范文一:电源电压是12V,灯泡L1两端的电压为9V,灯泡L1的电阻
1. 有两个灯泡串联在电路中,电源电压是12V,灯泡L两端的电压为9V,灯1
泡L的电阻为30欧姆,求: 1
(1)灯泡L两端的电压 2
(2)电路中的电流
(3)灯泡L的电阻 2
(4)该电路的总电阻
解:
(1)、由U=U+U得 12
U=U-U21
=12V-9V
=3V
(2)、I=I=U/R 111
=9V/30Ω
=0.3A (3)、I=I=0.3A 2
由I=U/R得 222
R=U/I 222
=3V/0.3A
=10Ω
(4)、R=R+R 12
=30Ω+10Ω
=40Ω
1)、灯泡L答:(两端的电压为3V;(2)电路中的电流为0.3A; 2
(3)灯泡L的电阻10Ω;(4)该电路的总电阻40Ω。 2
2(李强同学想自制一个电热毯,让它在220 V电压下工作。如果使电热丝中通
过的电流为0.25 A,需要截取多长的规格是40Ω/m的电阻线。
解:由I=U/R得
R=U/I
=220V/0.25A
=880Ω
L=R/R0
=880Ω/40Ω/m
=22m
答:需要截取22m的规格是40Ω/m的电阻线。
3( 两个灯泡并联在电路中,两灯并联后的总电阻为8欧姆,灯泡L的电阻1
为40欧姆,干路总电流为0.75安培,求:
1) 电源电压
2) 灯泡L中通过的电流 1
3) 灯泡L中通过的电流 2
4) 灯泡L的电阻 2
解:(1)、由I=U/R得
U=IR
=0.75A×8Ω
=6V
(2)、U=U=U=6V 12
I=U/R 111
=6V/40Ω
=0.15A
(3)、由I=I+I得 12
I=I-I 21
=0.75A-0.15A
=0.6A (4)、由I=U/R得 222
R=U/I 222
=6V/0.6A
=10Ω
答:(1)、 电源电压为6V;(2)、灯泡L中通过的电流为0.15A; 1(3)、灯泡L中通过的电流为0.6A; (4)、 灯泡L的电阻为10Ω。 22
范文二:电压电流电阻的大小与灯泡亮度的关系
电压电流电?阻的大小与?灯泡亮度的? 关系
首先我们可?以知道在纯?电阻电路中?,电功率可以?用以下公式?表示:
P=UI=U?/R=I?R
-------------------------------
其次因为电?灯泡是电热?器,也就是纯电?阻用电器,因此功率越?大,其亮度也就?越亮. -------------------------------
由是根据公?式推导出下?列结果: 1)P=UI.[前提为同一?小灯泡,或者两个电?阻相同的小?灯泡.]
当电压不变?时,电流越大,功率越大,小灯越亮
当电流不变?时,电压越大,功率越大,小灯越亮
2)P=U?/R[前提为电流?相等]
当电压不变?时,电阻越小,功率越大,小灯越亮
当电阻不变?时,电压越大,功率越大,小灯越亮
3)P=I?R[前提为电压?相等]
当电阻不变?时,电流越大,功率越大,小灯越亮
当电流不变?时,电阻越大,功率越大,小灯越亮
4)根据以上情?况我们可以?得到: 凡是电流\电压越大,小灯泡也就?越亮 而电阻的话?要依照2\3种情况进?行讨论 --------------------------------------
范文三:1、小亮测量小灯泡电阻的实验,小灯泡额定电压为25V,已
1、小亮测量小灯泡电阻的实验,小灯泡额定电压为2.5V,已经连接了如图所示的部分电路。 (1)请你在错误的一处地方打叉,并做出正确的导线。
(2)闭合开关之前,应将滑片移到滑动变阻器的 (填“最左”或“最右”)端,目的是为了( )实验过程中滑动变阻器的作用( ) (3)当电压表的示数为2.5V时,电流表的示数如图乙所示,小灯泡的电阻是 Ω; (4)小亮移动滑片又测量了两次数据后发现,三次测得的灯光的电阻相差较大,与其他同学交流也是同样的情况,由此总结得出:当灯泡两端的电压增大时,通过灯泡的电流增大,灯泡的亮度 (填“变亮”或“变暗”),灯泡的电阻 。
(5)测灯泡电阻测量3 次的目的,
(6)测量定值电阻测量3次的目的:
(7)测量小灯泡的功率3次的目的:
2(某实验小组做“伏安法测量电阻”的实验,所用的器材有:电压为3V的电源,待测电
阻R,以及符合实验要求的滑动变阻器、电流表、电压表、导线和开关。图(甲)是x
没有连接完整的实物电路。
(1)请你用笔画线代替导线将实物电路连接完整。
(2)连好电路闭合开关前,应将滑动变阻器滑片P置于_________端
(4)排除故障后进行实验,当电压表示数为2.4V时电流表的
示数如图(乙)所示,这时电流为_____A,他们利用此
