under 21 years of age born in Hong Kong of those residents listed in category (4) before or after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and
(6) Persons other than those residents listed in categories (1) to (5), who, before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, had the right of abode in Hong Kong only.
The above-mentioned residents shall have the right of abode in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and shall be qualified to obtain, in accordance with the laws of the Region, permanent identity cards which state their right of abode.
The non-permanent residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be persons who are qualified to obtain Hong Kong identity cards in accordance with the laws of the Region but have no right of abode.
Article 25
All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law.
Article 26
Permanent residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have the right to vote and the right to stand for election in accordance with law.
Article 27
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of speech, of the press and of publication; freedom of association, of assembly, of procession and of demonstration; and the right and freedom to form and join trade unions, and to strike.
Article 28
The freedom of the person of Hong Kong residents shall be inviolable.
No Hong Kong resident shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful arrest, detention or imprisonment. Arbitrary or unlawful search of the body of any resident or deprivation or restriction of the freedom of the person shall be prohibited. Torture of any resident or arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of the life of any resident shall be prohibited.
Article 29
The homes and other premises of Hong Kong residents shall be inviolable. Arbitrary or unlawful search of, or intrusion into, a resident's home or other premises shall be prohibited.
Article 30
The freedom and privacy of communication of Hong Kong residents shall be protected by law. No department or individual may, on any grounds, infringe upon the freedom and privacy of communication of residents except that the relevant authorities may inspect communication in accordance with legal procedures to meet the needs of public security or of investigation into criminal offenses.
Article 31
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of movement within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and freedom of emigration to other countries and regions. They shall have freedom to travel and to enter or leave the Region. Unless restrained by law, holders of valid travel documents shall be free to leave the Region without special authorization.
Article 32
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of conscience.
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of religious belief and freedom to preach and to conduct and participate in religious activities in public.
Article 33
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of choice of occupation.
Article 34
Hong Kong residents shall have freedom to engage in academic research literary and artistic creation, and other cultural activities.
Article 35
Hong Kong residents shall have the right to confidential legal advice, access to the courts, choice of lawyers for timely protection of their lawful rights and interests or for representation in the courts, and to judicial remedies.
Hong Kong residents shall have the right to institute legal proceedings in the courts against the acts of the executive authorities and their personnel.
Article 36
Hong Kong residents shall have the right to social welfare in accordance with law. The welfare benefits and retirement security of the labor force shall be protected by law.
Article 37
The freedom of marriage of Hong Kong residents and their right to raise a family freely shall be protected by law.
Article 38
Hong Kong residents shall enjoy the other rights and freedoms safeguarded by the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 39
The provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and international labor conventions as applied to Hong Kong shall remain in force and shall be implemented through the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents shall not be restricted unless as prescribed by law. Such restrictions shall not contravene the provisions of the preceding paragraph of this Article.
Article 40
The lawful traditional rights and interests of the indigenous inhabitants of the "New Territories" shall be protected by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 41
Persons in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region other than Hong Kong residents shall, in accordance with law, enjoy the rights and freedoms of Hong Kong residents prescribed in this Chapter.
Article 42
Hong Kong residents and other persons in Hong Kong shall have the obligation to abide by the laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Chapter IV Political Structure
Section 1 The Chief Executive
Article 43
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the head of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and shall represent the Region.
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be accountable to the Central People's Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 44
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a Chinese citizen of not less than 40 years of age who is a permanent resident of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country and has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than 20 years.
Article 45
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government.
The method for selecting the Chief Executive shall be specified in the light of the actual situation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress. The ultimate aim is the selection of the Chief Executive by universal suffrage upon nomination by a broadly representative nominating committee in accordance with
democratic procedures.
The specific method for selecting the Chief Executive is prescribed in Annex I: "Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region".
Article 46
The term of office of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be five years. He or she may serve for not more than two consecutive terms.
Article 47
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must be a person of integrity, dedicated to his or her duties.
The Chief Executive on assuming office, shall declare his or her assets to the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. This declaration shall be put on record.
Article 48
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To lead the government of the Region;
(2) To be responsible for the implementation of this Law and other laws which, in accordance with this Law, apply in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
(3) To sign bills passed by the Legislative Council and to promulgate laws;
To sign budgets passed by the Legislative Council and report the budgets and final accounts to the Central People's Government for the record;
(4) To decide on government policies and to issue executive orders;
(5) To nominate and to report to the Central People's Government for appointment the following principal officials: Secretaries and Deputy Secretaries of Departments, Directors of Bureau, Commissioner Against Corruption, Director of Audit, Commissioner of Police, Director of Immigration and Commissioner of Customs and Excise; and to recommend to the Central People's Government the removal of the above-mentioned officials;
(6) To appoint or remove judges of the courts at all levels in accordance with legal procedures;
(7) To appoint or remove holders of public office in accordance with legal procedures;
(8) To implement the directives issued by the Central People's Government in respect of the
relevant matters provided for in this Law;
(9) To conduct, on behalf of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, external affairs and other affairs as authorized by the Central Authorities;
(10) To approve the introduction of motions regarding revenues or expenditure to the Legislative Council;
(11) To decide, in the light of security and vital public interests, whether government officials or other personnel in charge of government affairs should testify or give evidence before the Legislative Council or its committees;
(12) To pardon persons convicted of criminal offenses or commute their penalties; and
(13) To handle petitions and complaints.
Article 49
If the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region considers that a bill passed by the Legislative Council is not compatible with the overall interests of the Region, he or she may return it to the Legislative Council within three months for reconsideration. If the Legislative Council passes the original bill again by not less than a two-thirds majority of all the members, the Chief Executive must sign and promulgate it within one month, or act in accordance with the provisions of Article 50 of this Law.
Article 50
If the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region refuses to sign a bill passed the second time by the Legislative Council, or the Legislative Council refuses to pass a budget or any other important bill introduced by the government, and if consensus still cannot be reached after consultations, the Chief Executive may dissolve the Legislative Council.
The Chief Executive must consult the Executive Council before dissolving the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive may dissolve the Legislative Council only once in each term of his or her office.
Article 51
If the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region refuses to pass the budget introduced by the government, the Chief Executive may apply to the Legislative Council for provisional appropriations. If appropriation of public funds cannot be approved because the Legislative Council has already been dissolved, the Chief Executive may, prior to the election of the new Legislative Council, approve provisional short-term appropriations according to the level of expenditure of the previous fiscal year.
Article 52
The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must resign under any of
the following circumstances:
(1) When he or she loses the ability to discharge his or her duties as a result of serious illness or other reasons;
(2) When, after the Legislative Council is dissolved because he or she twice refuses to sign a bill passed by it, the new Legislative Council again passes by a two-thirds majority of all the members the original bill in dispute, but he or she still refuses to sign it; and
(3) When, after the Legislative Council is dissolved because it refuses to pass a budget or any other important bill, the new Legislative Council still refuses to pass the original bill in dispute.
