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范文一：英语倒装句
英语倒装句
倒装有两种:
一将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来, 叫做完全倒装。
如:In came a man with a white beard.
二只将助动词(包括情态动词) 移至主语之前, 叫做部分倒装。
如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装, 二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况, 倒装是必须的, 否则就会出现语法错误; 后一种情况, 倒装是选择性的, 倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
一完全倒装的四种主要类型（有地钻状洞动）
1. here 和there 、now 、 then 位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的here 和 there 位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。
这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be 和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：
Here ’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There ’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
【注意】
(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come 和go 不能用进行时态，即不能说
Here is coming the bus。
(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：
Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在) ：
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。
2. away和down 等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。 这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：
Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
【注意】
若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：
Away he went. 他跑远了。
Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
【注意】
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
随堂练习 ① At the foot of the mountain ___________.
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
【解析】B.At the foot of the mountain是表示方位意义的介词短语, 位于句首时, 句子要使用全部倒装语序.
②In the dark forest _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
【解析】B.In the dark forest是表示方位意义的介词短语, 位于句首时, 句子要使用全部倒装语序
二部分倒装用法(不只如此而且虚需要让步)
1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：
I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场, 飞机就起飞了。
【注意】
(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：
He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： （绝不at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, in/under no circumstances） On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
但是，in no time(立即，马上) 位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only 的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装
副词so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
【注意】
(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so 改为neither 或nor ：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：
"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
5. 由not only…but also 引出的倒装
当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式： Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
他不仅讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
当if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if 省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。
【注意】省略if 后提前的had 不一定是助动词： Had I money, I would buy it.
7. as、though 、although 引导的状语从句
当as / though引导让步状语从句时, 可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动词”或“动词+ as +主语+助动词”的倒装形式. 当表语是名词时, 名词前不加任何冠词. 例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子, 他懂得很多.
Try as he would, he might fail again.尽管他努力尝试了, 他还可能失败.
【注意】
① 句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。
② ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意
练习 1①Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
【解析】little 是含有否定意义的副词, 位于句首时, 句子应使用部分倒装语序；结合状语从句的时态和整个句子的意思可知, 应使用过去时态, 故选择A 项.
②—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely _________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
【解析】Rarely 是含有否定意义的副词, 位于句首时, 句子应使用部分倒装语序.B
③ I ’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
【解析】by no means是含有否定意义的词组, 位于句首, 句子应使用部分倒装语序.D 4Not until I came home last night ________ to bed. ○
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went
【解析】B.not until引导的从句位于句首时,not until的从句不倒装, 主句使用部分倒装语序 2① Only then___________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
【解析】D.only 位于句首, 修饰副词时, 要用部分倒装语序.then 是过去时的时间标志词, 故排除C 项.
② _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
【解析】A.only 位于句首, 修饰介词短语时, 要用部分倒装语序. 从后面的部分倒装语序可知, 应使用only.
③ Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
【解析】C.only 位于句首, 修饰状语从句时, 主句要用部分倒装语序. 计算机应该是“被修理”, 故使用被动语态.
3. ① So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
【解析】so ?that ?结构中的so 位于句首时, 构成部分倒装句, 本句中attack 是名词, 故A 错C ②—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly_________ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed by B. the car sped by
C. does the car speed by D. the car speeds by
【解析】A.so ?that ?结构中的so 位于句首时, 构成部分倒装句. 根据时间关系, 应选用过去时
4. ① If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
【解析】B. 条件状语从句中表示否定意义, 主句重复前面句子的部分意思, 否定用neither 或nor. ②—My room gets very cold at night.
—___________. (2007 江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
【解析】C. 重复前面句子的部分意思, 肯定用so. 并且前一句中使用了实义动词, 故用助动词代替.
③Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.（2005全国卷Ⅲ）
A. so does John B. John does so
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
【解析】D. 前面句子中表示否定意义, 后面句子重复前面句子的部分意思, 否定用neither 或nor.
5. ①The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy
【解析】B.not only?but (also)?连接句子时, 第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装.
6①________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
【解析】B. 根据句意可知, 前面应该是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句, 构成是should +v.或were to + v..省略if 后要使用部分倒装语序. 只有B 项符合符合要求.
②What would have happened _______, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
【解析】C. 根据句意可知, 这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的复合句, 期构成是：条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去完成时, 主句中用would / could /should?+完成时. 省略if 后使用部分倒装语序, 只有C 项符合.
7①Unsatisfied _________ with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience.