组数据即得出该待测电阻R的阻值,结束了实验。你 x
认为他们这种做法有何不妥,答___________________。、
(6)画出电路图
4(小明在光具座上,用蜡烛、凸透镜和光屏“探究凸透镜成像的规律”: (1)实验前,小明将所用凸透镜正对太阳,调整凸透镜的位置,当在地面上得到一个最小
最亮的光斑时,测得该光斑到镜面中心的距离为l0cm。此操作是测量凸透镜的 。 (2)实验时,把凸透镜放在光具座刻度50cm处,蜡烛放在刻度20cm处,如下图。通过移动光屏,在光屏上得到清晰的倒立、 (填“放大”“缩小”或“等大”)的实像。 (3)若保持凸透镜位置不变,把蜡蚀放在光具座刻度45cm处,凸透镜成像的特点是
(从像的大小、倒正和虚实三个方面填写)。 “照相机、“放大镜”、“幻灯机”三件光学仪器中, 是利用凸透镜成像的这一规律制成的。
5(如图甲是伏安法测电阻实验的电路图,图乙是该实验需要的电压表(量程3V、 15V)、电流表(量程0.6A、3A)、滑动变阻器(0,20Ω),两节干电池、开关、待测电阻R(4,10Ω)的实物图。
(1)连接电路时开关应 ,电流表的量程应选 A,电压表的量程应选 V。 (2)图甲中,在闭合开关前,滑片P应位于滑动变阻器的最 端(填“左”或“右”)。
(3)根据图甲提供的电路图,用笔画线代替导线,将下面乙图的实物连接成实验电路。
6(在研究凸透镜成实像的规律时,甲组同学安装的器材如图12所示,他们在实验中只能在光屏上看到一个残缺的像,造成这一现象的原因是 。乙组同学安装的器材如图13所示,光屏上得到了一个清晰的像。在不改变烛焰和光屏位置的前提下,当把凸透镜移到某一位置时,光屏上再次出现一个烛焰的像。他们是把凸透镜向 (选填“左”、“右”)移动到该位置的,新出现的像是 (选填“缩小”、“放大”)的 (选填“实”、“虚”)像。
图12 图13
7、(小明同学喝牛奶时想知道牛奶的密度,于是他进行如下实验:
(1)?把天平放在水平桌面上,将游码移到标尺左端的 处,发现指针指向分度盘右侧,此时他应向 (填“左”或“右”)端调节平衡螺母,使指针指在分度盘的中线处。
?在烧杯中倒入适量的牛奶,用天平称得烧杯和牛奶的总质量为240g。 ?把烧杯中部分牛奶倒入量筒中,用天平称出烧杯和剩余牛奶的总质量,天平平衡后所用的砝码和游码的位置如图14所示,烧杯和剩余牛奶的总质量为 g。
3?读出量筒中牛奶的体积为10cm 。
3?计算出牛奶的密度为ρ= g/cm 牛奶
(2)小明同学很聪明,他在没有量筒,只有天平、足量的水(已知水的密度为ρ)、杯子和水笔的情况下,能测出牛奶的密度。请将他的实验步骤补充完整。
?用天平称出空杯子的质量m。 o
?往杯中倒入适量的水,在水面处对杯子作标记,用天平称出杯和水的总质量m 。 l?将水倒掉并擦干杯子,再向杯中倒牛奶至 ,用天平称出牛奶和杯的总质量m。 2?根据以上测量的物理量写出牛奶密度表达式:ρ= 。 牛奶
8(小明同学做“测定小灯泡的电功率”实验,所用滑动变阻器上标有“20Ω 2A”字样,待测小灯的额定电压为“2.2V”、“3.8V”和“6.3V”中的一个。
(1)图15是他所用的实验电路,其中有一根导线尚未连接,请用笔线代替导线补上。补上后要求:闭合电键S前,若将变阻器的滑片向左移动,能使它接入电路中的电阻最大。
图15 图16
(2)他正确连接电路,闭合电键后,发现小灯发光较暗,电流表、电压表示数如图16所示。则通过小灯的电流为_________安,所用的电源电压为______伏,小灯的额定电压为_____V
)为了较精确地测出小灯的额定功率,在不更换实验器材的条件下,小明同学想了一个(3
巧妙的办法,对所连接的电路进行了调整。闭合电键后,他调节变阻器的滑片位置,当电压表的示数为______伏时,小灯正常发光,此时变阻器滑片的位置恰好在中点上(即滑动变阻器连入电路的电阻为10欧),小灯的额定功率为_________瓦。
9、小丽做“测量小灯泡电功率”的实验,如图11所示是实验所用到的器材 (1)用笔画线代替导线,将下列还没有连接的器材按实验需要连接完整
(2)完成电路连接井闭合开关后,小丽发现灯泡不亮、电流表无示数、电压表示数接近电源电压(3v) 出现故障的可能原因是 (填字母代号)
A(灯泡短路 B(灯泡断路 C(电压表短路 D(电流表断路 (3)排除电路故障后,灯泡正常发光时,电压表的示数是25V(电流表示数如图l2所示,此时小灯泡的电功率是 w
10、.利用图19所示的实物连接电路图,既可以测定小灯泡的电阻,又可以测定小灯泡的电功率.