Article 53
If the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is not able to discharge his or her duties for a short period, such duties shall temporarily be assumed by the Administrative Secretary, Financial Secretary or Secretary of Justice in this order of precedence.
In the event that the office of Chief Executive becomes vacant, a new Chief Executive shall be selected within six months in accordance with the provisions of Article 45 of this Law. During the period of vacancy, his or her duties shall be assumed according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 54
The Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be an organ for assisting the Chief Executive in policy-making.
Article 55
Members of the Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be appointed by the Chief Executive from among the principal officials of the executive authorities, members of the Legislative Council and public figures. Their appointment or removal shall be decided by the Chief Executive. The term of office of members of the Executive Council shall not extend beyond the expiry of the term of office of the Chief Executive who appoints them.
Members of the Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country.
The Chief Executive may, as he or she deems necessary, invite other persons concerned to sit in on meetings of the Council.
Article 56
The Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be presided over by the Chief Executive.
Except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies, the Chief Executive shall consult the Executive Council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills to the Legislative Council, making subordinate legislation, or dissolving the Legislative Council.
If the Chief Executive does not accept a majority opinion of the Executive Council, he or she shall put the specific reasons on record.
Article 57
A Commission Against Corruption shall be established in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It shall function independently and be accountable to the Chief Executive.
Article 58
A Commission of Audit shall be established in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It shall function independently and be accountable to the Chief Executive.
Section 2 The Executive Authorities
Article 59
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the executive authorities of the Region.
Article 60
The head of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the Chief Executive of the Region.
A Department of Administration, a Department of Finance, a Department of Justice, and various bureau, divisions and commissions shall be established in the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 61
The principal officials of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country and have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than 15 years.
Article 62
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To formulate and implement policies;
(2) To conduct administrative affairs;
(3) To conduct external affairs as authorized by the Central People's Government under this Law;
(4) To draw up and introduce budgets and final accounts;
(5) To draft and introduce bills, motions and subordinate legislation; and
(6) To designate officials to sit in on the meetings of the Legislative Council and to speak on behalf of the government.
Article 63
The Department of Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall control criminal prosecutions, free from any interference.
Article 64
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must abide by the law and be accountable to the Legislative Council of the Region: it shall implement laws passed by the Council and already in force; it shall present regular policy addresses to the Council; it shall answer questions raised by members of the Council; and it shall obtain approval from the Council for taxation and public expenditure.
Article 65
The previous system of establishing advisory bodies by the executive authorities shall be maintained.
Section 3 The Legislature
Article 66
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the legislature of the Region.
Article 67
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country. However, permanent residents of the Region who are not of Chinese nationality or who have the right of abode in foreign countries may also be elected members of the Legislative Council of the Region, provided that the proportion of such members does not exceed 20 per cent of the total membership of the Council.
Article 68
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be constituted by election.
The method for forming the Legislative Council shall be specified in the light of the actual situation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress. The ultimate aim is the election of all the members of the
Legislative Council by universal suffrage.
The specific method for forming the Legislative Council and its procedures for voting on bills and motions are prescribed in Annex II: "Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures".
Article 69
The term of office of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be four years, except the first term which shall be two years.
Article 70
If the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is dissolved by the Chief Executive in accordance with the provisions of this Law, it must, within three months, be reconstituted by election in accordance with Article 68 of this Law.
Article 71
The President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be elected by and from among the members of the Legislative Council.
The President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a Chinese citizen of not less than 40 years of age, who is a permanent resident of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country and has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than 20 years.
Article 72
The President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To preside over meetings;
(2) To decide on the agenda, giving priority to government bills for inclusion in the agenda;
(3) To decide on the time of meetings;
(4) To call special sessions during the recess;
(5) To call emergency sessions on the request of the Chief Executive; and
(6) To exercise other powers and functions as prescribed in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Council.
Article 73
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To enact, amend or repeal laws in accordance with the provisions of this Law and legal procedures;
(2) To examine and approve budgets introduced by the government;
(3) To approve taxation and public expenditure;
(4) To receive and debate the policy addresses of the Chief Executive;
(5) To raise questions on the work of the government;
(6) To debate any issue concerning public interests;
(7) To endorse the appointment and removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court;
(8) To receive and handle complaints from Hong Kong residents;
(9) If a motion initiated jointly by one-fourth of all the members of the Legislative Council charges the Chief Executive with serious breach of law or dereliction of duty and if he or she refuses to resign, the Council may, after passing a motion for investigation, give a mandate to the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal to form and chair an independent investigation committee. The committee shall be responsible for carrying out the investigation and reporting its findings to the Council. If the committee considers the evidence sufficient to substantiate such charges, the Council may pass a motion of impeachment by a two-thirds majority of all its members and report it to the Central People's Government for decision; and
(10) To summon, as required when exercising the above-mentioned powers and functions, persons concerned to testify or give evidence.
Article 74
Members of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may introduce bills in accordance with the provisions of this Law and legal procedures. Bills which do not relate to public expenditure or political structure or the operation of the government may be introduced individually or jointly by members of the Council. The written consent of the Chief Executive shall be required before bills relating to government policies are introduced.
Article 75
The quorum for the meeting of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be not less than one half of all its members.
The rules of procedure of the Legislative Council shall be made by the Council on its own, provided that they do not contravene this Law.
Article 76
A bill passed by the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may take effect only after it is signed and promulgated by the Chief Executive.
Article 77
Members of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be immune from legal action in respect of their statements at meetings of the Council.
Article 78
Members of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall not be subjected to arrest when attending or on their way to a meeting of the Council.
Article 79
The President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall declare that a member of the Council is no longer qualified for the office under any of the following circumstances:
(1) When he or she loses the ability to discharge his or her duties as a result of serious illness or other reasons;
(2) When he or she, with no valid reason, is absent from meetings for three consecutive months without the consent of the President of the Legislative Council;
(3) When he or she loses or renounces his or her status as a permanent resident of the Region;
(4) When he or she accepts a government appointment and becomes a public servant;
(5) When he or she is bankrupt or fails to comply with a court order to repay debts;
(6) When he or she is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for one month or more for a criminal offense committed within or outside the Region and is relieved of his or her duties by a motion passed by two-thirds of the members of the Legislative Council present; and
(7) When he or she is censured for misbehavior or breach of oath by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the Legislative Council present.
Section 4 The Judiciary
Article 80
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at all levels shall be the judiciary of the Region, exercising the judicial power of the Region.
Article 81
The Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, district courts, magistrates' courts and other special courts shall be established in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The High Court shall comprise the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance.
The judicial system previously practiced in Hong Kong shall be maintained except for those changes consequent upon the establishment of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 82
The power of final adjudication of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested in the Court of Final Appeal of the Region, which may as required invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit on the Court of Final Appeal.
Article 83
The structure, powers and functions of the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at all levels shall be prescribed by law.
Article 84
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall adjudicate cases in accordance with the laws applicable in the Region as prescribed in Article 18 of this Law and may refer to precedents of other common law jurisdictions.
Article 85
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently, free from any interference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal action in the performance of their judicial functions.