A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though
【解析】B.though 引导让步状语从句, 分词可放在though 的前面, 此时主谓不倒装. ②_______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
【解析】D.as 引导让步状语从句时, 应使用“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动词”的倒装形式. 故D 项正确.
③_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
【解析】B.as / though引导让步状语从句时, 可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+ as +主语+动
范文二：英语倒装句
英语倒装
(1) So... that和such …that
在so... that 结构中，若将so + adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
类似地，当such…that…结构的such …置于句首时，such 后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。
(2) 表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语) 置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：
By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。
(3) as、though 引导让步状语从句时的倒装四类
Tired 形容词 as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。
Try 动词as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。
Search 动词as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
Hard 形容as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
Boy 名词as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。名词前不要冠词的 Much 副词 as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 虽然我很喜欢你，但我不能和你一起生活。
（4）以频度副词开头引出的倒装
以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等频度副词位于句首，且表示强调时，用部分倒装；但若不强调时，也可不用倒装。如：
Often did he come here with a good smile on his face. 他来这里时，脸上挂着笑容。
Often did we warn him not to do so. 我曾常常警告他不要那样做。
Often he walked. 他过去经常步行。
Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted. 这时我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。
Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房间去。
（5）表示祝愿的句子的倒装
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。
(7)否定词句首
否定词no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never ，或半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, few, 否定词的短语not until, by no means, not only…but also…, in no way, neither …nor …, in no time, no sooner …than …, hardly/scarcely…when …, 及频度状语副词every day, every other day, many a time, often等位于句首时，一般须部分倒装。如：
Neither do I know him. 我也不认识他。
No word did he say before he left. 他一句话没说就走了。
Little did I know about it. 我对它了解得不多。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
Little did he know that the police were after him. 他一点也不知道警察在找他
Little did he know that the police were after him. 他一点也不知道警察在找他。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。
By no means shall I go there again. 我决不会再去那儿了。
Few students did they see in the classroom. 他们在教室没看到几个学生。
Not a word did I ever say to him. 我从未对他说过一句话。
Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。
Under no circumstances are children allowed in the bar. 在任何情况下也不能允许儿童进酒吧
但是，in no time(立即，马上) 位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news.
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场, 飞机就起飞了。
No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她刚同意嫁给他 No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场, 飞机就起飞
Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他一到车站，火车就开动了。
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。
（8）only 句首
1. “only+副词”位于句首：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. The pilot reassured the passengers.
Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
2. “only+介词短语”位于句首：
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。
3. “only+状语从句”位于句首：
Only after she died was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。 注意：若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装) ：
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
（9） “so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。
She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。
so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：①内容是肯定时，用so ，内容是否定时，用neither 或nor ；②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be 相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did ；③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
涉及倒装的13个英语高频考点
1. 考查never 置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never 置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1 Never in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
(2) Never before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
2. 考查little 置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little 置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _________ they know about German
A. have B. did C. had D. do
3. 考查seldom 置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom 置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.
A. we receive B. do we receive
C. we received D. did we receive
(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.
A. have I read B. I have read C. had I read D. I had read
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. have the reached D. they have reached
5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A. have I started B. I have started
C. had I started D. I had started
6. 考查nowhere 置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere 置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place.
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no means, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。 _________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。
(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。
(1) — My room gets very cold at night.
— _________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(2) —It ’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装
nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________.
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
【倒装专练】
1. So _________ that even the people in the next room could hear him.
A. loudly he spoke B. he spoke loudly
C. loudly did he speak D. loudly spoke did he
2. Only when one loses freedom _________ its value.
A. does one know B. one does know
C. does know one D. know one does
3. He never went to see her again, _________ to apologize.
A. nor did he write B. nor he did write
C. he did write D. nor he wrote
4. _________ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.
A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he go
C. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner
5. No sooner _________ down than the phone rang.
A. had I sat B. I had sat
C. have I sat D. I have sat
6. No sooner _________ than he was asked to leave again.
A. has he arrived B. he has arrived
C. had he arrived D. he had arrived
7. Little _________, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.
A. does he know B. he knows
C. knows him D. did he know
8. Never in my wildest dreams _________ to win first place last time.
A. I expected B. did I expect
C. I have expected D. have I expected
9. Never before _________ so many people here are still starving.
A. had I known B. I had known
C. have I known D. I have known
10. Little _________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care
C. he cares D. he cared
11. Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
12. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
13. Only by shouting _________ to make himself heard.
A. he was able B. was he able
C. he did able D. did he able
14. Only when we landed _________ how badly the plane had been damaged.
A. we realized B. did we realize
C. had we realized D. we had realized
15. _________ was the attack that we had no time to escape.