(1)前者的实验原理是______________________;后者
的实验原理是______________.
(2)小明同学按实验原理连接好电路.闭合开关,电流
表指针几乎不动,电压表指针有明显偏转.然后移动滑
动变阻器的滑片,最终,他发现无论怎样移动滑片,两
表指针均几乎不动.请你指出电路的故障.
(3)在这两个实验中,都要调整滑动变阻器的滑片.请你说出这一操作主要目的有什么不同.
11.在探究“水的沸腾”的实验中,甲、乙两组同学分别使用A、B两套装置(如图20)来完成
实验.
(1)图21a、b所示的是观察水沸腾实验中出现的两种情景,其中水沸腾时的情景为______
(2)甲组观察水沸腾时温度计的示数如图22所示,他们所测水的沸点是_____________.
他们所选择的装置应是___________(填A或B).
(3)分析评估A、B两套装置.
12.小明利用装有细沙的盒子、小桌、砝码、木块等器材,探究“重力势能的大小与哪些因素有关”,其过程如图17所示
(1)小明通过观察什么来判断重力势能的大小?
采用什么研究方法,
(2)分析比较甲、乙两图中的实验现象,得出的结论是什么?
(3)图乙和图丙探究的问题是什么?
13、实验小组在“测量小灯泡的电功率”实验中,被测量的小灯泡的额定电压是2.5V。实验中,先要设计一个电路图,再按照你设计的电路图连接好实物,小组的组员小明同学设计好电路图后,将桌面的实物连接成如图14(2)所示。
(1)请你将小明设计的电路图画在图14(1)的方框内;
(2)请你按照电路图将图14(2)的实物未完成的连接导线用笔线代替连接完整; (3)闭合开关,将滑动变阻器的滑片适当调整,直到电压表的示数为2.5V,这是电流表的示数如图15所示,则通过小灯泡的电流为_________A,灯泡的额定功率是________W; (4)整个实验需要测量小灯泡在那几种状态下的电功率,
答:_______________________________________________________________。
(1) 图14 (2) 图15 14(“帕斯卡裂桶实验”的演示,激发了学生“探究影响液体压强大小因素”的兴趣。他们设计了如下图所示的实验探究方案,图(a)、(b)、(d)中金属盒在液体中的深度相同。实验测得几种情况下压强计的U形管两侧液面高度差的大小关系是h,h,h,h。 4123
(1)实验中液体压强的大小变化是通过比较_______来判断的,这种方法通常称为转换
法。
(2)由图(a)和图____两次实验数据比较可以得出:液体的压强岁深度的增加而增大。 (3)由图(a)和图(d)两次实验数据比较可以得出:_________________________
范文四:测小灯泡的电阻
测小灯泡的电阻
15、图—18是测定小灯泡电阻的实验电路图,电压表有0~3V和0~15V两个量程,小灯泡额定电压为2.5V。
(1)实验中闭合开关前,滑片P应放在滑动变阻器的 端(选填“左”
或“右”)
(2)根据电路图连接实物(图—19)
(3)实验过程中,当滑动变阻器的滑片向右滑动时电压表的示数 (填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”);小灯泡突然熄灭,电压表有示数,而电流表却无示数,则出现故障的原因可能是小灯泡发生了 路。 (4)排除故障后,根据实验测得的数据,画出了小灯泡的电流随电压变化的图象,如图—20所示,分析图象:当小灯泡两端的电压为1V时,小灯泡的电阻为 Ω;小灯泡的额定功率为 W。 16、小楠同学想测量一个定值电阻的阻值。
(1)如图14甲是小楠设计的实验电路,请你依图甲用笔画线代替导线在图14乙中将没有连接完的实物电路补充完整,并要求滑动变阻器向左移动时电流表示数变大。
(2)连接好电路后,小楠进行了实验,但是由于小楠同学的疏忽,做完实验后才发现,把测量的电流值都写在草稿纸上而忘了填入记录表格中。请你帮助小楠同学把记录在草稿纸上的电流值填入表中。 实验次数 1 2 3
电压U/V 1.0 1.8 2.5
电流I/A
(3)完成上述实验后,小楠同学想用原电路测量一个额定电压为2.5V
的小灯泡的电阻。小楠同学用灯泡替换了电阻,闭合开关后,调节滑动变阻器,测得五组实验数据如下表所示: 实验电压表读电流表读灯泡电灯泡电阻的平均值/Ω
次数 数/V 数/A 阻/Ω
