聊天请叫我妈丶
范文一：现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法
现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法
今天我们要学习的语法是：现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法。
我们先看看现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
Eg. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
Eg. Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands)
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)
Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.
____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。
No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995, 6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。 Eg. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
2. 分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。
Eg. This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership
with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
3. 分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find,
glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
【例如】On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him doing something else in class.
4. 过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。
【例如】You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
I expected you well prepared for the examination.
在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
【例】I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5. 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。
【例】The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it. His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt ______ at his response.
通过以上的详细讲解，相信大家对现在分词和过去分词都有了一定的了解和认识，希望大家都能掌握好英语语法，真正学好英语！
范文二：hang的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
hang的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
hang这个英语单词我们都学过了～那么你知道hang的过去式、过去分词和现在分词是什么吗?下面是学习啦小编为你整理的hang的过去式、过去分词和现在分词的相关资料～希望对你有所帮助!
hang的过去式、过去分词和现在分词 过去式: hung hanged
过去分词: hung、hanged
v.悬( hang的过去式和过去分词 ); (被)绞死; 贴; 逗留
现在分词: hanging
n.绞死; 绞刑; (墙上装饰用的)帘子; 帷幔
adj.应处以死刑的; 量刑偏重的;
v.悬( hang的现在分词 ); (被)绞死; 贴; 逗留
hang
v. 悬挂;(使)低垂;悬浮(在空中);逗留;绞死
n. 悬挂方式;悬挂;绞刑
hanged和hung的造句 1. He hanged himself two
hours after arriving at a mental hospital.
在到精神病医院两小时后他就上吊自杀了。
2. At nine the next morning Bentley was pinioned,
hooded and hanged.
次日上午9点～本特里被捆住双臂、戴上头罩～然后
绞死了。
3. The five were expected to be hanged at 7 am on Tuesday.
那5个人将在周二早上7点被施以绞刑。
4. He was hanged for his crimes.
他因犯罪而被处绞刑.
5. The criminal was hanged.
那个罪犯被绞死.
6. A mirror hung on a nail above the washstand.
脸盆架上方用钉子挂着一面镜子。
句
7. Red, white and blue bunting hung in the city’s
renovated train station.
红、白、蓝彩旗装点着该市修复一新的火车站。
8. I made for the life raft and hung on for dear life.
我游到救生筏前～死命地抓住它。
9. Looking back, she feels she should never have hung up her backpack.
回首过去～她觉得自己真不该放下背包不再徒步旅
行。
10. It was a time when people weren’t so hung-up
about health.
那时人们不太关注健康。
现在分词hanging的用法 1. In the present
climate, owners are hanging on to old ships.
在目前的形势下～船东们都不愿淘汰掉旧船。
2. People are still hanging out drinking beer, maybe shooting some pool.
人们仍聚在那里喝啤酒～可能还会打会儿台球。
3. I found his jacket, which was hanging up in the hallway.
我找到了他那件夹克衫～就在门厅里挂着。
4. He got sick of hanging around waiting for me.
他等我都等烦了。
5. He was still hanging around, swigging the Coke out of the can.
他还在闲逛～拿着一罐可乐大口大口地喝着。
6. Scoop the blanket weed out and use it to line hanging baskets.
把那些丝状水藻捞出来～垫在吊篮里。
7. Keegan announced he was hanging up his boots
for good.
