范文一:英语所有词性总结
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英语里的词汇分为10种词性,分别是:n. 名词 v. 动词 pron. 代词 adj.形容词 adv. 副词 num.数词 art. 冠词prep. 介词 conj. 连词 int. 感叹词,除这十大类词之外,英语还另有判断词yes和no。
名词
1.名词的分类:
1. 专有名词
1. 个体名词 car, room fan 1.可数名词
名 2. 集体名词 people family army (单复数)
词 2. 普通名词 3. 物质名词 fire water 2.不可数名
4. 复合名词 boy-frieds 词
5. 抽象名词 life health
2.名词的功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 3.名词的复数
3.1 一般名词的变化:
情况 构成方法 例词 读音
desk?desks 一般情况 在词尾加 -s -s 在清辅音后发 /s/ map?maps
day?days -s 在元音和浊辅音后发 /z/ girl?girls
bus?buses
box?boxes 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加 -es -es 发 /iz/ 音 watch?watches
fish?fishes
family?families
以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词 变y为i再加 -es factory?factories -ies 发 /iz/ 音
party?patries
day?days
以元音字母加 -y结尾的词 在词尾加 -s boy?boys -s 发 /z/ 音
key?keys
knife?knives
life?lives 以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加 -es -ves发 /vz/音 wife?wives
half?halves
potato?potatoes
以辅音字母加 -o 结尾的词 在词尾加 -es tomato?tomatoes -es 发 /z/ 音
hero?heroes
radio?radios 以元音字母加 -o 结尾的词 在词尾加 -s -s 发 /z/音 zoo?zoos
3.2 名词复数的不规则变化:
ex: tooth?teeth(牙) mouse—mice 老鼠 ox—oxen 公牛 goose—geese 鹅 单复数同形
ex: deer sheep fish chinese japanese swiss means species
3.3 集体名词 以单数名词出现,实际为复数
ex: cattle police people 不能用a+以上名词
ok: a person a policeman ahead of cattle a english a chinese a french
3.4 ex: maths politics physics 都为单数名词(虽然以s结尾)
ex: news 为不可数名词
3.5 有两部分构成的东西
ex: glasses clothes trousers裤子 通常可以用数量词表示: a pair of glasses
3.6 名词的复数形式另有引申意思
ex: foods goods
3.7 定语名词的复数: ex: sports meeting students reading-room talks table
数词+名词 一般名词要单数: two-dozen eggs a ten-mile walk two-hundred trees
1.物质名词
a 当物质名词转换成个体名词时为可数
b 当物质名词表示该物质的种类 名词可数 3.8不可数名 c 当物质名词表示份数 名词可数 词 2.抽象名词 有时候可数
ex fourfreedoms a piece of advice
4.名词所有格
1.一般的,所有格后面为’s
结尾为es或s 的单词 直接加’
2.名词的双重所有格
公式: “a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词”
动词
1. 实意动词
2. 系动词 (有义无义) 不能单独做谓语,后面跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的的状态,性质,特征
2.1 状态系动词 只有be
2.2 持续系动词 keep rest remain stay lie
stand
2.3 表象系动词 seem look appear 2.4 感官系动词 feel smell sound taste 2.5 变化系动词 become turn fall get go
come run
2.6 终止系动词 prove turn out
说明:助动词无实义,不能单独使 用 常用的 be have will shall do 句中的功 should 能 3. 助动词 作用: a,表时态 b,表语态 c,构 成疑问句 d,与not构成否动 定句 e,加强语气 词 分类:a 基本助动词 be do have b 情态助动词 will can ?只做情态动词: may must,can(could),may(might)…… c 半助动词 be about to ?可做情态动词又可做实义动词:
need,dare
?具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) 4. 情态动词
to,used to
?情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定
(must一肯,must not一否,can,
could,would三不定。)
其后是否跟宾语: 及物动词(跟宾语) 5. 短语动词 不及物动词(不可跟宾语) 6. 非谓语动词 时态(一般式,过去式,将来时等) 限定动词( 主谓一致) 和 非限定动词 语态(主动,被动)
代词
分类:
1.人称代词
单数 单数 复数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
他 he him they them
她 she her they them
它 it it they them
不定 one one ones ones
物主代词
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性my your his her its our your their 物主代词
名词性物mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 主代词
指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些 it,such,some 可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语等 反身代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第三人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
themselvethemselvethemselve复数 ourselves yourselves s s s
疑问代词who谁 what什么 which哪个 whose
用法:疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面,在句中可用作主语,宾语,
表语,定语
不定代词
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,s
ome以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。关系代词which……的物
who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句
用法:它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名
词或代词。
相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相
连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever 替代词 one(单数),ones(复数) 用于替代前面出现的同类事物
形容词
定义:形容词是用来修饰名词的词,一般放在所修饰的名词前面。
作用:形容词在句中做定语,表语,宾语补足语
位置:1句中有some any something等不定代词,应放到不定代词的后面
2.有两个或两个以上的词组成的的形容词修饰名词时,放在名词的后面
3.and或or 位置同上.