1 0.5 0.16 3.13
2 1.0 0.20 5.00 R=
3 1.5 0.27 5.56
4 2.0 0.32 6.25
5 2.5 0.34 7.35
a. 根据上述表格,计算出小灯泡的额定功率是 W。
b.你认为她的表格设计合理吗,为什么,
c.根据上述实验数据,小楠画出小灯泡的电流随其两端电压变化的关系曲线,如图15,由图可知灯泡电阻的变化规律是
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18、小乐想用电源、一个电流表、两只开关和阻值己知的电阻R测量电阻Rx的阻值。并连接了如图12甲所示0
电路进行实验。只闭合开关S时测得电流表的示数为I;闭合开关S和S时测得电流表的示数为I,则电阻11122Rx中的电流为 ,Rx, (用I、I和R表示)。小明认为此电路不妥,缺少了滑动变阻器,120
他设计了另外一种电路,如图12乙所示,他认为只闭合开关S电流表测得的是R中的电流,只闭合开关S电102流表测得的是Rx中的电流,这样也可以测量电阻Rx的阻值。请你帮助说明一下,在测量电阻的电路中加了滑动变阻器的好处是 ,但是小明的这种测法 (选填“正确”或“不正确”),理由是 。
19、)楠楠同学在资料上看到了一份材料,某大学物理系的同学在测定额定电压为2.5V小灯泡的电阻的实验中,得到部分U和I的数据如下表所示:
实验次数 1 2 3 4 5 6
U/V 0.20 0.80 1.40 2.00 2.50 3.00
I/A 0.O2 0.O8 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.2l (1)从材料中可知,该小灯泡正常发光时的电阻为 ,额定电功率为 。 (2)楠楠还想利用初中的物理
实验器材,通过实验来验证上
述表格中的每一组数据是否正
确,于是她又设计了如图8甲
所示的电路图,同时找来了实
验器材并连接了部分实物电
路,其中电源用的是2节新干
电池,滑动变阻器的电阻可在
0,50内调节。
?请你用笔画线代替导线,按
照图8甲所示电路图,帮楠楠
将图8乙中的实物电路图连接完整;
?闭合开关前,滑动变阻器的滑片应移到 端(选填“A或B”);实验中,由于操作不小心等原因,导致无论怎么移动滑片,发现灯泡始终不亮,电压表有示数,电流表几乎无示数,则电路可能出现的故障是 (写出一种即可)。
?楠楠通过这个实验来验证上述表格中的每一组实验数据的正确性,你认为楠楠能做到吗?请简要说明理
。 由。
20、如图12甲所示是“测
量小灯泡的电功率”的电
路图,图12乙是实物连接
图。其中电源是两节新干
电池,小灯泡的额定电压
为2(5V,滑动变阻器上标
有“10Ω lA”。
(1)图12乙已连接了部分
电路,请用笔画线代替导
线按照电路图将未连接的
电路连接完整
(2)小明同学连接好电路后,闭合开关时发现灯光特别亮,这表明他在闭合开关前没有 ; loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
(3)调节滑片P使电压表的示数为2(5V,此时电流表的示数如图12丙所示,则该灯泡的额定功率为 w。若要增大小灯泡的电功率,则滑片P应向 移动;
(4)在完成以上实验后,小明进一步测量并描绘出小灯泡的电流随电压变化的曲线如图13所示,通过图像发现灯丝的电阻是变化的,这一现象表明: ;
(5)有一位同学在连接好电路后,闭合开关,在移动滑动变阻器滑片P的过程中发
现:灯泡变亮时电压表示数变小;灯泡变暗时,电压表示数变大。经检查所用器材
完好,出现这种现象的原因可能是 。
21、实验室中要测量一个阻值约为数百欧的电阻(提供的器材有:电源(电压约5V)、
学生用电压表(0,6V)和、导线若干(现要、电阻箱R(0,9999Ω 5A)、开关SS12
测量待测电阻Rx的阻值,设计了如图甲所示的实验电路图(
(1)小虎进行的实验过程如下:
?根据实验电路图,连接成如图乙所示的实物电路,但存在连接错误,只需改动一根导线,即可使电路连接正确,请在接错的导线上打“×",并用笔画线代替导线画出正确的接法(
,将拨到触点1时,电压表的读数为,则电源电压为 ?电路连接正确后,闭合SSU ( 121
?闭合S,将S拨到触点2,当电阻箱的阻值调为R时,电压表的示数为U,则待测电阻的阻值1202Rx= (