Article 86
The principle of trial by jury previously practiced in Hong Kong shall be maintained.
Article 87
In criminal or civil proceedings in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the principles previously applied in Hong Kong and the rights previously enjoyed by parties to proceedings shall be maintained.
Anyone who is lawfully arrested shall have the right to a fair trial by the judicial organs without delay and shall be presumed innocent until convicted by the judicial organs.
Article 88
Judges of the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and eminent persons from other sectors.
Article 89
A judge of a court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may only be removed for inability to discharge his or her duties, or for misbehavior, by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of a tribunal appointed by the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal and consisting of not fewer than three local judges.
The Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may be investigated only for inability to discharge his or her duties, or for misbehavior, by a tribunal appointed by the Chief Executive and consisting of not fewer than five local judges and may be removed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of the tribunal and in accordance with the procedures prescribed in this Law.
Article 90
The Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country.
In the case of the appointment or removal of judges of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Chief Executive shall, in addition to following the procedures prescribed in Articles 88 and 89 of this Law, obtain the endorsement of the Legislative Council and report such appointment or removal to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Article 91
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the previous system of appointment and removal of members of the judiciary other than judges.
Article 92
Judges and other members of the judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be chosen on the basis of their judicial and professional qualities and may be recruited from other common law jurisdictions.
Article 93
Judges and other members of the judiciary serving in Hong Kong before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may all remain in employment and retain their seniority with pay, allowances, benefits and conditions of service no less favorable than before .
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall pay to judges and other members of the judiciary who retire or leave the service in compliance with regulations, including those who have retired or left the service before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or to their dependents, all pensions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms no less favorable than before, irrespective of their nationality or place of residence.
On the basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may make provisions for local lawyers and lawyers from outside Hong Kong to work and practice in the Region.
Article 95
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, through consultations and in accordance with law, maintain juridical relations with the judicial organs of other parts of the country, and they may render assistance to each other.
Article 96
With the assistance or authorization of the Central People's Government, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may make appropriate arrangements with foreign states for reciprocal juridical assistance.
Section 5 District Organizations
Article 97
District organizations which are not organs of political power may be established in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, to be consulted by the government of the Region on district administration and other affairs, or to be responsible for providing services in such fields as culture, recreation and environmental sanitation.
Article 98
The powers and functions of the district organizations and the method for their formation shall be prescribed by law.
Section 6 Public Servants
Article 99
Public servants serving in all government departments of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must be permanent residents of the Region, except where otherwise provided for in Article 101 of this Law regarding public servants of foreign nationalities and except for those below a certain rank as prescribed by law.
Public servants must be dedicated to their duties and be responsible to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 100
Public servants serving in all Hong Kong government departments, including the police department, before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, may all remain in employment and retain their seniority with pay, allowances, benefits and conditions of service no less favorable than before.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may employ British and other foreign nationals previously serving in the public service in Hong Kong, or those holding permanent identity cards of the Region, to serve as public servants in government departments at all levels, but only Chinese citizens among permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country may fill the following posts: the Secretaries and Deputy Secretaries of Departments, Directors of Bureau, Commissioner Against Corruption, Director of Audit, Commissioner of Police, Director of Immigration and Commissioner of Customs and Excise.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may also employ British and other foreign nationals as advisers to government departments and, when required, may recruit qualified candidates from outside the Region to fill professional and technical posts in government departments. These foreign nationals shall be employed only in their individual capacities and shall be responsible to the government of the Region.
Article 102
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall pay to public servants who retire or who leave the service in compliance with regulations, including those who have retired or who have left the service in compliance with regulations before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or to their dependents, all pensions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms no less favorable than before, irrespective of their nationality or place of residence.
Article 103
The appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis of their qualifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous system of recruitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and management for the public service, including special bodies for their appointment, pay and conditions of service, shall be maintained, except for any provisions for privileged treatment of foreign nationals.
Article 104
When assuming office, the Chief Executive, principal officials, members of the Executive Council and of the Legislative Council, judges of the courts at all levels and other members of the judiciary in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must, in accordance with law, swear to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter V Economy
Section 1 Public Finance, Monetary Affairs, Trade, Industry and Commerce
Article 105
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, protect the right of individuals and legal persons to the acquisition, use, disposal and inheritance of property and their right to compensation for lawful deprivation of their property.
Such compensation shall correspond to the real value of the property concerned at the time and shall be freely convertible and paid without undue delay.
The ownership of enterprises and the investments from outside the Region shall be protected by law.
Article 106
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have independent finances.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall use its financial revenues exclusively for its own purposes, and they shall not be handed over to the Central People's Government.
The Central People's Government shall not levy taxes in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 107
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall follow the principle of keeping expenditure within the limits of revenues in drawing up its budget, and strive to achieve a fiscal balance, avoid deficits and keep the budget commensurate with the growth rate of its gross domestic product.
Article 108
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall practice an independent taxation system.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, taking the low tax policy previously pursued in Hong Kong as reference, enact laws on its own concerning types of taxes, tax rates, tax reductions, allowances and exemptions, and other matters of taxation.
Article 109
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall provide an appropriate economic and legal environment for the maintenance of the status of Hong Kong as an international financial center.
Article 110
The monetary and financial systems of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be prescribed by law.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate monetary and financial policies, safeguard the free operation of financial business and financial markets, and regulate and supervise them in accordance with law.
Article 111
The Hong Kong dollar, as the legal tender in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, shall continue to circulate.
The authority to issue Hong Kong currency shall be vested in the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The issue of Hong Kong currency must be backed by a 100 per cent reserve fund. The system regarding the issue of Hong Kong currency and the reserve fund system shall be prescribed by law.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may authorize designated banks to issue or continue to issue Hong Kong currency under statutory authority, after satisfying itself that any issue of currency will be soundly based and that the arrangements for such issue are consistent with the object of maintaining the stability of the currency.
Article 112
No foreign exchange control policies shall be applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Hong Kong dollar shall be freely convertible. Markets for foreign exchange, gold, securities, futures and the like shall continue.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall safeguard the free flow of capital within, into and out of the Region.
Article 113
The Exchange Fund of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be managed and controlled by the government of the Region, primarily for regulating the exchange value of the Hong Kong dollar.
Article 114
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the status of a free port and shall not impose any tariff unless otherwise prescribed by law.
Article 115
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall pursue the policy of free trade and safeguard the free movement of goods, intangible assets and capital.
Article 116
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a separate customs territory.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, using the name "Hong Kong, China", participate in relevant international organizations and international trade agreements (including preferential trade arrangements), such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and arrangements regarding international trade in textiles.
Export quotas, tariff preferences and other similar arrangements, which are obtained or made by
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or which were obtained or made and remain valid, shall be enjoyed exclusively by the Region.
Article 117
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may issue its own certificates of origin for products in accordance with prevailing rules of origin.
Article 118
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall provide an economic and legal environment for encouraging investments, technological progress and the development of new industries.