基冈宣布自己将挂靴～永远退出足坛。
8. I’m just going to be hanging around twiddling my thumbs.
我只会闲呆着～什么事也不做。
9. His breath was hanging in the air before him.
他的哈气悬浮在自己面前。
10. She would spend the day hanging round street corners.
她会整天在街角附近游荡
范文三：现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。
1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：
surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)
surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)
an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)
excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)
a moving film 一部感动人的影片。
A moved audience 受感动的观众
A tiring journey 累人的旅行
A tired football player 累了的足球运动员
He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。
She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如： the risen sun 升起的太阳
fallen leaves 落叶
the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹
a retired miner 退休矿工
returned students 归国留学生
2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：
the changing world 正在变化着的世界
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
boiling water 正在开的水
boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
分词和分词短语的用法
1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：
I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。
He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。
分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如： China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。
(= which belongs to the Third World)
The man sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)
Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)
2)作表语
The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。
The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。
He is married.他已经结婚了。
[注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的
形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：
Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)
His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)
The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)
The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)
3)作状语：分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。
a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：
Looking out of the window，I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I looked out of the window)
Heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)
Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took...这两个动作是一个接着一个)
[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。
When heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。
1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：
surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)
surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)
an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)
excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)
a moving film 一部感动人的影片。
A moved audience 受感动的观众
A tiring journey 累人的旅行
A tired football player 累了的足球运动员
He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。 She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如： the risen sun 升起的太阳
fallen leaves 落叶
the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹
a retired miner 退休矿工
returned students 归国留学生
2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：
the changing world 正在变化着的世界
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
boiling water 正在开的水
boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
分词和分词短语的用法
1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：
I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。
He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。
分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如： China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。
(= which belongs to the Third World)
The man sitting it the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)
Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)
2)作表语
The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。
The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。
He is married.他已经结婚了。
[注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：
Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)
His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)
The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态) The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)
3)作状语分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。
a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：
Looking out of the window，I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I locked out of the window)
Heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)
Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took...这两个动作是一个接着一个)
[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。
When heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。
b)表示原因(在意义上相当于表示原因的状语从句)。如：
Feeling tired, I telephoned and said I couldn’t come to a hospital of Chinese medicine.我感到
累，打电话说我不能去。(= Since I felt tired)
Thinking that Chinese medicine might help，he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效，于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thought that...)
Inspired by the excellent situation they worked even harder.在太好形势的鼓舞下，他们更加努力工作。(= Since they are inspired by...)
c)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如：
He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式) She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况或方式)
The child fell，striking head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。(结果)
He went out slamming the door.他走出去砰地一声把门关上。(伴随情况)
The lichens came borne by storms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)
分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成。如：
Not knowing what to do，she went to the teacher for help.她不知道该怎么办，就去请老师帮助。
I left at noon，not staying for lunch.我是中午走的，没有留下来吃午饭。
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。如：
The boy was left uncared for.那孩子无人照管。
含有分词的复合宾语
分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等等。如：
We saw them walking across the road.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。
We heard the children singing “I Love Beijing’s Tian An Men”我们听见孩子们唱《我爱北京天安门》。
I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.我发现故乡几乎全部改建过了。
在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成。如：
We must get the television set repaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)
I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的)
If we have shortcomings，we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指出。(请别人指出)
但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。如： He had his arm broken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)
[注一]上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。如上面的第一、二例句即可变为：
They were seen walking across the road.
The children were heard singing “I Love Beijing Tian An Men”。
[注二]现在分词在复合宾语中和动词不定式在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正在继续的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，其含义相当于进行时态。如：
I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事) I saw him going upstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景)
I was working in the room all morning" I heard somebody knock at the next door.我整个上午在房间工作，听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)
When I went back to the room，I heard her practicing singing in the next room.我回房
间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了)
现在分词的时态
过去分词没有时态形式的变化，所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。
1)现在分词的时态形式
一般式writing
完成式having written
2)现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。如：
Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.
我们在和白求恩大夫一起工作期间，向他学到很多东西。
(working与leamt同时发生)
Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began to make preparations.他们知道他们下星期要出国，所以都开始作准备。(knowing发生在began之前)
He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”他来到我跟前说道，“很高兴又见到你。”(saying发生在came之后)
3)现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：
Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not having done it right, I tried again.没有做对，我就又试。
(not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)
现在分词的被动语态
一般式being written
完成式having been written
如：
This is one of the many dams being built along the river.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。 Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敌军被包围了，被迫投降。 Having been asked to stay，I couldn’t very well leave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。
独立结构(absolute construction)
分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句中找到。如：
The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那边的年轻妇女是我们新的英语老师。(分词短语standing over there的逻辑主语是 the young woman)
Having finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。(having finished his work的逻辑主语是he)但有时分词短语有它自己的独立的主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格)，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立结构。独立结构常用作状语，多用在书面语中。如：
The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.乌云已散去，太阳又普照大地了。(时间状语)
We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天气好的话，我们就打麦。(条件状语) Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the park.他们的房间在二层楼上，房间里的宽大的窗户俯视着公园。(伴随情况状语，the first floor在英国指第二层楼，在美国指第一层，其余可类推。)
We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我们加倍努力工作，一人干两人的活。(方式)
Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是最好的导体。(伴随情况)
The meeting over，we all left the room.会议结束以后，我们就都离开了房间。(时间状语，注意over之前省去了being)
This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。(时间状语)
She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她双手捂在胸前凝视着。
[注一]有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语。它们往往已经变成习惯用语，必须熟记。如：
Thinking that Chinese medicine might help，he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效，于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thought that...)