(2)如果实验器材中没有提供电压表,现再提供一只电流表(0,0.6A),利用上述器材,你认为 (选填“能”或“不能”)较准确测出该待测电阻的阻值,原因是 (
22、(10?十堰)在用“伏安法测导体电阻”的实验中
(,)(,分)小强连接的实物图如图,,,还有两根未连上,请帮助其完成实物图连接。 (,)(,分)请按小强连接的实物图画出实验电路图。
(,)(,分)小强在完成电路图连接后,开始进行如下实验:(在空白处填空)
第一步:调节滑动变阻器的滑片,至 端(填,或,),使连入电路中电阻最大。 第二步:闭合开关S,调节滑片,的位置,读出电流表和电压表的示数并记录数据。
第三步:断开开关,,根据电压值和电流值,求出,
(,)(,分)若电压表和电流表的示数如图,,所示,则,, 。
(,)(,分)从实验步骤看,存在的主要缺陷是 。
23、(10?桂林)如图19所示,是小明的实验小组在“测量小灯泡的电阻”实验中连接的一个实验电路,所用小灯泡标有“2.5V”字样。
(1)请指出电路连接中的两个不当之处:
? ; loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
? 。
(2)他们改正电路连接中的不当之处后,闭合开关,移动变阻器滑片时,发现两
电表的示数和灯泡的亮度都同时变化,但两电表的示数总是比较小,灯泡的亮
度也较弱。出现这种现象的原因是: 。
(3)电路正常后,他们分别测出了小灯泡的几组电压和电流值。记录如下:
?小灯泡正常工作时的电阻大小约为 ;
?通过分析实验数据可知,小灯泡的电阻是 (填写“不变”或“变化”)的,其原因是: 。
(4)实验结束,小明提出了一个探究设想:可以利用图19中的实验器材来探究“并联电路中干路电流与各支路电流有什么关系”。
?请帮他们设计一个实验方案,将电路图画在虚线框中;
?在实验探究过程中,滑动变阻器不但可以改变电路中的电流,它还是电路中的一个 ,但在移动
滑片时一定要注意 。
24、(10?柳州)图l4是小明研究小灯泡电阻的实验电路图,图l5是根据实验数据绘出的U-I图。小灯泡标有“2 V”字样,滑动变阻器R标有“20Ω 1 A”字样。
(1)闭合开关前,小明应将滑动变阻器的滑片移到__________端。该实验中,滑动变阻器的作用是保护电路和________________。
(2)小明闭合开关后发现灯不亮,电流表有示数,电压表无示数,故障原因可能是
_________________________________________________________。
(3)小灯泡正常发光时,灯丝的电阻为_________________Ω:
(4)同桌小华想用小明的实验器材测未知电阻嗽的阻值,但他发现电压表已经损坏而无法使用,经过思考后,他从物理老师那里借采了一只定值电阻R、两只开关和若干导线。 0
?请你利用小华手边现有的器材,在右框中为小华设计一个测量未知电阻阻值的实验电路图(部分电路已画出);
?写出R的表达式: X
Rx=_________________。 25、(10大理)在“用电流表和电压表测小灯泡的电阻”实验中:
loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
(1)如图所示,小明所连接的实验电路存在连接错误,但只需改动一根导线,即可使电路连接正确,请你在应改动的导线上打“×”,并用笔画线代替导线画成正确的接法。
(2)电路正确连接后,闭合开关,小灯泡不亮,电流表无示数,电压表示数接近于电源电压,出现这一故障的原因可能是 。
(3)排除故障后,小明同学进行了三次测量,数据记录如右表所示,其中,电压为2V时电流表的示数如图所示,请将表格中的数据补充完整。
(4)分析以上实验数据,小明发现小灯泡的电阻值存在明显差异,原因可能是
。
26、小明设计了一种测量未知电阻R的实验方案,并选择了合适的器材,测量x
电路如图 所示,电源电压恒定,滑动变阻器最大阻值未知,在A、B两点间接
人的元件每次只能是电阻箱或未知电阻R x
(1)请你帮他完成相关实验内容:
?将 接入A、B两点间;
?闭合开关,移动滑动变阻器滑片到某一合适位置时,记下 ;
?断开开关,取下A、B间的元件,将 接在A、B 两点间;
?闭合开关,调节 ,使 ;
?读出 ,即可知道R的阻值( x
(2)小明测量电阻R,的方法,在科学研究中经常用到,下面四个研究实例中,
采用这种研究方法的是 .