Article 119
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall formulate appropriate policies to promote and co-ordinate the development of various trades such as manufacturing, commerce, tourism, real estate, transport, public utilities, services, agriculture and fisheries, and pay regard to the protection of the environment.
Section 2 Land Leases
Article 120
All leases of land granted, decided upon or renewed before the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region which extend beyond 30 June 1997, and all rights in relation to such leases, shall continue to be recognized and protected under the law of the Region.
Article 121
As regards all leases of land granted or renewed where the original leases contain no right of renewal, during the period from 27 May 1985 to 30 June 1997, which extend beyond 30 June 1997 and expire not later than 30 June 2047, the lessee is not required to pay an additional premium as from 1 July 1997, but an annual rent equivalent to 3 per cent of the rateable value of the property at that date, adjusted in step with any changes in the rateable value thereafter, shall be charged.
Article 122
In the case of old schedule lots, village lots, small houses and similar rural holdings, where the property was on 30 June 1984 held by, or, in the case of small houses granted after that date, where the property is granted to, a lessee descended through the male line from a person who was in 1898 a resident of an established village in Hong Kong, the previous rent shall remain unchanged so long as the property is held by that lessee or by one of his lawful successors in the male line.
Article 123
Where leases of land without a right of renewal expire after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, they shall be dealt with in accordance with laws and policies
formulated by the Region on its own.
Section 3 Shipping
Article 124
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain Hong Kong's previous systems of shipping management and shipping regulation, including the system for regulating conditions of seamen.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, define its specific functions and responsibilities in respect of shipping.
Article 125
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be authorized by the Central People's Government to continue to maintain a shipping register and issue related certificates under its legislation, using the name "Hong Kong, China".
Article 126
With the exception of foreign warships, access for which requires the special permission of the Central People's Government, ships shall enjoy access to the ports of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the laws of the Region.
Article 127
Private shipping businesses and shipping-related businesses and private container terminals in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may continue to operate freely.
Section 4 Civil Aviation
Article 128
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall provide conditions and take measures for the maintenance of the status of Hong Kong as a center of international and regional aviation.
Article 129
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall continue the previous system of civil aviation management in Hong Kong and keep its own aircraft register in accordance with provisions laid down by the Central People's Government concerning nationality marks and registration marks of aircraft.
Access of foreign state aircraft to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall require the special permission of the Central People's Government.
Article 130
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible on its own for matters of
routine business and technical management of civil aviation, including the management of airports, the provision of air traffic services within the flight information region of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the discharge of other responsibilities allocated to it under the regional air navigation procedures of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Article 131
The Central People's Government shall, in consultation with the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, make arrangements providing air services between the Region and other parts of the People's Republic of China for airlines incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and having their principal place of business in Hong Kong and other airlines of the People's Republic of China.
Article 132
All air service agreements providing air services between other parts of the People's Republic of China and other states and regions with stops at the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and air services between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and other states and regions with stops at other parts of the People's Republic of China shall be concluded by the Central People's Government.
In concluding the air service agreements referred to in the first paragraph of this Article, the Central People's Government shall take account of the special conditions and economic interests of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and consult the government of the Region.
Representatives of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, as members of the delegations of the Government of the People's Republic of China, participate in air service consultations conducted by the Central People's Government with foreign governments concerning arrangements for such services referred to in the first paragraph of this Article.
Article 133
Acting under specific authorizations from the Central People's Government, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may:
(1) renew or amend air service agreements and arrangements previously in force;
(2) negotiate and conclude new air service agreements providing routes for airlines incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and having their principal place of business in Hong Kong and providing rights for over-flights and technical stops; and
(3) negotiate and conclude provisional arrangements with foreign states or regions with which no air service agreements have been concluded.
All scheduled air services to, from or through Hong Kong, which do not operate to, from or through the mainland of China shall be regulated by the air service agreements or provisional arrangements referred to in this Article.
Article 134
The Central People's Government shall give the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region the authority to:
(1) negotiate and conclude with other authorities all arrangements concerning the implementation of the air service agreements and provisional arrangements referred to in Article 133 of this Law;
(2) issue licenses to airlines incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and having their principal place of business in Hong Kong;
(3) designate such airlines under the air service agreements and provisional arrangements referred to in Article 133 of this Law; and
(4) issue permits to foreign airlines for services other than those to, from or through the mainland of China.
Article 135
Airlines incorporated and having their principal place of business in Hong Kong and businesses related to civil aviation functioning there prior to the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may continue to operate.
Chapter VI Education, Science, Culture, Sports, Religion, Labor and Social Services
Article 136
On the basis of the previous educational system, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on the development and improvement of education, including policies regarding the educational system and its administration, the language of instruction, the allocation of funds, the examination system, the system of academic awards and the recognition of educational qualifications.
Community organizations and individuals may, in accordance with law, run educational undertakings of various kinds in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 137
Educational institutions of all kinds may retain their autonomy and enjoy academic freedom. They may continue to recruit staff and use teaching materials from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Schools run by religious organizations may continue to provide religious education, including courses in religion.
Students shall enjoy freedom of choice of educational institutions and freedom to pursue their education outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Article 138
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies to develop Western and traditional Chinese medicine and to improve medical and health services. Community organizations and individuals may provide various medical and health services in accordance with law.
Article 139
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on science and technology and protect by law achievements in scientific and technological research, patents, discoveries and inventions.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, decide on the scientific and technological standards and specifications applicable in Hong Kong.
Article 140
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on culture and protect by law the achievements and the lawful rights and interests of authors in their literary and artistic creation.
Article 141
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall not restrict the freedom of religious belief, interfere in the internal affairs of religious organizations or restrict religious activities which do not contravene the laws of the Region.
Religious organizations shall, in accordance with law, enjoy the rights to acquire, use, dispose of and inherit property and the right to receive financial assistance. Their previous property rights and interests shall be maintained and protected.
Religious organizations may, according to their previous practice, continue to run seminaries and other schools, hospitals and welfare institutions and to provide other social services.
Religious organizations and believers in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may maintain and develop their relations with religious organizations and believers elsewhere.
Article 142
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on the basis of maintaining the previous systems concerning the professions, formulate provisions on its own for assessing the qualifications for practice in the various professions.
Persons with professional qualifications or qualifications for professional practice obtained prior to the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may retain their previous qualifications in accordance with the relevant regulations and codes of practice.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall continue to recognize the professions and the professional organizations recognized prior to the establishment of the Region,
and these organizations may, on their own, assess and confer professional qualifications.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, as required by developments in society and in consultation with the parties concerned, recognize new professions and professional organizations .
Article 143
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on sports. Non-governmental sports organizations may continue to exist and develop in accordance with law.
Article 144
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practiced in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social work. Staff members previously serving in subvented organizations in Hong Kong may remain in their employment in accordance with the previous system.
Article 145
On the basis of the previous social welfare system, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on the development and improvement of this system in the light of the economic conditions and social needs.
Article 146
Voluntary organizations providing social services in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, on their own, decide their forms of service, provided that the law is not contravened.
Article 147
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall on its own formulate laws and policies relating to labor.
