范文一:电气配管
“电气配管(钢管)的价格? DN15/米 DN20/米” 答:电气配管(钢管)的价格,不同厂家、厚度不同、价格不同: DN15:厚1.2mm 6.25~6.50元/m;厚1.5mm 7.90~8.30元/m;厚2.0mm 11.00~12.50元/m; DN20:厚1.2mm 8.15~8.45元/m;厚1.5mm 10.50~11.10元/m;厚2.0mm 14.50~15.80元/m;
提问者对最佳答案的评价: 1星
DN15/米 7.04 DN20/米 9.13
电线管为镀锌钢导管,KBG管为套接扣压式镀锌钢导管,JDG为套接紧定式镀锌钢导管,现在最常用的应为JDG管. JDG管(套接紧定式镀锌钢导管、电气安装用钢性金属平导管) 是一种电气线路最新型保护用导管,连接套管及其金属附件采用螺钉紧定连接技术组成的电线管路,无需做跨接地,焊接和套丝,是明敷暗敷绝缘电线专用保护管路的最佳选择。 JDG是套接紧定式钢导管 套接紧定式镀锌钢导管(JDG 导管)是取代PVC 管和SC 管等各类传统电线导管的换代产品,是建筑电器领域采用材料、新技术的一项突破性革新,JDG 管采用镀锌钢管和薄壁钢管的跨接接地线不应采用熔焊连接以及金属导管施工复杂、施工成本和材料成本高等特点,并同时针对PVC 管易老化和防火性能差及接地麻烦等缺点进行设计制造的,是电线电缆的保护神,尤其适用于智能建筑综合布线系统。 JDG管=规格外经为16-50mm KBG为扣压式镀锌薄壁电线管,其连接是用扣压钳子,将管道和管件压出小坑,紧密连接。 JDG为紧定式镀锌薄壁电线管,其连接靠管件顶丝顶紧管道,达到紧密连接。其以上两种产品,全国各省市均有不同厂家,不同品牌在生产。扣压紧定与套接紧定 KGB管壁厚与JDG 有很大区别,JDG 除了16的管壁厚为1.2以外,其余全部为1.6。KBG 管壁厚和管大小有关。大于16的也有1.2的,更有的1.0的也有 KBG管是SC 管的更新换代产品 所以只需要考虑PVC 管和KBG 管 很多情况下两者都可以用 但是做人防和消防的配电、弱电管线用KBG 管 特别出入人防防护区的KBG 管要求壁厚不小于2.5mm SC 为焊接钢管, 在明敷设时(包括地埋)内外壁要做防腐处理,SC 是规范上的焊管,而且是厚壁的,壁厚通常不小于3mm , SC 是厚壁镀锌钢管,用于地下室电气敷管 TC 是电工管,用于地上电气敷管 以上两种管在混凝土暗敷时均不用做内防腐 kbg套接扣压式电冷镀锌钢 导线管,采用优质冷轧带钢,经高精度焊管机高频焊接而成,双面 镀锌保护,壁厚均匀,焊缝光滑,管口边缘平滑无毛刺,穿线安全 快速 。特点以薄代厚重量轻,,有效降低工程造价,搬运方便, 内 焊缝光滑, 防火、防触电能力好,屏蔽性能和抗干扰性能好, 可用于 通讯. 控制. 网络综合布线穿管. 产品分kbg 镀锌白管和kbg 镀锌彩管。 产品与本公司kbg 接头配套使用。产品如需打弯,可配套本公司kbg 弯头连接。产品连接时无需做跨接线,简化施工程序。成品外径分 为16mm 、20mm 、25mm 、32mm 、40mm 、50mm ,壁厚为1.2mm ,标准长度 为4000mm 。 KBG 套接扣压式电冷镀锌钢导线管,采用优质冷轧带钢,经高精度焊管机高频焊接而成,双面镀锌保护,壁厚均匀,焊缝光滑,管口边缘 JDG管和SC 管有区别 JDG是套接紧定式钢导管 套接紧定式镀锌钢导管(JDG 导管)是取代PVC 管和SC 管等各类传统电线导管的换代产品,是建筑电器领域采用材料、新技术的一项突破性革新,JDG 管采用镀锌钢管和薄壁钢管的跨接接地线不应采用熔焊连接以及金属导管施工复杂、施工成本和材
料成本高等特点,并同时针对PVC 管易老化和防火性能差及接地麻烦等缺点进行设计制造的,是电线电缆的保护神,尤其适用于智能建筑综合布线系统。 SC是厚壁钢管 SC管是焊接钢管,俗称黑铁管,是厚壁钢管,用于暗敷设或强度要求高的场所,施工时多用在楼板墙内。
按重量计算: 15、20、25的均为4906.68元/吨, 40的为4855.48元/吨,各个地区不太一样,参照当地造价信息。
以下皆是成本价阻燃塑料电线 ZRBV-450/750 2.5mm2 米 1.9元/m 阻燃铜芯电力电缆 ZRYJV-0.6/0.1KV 5*10mm2 米阻燃铜芯电力电缆 ZRYJV-0.6/0.1KV 5*4mm2 米成套照明箱 500*400 套 配电箱价格没法算,看里边的回路了。像这么大的一般配电箱 500*400 台 最多3000元。 PVC阻燃管 DN16 米 2.3 PVC阻燃管 DN20 米 3.2 塑料电线