Inspired by the excellent situation they worked even harder.在太好形势的鼓舞下，他们更加努力工作。(= Since they are inspired by...)
c)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如：
He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)
She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况或方式)
The child fell，striking head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。(结果) He went out slamming the door.他走出去砰地一声把门关上。(伴随情况)
The lichens came borne by storms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)
分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成。如：
Not knowing what to do，she went to the teacher for help.她不知道该怎么办，就去请老师帮助。 I left at noon，not staying for lunch.我是中午走的，没有留下来吃午饭。
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。如：
The boy was left uncared for.那孩子无人照管。
含有分词的复合宾语
分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等等。如：
We saw them walking across the road.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。
We heard the children singing “I Love Beijing’s Tian An Men”我们听见孩子们唱《我爱北京天安门》。
I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.我发现故乡几乎全部改建过了。
在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成。如：
We must get the television set repaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)
I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的)
If we have shortcomings，we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指出。(请别人指出)
但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。如： He had his arm broken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)
[注一]上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。如上面的第一、二
例句即可变为：
They were seen walking across the road.
The children were heard singing“I Love Beijing Tian An Men”。
[注二]现在分词在复合宾语中和动词不定式在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正在继续的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，其含义相当于进行时态。如：
I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事)
I saw him going upstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景)
I was working in the room all morning" I heard somebody All knock at the next door.我整个上午在房间工作，听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)
When I went back to the room，I heard her practicing singing in the next room.我回房间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了)
现在分词的时态
过去分词没有时态形式的变化，所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。
1)现在分词的时态形式
一般式writing
完成式having written
2)现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。如：
Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.
我们在和白求恩大夫一起工作期间，向他学到很多东西。
(working与leamt同时发生)
Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began to make preparations.他们知道他们下星期要出国，所以都开始作准备。(knowing发生在began之前)
He came up to me，saying“Glad to see you again.”他来到我跟前说道，“很高兴又见到你。”(saying发生在came之后)
3)现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：
Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not haying done it right, I tried again.没有做对，我就又试。
(not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)
现在分词的被动语态
一般式being written
完成式having been written
如：
This is one of the many dams being built the river.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。
Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敌军被包围了，被迫投降。 Having been asked to stay，I couldn’t very well leave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。
独立结构(absolute construction)
分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句中找到。如：
The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那边的年轻妇女是我们新的英语老师。(分词短语standing over there的逻辑主语是 the young woman)
Having finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。(having finished his work的逻辑主语是he)但有时分词短语有它自己的独立的主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格)，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立结构。独立结构常用作状语，多用在书面语中。如：
The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.乌云已散去，太阳又普照大地了。(时间状语) We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天气好的话，我们就打麦。(条件状语)
Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the park.他们的房间在二层楼上，房间里的宽大的窗户俯视着公园。(伴随情况状语，the first floor在英国指第二层楼，在美国指第一层，其余可类推。)
We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我们加倍努力工作，一人干两人的活。(方式) Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是最好的导体。(伴随情况)
The meeting over，we all left the room.会议结束以后，我们就都离开了房间。(时间状语，注意over之前省去了being)
This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。(时间状语)
She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。
[注一]有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语。它们往往已经变成习惯用语，必须熟记。如：
Generally speaking，this book is not very difficult.总的说来，这本书并不很难。
Judging from what you say，he has done a very good job.从你的话看来，他的工作做得很不错。 Considering that he has been in China for only a year，he speaks Chinese well.考虑到他到中国才一年，他的中国话讲得很不错了。
类似的习惯用语尚有talking of (谈起)，speaking of (谈到)等引导的分词短语。
[注二]英语里还有一种较口语化的“with + 名词或代词宾格 + 分词 (或形容词、介词短语)”结构，也往往作状语用，表示伴随情况。如：
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没有熄灯就睡着了。
She gazed with her hands clasped to her breast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。
上述结构中的分词亦可用形容词或介词短语代替。如：
He sleeps with the windows open even in winter.他即使在冬天也开着窗户睡觉。
A girl came in with a book in her hand.一位姑娘手里拿着一本书走了进来。(在笔语中，也可说：A girl came in，book in hand.)