比较等级
副词
副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。
时间频率 Now,then,often,always,usually,early,once
地点 Here,there,anywhere
方式 Carefully, fast well softly wamly
程度 Much little
疑问 When how where why
关系 When where why
连接 Therefore then when
形容词与副词的比较:
形容词 副词
修饰名词 修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地定义 点、程度、方式等概念的词
1.根据结构:简单形容词和复合形容词 时间和频率
2.根据语法:中心形容词和外围形容词 地点
3.根据词汇意义:动态形容词和静态形容词 方式
4’等级形容词和非等级形容词 程度
疑问 好美小高状旧新 分类
关系 颜色国料类后明 + 名词
连接
抽大高,老形色,国材用
一般:放在名词后面 1) be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动
特殊:1.something anything 等不定代词放词之前。 如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾
到不定代词之后 语之后
2.or and 或两个或两个以上形容词组2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,一般放在被修饰
放到名词后面 词之前,但enough除外。
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词位置顺序: 位置 和助动词的后面。 限定词+数量词〉性质(描
4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整绘) 〉大小长短高矮〉形状〉
个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 年龄,新旧〉颜色〉国籍地
5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副区,出处〉物质材料〉用途
词在前面,时间副词在后面。 类别〉动名词,名词中心词
6)否定副词在句首,句子要部分倒装.
好美小高状旧新 位置顺序:
颜色国料类后明 + 名词 程度副词+方式副词+地点副词
+时间副词
包括一般和不规则的比较等级 一般情况和形容词比较级一致 比较但,以ly结尾的副词,比较级和最高级需用
more most修饰 (early除外) 等级
1.原级比较由“主语+谓语(系动词) +as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+ as ”构成“原级相
同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词原级
+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
2.as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果比较
第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as
“主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词原型(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方比较“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不
定式、sthing结构和ed结构,有时也可省去than。注意丛句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部级 分,而只剩下对比的成分。
1.主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最
名词+表示范围的短语或从句 高级可以不用定冠词the 最高
2.形容词最高级前表示“第二、第三……”时,
可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第级
一”不能用first)
1. most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示1表示几倍 倍数+as…as
“极,很,非常,十分” 2. “the same +名词+as”表示同等比较
2. "The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较3. 比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great
特殊级... 表示“越... 就越...” deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定
3. “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较量,far, completely,still表示程度或更进一用法 级 ”, 表示 “ 越来越... ”。 步
注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为
more and more + 形、副
数词
基数词:表示一般的数词,序数词:第几
语法功能:主语,表语,定语,宾语
基数词 一般为单数,但是 数词+单数(hundred等)表示具体的数值
a,与of连用表示概述,csores of people
b,表示一排或一组的词组
c,年代 in the 数词复数
d,乘法运算 three fives is(are) fifteen
e,不与数词或several连用,可用复数词表示数以百计的,成千上万的
放在another,all 之后 such,more之前
序数词 (1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。如:
(2)表示在原有的基础上增加,即“又一,再一”时,用不定冠词。
(3) 不用冠词的用法如下:
1. 序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词。
2. 表示比赛或考试的名词时,通常省略定冠词。
3. 序数词被用作副词时不用冠词
4. 在某些习语中不用冠词。如at first起初, first of all首先, at first sight乍一看。 另外:
1. 小数表示法 345.456 three four five point four five six
2. 百分数表示法 0.6% 读作 (nought) point six percent
3. 倍数表示法 This room is four times as big as mine 单数+基数词+times
4. 加减乘除式
5. 分数表示法 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths
22/9 twenty-two over nine a/b a over b 或 a divided by b
分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式例如:
a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
6. 年代表示法 the 1980s 20世纪80年代
冠词
不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词
包含 无 a,an The
泛指、类指,只表示名词为特指、专指、类指,名词的特定泛指人或事物、类指 表示 不特定者 (an+元音开头的者
单词 a+辅音开头的单词)
单复 用在单数词 单数,复数,不可数等 单复数
1. 表示泛指,指某类人或事物特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。 1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一
中的“一个” 世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。 般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
2. 表示人或物的某一种类,强某些专有名词,还有复数姓氏。 2.月份、星期、节日 前一般不加冠词
调整体,即以其中的一个代序数词最高级,习惯用语牢记。 (在特指时加冠词)
表一类 3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
3. 指某人或某物(不是指某一补充:1地点、方位、具体的时间4. 进行球类运动
类),但不具体说明何人或2或某天的一部分等 5. 没有特指的物质名词
何物(一般译为“一”)。 3代表一类人或物 6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