A. So sudden B. Too sudden
C. So suddenly D. Too suddenly
16. Not only _________ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. do the nurses want B. the nurses want
C. did the nurses want D. the nurses wanted
17. Not only _________ to her, I even got her autograph!
A. I spoke B. did I speak
C. I have spoken D. have I spoken
18. The service was terrible and _________ the food.
A. so that
C. so was
B. so as D. so as to
翻译：
1鲁迅写的这本书是世界上最好的书。
2我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。
3我们在医院一直照顾的老太太死了。
4你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？
5昨天他告诉我是谁吃了我的苹果，那个苹果是我妈妈给我买的。 6正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。
7. 昨天，他被看见走进了教室。
8. 孩子们常受到照顾。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 我相信你是对的。 我希望她早日痊愈(recover)。 我不知道你是否喜欢这种颜色。 你要什么我就给什么。 你想见谁都可以见。 她想嫁谁就嫁谁。 我不知道他会不会同意这个计划。 我不在乎(care about)他们怎么想。 我猜不出他们躲在哪里。 10. 我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。 11. 据我所知，英文语法中没有这样一条规定。 12. 请把前门的钥匙放在我们容易找到的地方。 13. 我刚告诉他这个消息，他就哭起来。 14. 你越是努力学习英语，你说英语就会越好。
15. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
16. 我一接她的信就通知你。
17. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。
18. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。
19. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。
范文三：英语倒装句
14.1?倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1)?here,?there,?now,?then,?thus等副词置于句首,?谓语动词常用be,?come,?go,?lie,?run。
There?goes?the?bell.
Then?came?the?chairman.
Here?is?your?letter.
2)?表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out?rushed?a?missile?from?under?the?bomber.
Ahead?sat?an?old?woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here?he?comes. ?Away?they?went.
14.2?倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,?does或?did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,?not,?never,?seldom,?little,?hardly,?at?no?time,?in?no?way,?not?until…?等。
Never?have?I?seen?such?a?performance.
Nowhere?will?you?find?the?answer?to?this?question.
Not?until?the?child?fell?asleep?did?the?mother?leave?the?room.
当Not?until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意：?如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I?have?never?seen?such?a?performance.
The?mother?didn't?leave?the?room?until?the?child?fell?asleep.
1) Why?can't?I?smoke?here?
At?no?time___?in?the?meeting-room
A.?is?smoking?permitted B. smoking?is?permitted
C.?smoking?is?it?permitted D. does?smoking?permit
答案A.?这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。?这些否定词包括no,?little,?hardly,?seldom,?never,?not?only,?not?until等。本题的正常语序是?Smoking?is?permitted?in?the?meeting-room?at?no?time.
2）?Not?until?the?early?years?of?the?19th?century?___?what?heat?is.
A.?man?did?know ?B.?man?know ?C.?didn't?man?know ?D.?did?man?know
答案D. ?看到Not?until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D?中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man?did?not?know?what?heat?is?until?the?early?years?of?the?19th.?现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
14.3?以否定词开头作部分倒装
如?Not?only…but?also,?Hardly/Scarcely…when,?No?sooner…?than
Not?only?did?he?refuse?the?gift,?he?also?severely?criticized?the?sender.
Hardly?had?she?gone?out?when?a?student?came?to?visit?her.
No?sooner?had?she?gone?out?than?a?student?came?to?visit?her.
No?sooner___?than?it?began?to?rain?heavily.
A.?the?game?began? ?B. has?the?game?begun
C.?did?the?game?begin ?D. had?the?game?begun
答案D.?以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,?seldom,?scarcely,?little,?few,?not,?hardly,?以及not?only…but?(also),?no?sooner…than,?hardly…?when?scarcely…?when 等等。
注意：只有当Not?only…?but?also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not?only…?but?also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not?only?you?but?also?I?am?fond?of?music.
14.4?so,?neither,?nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不"?的句子要部分倒装。
Tom?can?speak?French.?So?can?Jack.
If?you?won't?go,?neither?will?I.
典型例题
---Do?you?know?Jim?quarrelled?with?his?brother?
---I?don't?know,?_____.
A.?nor?don't?I?care B.?nor?do?I?care C.?I?don't?care?neither D.?I?don't?care?also
答案：B.?nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用?don't?再次否定，?C?neither?用法不对且缺乏连词。?D缺乏连词。
注意：?当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom?asked?me?to?go?to?play?football?and?so?I?did.