BV-450/750 2.5mm2 米 1.8 塑料电线 BV-450/750 4mm2 米 2.9 暗装接线盒 1.1元/个单联暗开关 17元/套双联暗开关 22元/套三联暗开关 26元/套单相五孔插座 15元/套单相空调插座 17元/套应急灯 155元/套吸顶节能灯 65元/套应急荧光灯 140元/套安全出口标志灯 55元/套疏散指示灯 55元/套单管荧光灯 78元/套双管荧光灯 105元/套
范文二:电气配管
一、适用范围
本节适用于电气工程的配管、配线工程。配管包括电线管敷设,钢管及防爆钢管敷设, 可挠金属管敷设,塑料管 (硬质聚氯乙烯管、刚性阻燃管、半硬质阻燃管 ) 敷设。配线包括管 内穿线,瓷夹板配线,塑料夹板配线,鼓形、针式、蝶式绝缘子配线,木槽板、塑料槽板配 线,塑料护套线敷设,线槽配线。
二、本节各预算基价子目均包括下列工作内容:
1. 电线管砖、混凝土结构明配:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺栓、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、 接地、刷漆。
2. 电线管砖、混凝土结构暗配:测位、划线、打眼、刨沟、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、 接地、刷漆。
3. 电线管钢结构支架、钢索配管:测位、划线、打眼、上卡子、安装支架、锯管、套丝、 煨弯、配管、接地、刷漆。
4. 钢管砖、混凝土结构明配:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺栓、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、 接地、刷漆。
5. 钢管砖、混凝土结构暗配:测位、划线、打眼、刨沟、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、接 地、刷漆。
6. 钢管钢模板暗配:测位、划线、钻孔、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、接地、刷漆。
7. 钢管钢结构支架配管:测位、划线、打眼、上卡子、安装支架、锯管、套丝、煨弯、 配管、接地、刷漆。
8. 钢管钢索配管:测位、划线、锯管、套丝、煨弯、上卡子、配管,接地、刷漆。
9. 防爆钢管砖、混凝土结构明配:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺栓、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配 管、接地、气密性试验、刷漆。
10. 防爆钢管砖、混凝土结构暗配:测位、划线、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、接地、气密 性试验、刷漆。
11. 防爆钢管钢结构支架配管:测位、划线、打眼、安装支架、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、 接地、试压、刷漆。
12. 塔器照明配管:测位、划线、锯管、套丝、煨弯、配管、支架制作安装、试压、补焊 口漆。
13. 可挠金属套管砖、混凝土结构暗配:测位、划线、刨沟、断管、配管、固定、接地、 清理、填补。
14. 可挠金属套管顶棚内暗配:测位、划线、断管、配管、固定、接地。
15. 硬聚氯乙烯管砖、混凝土结构明暗配:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺栓、锯管、煨弯、接 管、配管。
16. 硬聚氯乙烯管钢索配管:测位、划线、锯管、煨弯、接管、配管。
17. 刚性阻燃管砖、混凝土结构明配:测位、划线、打眼、下胀管、连接管件、配管、安 螺钉,切割空心墙体、刨沟、抹砂浆保护层。
18. 刚性阻燃管顶棚内敷设:测位、划线、打眼、下胀管、接管、配管。