4. .表示数量,有“一”的意思,4某些固定的表达法 7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
但数的概念没有One强烈5动词+sb.+介词+the+身8山峰(孤山) 用法 (一般译为“一”) 体某一部位 9.固定词组
5. 表示单位,相当于“每”的意思 6指由普通名词构成的专10.独立结构中的名词不加冠词
6. 用在固定搭配中。 有名词 11. 泛指人类
A. 同一个事物两个不同的属性7. 海洋、江河、湖泊、山12. 在"kind of+名词 sort of+名词"句
可以省略后缀的a 脉、海峡、海湾等地理名式中
B. 两个形容词修饰名词时,不省词前 注意:孤山不加the 13. 指职位、头衔的词(或加the
略冠词表明为两个名词事物.独一职位在某地,用作表/补/同位语;
省略表明一个名词事物两个独立主格作状语,用by短语表方式;
形容词属性 man字一词指人类,对比含义两名词;
C. 自然成对,省略 如刀叉 系词turn+名单数,街/路/期刊与杂志;
具体意义变抽象,as/though之倒装D. 强调比较,不省略
句;
人名/地名/国一词,抽象/物质不特指;
桥名/单岛/单山峰,一专加一普专用
词;
月份/星期/节假日,学科/语言/称呼语;
颜色/病名/五感觉,棋类/球类/三餐词;
复数名词系泛指,固定词组惯用语;
以上情况请记住,其前均用零冠词。
1. 位于下列形容词之后:such,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语
what,many,half 前,但放在all, both,double,half,
2. 当名词前的形容词被副词twice,three times等词之后,名词之
as,so,too,how,however,eno前。
ugh修饰时,不定冠词应放在
形容词之后 eg: so beautiful
位置 a girl
3. quite,rather与单数名词连
用,冠词放在其后quite a lot
4. as,though 引导的让步状语
从句中,当标语为形容词修
饰的名词时,不定冠词放形
容词后
介词prep. 介词
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成份 1. 表示地点位置的介词
at ,in, on, to,above, over, on ,below, under ,in front [frant]of, in the front of beside,behind ,
between
2. 表示时间的介词
in , on,at 在……时 in, after 在……之后 from, since for自从……after, behind 在……之后 3.表示运动方向的介词:
across, through ,past通过,穿过 from...to...从......到...... to, towards, onto, into,out of
up, down over, around along 沿着
4.表示“在……之间”的介词:
in front of ,behind ,on, in, near, under, up
between, among
年、月、年月、季节、周 来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等 用in
在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
关于、基础、靠、著论 on]
收音、农场,值日on
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准 on
特定时间和"一……就",左右on后动名词
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
on May the first 5月1日 on Monday 在星期一 on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 on the morning
thof 18 in the morning 在早上 in the day 在白天 at daybreak 在黎明时候 at six
o'clock 在6点钟 in April 在四月 in 1927 在1927年 in spring 在春季I on) the radio
on the march在行军中=marching on time 准时 in time 及时
l连词
连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类:并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词。连词也可以分为2类:并列连词和从属连词 并列连词 1.and or 前后时态应该保持一致
2.both and 两者都
3.not only….but also 第一个分句有not 而倒装
4.neither…nor 既不….也不….时态为就近原则/
5.either…or 或者…或者..就近原则
6.but 表转折 while表对比
7.for 表示因果 为并列连词,不能放在句首,而放在中间 so,therefore等
8. as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序,应把表语提前。
误用: 了解句子的结构后看
因为连词的种类非常多,有并列连词(连接并列句),有从属连词(引导复合句),而从属连词引导的从句又可分为三类:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。尤其应注意的是有些连词可引导不止一种从句,具有多重功能,这往往是学习的难点,也是易混点。
难点回顾:
1 as可引导多种从句,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句以及定语从句。
[误] Which you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[正] As you can see,he is always ready to help others.
[析]as引导非限制性定语从句,当"正像"讲。
[误] Do like I told you.
[正] Do as I told you.
[析]like是介词; as是连词,在这里作"按照"讲,引导方式状语从句。
[误] He was reading then he was walking.
[正] He was reading as he was walking.
[析]as强调两个动作同时进行,作"一边……一边……"讲。
[误] As he is young,he knows a lot.
[正] Young as he is,he knows a lot.
[析]as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序,应把表语提前。
2.that可引导多种从句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
[误] You don’t like him is none of my business.
[正] That you don’t like him is none of my business.
[析]that引导主语从句,本身无实际意义,但不能省略。
[误] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.
[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
[析]everything是不定代词,因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导。
[误] I am happy as you passed the exam.
[正] I am happy that you passed the exam.
[析]that在形容词后面引导原因状语从句,不能用as。
3.where可引导多种从句,如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。
[误] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it.
[正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.
[析]where引导表语从句,相当于at the place where。
[误] The place where there is water,there is life.
[正] Where there is water,there is life.
[析]where引导地点状语从句,可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面。
[误] I can’t remember in which place I met him.
[正] I can’t remember where I met him.