Article 148
The relationship between non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, science, technology, culture, art, sports, the professions, medicine and health, labor, social welfare and social work as well as religious organizations in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and their counterparts on the mainland shall be based on the principles of non-subordination, non-interference and mutual respect.
Article 149
Non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, science, technology, culture, art, sports, the professions, medicine and health, labor, social welfare and social work as well as religious organizations in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may maintain and develop relations with their counterparts in foreign countries and regions and with relevant international organizations. They may, as required, use the name "Hong Kong, China" in the
relevant activities.
Chapter VII External Affairs
Article 150
Representatives of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, as members of delegations of the Government of the People's Republic of China, participate in negotiations at the diplomatic level directly affecting the Region conducted by the Central People's Government.
Article 151
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may on its own, using the name "Hong Kong, China", maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states and regions and relevant international organizations in the appropriate fields, including the economic, trade, financial and monetary, shipping, communications, tourism, cultural and sports fields.
Article 152
Representatives of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, as members of delegations of the People's Republic of China, participate in international organizations or conferences in appropriate fields limited to states and affecting the Region, or may attend in such other capacity as may be permitted by the Central People's Government and the international organization or conference concerned, and may express their views, using the name "Hong Kong, China".
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, using the name "Hong Kong, China", participate in international organizations and conferences not limited to states.
The Central People's Government shall take the necessary steps to ensure that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall continue to retain its status in an appropriate capacity in those international organizations of which the People's Republic of China is a member and in which Hong Kong participates in one capacity or another.
The Central People's Government shall, where necessary, facilitate the continued participation of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in an appropriate capacity in those international organizations in which Hong Kong is a participant in one capacity or another, but of which the People's Republic of China is not a member.
Article 153
The application to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of international agreements to which the People's Republic of China is or becomes a party shall be decided by the Central People's Government, in accordance with the circumstances and needs of the Region, and after seeking the views of the government of the Region.
International agreements to which the People's Republic of China is not a party but which are implemented in Hong Kong may continue to be implemented in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Central People's Government shall, as necessary, authorize or assist the government of the Region to make appropriate arrangements for the application to the Region of other relevant international agreements.
Article 154
The Central People's Government shall authorize the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to issue, in accordance with law, passports of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China to all Chinese citizens who hold permanent identity cards of the Region, and travel documents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China to all other persons lawfully residing in the Region. The above passports and documents shall be valid for all states and regions and shall record the holder's right to return to the Region.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may apply immigration controls on entry into, stay in and departure from the Region by persons from foreign states and regions.
Article 155
The Central People's Government shall assist or authorize the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to conclude visa abolition agreements with foreign states or regions.
Article 156
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, as necessary, establish official or semi-official economic and trade missions in foreign countries and shall report the establishment of such missions to the Central People's Government for the record.
Article 157
The establishment of foreign consular and other official or semiofficial missions in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall require the approval of the Central People's Government.
Consular and other official missions established in Hong Kong by states which have formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China may be maintained.
According to the circumstances of each case, consular and other official missions established in Hong Kong by states which have no formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China may be permitted either to remain or be changed to semi-official missions.
States not recognized by the People's Republic of China may only establish non-governmental institutions in the Region.
Chapter VIII Interpretation and Amendment of the Basic Law
Article 158
The power of interpretation of this Law shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall authorize the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to interpret on their own, in adjudicating cases, the provisions of this Law which are within the limits of the autonomy of the Region.
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may also interpret other provisions of this Law in adjudicating cases. However, if the courts of the Region, in adjudicating cases, need to interpret the provisions of this Law concerning affairs which are the responsibility of the Central People's Government, or concerning the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, and if such interpretation will affect the judgments on the cases, the courts of the Region shall, before making their final judgments which are not appealable, seek an interpretation of the relevant provisions from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress through the Court of Final Appeal of the Region. When the Standing Committee makes an interpretation of the provisions concerned, the courts of the Region, in applying those provisions, shall follow the interpretation of the Standing Committee. However, judgments previously rendered shall not be affected.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall consult its Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region before giving an interpretation of this Law.
Article 159
The power of amendment of this Law shall be vested in the National People's Congress.
The power to propose bills for amendments to this Law shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Amendment bills from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be submitted to the National People's Congress by the delegation of the Region to the National People's Congress after obtaining the consent of two-thirds of the deputies of the Region to the National People's Congress, two-thirds of all the members of the Legislative Council of the Region, and the Chief Executive of the Region.
Before a bill for amendment to this Law is put on the agenda of the National People's Congress, the Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall study it and submit its views.
No amendment to this Law shall contravene the established basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong.
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
Article 160
Upon the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong shall be adopted as laws of the Region except for those which the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress declares to be in contravention of this Law. If any laws are later discovered to be in contravention of this Law, they shall be amended or cease to have force in accordance with the procedure as prescribed by this Law.
Documents, certificates, contracts, and rights and obligations valid under the laws previously in force in Hong Kong shall continue to be valid and be recognized and protected by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, provided that they do not contravene this Law.
Annex I: Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
1. The Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with this Law and appointed by the Central People's Government.
2. The Election Committee shall be composed of 800 members from the following sectors:
Industrial, commercial and financial sectors......................200
The professions..................................................200
Labor, social services, religious and other sectors............200
Members of the Legislative Council, representatives of district-based organizations, Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress, and representatives of Hong Kong members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference..................200
The term of office of the Election Committee shall be five years.
3. The delimitation of the various sectors, the organizations in each sector eligible to return Election Committee members and the number of such members returned by each of these organizations shall be prescribed by an electoral law enacted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the principles of democracy and openness.
Corporate bodies in various sectors shall, on their own, elect members to the Election Committee, in accordance with the number of seats allocated and the election method as prescribed by the electoral law.
Members of the Election Committee shall vote in their individual capacities.
4. Candidates for the office of Chief Executive may be nominated jointly by not less than 100 members of the Election Committee. Each member may nominate only one candidate.
5. The Election Committee shall, on the basis of the list of nominees, elect the Chief Executive designate by secret ballot on a one-person-one-vote basis. The specific election method shall be prescribed by the electoral law.
6. The first Chief Executive shall be selected in accordance with the "Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government and the First Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region".
7. If there is a need to amend the method for selecting the Chief Executives for the terms subsequent to the year 2007, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Legislative Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval.
Annex II: Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures
I. Method for the formation of the Legislative Council
1. The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of 60 members in each term. In the first term, the Legislative Council shall be formed in accordance with the "Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government and the First Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region". The composition of the Legislative Council in the second and third terms shall be as follows:
Second Term
Members returned by functional constituencies......30
Members returned by the Election Committee.........6
Members returned by geographical constituencies through direct
elections .........................................24
Third term
Members returned by functional constituencies .....30
Members returned by geographical constituencies through direct
elections .........................................30
2. Except in the case of the first Legislative Council, the above-mentioned Election Committee refers to the one provided for in Annex I of this Law. The division of geographical constituencies and the voting method for direct elections therein; the delimitation of functional sectors and corporate bodies, their seat allocation and election methods; and the method for electing members of the Legislative Council by the Election Committee shall be specified by an electoral law introduced by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and passed by the Legislative Council.