19. 半硬质阻燃管暗配:测位、划线、打眼、刨沟、敷设、抹砂浆保护层。
20. 半硬质阻燃管埋地敷设:测位、划线、挖土、敷设、填实土方。
21. 金属软管敷设:量尺寸、断管、连接接头、钻眼、攻丝、固定。
22. 塑料线槽安装:定位、打眼、支架安装、本体固定。
23. 防火线槽安装:定位、打眼、支架安装、本体固定、接地跨接、补漆。
24. 管内穿线:穿引线、扫管、涂滑石粉、穿线、编号、接焊包头。
25. 瓷夹板木结构配线:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、上瓷夹、配线、焊接包头。
26. 瓷夹板砖、混凝土结构配线:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺栓、下过墙管、上瓷夹、配线、 焊接包头。
27. 瓷夹板砖、混凝土结构粘接:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、配料、粘接瓷夹、配线、 焊接包头。
28. 塑料夹板配线:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、配料、固定线夹、配线、焊接包头。 29. 鼓形绝缘子木结构、顶棚内及砖、混凝土结构配线:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺钉、钉 木楞、下过墙管、上绝缘子、配线、焊接包头。
30. 鼓形绝缘子沿钢支架及钢索配线:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、安装支架、上绝缘 子、配线、焊接包头。
31. 针式绝缘子沿屋架、梁、柱、墙配线:测位、划线、打眼、安装支架、下过墙管、上 绝缘子、配线、焊接包头。
32. 针式绝缘子跨屋架、梁、柱配线,蝶式绝缘子沿屋架、梁、柱配线,蝶式绝缘子跨屋 架、梁、柱配线:测位、划线、打眼、安装支架、下过墙管、上绝缘子、配线、焊接包头。 33. 木槽板木结构配线:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、断料、做角弯、装盒子、配线、 焊接包头。
34. 木槽板砖混凝土结构配线:测位、划线、打眼、埋螺钉、下过墙管,断料、做角弯、 装盒子、配线、焊接包头。
35. 塑料槽板配线:测位、打眼、埋螺钉、下过墙管、断料、做角弯、装盒子、配线、焊 接包头。
36. 塑料护套线沿木结构明敷设:测位、划线、打眼、下过墙管、上卡子、装盒子、配线、 焊接包头。
37. 塑料护套线沿砖、混凝土结构明敷设:测位、划线、打眼,埋螺钉、下过墙管、上卡 子、装盒子、配线、焊接包头。
38. 塑料护套线沿钢索明敷设:测位、划线、上卡子、装盒子、配线、焊接包头。
39. 塑料护套线沿砖、混凝土结构粘接:测位、划线、打眼,下过墙管、配料、粘接底板、 上卡子、装盒子、配线、焊接包头。
40. 线槽配线:清扫线槽、放线、编号、对号、接焊包头。
41. 车间带形母线沿屋架、梁、柱、墙安装:打眼、支架安装、绝缘子灌注、安装、母线 平直、煨弯、钻孔、连接、架设、夹具、木夹板制作安装、刷分相漆。
42. 车间带形母线跨屋架、梁、柱安装:打眼、支架安装、绝缘子灌注、安装、母线平直、 煨弯、钻孔、连接、架设、夹具、木夹板、拉紧装置制作安装、刷分相漆。
43. 钢索架设:测位、断料、调直、架设、绑扎、拉紧、刷漆。
44. 母线拉紧装置及钢索拉紧装置制作、安装:下料、钻眼、煨弯、组装、测位、打眼、 埋螺栓、连接、固定、刷漆。
45. 动力配管混凝土地面刨沟:测位、划线、刨沟、清理、填补。
46. 接线箱安装:测位、打眼、埋螺栓、箱子开孔、刷漆、固定。
47. 接线盒安装:测定、固定、修孔。
48. 配管砖墙刨沟:测位、划线、刨沟、清理、填补。
三、编制工程量清单时,各清单项目应包括以下工程内容:
1. 电气配管:刨沟槽,钢索架设 (拉紧装置安装 ) ,支架制作、安装,电线管路敷设,接线 盒 (箱 ) 、灯头盒、开关盒、插座盒安装,防腐油漆,接地。
2. 线槽安装:安装,油漆。
3. 电气配线:支持体 (夹板、绝缘子、槽板等 ) 安装,支架制作、安装,钢索架设 (拉紧装 置安装 ) ,配线,管内穿线。
四、编制清单时对以下项目特征应加以说明:
1. 电气配管:名称,材质,规格,配置形式及部位。