[析]where引导宾语从句,不能用in which。
4.what可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等。
[误] How an interesting story he told us!
[正] What an interesting story he told us!
[析]What an interesting story~=How interesting a story~
[误] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.
[正] I can’t remember what he told me.
[析]what引导宾语从句,相当于the thing that。
5 no matter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别:前者只能引导让步状语从句,而后者既可引
导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
[误] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.
[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.
[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
[误] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.
[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.
[析] 引导名词性从句时只能用whatever。
6.whether和if的区别:两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词,作"是否"讲,本身不作成分,此时句子
中往往出现表示"不肯定"意义的一些短语,如not sure/certain,not known/decided,...is still question,depend
on等。
whether 和if 引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换,但下列情况一般只能用whether:
(1) 引导介词后的宾语从句;(2)引导主语从句; (3) 引导表语从句;(4)引导同位语从句;(5)
后面出现or not。
[误] If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[正] Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[析]引导主语从句只能用whether。
7.while,when,as 引导时间状语从句时的区别:
while只能表示"在一段时间或过程中",即只能表示时间的"一段",后面一般用进行时或表示状态的结
构;when可以表示一段时间,也可表示时间的"一点";as引导时间状语从句时,表示两个动作同时进行,
作"一边……一边……"讲。
[误] I picked up some French words as I was having a holiday in Paris.
[正] I picked up some French words while I was having a holiday in Paris.
[析]while强调在……过程中;as说明两个动作同时进行。
[误] We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.
[正] We were having classes when someone knocked at the door.
[析]when可表示时间的"一点",而while不能。
8.because,as,since(now that)引导原因状语从句时的区别:
because引导原因状语从句时,表示直接的原因,可以回答why的提问;as只能是一种"附加的"理由,
不能回答why的提问;since(now that)多表示双方都已很清楚的事实,作"既然"讲。
[误] Because we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[正] Since(Now that) we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since(now that)。
9.however和as 引导让步状语从句时的区别:
however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter how,后面跟形容词或副词;as引导让步状语从句时,用倒装语序,即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前,而且如果作表语的是单数名词,前面不加冠词,也可以把谓语动词部分的实义动词提前。
[误] As hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[正] However hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[析]见上述说明。
[误] A model worker he is,he remains modest.
[正] Model worker as he is,he remains modest.
[析]as 引导让步状语从句,前面的单数名词前不加冠词。
典例调研
[例1] You must put things there you can find them.
there?where。此处应由where引导地点状语从句。
[例2] I remember the time as my grandmother was telling stories to me.
as?when。when引导名词性从句,表示"……的时候"。
[例3] A child as he was,he looked quite calm in that difficult situation.
去掉A,child的首字母大写。as引导让步状语从句时,前面作表语的单数名词前不加冠词。
[例4] Don’t make friends with such people that you think are dishonest.
that?as。such...as...搭配在一起用,as引导定语从句。
[例5] He had been admitted by Beijing University made us very happy.
句首加That,把He改为he。that引导名词性从句,本身无实际意义,也不作成分,但不能省略。
10. 两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV,and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg,and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
11. although… yet…,但although不与 but连用。
(错)Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work..
(对)Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.
感叹词:
oh
表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。 Ah
表示惊奇、高兴、讨厌、懊悔、藐视、威胁等,可译为“呀、啊”等。 come
表示鼓励、不耐烦、引起注意、安慰等,可译为“喂、好吧、说吧、得啦”等。 dear
表示后悔、难过、怜悯、同情、吃惊、盼望等,可译为“哎呀、天哪”等。 well
表示快慰、让步、期望、讥讽、解释、责备、犹豫等,可译为“好吧、不过、好啦、嗯”等。 now
表示警告、命令、请求、说明、安慰筹,可译为“喂、喏、好了”等,有时也可不必译出。 there
表示得意、鼓励、同情、悲哀、不耐烦、失望、安慰、挑衅、引起注意等,可译为“哟、瞧、好啦、
得啦”等
boy
表示高兴、兴奋、惊奇等,可译为“嘿、哇、哼、怎么样”等。
ha(惊奇、疑惑、鄙视)aha(得意、惊奇、嘲弄、满意)
hey(喜悦、打招呼)hell(喜悦、惊奇、打招呼)
sh(制止、引起注意)why(吃惊、抗议)
nonsense(胡说) Good heavens(惊异、不高兴)
what、how(多么....)