II. Procedures for voting on bills and motions in the Legislative Council
Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, the Legislative Council shall adopt the following procedures for voting on bills and motions:
The passage of bills introduced by the government shall require at least a simple majority vote of the members of the Legislative Council present.
The passage of motions, bills or amendments to government bills introduced by individual members of the Legislative Council shall require a simple majority vote of each of the two groups of members present: members returned by functional constituencies and those returned by geographical constituencies through direct elections and by the Election Committee.
III. Method for the formation of the Legislative Council and its voting procedures subsequent to the year 2007
With regard to the method for forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and its procedures for voting on bills and motions after 2007, if there is a need to amend the provisions of this Annex, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Annex III: National Laws to be Applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
The following national laws shall be applied locally with effect from 1 July 1997 by way of promulgation or legislation by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region:
1. Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem and National Flag of the People's Republic of China
2. Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China
3. Order on the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China Proclaimed by the Central People's Government
Attached: Design of the national emblem, notes of explanation and instructions for use
4. Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea
5. Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China
6. Regulations of the People's Republic of China Concerning Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities
范文四:中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系(本科)_0
中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系(本科)
题目:中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系
目 录
摘要(详见正文)
关键词
一( 中华人民共和国宪法是制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律依据
二( 在“在一国两制”的方针下,香港《基本法》具有相对的独立性和特殊性
三( 香港特别行政区基本法的制定是对中国社会主义宪法理论的发展
参考文献
以下是正文
摘要:《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》从1985年月10日第六届全国人民代表大会第三次会议开始通过关于成立中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会的决定一直到1990年4月4日第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议终于通过了这一基本法,期间这一起草工作历时四年零八个月。
香港特别行政区基本法是根据中国宪法制定的。中国宪法是社会主义性质的。1997年7月1日中国对香港恢复行使主权,在香港
实行“一个国家,两个制度”的方针,即在中华人民共和国内,大陆十一亿人口实行社会主义制度,在香港、澳门、台湾实行资本主义制度。因此,从法律理论上研究中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系,具有十分重要的意义。
关键词:人民代表大会;中国宪法;社会主义性质
一( 中华人民共和国宪法是制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律依据
宪法是一个国家的根本法,具有最高法律效力,其他法律的制定必须以宪法为依据,中国宪法序言对此作出了明文规定。因此,香港特别行政区基本法的制定也是必须以宪法为依据的。 中国宪法第三十一条规定:“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区,在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。”这一条包含了两层含义,一是可以建立特别行政区,这种特别行政区是中国的一级行政区划,它与省、自治县、直辖市的地位大体相同,但与深圳、珠海等经济特区又是不同。二是在特别行政区内实行的制度可另以法律规定,也就是说,可以实行在不同于替他省、自治区和直辖市所实行的制度,可以实行资本主义制度。这就体现了“一个国家,两
个制度”的方针和精神,成为中国宪法上的一个创举。这是制定香港特别行政区基本法的主要宪法依据。
中国宪法第六十二条也规定:“全国人民大表大会行使以下职权:??(十三)决定特别行政区的设立及其制度”,这是宪法对特别行政区的又一规定。说明只有全国人民代表大会有权设立特别行政区,并决定在特别行政区实行的制度。也表现出了我国宪法的民主公平性。
此外,在1982年11月26日宪法修改委员会副主任委员彭真向第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议所作的《关于中华人民共和国宪法修改草案的报告》中,曾对宪法第三十一条作出了详细的说明。彭真说:“国庆节前夕,全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长**同志发表谈话指出,实现和平统一,台湾可作为特别行政区,享有高度的自治权,这种自治权,包括台湾现行社会、经济制度不变,生活方式不变,同国外的经济、文化关系不变等等。考虑到这种特殊情况的需要”才有宪法第三十一条的规定,在这里彭真对宪法第三十一条的立法意图、特别行政区的自治权,作出了非常概括的说明。从这一报告中,对宪法第三十一条的理解就更加具体了。香港特别行政区基本法的主要法律根据就是宪法第三十一条。
制定香港特别行政区基本法必须根据宪法,这不但在宪法中作出了规定,而且在《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明》中也得到了体现。在中英联合声明的第三点指出:“中华人民共和国声明,中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策如下:(一)为了维护国家的统一和领土的完整,并考虑到香港的历史和现实情况,中华人民共和国决定在对香港恢复行使主权时,根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定,设立香港特别行政区,”从上述中英联合声明的内容看,第一,根据宪法制定香港特别行政区基本法,第二,根据宪法第三十一条建立香港特别行政区。这就进一步说明了制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律是宪法,包括第三十一条,而不只是宪法第三十一条。中英联合声明中中国政府对香港的基本方针政策和中英联合声明附件一都是中国宪法第三十一条的具体体现,符合“一个国家,两个制度”的方针,中国政府承诺了将这些内容必须符合中英联合声明中中国政府对香港的基本方针政策和联合声明的附件一。但是准确的说,制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律根据是中国宪法,而不是说是根据中英联合声明。
香港特别行政区基本法第十一条规定:“根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条,香港特别行政区的制度和政策,包括社会、经济制