A(力是看不见的,可以通过力的作用效果认识它
B(根据磁铁吸引大头针多少判定磁铁磁性的强弱
C(用总电阻表示同一段电路中串联的两个电阻
D(用磁感线的疏密程度表示磁场的强弱
27、楠楠同学在资料上看到了一份材料,某大学物理系的同学在测定额定电压为2.5V灯泡的电阻的实验中,得到部分U和I的数据如下表所示:
实验次数 1 2 3 4 5 6
U/V 0.20 0.80 1.40 2.00 2.50 3.00
I/A 0.02 0.08 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.21 (1)楠楠想根据表中的数据,画出该小灯泡的电流随电压变化的图像,于是她设计了如图所示的坐标图。 ?请你帮楠楠在坐标图中画出该小灯泡的电流随电压变化的图像;
?从材料或图像中可知,该小灯泡的额定电流为_____A,正常发光时的电阻为______Ω。 loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
(2)楠楠还想利用初中的物理实验器材,通过实验来验证上述表格中的每一组数据是否正确,于是她又设计了如图甲所法的电路图,同时找来了实验器材并连接了部分实物电路,其中电源用的是2节新干电池,滑动变阻器的电阻可在0~50Ω内调节。
?请你用笔画线代替导线,按照图甲所示的电路图,帮楠楠将图乙中的实物电路连接完整。 ?闭合开关前,滑动变阻器的滑片应移到___________端(选填“A”或“B”);实验中,由于操作不小心,导致电压表的示数变为零,电流表的示数增大,则电路中可能出现的故障是
________________________________________________。
?楠楠通过这个实验来验证上述表格中的每一组实验数据的正确性,你认为楠楠能做到吗,请简要说明理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________。
28、在测量小灯泡的电阻时:
(1)图是甲组同学连接的实验电路,电路中有一根导线连接不正确,清你在错误的导线上画“×”,并补画出正确的导线。
(2)电路错误改正后,甲组同学调节滑动变阻器的滑片,使电压表示数为2. 5V时,电流表示数如图12所示,此时通过小灯泡的电流为________A。
(3)表l是乙组同学所测量的实验数据,分析表中数据,他们发现电流和电压的关系与其他组不同,请你判断乙组同学所连接的实验电路应该是图13中________。
电阻 实验 电压 电流
次数 U/V I/A R,
1 2(5 0(08 31(3
2 2 0(1 20
3 1(5 0(14 10(7
4 1 0(18 5(6
29、在用伏安法测小灯泡电阻的实验中,
(1)在图甲中,请你用笔画线将电压表正确连入电路;
loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
(2)在闭合开关之前,图中滑动变阻器的滑片应放在 端(填“左”或“右”);
(3)连接完电路后,闭合开关,无论怎样移动滑片,灯泡都不发光,电流表示数为零,电压表的示数为3V,这可能是由
于 造成的;
(4)某次实验时电压表和电流表的示数如图乙所示,此时小灯泡的电阻为 Ω;
(5)若小明同学在做实验时,移动滑片的位置,多次测量过程中观察到电压表和电流表的示数大小变化是相反的,则产生该现象的原因可能是 。
30、如图是小伟研究“2.5V 1W”的小灯泡灯丝电阻的实物连线图:
(1)在连线图中有一处错误,只需改动一根导线,就可以使电路正确连接,请你在需要改动的导线上打“×”,并用笔画线代替导线画出正确的接法(
(2)在正确连接好电路后,某次测量中电流表示数为0.30 A,为测得额定电压下的灯丝电阻,滑动变阻器滑片P应向________端移动(填“左”或“右”)(
(3)小伟测得了灯丝在三种不同电压下的阻值,然后求出它们的平均值当作灯丝的电阻,你认为这种做法对吗?并说明理由。
答:____________________________________________________________________。
31、(5分)在“测定小灯泡的电阻”实验中,有如下器材:电压表、电流表、开关、电压为6V的电源、“3(8V、1(5W”的小灯泡、标有“20,1(5A”的滑动变阻器,导线若干。