范文二:英语所有词性总结
2.名词的功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 3.名词的复数
ex: tooth→teeth(牙) mouse—mice 老鼠 ox—oxen 公牛 goose—geese 鹅
单复数同形
ex: deer sheep fish chinese japanese swiss means species
3.3 集体名词 以单数名词出现,实际为复数
ex: cattle police people 不能用a+以上名词
ok: a person a policeman ahead of cattle a english a chinese a french 3.4 ex: maths politics physics 都为单数名词(虽然以s结尾)
ex: news 为不可数名词
3.5 有两部分构成的东西
ex: glasses clothes trousers裤子 通常可以用数量词表示: a pair of glasses 3.6 名词的复数形式另有引申意思
ex: foods
goods
3.7 定语名词的复数: ex: sports meeting students reading-room talks table
数词+名词 一般名词要单数: two-dozen eggs a ten-mile walk two-hundred trees
4.名词所有格
1.一般的,所有格后面为’s 结尾为es或s 的单词 直接加’
2.名词的双重所有格
公式: “a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词”
动词
分类:
用法:疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面,在句中可用作主语,宾语,
表语,定语
不定代词
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。关系代词which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句
用法:它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名
词或代词。
相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相
连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever 替代词 one(单数),ones(复数) 用于替代前面出现的同类事物
定义:形容词是用来修饰名词的词,一般放在所修饰的名词前面。 作用:形容词在句中做定语,表语,宾语补足语
位置:1句中有some any something等不定代词,应放到不定代词的后面 2.有两个或两个以上的词组成的的形容词修饰名词时,放在名词的后面 3.and或or 位置同上. 比较等级
副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
形容词与副词的比较:
基数词:表示一般的数词,序数词:第几 语法功能:主语,表语,定语,宾语
基数词 一般为单数,但是 数词+单数(hundred等)表示具体的数值 a,与of连用表示概述,csores of people b,表示一排或一组的词组 c,年代 in the 数词复数
d,乘法运算 three fives is(are) fifteen
e,不与数词或several连用,可用复数词表示数以百计的,成千上万的 放在another,all 之后 such,more之前
序数词 (1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。如:
(2)表示在原有的基础上增加,即“又一,再一”时,用不定冠词。 (3) 不用冠词的用法如下:
2. 表示比赛或考试的名词时,通常省略定冠词。
另外:
1. 小数表示法 345.456 three four five point four five six 2. 百分数表示法 0.6% 读作 (nought) point six percent
3. 倍数表示法 This room is four times as big as mine 单数+基数词+times 4. 加减乘除式
5. 分数表示法 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths
22/9 twenty-two over nine a/b a over b 或 a divided by b 分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式例如: a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
6. 年代表示法
the 1980s 20世纪80年代
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成份
1. 表示地点位置的介词
at ,in, on, to,above, over, on ,below, under ,in front [frant]of, in the front of beside,behind , between
2. 表示时间的介词
in , on,at 在……时 in, after 在……之后 from, since for自从……after, behind 在……之后
3.表示运动方向的介词:
across, through ,past通过,穿过 from...to...从......到...... to, towards, onto, into,out of up, down over, around along 沿着
4.表示“在……之间”的介词:
in front of ,behind ,on, in, near, under, up between, among
年、月、年月、季节、周 来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某 日则用on),在四季,在第几周等 用in
在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in 特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in 关于、基础、靠、著论 on]
收音、农场,值日on
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准 on 特定时间和"一……就",左右on后动名词 步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
on May the first 5月1日 on Monday 在星期一 on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 on the morning of 18 in the morning 在早上 in the day 在白天 at daybreak 在黎明时候 at six o'clock 在6点钟 in April 在四月 in 1927 在1927年 in spring 在春季I on) the radio on the march在行军中=marching on time 准时 in time 及时
th
并列连词 1.and or 前后时态应该保持一致 2.both and 两者都
3.not only….but also 第一个分句有not 而倒装 4.neither…nor 既不….也不….时态为就近原则/ 5.either…or 或者…或者..就近原则 6.but 表转折 while表对比
7.for 表示因果 为并列连词,不能放在句首,而放在中间 so,therefore等
有多重功能,这往往是学习的难点,也是易混点。
难点回顾:
句以及定语从句。
[误] Which you can see,he is always ready to help others. [正] As you can see,he is always ready to help others. [析]as引导非限制性定语从句,当"正像"讲。 [误] Do like I told you.
[正] Do as I told you.
[误] He was reading then he was walking. [正] He was reading as he was walking.
[析]as强调两个动作同时进行,作"一边……一边……"讲。 [误] As he is young,he knows a lot.
[正] Young as he is,he knows a lot.
2.that可引导多种从句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。 [误] You don’t like him is none of my business.
[正] That you don’t like him is none of my business.
[误] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.
[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
[析]everything是不定代词,因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导。
[误] I am happy as you passed the exam.
[正] I am happy that you passed the exam.
3.where可引导多种从句,如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。
[误] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it. [正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.
[析]where引导表语从句,相当于at the place where。
[误] The place where there is water,there is life.
[正] Where there is water,there is life. [析]where引导地点状语从句,可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面。 [误] I can’t remember in which place I met him.
[正] I can’t remember where I met him.
[析]where引导宾语从句,不能用in which。
4.what可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等。
[误] How an interesting story he told us!