---It's?raining?hard. ---So?it?is.
14.5?only在句首要倒装的情况
Only?in?this?way,?can?you?learn?English?well.
Only?after?being?asked?three?times?did?he?come?to?the?meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only?when?he?is?seriously?ill,?does?he?ever?stay?in?bed.
14.6?as,?though?引导的倒装句
as?/?though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前?（形容词,?副词,?分词,?实义动词提前）。
注意?1)?句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2)?句首是实义动词,?其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, ?随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try?hard?as?he?will,?he?never?seems?able?to?do?the?work?satisfactorily.
注意: 让步状语从句中，有?though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是?though?和yet可连用。
14.7?其他部分倒装
1) ?so…?that?句型中的so?位于句首时，需倒装。
So?frightened?was?he?that?he?did?not?dare?to?move?an?inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May?you?all?be?happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,?had,?should等词，可将if?省略，把?were,?had,?should?移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were?I?you,?I?would?try?it?again.
1）?Not?until?the?early?years?of?the?19th?century___?what?heat?is
A.?man?did?know ?B.?man?knew ?C.?didn't?man?know ?D.?did?man?know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）?Not?until?I?began?to?work?___?how?much?time?I?had?wasted.
A.?didn't?I?realize B.?did?I?realize C.?I?didn't?realize D.?I?realize
答案为?B。
3) Do?you?know?Tom?bought?a?new?car?
I?don't?know,?___.
A.?nor?don't?I?care ?B.?nor?do?I?care
C.?I?don't?care?neither D.?I?don't?care?also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由?so,?neither,?nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,?so用于肯定句,?而?neither,?nor?用在否定句中。
一、?当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时要用倒装，将相应的助动词放到主语之前。例如：
1.?Only?by?practising?a?few?hours?every?day?_____?be?able?to?use?it.
A.?you?can?B.?can?you?C.?you?will?D.?will?you
二、?否定副词not,?never,?seldom,?little,?hardly,?scarcely,?nowhere,?few,?not?until等位于句首时，句子要倒装。例如：
2.?Not?a?single?song?_____?at?yesterday’s?party.
A.?she?sang?B.?sang?she?C.?did?she?sing?D.?she?did?sang
3.?Seldom?_____?any?mistakes?during?my?past?few?years?of?working?here.
A.?would?I?make?B.?did?I?make?C.?I?did?make?D.?shall?I?make
4.?Not?until?I?began?to?work?_____?how?much?time?I?had?wasted.
A.?didn’t?I?realize?B.?did?I?realize?C.?I?didn’?t?realize?D.?I?realize
三、?副词so放在句首，表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另外一个人时，句子要倒装；当neither，nor在句首，表示前面的否定也适用于另外一个人时句子要倒装；so,?nor,?neither表示相同概念的肯定或否定时，句子也要倒装。例如：
5.?My?brother?had?a?bad?cold?last?week,?and?so?_____.
A.?did?I?B.?had?I?C.?was?I?D.?I?did
6.?“Do?you?know?Jim?quarreled?with?his?brother?”
“I?didn’t?know,?_____.”
A.?nor?don’t?I?care?B.?nor?do?I?care?C.?I?don’t?care?neither?D.?I?don’t?care?also
7.?He?is?a?good?student,?and?works?very?hard,?_____.
A.?so?it?is?with?her?B.?so?does?she?C.?so?is?he?D.?neither?does?she
四、?含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如no?sooner…than…,?neither…nor,?hardly…when…,?scarcely…when…,?not…until…等需要倒装。例如：
8.?_____?entered?the?office?when?he?realized?that?he?had?forgotten?his?report.
A.?He?hardly?had?B.?Had?he?hardly?C.?Hardly?had?he?D.?Hardly?he?had
五、?以here,?how,?there,?then等副词位于句首时，要倒装。例如：
9.?Then?_____?the?Civil?War.
A.?did?follow?B.?followed?C.?does?follow?D.?following
六、?有些介词短语如at?no?time,?in?no?case,?by?no?means,?many?a?time,?only?in?this?way放在句首时要倒装。例如：
10.?Many?a?time?_____?swimming?alone.
A.?the?boy?went?B.?went?the?boy?C.?did?the?boy?go?D.?did?go?the?boy
11.?Only?in?this?way?_____?the?problems.