范文四：源于现在分词和过去分词的介词
源于现在分词、过去分词的介词 育龙网 WWW.CHINA-B.C0M 2009年05月31日 来源:互联网育龙网核心提示: 介词是我们平日学习中常见的内容，可谓人人皆知。但是有一种特殊的介词也许并非人人皆知，因为它们是来源于现在分词、过去分词的介词介词是我们平日学习中常见的内容，可谓人人皆知。但是有一种特殊的介词也许并非人人皆知，因为它们是来源于现在分词、过去分词的介词，这方面内容很少在教学、语法著作中谈及，但它们却在测试中时有出现。现列举如下:
1(including包括
This package contains 500sheets of notepaper，including 400 of white paper
and 100 of yellow(
包裹里有500张信纸，包括400张白纸， 100张黄纸。
2(concerning就而言，关于，谈及
Concerning your letter，I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite
acceptable to us(
关于你的信，我高兴地告诉你你的计划令我们十分满意。
3(regarding就而言，关于，论及
We have known nothing regarding that matter(
关于那个问题，我们全然不知。
4(respecting关于，至于
I was at a loss respecting his whereabouts(
至于他的踪迹，我全然不知。
5(considering就而论，照说来
Considering the rate at which planets form， perhaps one with conditions
suitable for life forms in our galaxy each year(
从行星的生存率来看，或许在我们的星系中每年会形成一颗适宜于生命的行星。
6(excepting(一般不置于句首而置于句末;或置于not，without，always之后)除之外
All his children have gone shopping with his wife exceptingone(
7(failing如果没有;如果在中失败
Failing instructions，I did what I thought best(
没有任何指示，我只能按我认为最好的方法去做。
8(wanting缺，缺少
Wanting courage，victory is impossible(
没有勇气就无法取得胜利。
9(saving除以外(现在多用save)
I could call her nothing in my own mind saving(或save)sister(
我的心里除了叫她为姐姐而外，我实在找不出其他的称呼来。
10(notwithstanding虽然，尽管仍(是很正式的用语，常见于公文中)
Notwithstanding an unusual flow of com, pany，the master of the wine ,shop was not visible(
虽然人们来往异常频繁，酒铺主人并没有出现。
11(following在以后
Following the conference，the methods were put into use on a large scale(
会议之后，这些方法被广为推广。
12(pending在以前，在期间
Maximum sentence was handed down but the defendants were eventually
bailed pending the appeal(
最高判决已经宣布，但最后被告在上诉期间全部得到保释。
13(given如果考虑到，假定
Given their inexperience，they have done a good job(
考虑到他们缺乏经验，这个工作他们做得不错。
范文五：现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词与过去分词的差别
英语中的分词分两种:现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词
(the past participle)。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足
语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。
?现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的(例?-?);过去分词的动作是被
动的和完成的(例?-?):
? The boiling water is hot.
? A sleeping baby is good to look at.
? She has a smiling face.
? You can use the boiled water to make tea.
? Where is my lost key?
? A broken mirror cannot be repaired.
有时，由于两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同 ，如:
?a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?
b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?
?a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.
Do you like the book made up of untrue stories? b.
?在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。前者有 “令人??”
的含义(见例?);过去分词则有“感到??”的意思(见例?):
? The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人紧张)
? The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高兴)
其他例子有:
? amazing: amazed
? annoying: annoyed
? boring: bored
? confusing: confused
? surprising: surprised
? terrifying: terrified
试比较11a和b以及12a和b:
11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.
11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a t
ime.
12a. David came with some surprising news.
12b. All were surprised at Sam’s sudden resignation. ?在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词，如:
13. The teacher found a student dozing off.
14. Don’t keep the visitor waiting.
如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了，
如:
15. Where did you get your book printed?
16. You should have your office whitewashed.
在13里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student“; 在14里，宾语
是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的宾语是“books”; 16
里， “whitewashed”的宾语是“his office”。
4.分词短语相当于副词从句，但现在式表示的是主动的行动，过去式表示被动
的行动，如:
Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.
Written in haste, the essay had some errors.
转载请注明出处范文大全网 » 现在分词和过去分词的区别和用