甲 乙 (1)请用笔画线代替导线,按照图甲所示的电路图,将图乙的实物电路连接完整(要求连线不得交叉,电流表的量程选择要恰当);
(2)甲组同学连接好最后一根导线,灯泡立即发出明亮耀眼的光并很快熄灭。检查后,发现连线正确,请你找出实验中两个操作不当之处:
?___________________________________
?___________________________________。
(3)乙组同学闭合开关后,发现小灯泡不亮,但电流表有示数。接下来应进行的操作是 A(更换小灯泡 B(检查电路是否断路 C(移动滑动变阻器滑片,观察小灯泡是否发光
(4)下表是按正确的操作测得的数据,从表中计算出三次小灯泡的阻值不相等,其原因是____________________________。
实验次数 1 2 3
电压U,V 2.0 3.0 3.8
电流I,A 0.33 0.34 0.40
6.0 8.8 9.5 电阻R,
loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
参考答案
15、(1)右 (2)图略
(3)变大 断
(4)5 0.75 实验次数 1 2 3
电压U/V 1.0 1.8 2.5 16、(1)如下图(画
对两条才能给1电流I/A 0.17 0.30 0.42
分)
(2)填入电流值在上表中(全部填对得1分)
(3)a. 0.85(1分)
b. 她的表格设计不合理(1分);测量小灯泡电阻实验的实验目的是研究小灯泡的电阻随电压变化而变化的规
律,所以不需要也不能取不同电压下的平均值。(1分)
c.由图可知灯泡的电阻随着电压的增大而增大(1分)
18、(I—I)(2分) Rx= I R/(I—I)(2分) 保护电路 可以进行多次测量((2分,答“改变电211021
路中的电流或电阻两端的电压”可给分) 不正确(1分) 电流表的正负接线柱接反(1分)
19、(1)12.5、0.5
(2)?请你用笔画线代替导线,按照图8甲所示电路图,帮楠楠将图8乙中的实物电路图连接完整
?B、灯处有断路 ?不能,最小电流达不到0.02A,灯两端的电压也达不到3V 20、(2)将滑动变阻器的滑片调到最大阻值端
(3)0.75 左
(4)电阻随温度的变化而变化
(5)电压表与滑动变阻器并联
21、(1)?如图所示(2分)
?U(2分) 1
(2分) ?
(2)不能(1分)
电路中电阻大,电流小,不能准确读出电流表示数
22、(,)如图所示。
loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
23、(1)?电压表没有并联在小灯泡两端(电压表并联在了变阻器的两端)
?电压表量程选择过大(电流表量程选择过大)
(2)电源电压过低
(3)?10.4Ω ?变化 小灯泡发光时,温度升高造成电阻变化
(4)?电路图如右图所示 ?电阻(用电器) 电阻值不能为零
24、
25、(1)
(2)小灯泡断路
(3)
(4)灯丝电阻受温度影响
26、(1)?未知电阻R ?电压表示数U ?电阻箱 ?电阻箱 电压表示数仍为U?电阻箱示数 (2)x
C 【解析】考查点:等效替代法测电阻。分析:本题利用等效替代法测电阻,其思路是:在相同条件下未知电阻R与电阻箱的电阻对电路的效果相同(电流压示数相等)时,电阻箱接入电路的电阻R与待测电阻R值相xx等。具体操作是:在AB间接入未知电阻,用电压表测量出未知电阻R两端的电压为U,然后再换接电阻箱,改x
变电阻箱的阻值,使电压表的示数仍变为原来的数值U。这里用电阻箱R等效替代了待测电阻R。在研究串联x电路的电阻关系时引入“等效电阻”的概念,也是利用了这一“等效替代”的研究方法。 27、(1)?如图(描点画出并连线)?0.20A;12.5Ω
(2)?见上图;?A;灯泡短路?不能做到,因为电源电压才3V,导线和电源都有电阻,灯泡两端的电压不可能达到3V;最小电流也不能达到0.02A。
)?画图像时,利用描点法对相应的电压及电流画出即【解析】考查点:测量小灯泡电阻的实验。分析:(1