[正] What an interesting story he told us!
[析]What an interesting story!=How interesting a story! [误] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.
[正] I can’t remember what he told me.
[析]what引导宾语从句,相当于the thing that。
5 no matter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别:前者只能引导让步状语从句,而后者既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
[误] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.
[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.
[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
[误] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.
[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.
[析] 引导名词性从句时只能用whatever。
6.whether和if的区别:两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词,作"是否"讲,本身不作成分,此时句子中往往出现表示"不肯定"意义的一些短语,如not sure/certain,not known/decided,...is still question,depend on等。
whether 和if 引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换,但下列情况一般只能用whether:
后面出现or not。
[误] If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[正] Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
[析]引导主语从句只能用whether。 7.while,when,as 引导时间状语从句时的区别:
while只能表示"在一段时间或过程中",即只能表示时间的"一段",后面一般用进行时或表示状态的结构;when可以表示一段时间,也可表示时间的"一点";as引导时间状语从句时,表示两个动作同时进行,作"一边……一边……"讲。
[误] I picked up some French words as I was having a holiday in Paris.
[正] I picked up some French words while I was having a holiday in Paris.
[析]while强调在……过程中;as说明两个动作同时进行。
[误] We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.
[正] We were having classes when someone knocked at the door.
[析]when可表示时间的"一点",而while不能。
8.because,as,since(now that)引导原因状语从句时的区别:
because引导原因状语从句时,表示直接的原因,可以回答why的提问;as只能是一种"附加的"理由,不能回答why的提问;since(now that)多表示双方都已很清楚的事实,作"既然"讲。
[误] Because we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[正] Since(Now that) we’ve finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since(now that)。
9.however和as 引导让步状语从句时的区别:
however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter how,后面跟形容词或副词;as引导让步状语从句时,用倒装语序,即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前,而且如果作表语的是单数名词,前面
[误] As hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[正] However hard he works,he can’t catch up with his classmates.
[析]见上述说明。
[误] A model worker he is,he remains modest.
[正] Model worker as he is,he remains modest.
[析]as 引导让步状语从句,前面的单数名词前不加冠词。
典例调研
[例1] You must put things there you can find them.
there→where。此处应由where引导地点状语从句。
[例2] I remember the time as my grandmother was telling stories to me.
as→when。when引导名词性从句,表示"……的时候"。
[例3] A child as he was,he looked quite calm in that difficult situation.
去掉A,child的首字母大写。as引导让步状语从句时,前面作表语的单数名词前不加冠词。
[例4] Don’t make friends with such people that you think are dishonest.
that→as。such...as...搭配在一起用,as引导定语从句。
[例5] He had been admitted by Beijing University made us very happy.
句首加That,把He改为he。that引导名词性从句,本身无实际意义,也不作成分,但不能省略。
10. 两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV,and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg,and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
11. although… yet…,但although不与 but连用。 (错)Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work..
(对)Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.
oh
表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。 Ah
表示惊奇、高兴、讨厌、懊悔、藐视、威胁等,可译为“呀、啊”等。 come
表示鼓励、不耐烦、引起注意、安慰等,可译为“喂、好吧、说吧、得啦”等。 dear
表示后悔、难过、怜悯、同情、吃惊、盼望等,可译为“哎呀、天哪”等。 well
表示快慰、让步、期望、讥讽、解释、责备、犹豫等,可译为“好吧、不过、好啦、嗯”等。 now 表示警告、命令、请求、说明、安慰筹,可译为“喂、喏、好了”等,有时也可不必译出。 there 表示得意、鼓励、同情、悲哀、不耐烦、失望、安慰、挑衅、引起注意等,可译为“哟、瞧、好啦、得啦”等 boy
表示高兴、兴奋、惊奇等,可译为“嘿、哇、哼、怎么样”等。
ha(惊奇、疑惑、鄙视)aha(得意、惊奇、嘲弄、满意)
hey(喜悦、打招呼)hell(喜悦、惊奇、打招呼)
sh(制止、引起注意)why(吃惊、抗议)
nonsense(胡说) Good heavens(惊异、不高兴)
what、how(多么....)
范文三:所有英语单词词性缩写
所有英语语语语性语写
prep = 介系语~前置语~preposition的语 写pron = 代名语~pronoun的语 写n = 名语~noun的语 写
v = 语语~兼指及物语语和不及物语语~verb的语 写
conj = 语接语 ~conjunction的语 写s = 主语
sc = 主语语语
o = 受语
oc = 受语语语
vi = 不及物语语~intransitive verb的语 写vt = 及物语语~transitive verb的语 写aux.v = 助语语 ~auxiliary的语 写a = 形容语~adjective的语 写
ad = 副语~adverb的语 写
art = 冠语~article的语 写
num = 数语~numeral的语 写
int = 感语语~interjection的语 写
u = 不可名语~数uncountable noun的语 写c = 可名语~数countable noun的语 写pl = 语~数plural的语 写
语语 气int.