2. 线槽:材质,规格。
3. 电气配线:配线形式,导线型号,材质、规格,敷设部位或线制。
五、工程计价时应注意的问题:
1. 鼓形绝缘子沿钢支架及钢索配线基价未包含支架制作、 钢索架设及拉紧装置制作安装。
2. 针式绝缘子、蝶式绝缘子配线基价未包含支架制作。
3. 塑料护套线沿钢索明敷设基价未包含钢索架设及拉紧装置制作安装。
4. 钢索架设基价未包含拉紧装置制作安装。
5. 车间带形母线安装基价未包含支架制作及母线伸缩器制作安装。
6. 管内穿线的线路分支接头线的长度已综合考虑在基价中,不得另行计算。
7. 照明线路中的导线截面大于或等于 6mm2时,应执行动力线路穿线相应子目。
8. 灯具、明暗开关、插销、按钮等的预留线,已分别综合在有关预算基价内,不另行计 算。
范文三:电气配管
电气配管
一、适用范围
适用于照明与动力配线的钢管明、暗敷设及吊顶内和护墙板内钢管敷设工程。
二、施工准备
2. 1 技术准备
参加“20.3硬质组燃型绝缘导管明敷设工程”第20.3.2.1条。
2.2 材料要求
1.钢管壁厚均匀,焊缝均匀,无劈裂、砂眼、棱刺和凹扁现象。除镀锌管外其他管材需预先除锈刷防腐漆,现浇混凝土内敷设时,应除锈,内壁做防腐,外壁可不刷防腐漆。镀锌管或刷过防腐漆的钢管外表层完整无脱落,有产品合格证。
2.使用通丝管箍。丝扣清晰、不乱扣,镀锌层完整无脱落、无劈裂,两端光滑、无毛刺,有产品合格证。
3.锁紧螺母(根母)外形完好无损,丝扣清晰,有产品合格证。
4.薄、厚管专用护口要完整无损,有产品合格证。
5.金属灯头盒、开关盒、接线盒等,盒板厚度应符合国标图集的要求,镀锌层无脱落,无变形开焊,敲落孔完整无缺,面板安装孔与地线焊接脚齐全,有产品合格证。
6. 面板、盖板的规格型号与所用盒配套,外形完整无损,颜色均匀一致,有产品合格证。
7.圆钢、扁钢、角钢等材质应符合国家有关规范要求,镀锌层完整无损,并有产品合格证。
8.螺栓、螺丝、胀管螺栓、螺母、垫圈等应采用镀锌件。
9.其他材料(如铅丝、电焊条、防锈漆、水泥、机油等)无过期变质现象。
2.3 主要机具
1.煨管器、液压煨管器、液压开孔器、压力案子、套丝板、套管机。
2.手锤、錾子、钢锯、半圆锉、圆锉、活扳子、鱼尾钳、JDG、KBG管专用工具。
3.铅笔、皮尺、水平尺、线坠、灰铲、灰桶、水壶、油桶、油刷、粉线袋、高凳等。
4.手电钻、台钻、钻头、拉铆枪、绝缘手套、工具袋、工具箱等。
2.4 作业条件
1.暗管敷设
(1)各层水平线和墙厚度线弹好,配合土建施工。
(2)预制混凝土板上配管,在做地面以前弹好水平线。
(3)现浇混凝土板内配管,在底层钢筋绑扎完后,上层钢筋未绑扎前,根据施工图尺寸位置,配合土建施工。
(4)预制大楼板就位完毕,及时配合土建在整理板缝锚固筋时,将管路弯曲连接部位按要求做好。
(5)预制空心板,配合土建就位同时配管。
(6)随墙(砌体)配合施工立管。
(7)随大模板现浇混凝土墙配管,土建钢筋网片绑扎完毕,按墙体线配管。
2. 明管敷设
(1)配合土建结构安装好预埋件。
(2)配合上建内装修油漆、浆活完成后进行明配管。采用胀管安装时,应在土建抹灰完成后进行。
3.吊顶内或护墙板内管路敷设
(1)结构施工时,配合土建安装好预埋件。
(2)内部装修施工时,配合土建做好吊顶灯位及电器具位置翻样图,并在顶板或地面弹出实际位置。
三、施工工艺
3.1 工艺流程
1.暗管敷设
3.2 操作工艺
1.暗管敷设
(1)基本要求
1)敷设于多尘和潮湿场所的电线管路、管口、管子连接处均做密封处理。
2)暗配的电线管路宜沿最近路线敷设并应减少弯曲;埋人墙或混凝土内的管,距砌体表面的净距不应小于15mm。
3)进入落地式配电箱的管路,排列应整齐,管口应高出基础面50mm~80mm。
4)埋入地下的电线管路不宜穿过设备基础,在穿过建筑物基础时,应加保护管。
(2)预制加工:根据设计图,加工好各种盒、箱、管弯。钢管煨弯可采用冷煨法。
1)冷煨法:一般管径为20mm及以下时,用手扳煨管器。尢将管子插入煨管器,逐步煨出所需弯度。管径为25mm及以上时,使用液压煨管器,先将管子放入模具,扳动煨管器,
煨出所需弯度。
2)切管:管子切断常用钢锯、无齿锯、砂轮锯,将需要切断的管子长度量准确,放在钳口内卡牢切割,断口处应平齐不歪斜,管口刮锉光滑,无毛刺,清除管内铁屑。