A.?you?can?solve?B.?can?you?solve?C.?you?solve?D.?did?you?solve
七、?虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，had,?were,?should等放在条件句主语前，形成倒装。例如：
12.?_____?it?rain?tomorrow,?we?would?have?to?put?off?visiting?Beijing.
A.?Were?B.?Should?C.?Would?D.?Will
八、?由as,?though,?however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，一般结构为：形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though/however+主语+谓语。例如：
13.?_____?,?mother?will?wait?for?him?to?have?dinner?together.
A.?However?late?is?he?B.?However?he?is?late?C.?However?is?he?late?D.?Late,?however,?he?is
答案：1.?B?2.?C?3.?B?4.?B?5.?A?6.?B?7.?B?8.?C?9.?B?10.?C?11.?B?12.?A?13.?D
倒装句的种类
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语
成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装。
倒装分两种：语法倒装和强调语势倒装。
语法倒装
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列?7?种：
1.?疑问句，如：?Can?you?do?it???How?old?are?you???When?did?you?know?him?
但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：?Who?is?your?English?teacher????What?happened?last?night?
2.?表示“愿望”的句子，如：?May?God?bless?you.????Long?live?the?king!
3.?There”引导的句子，如：
There?are?many?cars?on?the?road.???There?is?a?security?guard?outside?the?bank.
4.?感叹句，如：?How?beautiful?the?flower?is!???What?a?smart?boy?you?are!
5.?连接词“so,?neither,?nor”的句子，如：
Mary?can?ride?a?bicycle;?so?can?I.?He?can't?sing;?neither?can?she.?Tom?has?never?been?late;?nor?have?I.
6.?省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：
Were?I?you,?I?would?not?do?such?a?thing.???Should?the?machine?break?down?again,?send?it?back?to?us.
Had?you?worked?harder,?you?would?have?passed.
7.?“as,?however”连接的让步副词分句，如：
Small?as?the?pen?is,?it?is?a?powerful?weapon.??However?busy?you?are,?you?should?spend?some?time?on?it.
强调倒装句??????????把表示否定的副词或副词短语提到句前；-是把副词虚助词提前：
Never?have?I?seen?such?a?wicked?man.????????On?no?account?must?this?employee?be?fired.
Not?until?he?told?me?had?I?heard?anything?of?it.
No?sooner?had?I?left?than?the?rain?came.????Up?jumped?the?puppy.????In?came?John.
Down?fell?the?rotten?branches?from?the?tree.???Out?came?a?woman?and?her?maid.
引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：
1．在疑问句中????例1：How?are?you?getting?along?with?your?work?
例2：Is?this?report?written?in?detail?
注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。
2．在there?be?及其类似结构中??例1：There?are?forty?students?in?our?class.?例2：There?seem?to?be?still?some?elements?undiscovered?yet.???例3：There?stands?a?bridge?across?the?river.
3．在表示祝愿的句子中??例1：Long?live?the?People’s?Republic?of?China!??例2：May?you?succeed!
例3：Dog-tired?though?they?were,?they?continued?to?march?on.
4．在省略if?的虚拟语气条件状语从句中
这类句子中有were,?had,?should等词时，把were,?had或should置于句首。
例1：Were?there?no?air?or?water,?there?would?be?no?life?in?the?world.
例2：Had?you?been?more?careful,?such?spelling?mistakes?might?have?been?avoided.
5．在so,?nor,?neither或no?more开头的句子中
此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。例如：
1）This?problem?is?not?difficult?and?neither?is?that?one.
2）Coal?is?under?the?ground?in?some?places,?and?so?is?oil.
6．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中
这些词和词组通常有：rarely,?never,?scarcely,?no?sooner,?little,?few,?hardly,?seldom,?at?no?time,?in?no?way,?on?no?account,?nowhere,?nobody,?not?only等。例如：
1）Visit?our?stores.?Nowhere?else?will?you?find?such?magnificent?bargains.
2）Hardly?had?he?finished?his?work?when?the?telephone?rang.
3）Not?only?did?he?complain?about?the?food,?he?also?refused?to?pay?for?it.
4）Little?did?we?think?his?speech?had?made?so?deep?an?impression?on?his?audience.
7．在强调表语时??例1：Worst?of?all?were?the?humiliations.?例2：Such?is?the?case.
8．在强调宾语时??例1：Still?greater?contributions?should?we?make?to?our?socialist?construction.
例2：Useful?chemical?fertilizer?can?we?make?from?the?waste?liquid.
注：当前置宾语由“not?a?+名词”或者“not?a?single?+名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：
Alice?had?a?terrible?time?touring?that?country.?Not?a?day?did?she?spend?without?having?some?unpleasantness?with?waiters?in?the?hotel.