语语 写abbr.
abbr abbreviation(略)略语
adj, adjjadjective(s)(形)形容语 adv, advvadverb(s)(副)副语 adv partadverbial particle(副接)副语接语 aux auxiliary(助)助语语
cn countable noun(可数)可名语 数conj conjunction(语)语接
def art definite article(定冠)定冠语 egfor example(例如)例如
esp especially(尤指)尤指
etc and the others(等)等等
ie which is to say(意即)意 即
indef art indefinite article(不定冠语)不定冠语
inf infinitive(不定语)不定语
int interjection(感)感语语
n noun(s) (
)名语
neg negative(ly)(否定)否定的(地) part adj participial adjective(分形)分语形容语 pers person(人称)人 称
pers pron personal pronoun(人代称)人代名语 称pl plural(
)语数(的)
pp past participle (语去分语)语去分语 pref prefix(字首)字首
prep preposition(al) (介语)介语~介系语~介语的
pron pronoun (代)代名语
pt past tense(语去)语去式
sb somebody(某人)某人
sing singular(语)语数(的)
sth something(某事物)某物或某事 suff suffix(字尾)字尾
un uncountable noun(不可数)不可名语 数US America(n)(美)美国(的)
vverb(s) (语)语语
[VP]Verb Pattern(语型)语语语型 v iverb intransitive(不及物语语)不及物语语 vt verb transitive (及物语语)及物语语
范文四:英语所有词性知识点试题
名词
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式, 只+’, 而不能+s,因此选
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词, 表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”. 应
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡, 用作不可数名词指鸡肉, 根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple 为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number B. rooms’ number
C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers
解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.
副词
1. He is a great sportsman. He runs ______.
A.quick B.slow C.quickly
2. The girl is______ kind.
A. very B. much C.very much
3. I ____go to school by bike.
A.very B.often C.much
时态
正在进行时
1. What _____ you doing now?
A.are B. am C.is
2. Jony is ______.
A.run B.runing C.running
3. Look! The rabbit is ______.
A.jump B.jumping C.jumps
一般现在时
1. We often___________ in the playgound.
A.play B.playing C.plays
2. He always _________up at six o’clock.
A.get B.gets C.getting
3. Mike sometimes __________to the park with his sister.
A. go B.goes. C.going
一般将来时
1. She is going to ________ after school.
A. listening to music B. listens to music C. listen to music
2. We _______ in Beijing tomorrow.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. arriving
3. The students ________ dumplings next Monday.
A. is going to makeing B. are making C. will make
句型
特殊疑问句
1. _____do you go to school everyday?―On foot.
A.How B. When C. Where
2. _____do you go to bed ?―At about 11:00.
A. Which B. Why C. When
3. _____books do you have? —Five books.
A. How many B.How much C.How
一般疑问句
1. Are Kate and Jane going to see a film? ______.
A. Yes, she is B. Yes, they are C.No, they are
2. Will they have a party? _______.
A. Yes,they won't B.No, they will C. Yes,they will
3. Are you a beautiful girl? ______.
A. Yes, I are B. No,I am C. No,I'm not
冠词
( )1.There is a desk by the window. On_______desk there is_____exercise book.
A.a; the B.the; the C.an; a D.the; an
( )2.There is_______"h"in the word "honest."
A.a B.the C.an D. 不填
( )3.They went to_______Summer Palace yesterday and stayed there for_______day.
A.the; a B.the; the C. 不填; a D.the; 不填
( )6.She is going to play_______piano at the concert this evening.
A.a B.an C.the D. 不填
( )7.Most boys like playing_______football.
A.a B.an C.the D. 不填
( )8.Let's go and watch the children play______chess.
A.a B.an C.the D. 不填
( )9._____elephant is bigger than________ horse
A. 不填; 不填 B.an; a C.An; a D.The; a
( )10.Is Tom going to have_______X-ray check?
A.a B.an C.the D. 不填
( )11.They have_________rice for________lunch every day.
A. 不填; 不填 B.the; the C.the; a D. 不填; the
( )12.We did_______experiment last week. It was _______useful one.
A.the; the B.an; a C.an; the D.the; an
( )13.Beijing is one of________most beautiful cities in ________world.
A.a; the B.the; 不填 C.the; the D. 不填; the
( )14.February is__________second month of the year
A.a B.an C. 不填 D.the
( )15.----How did you go there?
----We went there by_______bus.
A.a B.an C.the D. 不填
介词
( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.
A. On B. At C. In
( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.
A. on at B. in in C. in at
( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students.
A. between B. with C. among
( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days.
A. after B. for C. in
( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by B. for C. with
( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
( )9.____ my father?ˉs help, I have finished my composition.