度,有关保障居民的基本权利和自由的制度,行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度,以及有关政策,均以本法的规定为依据。香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律,均不得同本法相抵触”。这一条规定说明了两点,第一,香港特别行政区的制度和政策是根据宪法第三十一条制定的,宪法高于基本法,是制定基本法的法律依据。第二,基本法规定的香港特别行政区的制度和政策符合宪法第三十一条的精神,基本法的效力高于香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律。
《基本法》还规定:“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分”,中央人民政府负责管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务,负责管理香港特别行政区的防务,“中央人民政府任命香港特别行政区行政长官和行政机关的主要官员。”从《基本法》的上述内容可以看出,不仅基本法的产生渊源于宪法,它的主要内容也是服从于宪法的基本原则,因此,宪法与香港特别行政区的《基本法》的关系是母法与子法的关系,《基本法》的制定是以宪法为依据的。
二( 在“在一国两制”的方针下,香港《基本法》具有相对的独立性和特殊性
香港《基本法》在我国的法律法系中,属于宪法之下的基本法律,但是,它在我国现有的基本法的系列中,具有相对独立性和特殊性。
1( 《基本法》的地位。《基本法》的适用范围不仅限于香港地区,它也不是地方法规, 但它不同于民族区域自治条例。它的地位是仅次于宪法的国家基本法律。因此,《基本法》的香港特别行政区,具有最高的法律效力,香港的其他一切法律均不得同基本法相抵触。
2( 《基本法》的解释。《基本法》第158条规定:“本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大 会常务委员会。”这一规定与我国其他基本法的解释的规定相同,但不同的是,全国人民代表大会常务委员会在《基本法》的解释前,须征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会的意见。另外,全国人民代表大会常务委员会还授权香港特别行政区法院,在审理案件时,对《基本法》中关于香港特别行政区自治范围的条款,可自行进行解释,对其他条款也可以进行解释。
3( 《基本法》的修改。《基本法》的修改权属于全国人民代表大会,这也与我国其他 基本法律修改规定相同,不同的是,《基本法》
的修改议案,在列入全国人民代表大会的议前,须先由香港特别行政区基本法委员会研究,并提出意见,而且,对《基本法》的任何修改,均不得同中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策相抵触。
4( 《基本法》的内容。由于《基本法》是按照“一个国家,两种制度”的方针制定的, 因此,它的基本内容有十分明显的特殊性。如《基本法》规定:“香港特别行政区不实行社会主义制度和政策,保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式,五十年不变”,“香港原有法律,除同本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外,予以保留。”这些都体现了“一国两制”的方针,体现了香港特别行政区高度自治的特点。
三( 香港特别行政区基本法的制定是对中国社会主义宪法理论的发展
香港特别行政区基本法将是崭新的法律,由于它贯彻了“一个国家,两种制度”的方针,因而对我国的宪法理论有许多新的发展。
第一, 具有最高法律效力的宪法可有高度的灵活性,在基本法中得到了具体体现
宪法具有高度法律效力,对香港特别行政区也不例外。但是,我国宪法的特点之一在于它又有高度的灵活性。这不是一般的灵活性,而是宪法的一部分条文和原则可以不适用于香港特别行政区,在坚持国家的统一、主权和领土完整的原则下,其他许多问题可以高度灵活处理。 比如说,在一般情况下,外交权、货币发行权等都由国家统一行使,香港特别行政区基本法规定香港特别行政区享有部分对外事务权和货币发放权。还有,按照宪法的规定,一切法律、行政法规和地方性法规都不得同宪法抵触。在我国民族自治地方,可以根据本地方的实际情况执行国家法律。在香港特别行政区原有的法律基本不变,宪法也只有一部分条文适用,表现基本法在法律制度方面比民族自治地方有更高的灵活性。
第二, 发展了我国的地方政权形式和国家结构形式的理念
香港特别行政区基本法规定的政权形式是“一个国家,两个制度”下的、符合香港实际情况的地方政权形式,它不是人民代表大会
的形式,也不是三权分立制、议会制。按照香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会政治体制专题小组会的报告,香港特别行政区政治体制的原则是:司法独立,行政机关与立法机关互相制衡又互相配合。香港特别行政区基本法肯定了这一特殊的地方政权形式,这种政权形式既符合“一个国家,两个制度”的方针,又符合香港的实际情况,从而发展了我国宪法关于政权形式的理论。
第三, 允许“一个国家,两种制度”下法律的多样性,解决不同法律体系的差异问题
由于在特别行政区内的法律基本不变,内地的法律基本上不适用于特别行政区,这样在我国的法律将发生多样性,在内地实行的是社会主义法律体系,在香港特被行政区实行的是海洋法系,在澳门特别行政区实行的是大陆法系。宪法规定全国的法制要统一,又不排斥在局部地区实行不同的法律。在全国绝大部分地方实行社会主义法律,在局部地区实行非社会主义法律。所谓香港原有的法律基本不变,是指还有殖民主义色彩的法律,与基本法相抵触及过时的法律要改变,而不是完全不变。这就使“一个国家,两个制度”下存在多样性的法律,而又不损害国家的统一、领土和主权的完整。
宪法规定,我国实行社会主义制度,《基本法》允许香港保留资本主义制度,将两种截然不同的社会制度统一于宪法的规定之下,显示出我国社会主义法制所独有的中国特色,正如**同志所说,香港《基本法》是一部具有历史意义和国际意义的法律,对全人类都具有长远意义,是一个具有创造性的杰作。
参考文献:
1( 《略论我国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》张荣顺 (
2( 《浅析中华人民共和国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》张爱萍(
3( 《论中华人民共和国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》萧薇云(
4( 《<香港特别行政区基本法>:我国社会主义宪法理论的发展》王树春全青月(
范文五:中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系(本科)
精选公文范文管理资料
中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系(本科)
题目:中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系
目 录
摘要(详见正文)
关键词
一( 中华人民共和国宪法是制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律依据
二( 在“在一国两制”的方针下,香港《基本法》具有相对的独立性和特殊性
三( 香港特别行政区基本法的制定是对中国社会主义宪法理论的发展
参考文献
以下是正文
摘要:《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》从1985年月10日第六届全国人民代表大会第三次会议开始通过关于成立中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会的决定一直到1990年4月4日第[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
精选公文范文管理资料
七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议终于通过了这一基本法,期间这一起草工作历时四年零八个月。
香港特别行政区基本法是根据中国宪法制定的。中国宪法是社会主义性质的。1997年7月1日中国对香港恢复行使主权,在香港实行“一个国家,两个制度”的方针,即在中华人民共和国内,大陆十一亿人口实行社会主义制度,在香港、澳门、台湾实行资本主义制度。因此,从法律理论上研究中国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系,具有十分重要的意义。
关键词:人民代表大会;中国宪法;社会主义性质
一( 中华人民共和国宪法是制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律依据
宪法是一个国家的根本法,具有最高法律效力,其他法律的制定必须以宪法为依据,中国宪法序言对此作出了明文规定。因此,香港特别行政区基本法的制定也是必须以宪法为依据的。 中国宪法第三十一条规定:“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区,在[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。”这一条包含了两层含义,一是可以建立特别行政区,这种特别行政区是中国的一级行政区划,它与省、自治县、直辖市的地位大体相同,但与深圳、珠海等经济特区又是不同。二是在特别行政区内实行的制度可另以法律规定,也就是说,可以实行在不同于替他省、自治区和直辖市所实行的制度,可以实行资本主义制度。这就体现了“一个国家,两个制度”的方针和精神,成为中国宪法上的一个创举。这是制定香港特别行政区基本法的主要宪法依据。
中国宪法第六十二条也规定:“全国人民大表大会行使以下职权:??(十三)决定特别行政区的设立及其制度”,这是宪法对特别行政区的又一规定。说明只有全国人民代表大会有权设立特别行政区,并决定在特别行政区实行的制度。也表现出了我国宪法的民主公平性。
此外,在1982年11月26日宪法修改委员会副主任委员彭真向第五届全国人民[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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代表大会第五次会议所作的《关于中华人民共和国宪法修改草案的报告》中,曾对宪法第三十一条作出了详细的说明。彭真说:“国庆节前夕,全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长**同志发表谈话指出,实现和平统一,台湾可作为特别行政区,享有高度的自治权,这种自治权,包括台湾现行社会、经济制度不变,生活方式不变,同国外的经济、文化关系不变等等。考虑到这种特殊情况的需要”才有宪法第三十一条的规定,在这里彭真对宪法第三十一条的立法意图、特别行政区的自治权,作出了非常概括的说明。从这一报告中,对宪法第三十一条的理解就更加具体了。香港特别行政区基本法的主要法律根据就是宪法第三十一条。