3)套丝:采用套丝板、套管机,根据管外径选择相应板牙,将管子用台虎钳或龙门压架钳紧牢,再把绞板套在管端,均匀用力,不得过猛,随套随浇冷却液,套丝不乱不过长,清除渣屑,丝扣干净清晰。管径20mm及以下时,应分二板套成;管径在25mm及以上时,应分三板套成。
(3)测定盒、箱位置:根据设计图确定盒、箱轴线位置,以土建弹出的水平线为基准,挂线找平,线坠找正,标出盒、箱实际尺寸位置。
(4)稳注盒、箱
1)稳注盒、箱:稳注盒、箱要求灰浆饱满,平整牢固,坐标正确,现浇混凝土板墙中盒、箱需加支铁固定,盒、箱底距外墙面小于30mm时,需加金属网固定后再抹灰,防止空裂。
2)稳注灯头盒:预制圆孔板(或其他顶板)开灯位洞时,测出位置后用錾子由下往上剔,洞口大小比灯头盒外口略大lOmm~20mm,灯头盒焊好卡铁,用豆石混凝土稳注好,用托板托牢,待凝固后,即可拆除托板。
现浇混凝土楼板,将盒子堵好随底板钢筋固定牢,管路配好后,随土建浇筑混凝土施工同时完成。
(5)管路连接
1)连接方法
①管箍丝扣连接。套丝不得有乱扣,必须使用通丝管箍。上好管箍后,管口应对严,外露丝不多于2扣。
②套管连接宜用于暗配管,套管长度为连接管径的2.2倍;连接管口的对口处应在套管的中心,焊口应焊接牢固严密。
2)管与管的连接
①镀锌和壁厚小于等于2mm的钢导管,必须用螺纹连接、紧固连接、卡套连接等,不得套管焊连接,严禁对口熔焊连接。管口锉光滑平整,接头应牢固紧密。
②管路超过下列长度,应加装接线盒,其位置应便于穿线。无弯时,30m;有一个弯时,20m;有2个弯时,15m;有3个弯时,8m。
③电气管线与其他管道间应保持一定距离。
3)管进盒、箱要求
①盒、箱开孔应整齐并与管径相吻合,一管一孔,不得开长孔。金属盒、箱严禁用电、气焊开孔,并应刷防锈漆。如用定型盒、箱,其敲落孔大而管径小时,可用铁皮垫圈垫严或用砂浆加石膏补平齐,不得露洞。
②管人盒、箱,暗配管可用跨接地线焊接固定在盒棱边或专用接地爪上,管口不宜与敲落孔焊接,管口露出盒、箱应小于5mm。有锁紧螺母者,露出锁紧螺母的丝扣为2-3扣。两根以-亡管人盒、箱要长短一致,间距均匀,排列整齐。
(6)暗管敷设方式
1)随墙(砌体)配管:砖墙、加气混凝土墙、空心砖墙配合砌墙立管时,管最好置于墙中心,管口向上者要堵好。为使盒子平整,标高准确,可将管先立至距盒200mm左右处,然后将盒子稳好,再接短管。短管人盒、箱端可不套丝,可用跨接线焊接固定,管口与盒、箱里口平。向上引管有吊顶时,管上端应煨成90°弯直进吊顶内。由顶板向下引管不宜过长,待砌隔墙时,先稳盒后接短管。
2)模板混凝土墙配管:可将盒、箱固定在该墙的钢筋上,接着敷管。每隔lm左右,用铅丝绑扎牢。管进盒、箱要煨灯叉弯。向上引管不宜过长,以能煨弯为准。管人开关、插座
等小盒,可不套丝,但应做好跨接线。
3)现浇混凝土楼板配管:测好灯位,根据房间四周墙的厚度,弹㈩十字线,将堵好的盒子固定牢,然后敷管。有两个以上盒子时,要拉盲线。管进盒长度要适宜,管路每隔1m左右用铅丝绑扎牢,如有吊扇、花灯或超过3kg的灯具应焊好吊钩。
4)素土内配管可用混凝土、砂浆保护,也町缠两层玻璃布,刷三道沥青油加以保护。在管路下先用石块垫起50mm,尽量减少接头,管箍丝扣连接处抹铅油缠麻拧牢。
(7)变形缝处理
1)变形缝处理做法:变形缝两侧各预埋一个接线箱,先把管的一端固定在接线箱上,另一侧接线箱底部的垂直方向开长孔径,其孔长度不小于被接入管直径的2倍。两侧连接好补偿跨接地线,如图20-7。
2)普通接线箱在地板上(下)部做法
①普通接线箱在地板上(下)部做法(一式)
箱体底口距离地面应不小于300mm,管路弯曲90°后,管进箱应加内外锁紧螺母;在板下部时,接线箱距顶板距离应不小于150mm,如图20-8。
②普通接线箱在地板上(下)部做法(二式)
摹本做法同(一式),(二式)采用的是直筒式接线箱,如图20-9。
(8)地线连接
管路应做整体接地连接,穿过建筑物变形缝时,应有接地补偿装置,采用跨接方法连接。
1)焊接:跨接地线两端双面焊接,焊接面不得小于该跨接线截面的6倍,焊缝均匀牢固,焊接处要清除药皮,刷防腐漆。跨接线的规格见表20-15。
2)卡接:镀锌钢管或可挠金属电线保护管,应用专用接地线卡连接,不得采用熔焊连接
地线。
2. 明管敷设
(1)基本要求
根据设计图加工支架、吊架、抱箍等铁件以及各种盒、箱、弯管。明管敷设工艺与暗管敷设工艺相同处请见相关部分。在多粉尘、易爆等场所敷管,应按设计和有关防爆规程施工。