A. Under B. On C. with
形容词及比较级
big ______ ______ small ______ ________ new ______ ________ tall ______ ______ short______ ________ old______ ________ weak ______ ______ strong ______ ______ fat______ ________ hot ______ ______ cold ______ ________ thin ______ ________ nice ______ _____ good ______ ________ high______ ________ bad ______ ______ much ______
________ low______ ________ well ______ ______ far ______ ________ little ______ ________ cheap______ ______ easy ______ ________ ugly ______ ________ heavy ______ ______ cute ______ ________ fine______ ________ early ______ _____ tidy______ ________ bright______ ________ large ______ ______ happy ______ _______ pretty______ ________ young _______ _______wet _____ _______ long______ _______ clean_______ _______ dirty_____ ______ lovely______ _________ famous________ __________ boring __________ _____________ interesting ________ __________ important ________ ____________
一.单项选择
2.Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.
A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse
9.the population of Shangdong is__ than that Sichuan.
A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large
10.I didn’t go shopping yesterday.He didn’t __.
A. so B. either C. too C. neither
11.___ delicious the food is!
A.How B . how a C. What D. What a
12. What animal do like ___? I like all kinds of animals.
A. better B. best C. very D. well
13.Hainan is a very large island. It’t the second__ island in China.
A.large B. larger C. largest D. most large
15.A horse is __ than a dog.
A. much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy
16.Which is __ season in Beijing? I think it’s spring. A.good B.well C. best D.the best
二. 用所给词的恰当形式填空。
1、The Changjiang River is the_____(long)river in China.
2、Sue is a little_____(beautiful) than her sister
5--Annie plays the piano very______(well).Sue plays it _____(well)than Annie. And Sally plays it the_____(well).
6、Saturday is my______(busy)day in a week.
7、Her mother is getting _________(fat)and _______(fat).
数词
( )1.There are ___________ days in a year.
A .three hundred and sixty five B.three hundred and sixty-five
C .three hundreds and sixty five D.three hundreds and sixty—five
( )2.My telephone number is ____________.
A .eighty eight two forty four zero nine B .eight eight two double four O nine C .eighty eight two forty-four zero nine D .eight eight two four four zero nine
( )4.—What day is today? — ___________
A . June B.Tuesday C.It is hot D.It ’s fine
( )5.—What ’s the date today? — _______
A . It ’s Saturday B.It ’s July C.It ’s fine D.It ’s July 15
( )6.—What time do you get up every day?
A .It ’s seven o’clock B.Seven o’clock time C .At seven D .On seven
( )8. December is and last month in a year.
A.the twelveth B.twelve C.the twelfth D.twelft
( )10.This is her birthday, I think.
A.twenty B.twentieth C.the twentieth D.the twenty’s
范文五:所有英语单词词性缩写
所有英语单词词性缩写 conj conjunction(连)连接 prep = 介系词;前置词,preposition的缩写 def art definite article(定冠)定冠词 pron = 代名词,pronoun的缩写 egfor example(例如)例如 n = 名词,noun的缩写 esp especially(尤指)尤指 v = 动词,兼指及物动词和不及物动词,verb的缩写 etc and the others(等)等等 conj = 连接词 ,conjunction的缩写 ie which is to say(意即)意即 s = 主词 indef art indefinite article(不定冠词)不定冠词 sc = 主词补语 inf infinitive(不定词)不定词 o = 受词 int interjection(感)感叹词 oc = 受词补语 n noun(s) (名)名词
vi = 不及物动词,intransitive verb的缩写 neg negative(ly)(否定)否定的(地) vt = 及物动词,transitive verb的缩写 part adj participial adjective(分形)分词形容词 aux.v = 助动词 ,auxiliary的缩写 pers person(人称)人称 a = 形容词,adjective的缩写 pers pron personal pronoun(人称代)人称代名词 ad = 副词,adverb的缩写 pl plural(复)复数(的) art = 冠词,article的缩写 pp past participle (过去分词)过去分词 num = 数词,numeral的缩写 pref prefix(字首)字首
int = 感叹词,interjection的缩写 prep preposition(al) (介词)介词,介系词,介词的 u = 不可数名词,uncountable noun的缩写 pron pronoun (代)代名词 c = 可数名词,countable noun的缩写 pt past tense(过去)过去式 pl = 复数,plural的缩写 sb somebody(某人)某人 语气词 int. sing singular(单)单数(的) 缩写词 abbr. sth something(某事物)某物或某事 abbr abbreviation(略)略语 suff suffix(字尾)字尾
adj, adjjadjective(s)(形)形容词 un uncountable noun(不可数)不可数名词 adv, advvadverb(s)(副)副词 US America(n)(美)美国(的) adv partadverbial particle(副接)副词接语 vverb(s) (动)动词
aux auxiliary(助)助动词 [VP]Verb Pattern(动型)动词类型 cn countable noun(可数)可数名词 v iverb intransitive(不及物动词)不及物动词
vt verb transitive (及物动词)及物动词