9．在强调状语时?（1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go,?come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：???1）Up?went?the?plane.???2）In?came?the?chairman?and?the?meeting?began.
注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：?1）Out?they?rushed!??2）Lower?and?lower?he?bent.
(2)?当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：
1）Round?the?corner?walked?a?large?policeman.
2）Under?the?table?was?lying?a?half-conscious?young?man.
（3）当句首状语由“only?+副词”，“only?+介词词组”，“only?+状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：
1）Only?yesterday?did?he?find?out?that?his?watch?was?missing.
2）Only?because?there?were?some?cancelled?bookings?did?he?get?some?tickets?in?the?end.
（4）当句首状语为here,?there,?now,?then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：
1）Here?is?a?ticket?for?you.??2）Now?comes?your?turn.??3）Here?he?comes.
（5）以关联词so?(…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：
1）So?small?was?the?mark?that?I?could?hardly?see?it.
2）So?quickly?did?the?workmen?finish?their?work?that?they?were?given?a?bonus.
3）So?much?does?he?worry?about?his?financial?position?that?he?can’t?sleep?at?night.
注：在该结构中，“so?+形容词”是表语的前置；“so?+副词”是状语的前置。
10．在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked?Mary,?answered?John,?said?the?old?lady,?grunted?Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：
1）“What?do?you?mean?”?asked?Henry.
2）“What?do?you?mean?”?he?asked.
11.?often,?many?a?time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如：Often?did?they?think?of?going?there,?but?they?never?had?a?chance.
12．在as,?though引导的让步状语从句中
在as,?though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：
1）Small?as?the?atom?is,?we?can?smash?it.
2）Big?as?the?workpiece?is,?it?is?turned?out?with
一、so…that结构中的部分倒装
So?strange?did?she?look?that?everyone?stared?at?her.
So?loudly?did?he?speak?that?even?people?in?the?next?room?could?hear?him.
So?little?did?I?know?about?philosophy?that?the?lecture?was?completely?beyond?me.
二、表语置于句首引起的倒装
当表语置于句首时，常引起倒装，把系动词置于主语之前。作表语的可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
【例如】
Very?important?in?the?peasants’?life?is?the?TV?weather?report.
Bright,?very?bright?were?the?stars?over?the?wild,?dark?hills.
Present?at?the?meeting?were?Professor?Smith,?Sir?Hugh?and?many?other?celebrities.
Especially?popular?are?the?musical?and?theatrical?groups.
On?either?side?of?the?road?were?rows?of?fruit?trees.
Near?the?southern?end?of?the?village?was?a?large?peach?orchard.
Seated?on?the?ground?are?as?groups?of?young?men?playing?horse?head?fiddle.
Scattered?like?stars?in?the?deep?mountains?are?numerous?reservoirs?and?ponds.
Visiting?the?Great?Wall?were?200?American?college?students.
三、否定意义副词引起的倒装
英语中含有否定意义的副词与词组有never，seldom，few，little,?barely，hardly，scarcely，rarely,?nowhere,?by?no?means,?under?no?circumstances,?in?no?way,?at?no?time,?in?no?case,?in?vain,?not?until等。
Nowhere?could?the?homeless?girl?go?in?the?cold?winter.
Under?no?circumstances?shall?I?change?my?attitude?towards?work.
Never?before?has?the?mass?of?the?people?been?so?inspired,?so?militant?and?so?daring?as?at?present.
No?sooner?had?I?gone?to?sleep?than?someone?telephoned.
Not?until?Columbus?discovered?the?new?land,?were?bananas?brought?to?Europe.?Scarcely?had?we?reached?home?when?it?began?to?rain.
Not?only?did?they?present?a?musical?performance?but?they?also?gave?a?brief?introduction?to?the?history?of?western?brass?instrument.
四、让步状语从句中的倒装
1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象＋as/though＋主语＋其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。
Tired?as?he?is,?he?goes?on?with?his?work.
Much?as?he?likes?her,?he?does?get?irritated?with?her?sometimes.
Child?as?he?is,?he?knows?how?to?please?the?others.
2)?be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。
Be?it?cheap?or?dear,?I?will?take?it.
We?should?put?our?energysintosour?work,?be?it?mental?like?the?work?of?a?scientist?or?physical?like?the?work?of?a?smith.
五、让步状语从句中的倒装
1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象＋as/though＋主语＋其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。
Tired?as?he?is,?he?goes?on?with?his?work.