(2)管弯、支架、吊架预制加工
明配管弯曲半径一般不小于管外径的6倍,如有一个弯时,可不小于管外径的4倍。加工方法可采用冷煨法和热煨法,支架、吊架应按设计图要求进行加工。支架、吊架的规格设计无规定时,应不小于以下规定:扁铁支架30×3mm;角钢支架25×25×3mm;埋注支架应有燕尾,埋注深度应不小于120mm。
(3)测定盒、箱及固定点位置
1)根据设计图首先测出盒、箱与出线口等的准确位置。测量时最好使用自制尺杆。
2)根据测定的盒、箱位置,把管路的垂直、水平走向弹出线,按照安装标准规定的固定点间距尺寸要求,计算确定支架、吊架的具体位置。
3)固定点的距离应均匀,管卡与终端、转弯中点、电气器具或接线盒边缘的距离为150mm~500mm;中间的管卡最大距离见表20-16。
(4)固定方法:有胀管法、木砖法、预埋铁件焊接法、稳注法、剔注法、抱箍法。
(5)盒、箱固定:由地面引出管路至盘、箱,需在盘、箱下侧100mm~150mm处加稳固支架,将管固定在支架上。盒、箱安装应牢固乎整,开孔整齐,与管径吻合,一管一孔。铁制盒、箱严禁用电、气焊开孔。
(6)管路敷设与连接
1)敷设
①管路应畅通、顺直、内侧无毛刺,镀锌层或防锈漆完整无损。
②敷管时,先将管卡一端的螺丝拧进一半,然后将管敷设在内,逐个拧牢。使用支架时,可将钢管固定在支架上,不应将钢管焊接在其他管道上。
③水平或垂直敷设明配管允许偏差值,管路在2m以内时,偏差为3mm,全长不应超过管子内径的1/2。
2)连接:管路应采用丝扣连接或专用连接头。
(7)钢管与设备连接:应将钢管敷设到没备内,如不能自接敷设时,应符合下列要求:
1)干燥室内,可在钢管出门处加一接线盒,过渡为柔性保护软管引入设备。
2)室外或潮湿房间内,可在管口处装设防水弯头,由防水弯头引出的导线应加柔性保护软管,经防水管引入设备。
3)管口距地面高度不宜低于200mm。
(8)柔性金属软管引入设备时,应符合下列要求:
1)刚性导管经柔性导管与电气设备、器具连接,柔性导管的长度在动力工程中不大于0.8m,照明工程中不大于1.2m。
2)金属软管用管卡固定,其固定间距不应大干1m。
3)金属柔性导管不能做接地或接零的接续导体。
(9)变形缝处理
地线连接及处理办法见"第20.5.3.2条1款"的有关内容。明配管跨接线,应美观牢固,管路敷设应保证畅通,刷好防锈漆、调合漆或其他装饰材料。
3.吊顶内、护墙板内管路敷设
材质固定,参照明配管工艺,敷设等参照暗敷工艺要求,接线盒可使用暗盒。
(1)会审图纸要与建筑给水排水及采暖、通风与空调等专业协调,应绘制翻样图,经审核无误后,在顶板或地面进行弹线定位。如吊顶是有格、块等线条的,灯位按格、块均分,做法如图20-10所示。护墙板内配管应按设计要求,测定盒、箱位置,弹线定位。
(2)灯位测定后,用小少于2个螺丝把灯头盒固定牢。如有防火要求,可用防火布或其他防火措施处理。无用的敲落孔不应脱落。已脱落的要补好。
(3)管路应敷设在主龙骨的上边,管人盒、箱煨灯叉弯,里外带锁紧螺母,内锁母上紧后,露丝1~4扣,加内护口。
(4)固定管路时,如为木龙骨可采用配套管卡和螺丝固定,或用拉铆钉固定。直径25mm以上和成排管路应单独设架。
(5)超过3kg的电器具和灯具,应在结构施工时预埋吊钩。吊钩直径不应小于器具挂销直径,且不应小于6mm,吊扇不应小于8mm,吊钩做好防腐处理,大型花灯的固定及悬吊装量应按器具重量的2倍做过载试验。
(6)管路敷设应牢固通顺,禁止做拦腰管或拌脚管。管路固定点的间距见表20-16。受力灯头盒应用吊杆固定,在终端、弯头中点或柜台、箱、盘等边缘的距离150mm~500mm范围内设固定卡固定。
(7)吊顶内灯头盒至灯位可采用柔性金属导管,长度不应超过1.2m,两端应使用专用接头。
四、质量标准
4.1 主控项目
1.金属导管严禁对口熔焊连接;镀锌和壁厚小于2mm的钢导管不得套管熔焊连接。
2.镀锌钢管、可挠性导管不得熔焊跨接地线。以专用接地卡跨接时,两卡间连线为铜芯软线,截面积不小于4mm 。
3.套镀锌钢管采用螺纹连接时,连接处两端焊接跨接地线;镀锌导管采用螺纹连接处两端用专用接地卡固定跨接地线。
4. 套接扣压式(KBG)和紧定式(JDG)薄壁式金属管接口处应涂动力复合脂,可不做跨接线。
4.2 一般项目