制定香港特别行政区基本法必须根据宪法,这不但在宪法中作出了规定,而且在《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明》中也得到了体现。在中英联合声明的第三点指出:“中华人民共和国声明,中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策如下:(一)[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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为了维护国家的统一和领土的完整,并考虑到香港的历史和现实情况,中华人民共和国决定在对香港恢复行使主权时,根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定,设立香港特别行政区,”从上述中英联合声明的内容看,第一,根据宪法制定香港特别行政区基本法,第二,根据宪法第三十一条建立香港特别行政区。这就进一步说明了制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律是宪法,包括第三十一条,而不只是宪法第三十一条。中英联合声明中中国政府对香港的基本方针政策和中英联合声明附件一都是中国宪法第三十一条的具体体现,符合”一个国家,两个制度”的方针,中国政府承诺了将这些内容必须符合中英联合声明中中国政府对香港的基本方针政策和联合声明的附件一。但是准确的说,制定香港特别行政区基本法的法律根据是中国宪法,而不是说是根据中英联合声明。
香港特别行政区基本法第十一条规定:“根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条,香港特别行政区的制度和政策,包括社会、[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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经济制度,有关保障居民的基本权利和自由的制度,行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度,以及有关政策,均以本法的规定为依据。香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律,均不得同本法相抵触”。这一条规定说明了两点,第一,香港特别行政区的制度和政策是根据宪法第三十一条制定的,宪法高于基本法,是制定基本法的法律依据。第二,基本法规定的香港特别行政区的制度和政策符合宪法第三十一条的精神,基本法的效力高于香港特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律。
《基本法》还规定:“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分”,中央人民政府负责管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务,负责管理香港特别行政区的防务,“中央人民政府任命香港特别行政区行政长官和行政机关的主要官员。”从《基本法》的上述内容可以看出,不仅基本法的产生渊源于宪法,它的主要内容也是服从于宪法的基本原则,因此,宪法与香港特别行政区的《基本法》的关系是母法与子法的关系,[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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《基本法》的制定是以宪法为依据的。
二( 在“在一国两制”的方针下,香港《基本法》具有相对的独立性和特殊性
香港《基本法》在我国的法律法系中,属于宪法之下的基本法律,但是,它在我国现有的基本法的系列中,具有相对独立性和特殊性。
1( 《基本法》的地位。《基本法》的适用范围不仅限于香港地区,它也不是地方法规, 但它不同于民族区域自治条例。它的地位是仅次于宪法的国家基本法律。因此,《基本法》的香港特别行政区,具有最高的法律效力,香港的其他一切法律均不得同基本法相抵触。
2( 《基本法》的解释。《基本法》第158条规定:“本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大 会常务委员会。”这一规定与我国其他基本法的解释的规定相同,但不同的是,全国人民代表大会常务委员会在《基本法》的解释前,须征询其所属的香港特别行政区基本法委员会的意见。另外,全国人民代表大会常务委员会还授权香港特别行政区法院,[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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在审理案件时,对《基本法》中关于香港特别行政区自治范围的条款,可自行进行解释,对其他条款也可以进行解释。
3( 《基本法》的修改。《基本法》的修改权属于全国人民代表大会,这也与我国其他 基本法律修改规定相同,不同的是,《基本法》的修改议案,在列入全国人民代表大会的议前,须先由香港特别行政区基本法委员会研究,并提出意见,而且,对《基本法》的任何修改,均不得同中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策相抵触。
4( 《基本法》的内容。由于《基本法》是按照“一个国家,两种制度”的方针制定的, 因此,它的基本内容有十分明显的特殊性。如《基本法》规定:“香港特别行政区不实行社会主义制度和政策,保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式,五十年不变”,“香港原有法律,除同本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外,予以保留。”这些都体现了“一国两制”的方针,体现了香港特别行政区高度自治的特点。
三( 香港特别行政区基本法的制定是[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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对中国社会主义宪法理论的发展
香港特别行政区基本法将是崭新的法律,由于它贯彻了“一个国家,两种制度”的方针,因而对我国的宪法理论有许多新的发展。
第一, 具有最高法律效力的宪法可有高度的灵活性,在基本法中得到了具体体现
宪法具有高度法律效力,对香港特别行政区也不例外。但是,我国宪法的特点之一在于它又有高度的灵活性。这不是一般的灵活性,而是宪法的一部分条文和原则可以不适用于香港特别行政区,在坚持国家的统一、主权和领土完整的原则下,其他许多问题可以高度灵活处理。 比如说,在一般情况下,外交权、货币发行权等都由国家统一行使,香港特别行政区基本法规定香港特别行政区享有部分对外事务权和货币发放权。还有,按照宪法的规定,一切法律、行政法规和地方性法规都不得同宪法抵触。在我国民族自治地方,可以根据本地方的实际情况执行国家法律。在香港特别行政区原有的法律基本不变,宪法也只有一部分条文适用,[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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表现基本法在法律制度方面比民族自治地方有更高的灵活性。
第二, 发展了我国的地方政权形式和国家结构形式的理念
香港特别行政区基本法规定的政权形式是“一个国家,两个制度”下的、符合香港实际情况的地方政权形式,它不是人民代表大会的形式,也不是三权分立制、议会制。按照香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会政治体制专题小组会的报告,香港特别行政区政治体制的原则是:司法独立,行政机关与立法机关互相制衡又互相配合。香港特别行政区基本法肯定了这一特殊的地方政权形式,这种政权形式既符合“一个国家,两个制度”的方针,又符合香港的实际情况,从而发展了我国宪法关于政权形式的理论。
第三, 允许“一个国家,两种制度”下法律的多样性,解决不同法律体系的差异问题
由于在特别行政区内的法律基本不变,内地的法律基本上不适用于特别行政区,这样在我国的法律将发生多样性,在内[键入文字] [键入文字] [键入文字]
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地实行的是社会主义法律体系,在香港特被行政区实行的是海洋法系,在澳门特别行政区实行的是大陆法系。宪法规定全国的法制要统一,又不排斥在局部地区实行不同的法律。在全国绝大部分地方实行社会主义法律,在局部地区实行非社会主义法律。所谓香港原有的法律基本不变,是指还有殖民主义色彩的法律,与基本法相抵触及过时的法律要改变,而不是完全不变。这就使“一个国家,两个制度”下存在多样性的法律,而又不损害国家的统一、领土和主权的完整。
宪法规定,我国实行社会主义制度,《基本法》允许香港保留资本主义制度,将两种截然不同的社会制度统一于宪法的规定之下,显示出我国社会主义法制所独有的中国特色,正如**同志所说,香港《基本法》是一部具有历史意义和国际意义的法律,对全人类都具有长远意义,是一个具有创造性的杰作。
参考文献:
1( 《略论我国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》张荣顺 (
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2( 《浅析中华人民共和国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》张爱萍(
3( 《论中华人民共和国宪法与香港特别行政区基本法的关系》萧薇云(
4( 《:我国社会主义宪法理论的发展》王树春全青月(
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