Much?as?he?likes?her,?he?does?get?irritated?with?her?sometimes.
Child?as?he?is,?he?knows?how?to?please?the?others.
2)?be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。
Be?it?cheap?or?dear,?I?will?take?it.
We?should?put?our?energysintosour?work,?be?it?mental?like?the?work?of?a?scientist?or?physical?like?the?work?of?a?smith.
五、以only引导状语位于句首引起的倒装
Only?by?shouting?at?the?top?of?his?voice?was?he?able?to?make?himself?heard.
Only?in?this?way?can?we?achieve?what?we?want.
Only?in?each?afternoon?does?the?university?library?open.
Only?under?special?circumstances?____to?take?make?up?tests.
A)?are?freshmen?permitted
B)?permitted?are?freshmen
C)?freshmen?are?permitted
D)?are?permitted?freshmen
Only加状语位于句首，句子用倒装语序，故答案为A。
六、由so/nor/neither引起的倒装??该句式表明与前面的情况一致。前面为肯定句，用so引导，否定句用nor或neither引导。
Society?has?changed?and?so?have?the?people?in?it.
Yesterday?I?went?shopping,?so?did?my?best?friend.
The?organization?had?broken?no?rules,?but?neither?had?it?acted?responsibly.
He?didn’t?want?to?apologize?for?his?mistake,?neither/nor?did?his?assistant.
1．注意分清哪些情况要采用倒装：
①down,?up,?in,?out,?away等表示位置移动的副词位于句首时；②表示时间、地点的副词或介词短语位于句首时；not,?never,?hardly,?seldom,?little,?scarcely,?neither,?nor等否定词位于句首时；③用作频率状语的副词often,?always,every,other?day，以及程度副词so或表示“也”的so位于句首时；④only位于句首修饰状语时；⑤as位于句首引导让步状语从句时；⑥虚拟条件句省略if时。例如：
Out?rushed?the?children.
Look!?Here?come?the?bus!
Often?do?I?go?there?with?them.
So?busy?is?she?that?she?has?no?time?to?spare.
Were?I?you,?I?would?take?the?position?in?that?company.
2.?注意几个容易出错的场合：
①Not?until位于句首引导状语从句，或only位于句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句倒装。例如：
Not?until?he?was?eight,?did?he?go?to?school.
Only?when?the?war?was?over?was?he?able?to?get?happily?back?to?work.
②以下情况的主谓都不倒装：表示时间、地点、方位的副词位于句首，其主语是人称代词时；so位于句首表示强调时；only位于句首不修饰状语或状语从句时。例如：
Out?he?rushed.???She?is?very?beautiful?and?so?she?is.???Only?this?way?can?improve?your?English.
③as位于句首引导让步状语从句时主谓不倒装，只须把表语提到as前，且作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。例如：?Tired?as?he?felt,?he?kept?on?working.???Child?as?he?was,?he?could?work?out?the?problem.
3．注意完全倒装句的特点：
①谓语是系动词；②主语是名词，谓语是不及物动词，如go,?lie,?com,?run等；③句首是表示时间、地点、方向、方式的副词或介词短语，谓语是系动词或半系动词。例如：
On?went?her?old?brown?jacket.?????????????Down?came?the?long?brown?waves!
Between?Britain?and?Ireland,?in?the?Irish?Sea,?lies?the?small?Isle?of?Man.
范文四：英语倒装句讲解
概念：在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做倒装。
种类：
完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装 。部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装 。
倒装的目的：
（1）语法结构的需要：通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。例如：There is a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。
Where are you going? 你要去哪？
（2）语法修饰的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。例如：
Up went the model plane. 那架航模飞机飞起来了。
Never have I been late for school this term. 我这个学期没有迟到过。
完全倒装：就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况:
（一）表示地点、时间的副词放在句首时的全部倒装。
在“there + be”引导的句子中，谓语是be,exist, live,lie 等表示状态的不及物动词。
There is noboby in the classroom. 班级里没有人。
There seems something wrong with my radio. 我的收音机坏了。
There are three wells in our village.我们村里有三口井。
在there, here 引导的句子中,谓语动词用follow, come, enter,rush, go,occur等。 There goes the bell! 铃响了。
Here comes your husband. 你的丈夫来了。
副词now,then,thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come,follow,begin,end,be等．
Now comes your turn! 到你了。
Thus ended the meeting. 会议结束了。
当in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有come,go,rush,等不及物动词。
Down come all of you. 你们都下来。
Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。
注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装，用正常语序即可。
Look, there he comes. 看，他来了。
Here it is. 在这呢。
Down she went.她下来了。
（二）表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时的全部倒装。
In front of the house stopped a police car. 一辆警车停在房子前面。 Under the tree sat a boy. 一个男孩坐在树下。
In my heart was desire to live more dangerously. 我的心渴望一种更加惊险的生活。
（三）直接引语在句首，这种情况可倒装也可不倒装。
“Where are you going?”asked he.(He asked.) 他说，你要去哪？
“You’ve made great progress this term.”said the teacher.（the teacher said.） 老师说，这个学期你有很大的进步。
“he is a clever boy” said the teacher.