1.连接紧密,管口光滑,护口齐全,明配管及其支架、吊架应牢固、排列整齐,管子弯曲处无明显折皱,油漆防腐完整,暗配管保护层大于15mm。
2.盒、箱设置正确,固定可靠,管子进入盒、箱处顺直,在盒、箱内露出的长度小于5mm;用锁紧螺母固定的管口,管子露出锁紧螺母的螺纹宜为2~3扣。线路进入电气设备和器具的管口位置正确。
3.管路的保护应符合以下规定:穿过变形缝处有补偿装置,能活动自如;穿过建筑物和设备基础处加保护管。保护套管在隐蔽工程记录中标示正确。
4.金属电线保护管、盒、箱及支架接地(接零),地线敷设应符合以下规定:连接紧密牢固,接地(接零)线截面选用正确,需防腐的部分涂漆均匀无遗漏,线路走向合理,色标准确,涂刷后不污染设备和建筑物。
5.金属导管的内、外壁应做防腐处理;埋设于混凝土内的金属管,内壁应做防腐处理,外壁可以不做。
6. 室内进入落地式柜、台、箱、盘内的管口,应高出基础面50mm~80mm。
7.室外埋设的电缆导管,埋深不应小于0.7m。壁厚小于2mm的金属导管不应埋设于室外土壤内。
8.套接紧定式薄壁式金属管(JDC,)连结处紧定螺丝应用专用工具将螺帽拧断;套接扣压式薄壁式金属管(KBG)管径在φ25mm及以下时,扣压点不应小于2点,管径在φ32mm及以上时,扣压点不应少于3点,扣压点位置对称,间距均匀,深度不应少于1.0mm。
9.允许偏差项目可参照表20-13和表20-14。
五、成品保护
1.剔槽不得过大、过深或过宽。预制梁柱和预应力楼板均不得随意剔槽打洞。混凝土楼板、墙等均不得断筋。
2.现浇混凝土楼板上配管时,注意不要踩坏钢筋,土建浇筑混凝土时,电工应留人看守,以免振捣时损坏配管及盒、箱移位。遇有管路损坏时,应及时修复。
3.明配管路及电器具安装时,应保持顶棚、墙面及地面的清洁完整。搬运材料和使用高凳机具时,不得碰坏门窗、墙面等。电器具安装完成后,土建不能再喷浆。
4.吊顶内稳盒配管时,不要踩坏龙骨。严禁踩电线管行走,刷防锈漆不应污染墙面、吊顶或护墙板等。
5.其他专业在施工中,应注意保护电气配管,严禁私自改动电线管及电气设备。
六、应注意的质量问题
1.煨弯处出现凹扁过大或弯曲半径倍数不够。
(1)使用手扳煨管器时,移动要适度,用力不要过猛。
(2)使用油压煨管器或煨管机时,模具要配套,管子的焊缝应在正反面。
2.暗配管路弯曲过多。敷设管路时,应按设计图要求及现场情况,沿最近的路线敷设。
3.预埋盒、箱、支架、吊杆歪斜。应根据具体情况固定牢固。
4.稳注盒、箱有空、收口不好。应在稳注盒、箱时,将周围灌满灰浆,盒、箱口及时收好后再穿线上器具。
5.预留管口的位置不准确。配管时未按设计图要求测量轴线尺寸位置,造成定位不准。应根据设计图要求进行修复。
6.线管在焊跨接地线时,将管焊漏、焊接不牢、焊接面倍数不够。主要是操作者责任心不强,或者技术水平太低,应加强对操作者责任心教育和技术培训,严格按技术规程操作。
7.明配管、吊顶内或护墙板内配管、固定点不牢,螺丝松动,铁卡子、固定点间距过大或不均匀,应采用配套管卡,固定牢固,间距测量均匀。
8.暗配管路堵塞。配管后应及时扫管,发现堵管及时修复。配管后应及时加管堵。
9.管口不平齐有毛刺。断管后应及时用锉将管口锉平齐、铣口。
10.镀锌层受到破坏。应及时补刷防锈漆。
11.套接扣压式薄壁金属管(KBG)和套接紧定式薄壁式金属管(JDG)适用于1kV及以下无特殊规定的室内干燥场所。暗敷设于混凝土内时,管路与墙体表面净距不应小于15mm。
七、环境、职业健康安全管理措施
参见"20.3 硬质阻燃型绝缘导管明敷设工程"第20.3.7条。
范文四:最小弯曲半径PDF
最小弯曲半径
金属弯曲时,在中性层外层的材料受拉应力而内层的材料受压应力。拉应力的大小,主要取决于弯曲半径。弯曲半径越小,则外层材料的拉应力越大,为防止材料的园角部分出现裂纹或折断,必须对弯曲半径加以限制。使型材最外层的材料接近拉裂时的弯曲半径,称为最小弯曲半径。材料的最小弯曲半径与其力学性能,热处理状态及其表面状态等因素有关。 影响最小弯曲半径的因素
影响因素 材料的力学性能
说 明
材料的塑性越好,允许的变形越大,弯曲半径就越小,反之,则越大。材料加热后,塑性会提高,弯曲半径可减小。
材料经冷变形后会产生加工硬化,塑性变差,最小弯曲半径宜加大。材料经退火弯曲,弯曲半径可小些。