可;?从实验数据或图像中可以看出当电压为2.5V时,小灯泡的电流为0.20A,根据欧姆定律可以算出小灯泡正常发光时电阻为12.5Ω。(2)?主要是电流表量程的选择,因为电源是两节电池,电压约为3V,而小灯泡的电阻约10欧姆作用,电流则约为0.3A,故电流表量程选择0,0.3A即可,电压表选择0,3V即可;滑动变阻器由于没有特殊要求,只要接法正确即可(一上一下接);?根据图中接法,为了保护电路,闭合开关前,滑动变阻器阻值应达到最大值,需要将画片移至左端,即A端。电流表示数增大,说明电路没有发生断路,而是短路,电压表示数变为零,说明电压表测量部分被短路,即灯泡被短路;?不能做到的原因是,楠楠选择的电源电压为3V,导线和电源都有电阻,灯泡两端的电压不可能达到3V,这样第六组数据就不能得到验证,再者,即使滑动变阻器全部接入电路,小灯泡两端的电压也高于0.2V,电流中的最小电流要比0.02A大得多。难点突破:此题中的难点有两个:一是电流表量程的选择,在选择时要根据电源电压及小灯泡电阻进行粗略计算,再选择,此时不要考虑滑动变阻器的阻值,因为滑动变阻器可以接入电路电阻为零;另一个难点是最后分析楠楠实验能否达到目的,这应该从测量过程中能否对表格中的每一个数
据都进行验证入手考虑分析。
28、 (I)如图答2所示 (2)0.26 (3)D loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
29、
左、
(3)与电压表并联的那部分电路某处断路(具体指明哪处断路的也可)、10、(5)电压表并联在了滑动变阻器两端(意思相同即可得分)
30、 (1)如图所示(标出错误1分,画出正确连线1分,共2分);
(2)右(1分);
(3)不对,测量中不同状态下灯丝电阻是不同的。(结论1分,原因1分,共
2分,意思相近即可得分)
31、(1)如图(1分)
(2)?连接电路时没断开开关(1分)
?滑动变阻器没调到最大阻值(1分)
(3)C(1分)
(4)灯丝电阻与温度有关(1分)
loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature:
范文五:测小灯泡的电阻
第十四章第三节〈〈测量小灯泡的电阻学案〉〉
(1)应用欧姆定律,学习一种测量电阻的方法(伏安法)。
(2)会同时使用电压表和电流表, 了解钨的电阻特性。
重点:学习用伏安法测电阻;了解钨的电阻特性。
难点:通过测量小灯泡的电阻,了解欧姆定律的应用,知道测量型实验的基本要求。
一 提出问题
1、欧姆定律的内容及数学表达式是什么?
2、如何根据欧姆定律求出一段导体的电阻?
3、如果要测出一段导体的电阻,需要测出的物理量有哪些?
它们各由什么仪表进行测量?
说明:我们把用电压表和电流表测电阻的方法叫伏安法。
二 制定计划
(一)实验目的:1、用伏安法测电阻; 2、研究电阻与温度的关系
(二)实验器材:
(三)实验原理:
(四)方法与步骤: 1、小组讨论设计电路图 画在右边的方框中
2、进行实验收集数据 注意: A 、按一定的顺序进行连接,开关应是 的
B 、电压表、 电流表的连接时要注意
C 、滑动变阻器的滑片移到 位置。
D 、观察每个小灯泡的金属灯口上标着的正常工作的电压。接通电源后,通过变阻器把电压调到该电压值,测量时从该电压开始逐次降低,获得几组数据。
读数要准、要快,每一次记录后要断开电路,不用求三次数据的平均值
思考
1、为什么每一次记录后要断开电路?
2、为什么不用求三次数据的平均值?
(五)分析论证、得出结论
1、利用R=U/I,计算得出小灯泡的电阻
2、结论:电灯越亮,电阻 。温度升高,电阻随着 。
(六)交流与评估
1、学生之间交流结论与分析论证的方法,
2、评估实验方案优缺点及改进建议。
1、某同学做“用电流表、电压表测电阻”的实验,在连接电路时,开关应处于_ ___状态
(填“闭合”或“断开”) 。测量时,该同学多次改变滑动变阻器滑片的位置是为了___ ___。
2、在“伏安法测电阻”的实验中,滑动变阻器不能起到的作用是( )
A 改变电路中的电流 B改变被测电阻两端的电压
C 改变被测电阻的阻值 D保护电路
3、如图1是小明同学用伏安法测定灯泡电阻的电路图,当他闭合开关S 时,发现电流表的示数为零,而电压表的示数不为零,出现这种故障的原因可能是( )
A .灯泡L 短路 B.开关S 接触不良
C .灯泡L 断路 D.变阻器R 断路 4、如图2为某同学测定小灯泡电阻的实物连接图. 在电压表尚未接入电路之前,已存在两处明显的连接错误,请你指出:
①
②
假定错误已纠正并且原电流方向不变,请在图中用笔画线,将电压线接入电路. 并画出出电路图。
图1 图2
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