部分倒装：就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：
疑问句中的部分倒装
Where have you been thses days? 这些日子你去哪了？
Do you like reading this book? 你喜欢读这本书吗？
only修饰状语时的部分倒装
only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 这种方法能提高你的英语成绩。
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
当他告诉我这个消息的时候我知道发生了什么事。
表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时的部分倒装
此类副词或连词主要有not, little, hardly, never, no sooner?than?, hardly/scarcely?when?, not only?but also?, at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case, in no event, anwhere, seldom等。
Seldom do we get up at four in the morning. 我们很少4点钟起床。
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing. 我很少听到这么愚蠢的事情。
Never shall I do the same thing again. 我再也不做同样的事情了。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中部分倒装
在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if, 将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 要是下雨了，庄稼就有救了。
Had you come here, you would have met the film star. 你要是来了的话就能见到那位电影明星了。
Were they here, they would help us. 他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。
在so?that?, such?that?句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时的部分倒装。 在so?that?, such?that?句式中，如果so引导的部分前置，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
So dark was the room that I could harldy see anything. 屋子如此黑我什么也看不见。
So careless did he drive that he almost killed himself. 他开车如此粗心，差点把自己害死了。
so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代)；若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；
She has been to Hefei. So have we. 她去过合肥，我们也去过。
She won’t accept that invitation. Neither\Nor will he. 他不会接受邀请，我们也不会。
may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。
may表示祝愿时，需将may放在主语前。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
May they live long. 祝他们长寿。
May you have a nice/good trip! 祝你旅行愉快！
以as，though引导的让步从句中的部分倒装
在as，though引导的让步从句中，表语放在句首时，若主语是名词，主语可以倒装，也可以不倒装。主语是代词时，不倒装。
Terrible as was the storm, we contrinuted our way. 尽管暴风雪很大，但我们继续赶路。
Child as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet. 尽管它是孩子，他已经能够独立生活了。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。
范文五：英语倒装句讲解
英语倒装句讲解
一． 全部倒装：只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。(通常一般现在时和一般过去时)：
1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。1) 在there be或者there There are thousands of people on the square.
There stands a little girl.
2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 例如： Here you are. Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。
二． 部分倒装
将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语。
如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, in no case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until… 等。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
2．以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等， 前倒后不倒。not only can A… but also B can例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, but also criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物还批评了送礼的注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。
3． so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不…样”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
4．only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语） Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 （only+副词） （only+状语从句）
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
5． as, though 引导的部分倒装
as / though引导的让步从句需注意：
1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a)
Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)
2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)
3)副词提到句首
Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.
6．so…i that，such…that引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用”so\such + adj. + 谓语+主语”。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。
7. 在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨，我们就不会去打篮球了。 =If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.
Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.如果我准备充分了，就不会失去这份工作了
=If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.
倒装练习
1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would
2.______ that this region was so rich in natural resources.
A. Little he knew B. Little did he know
C. Little he did know D. Little he had known
3.Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.
A. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought B. seriously Alfred E. Smith sought
C. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek D. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek
4.Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.
A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have
5.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.
A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didn’t turn D. he had turned
6.______ received law degrees as today.
A. Never so women have B. The women aren’t ever
C. Women who have never D. Never have so many women
7.On no account ______ to anyone.
A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention
C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention
8. ______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are
C. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are
9.______ do we go for picnics.
A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once
10.Her answer is not acceptable, and ______.
A. neither am I B. either is mine C. neither is mine D. mine is neither
11.______, I must do another experiment.
A. Be it ever so late B. It is ever so late
C. It be ever so late D. So late it be ever
12.So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel
13.Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。
14. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道考点为倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
15.No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。
16.---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don't know，_____. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定，
C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
--It's raining hard. ---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。1-5 ABDCB 6-10 DCCCC 11-16 ADADD B