材料的表面不得有缺陷,否则弯曲时易产生裂纹,经剪切或冲裁后的材料,其断面常出现毛刺或微小裂纹,最小弯曲半径宜大。 弯曲角大于90°时,对最小弯曲半径影响不大,当小于90°时,外层材料的变形就大,最小弯曲半径宜大。
材料的纤维方向与弯曲线垂直时,材料具有较大的抗拉强度,不易破裂,可采用较小的弯曲半径。材料的纤维方向与弯曲线平行时,材料的抗拉强度较差,易破裂,最小弯曲半径宜大。
材料的热处理状态
材料的表面与边缘状态
弯曲角的大小
弯曲线的方向
在一般情况下,材料的弯曲半径应大于最小弯曲半径。若由于结构要求等原因,必须采用小于或等于最小弯曲半径时,则应该分次或多次弯曲,也可采用热弯或预先退火的方法,以提高材料的塑性。
板材的最小弯曲半径 材料 (厚度t) 08F 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
正火或退火的
弯曲线位置
与纤维垂直
0.1t 0.1t 0.2t 0.3t 0.5t 0.7t
与纤维平行
0.4t 0.5t 0.6t 0.8t 1.0t 1.3t
与纤维垂直
0.4t 0.5t 0.6t 0.8t 1.0t 1.3t
与纤维平行
0.8t 1.0t 1.2t 1.5t 1.7t 2.0t
冷作硬化的
铝紫铜软黄铜半硬黄铜
范文五:电缆的弯曲半径
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
电缆弯曲半径与电缆外径最小比值
电力电缆 其他电缆
电缆护套类型
单芯 多芯 多芯
铅 25 15 15 金属护套 铝 30 30 30
皱纹铝套和皱纹钢套 20 20 20
非金属护套 20 15 无铠装10有铠装15
不同标准中电缆弯曲半径的差异
不同标准中电缆弯曲半径的差异
1.电线电缆制造标准
?GB12706-2002 《35kV及以下塑料绝缘电力电缆》 表1 电缆最小允许弯曲半径
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
单芯电缆 三芯电缆
项 目 无铠有铠无铠有铠装
装 装 装
安装时的电缆最小弯曲半20D 15D 15D 12D
径
靠近连接合和终端的电缆15D 12D 12D 10D 的最小弯曲半径
注:D为电缆外径。
?GB9330-88《塑料绝缘控制电缆》
无铠装电缆,应不低于电缆外径的6D;
铠装或铜带屏蔽电缆,应不低于电缆外径的12D;
屏蔽软电缆,就不低于电缆外径的6D。
注:D为电缆外径。
2. GB50303-2002《建筑电气工程施工质量验收规范》 电缆桥架转弯处的弯曲半径,不小于桥架内电缆最小允许弯曲半径,电缆最小允许弯曲半径见表2。
表2 电缆最小允许弯曲半径
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
序号 电缆种类 最小允许弯曲半
径
1 无铅包钢铠护套的橡皮绝缘电力10D
电缆
2 有钢铠护套的橡皮绝缘电力电缆 20D
3 聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆 10D
4 交联聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆 15D
5 多芯控制电缆 10D
注:D为电缆外径
3.GB50054-95低压配电设计规范
根据GB50054-95低压配电设计规范中第5.6.39条 电缆敷设的弯曲半径与电缆外径的比值,不应小于表3的规定。
表3 电缆弯曲半径与电缆外径比值
电 力 电 缆 其它多芯电电缆护套类型 单芯 多芯 缆
铅 25D 15D 15D 金
属 铝 30D 30D 30D
护 纹铝套和纹钢20D 20D 20D 套 套
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
无铠装10D 非金属护套 30D 15D 有铠装15D
注:?表中未说明者,包括铠装和无铠装电缆;
?电力电缆中包括油浸纸绝缘电缆(不滴流电缆在内)和橡塑绝缘电缆,其它电缆指控制信号电缆等。
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste
the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste