字体大小 : 小 中 大

PV :应该完成多少工作 , (照计划截止目前应该花费的预算) AC :完成工作的际成本是多少 (截止前实际的

EV :完成了多少预算的工作 (实际完成的工作,按照算标准应该 有的花

以上三个指标是成本管理最基的三个概

BAC :全部工作的预算是多少 (按照原计划,完成所工作所需的 算成

EAC :完工估算 (全部工作本是多少? ) 它是根据 项 的绩效和风 险量化对 项目 最可能的总成本所做的一种预测。 (根截止目前的工作 效率和工方法,如采取任何措施,到完工时,需要花费的成本 算) ETC 完工

剩余工作在当前的估算多少?(截止目前,剩余工作到完工,需要 花费成本预

以上 6个指标为成本管理的基础指标, 其余指标均可根据 6个指标 行计

CPI 成本绩效指数 CPI = EV/AC

SPI 进度绩效指标 SPI = EV/PV

CV 成本差异

CV = EV– AC CV>0代成本节约,

成本差异比例 % = CV/EV = (EV-AC ) /EV = 1- 1/CPI

SV 进度差异

SV = EV– PV SV>0代进度提前,

进度差异比例 % = SV/PV = (EV-PV ) /PV= SPI-1

CPI 成本

CPI = EV/AC CPI>1代工作价值高,

SPI 进度

SPI = EV/PV SPI>1代实际进度快,

EAC = BAC + AC– EV= BAC- CV

(当前出现的偏差被视为典型特例,而且 项目 团队预计将来不于出 现类似

EAC = BAC / CPI

(当 项目 完成 15%~20%时, CPI 相对稳定,可以

(以往绩效表明原有估算设有重大缺陷,或者由于情况改变,有假 设不再

ETC 完工

剩余工作在当前的估

PC 任务完成指数

PC = EV/BA

PV EV AC BAC EAC ETC等计算公式

PV EV AC BAC EAC ETC等计算公

PV: how much work should be done (as planned, as of the current budget)?

AC: what is the actual cost of completing the work (as of actual spending as of now)?

EV: how much budget work has been done (actually done, according to budget standards)?

The above three indicators are the three basic concepts of cost management;

BAC: what is the budget for all the work (budgeted costs for all the work done according to the original plan)?

EAC: the completion estimate (what is the cost of the whole job? ) it is a prediction of the most likely total cost of the project based on the performance and risk of the project. (according to the current efficiency and methods of work, if no measures are taken, the cost budget to be completed at the completion of the project) is estimated by the completion of the ETC

What is the current estimate of the remaining work? (up to now, the cost budget for the remainder of the work to be completed)

The above 6 indicators for the cost management of the basic indicators, and the rest of the indicators can be calculated based on the 6 indicators.

CPI cost performance index CPI = EV/AC

SPI schedule performance index SPI = EV/PV

CV cost variance

CV = EV - AC CV>0 stands for cost saving, good!

Cost variance ratio% = CV/EV = (EV-AC) /EV = 1- 1/CPI

SV schedule variance

SV = EV - PV SV>0 represents progress ahead of schedule, ok!

Progress difference ratio% = SV/PV = (EV-PV) /PV= SPI-1

CPI cost performance index

CPI = EV/AC CPI>1 stands for high work value, good!

SPI schedule performance index

SPI = EV/PV SPI>1 stands for actual speed, good!

EAC = BAC + AC - EV= BAC- CV

(the current deviations are seen as atypical exceptions, and the project team expects no similar deviations in the future. )

EAC = BAC / CPI

(when the project is 15% to 20%, the CPI is relatively stable

and can be used to estimate EAC)

EAC = ETC + AC

(past performance indicates significant deficiencies in the original estimation hypothesis, or when the original assumption is no longer applicable because of the change in circumstances. )

ETC completion is yet to be estimated

What is the current estimate of the remaining work?

PC task completion index

PC = EV/BAC

--------------------------------------------------------

Earned value management (EVM) is a commonly used method of performance measurement, which can be used in many ways. It considers project scope, cost and schedule indicators to help the project management team evaluate and measure project performance and progress.

Concept:

Planned Value: the PV is assigned and approved budget for the scheduled work schedule of a part of an activity or WBS

Earned value: EV is the value of completed work that is part

of an activity or a WBS.

The actual cost of AC is the work done for the part of an activity or part of the WBS, which actually occurs and records the total cost.

The progress deviation SV SV=EV-PV is greater than zero, which means that the progress is less than zero ahead of schedule, which means that the schedule is behind schedule

The cost deviation CV SV=EV-AC is greater than zero, indicating that the cost savings are less than zero, indicating the cost overruns

The progress performance index SPI SPI=EV/PV is greater than 1, which means that the progress is less than 1 in advance, which means that the schedule is behind schedule

The cost performance index, CPI CPI=EV/AC, is greater than 1, indicating cost savings of less than 1, indicating cost overruns

Completion budget BAC

Completion estimate EAC

There is still an estimate of ETC to be completed

Completion requires performance index TCPI, TCPI= (BAC-EV) / (EAC-AC)

Percentage of completion PC PC=EV/BAC

EAC computing mode

1 assume that the ETC EAC=AC+BAC-EV will be done at the budgeted unit price

2 assumes that the ETC work is done with the current EAC=BAC/, CPI cumulative CPI

3 assume that SPI and CPI will affect ETC work at the same time EAC=AC+ (BAC-EV) / (SPI * CPI)

Is the type of exam questions (the following excerpt from Nanjing Shiquan of Earned Value Management (technical) test analysis)

Test site 1: ask status, size

This kind of topic is more, tells you SPI, CPI, CV, SV or EV, PV, AC and so on, lets you judge the progress, the cost condition. Relatively simple, directly according to SPI>1, SV>0 progress ahead of schedule, SPI<1,><0 behind="" schedule;="" cpi="">1, CV>0, cost savings, CPI<1,><0 cost="" overruns="" to="" judge.="" this="" kind="" of="" problem="" to="" note="" is="" that="" the="" spi="" and="" sv="" as="" cpi="" and="" cv="" so="" reliable,="" sometimes="" need="" to="" consider="" the="" key="" line="" of="" total="" float,="" most="" of="" these="" problems="" do="" not="" consider="" the="" key="" route,="" only="" spi="">1, and the stem or the answer suggested, need to consider total slack key route, only need to consider.

Test site two: EAC, ETC

This problem is problem. The key to computing EAC and ETC is to find 3 variables: BAC, EV, and AC, because EAC=BAC-CV or EAC=BAC/CPI, ETC=BAC-EV, or ETC= (BAC-EV) /CPI only need to know the 3 variables to work out. Or the title will tell you directly how much CPI or CV is. Students ask, in the end, according to the typical deviation or atypical deviation calculation? The general topic will tell you "continues" the performance will continue, then according to the typical deviation division; if the title tells you "this will never happen again." "this is a special cause, then according to the SARS type deviation by subtraction. If there is no such hint in the title, then count the two cases and see which one is in the answer.

Test site three: ask EV

This is a new situation in recent exams. Give you some other information, let you count EV, or let you figure out EV, and then EAC. We should know the meaning of EV, formerly known as EV BCWP, the old name is more convenient for us to understand the EV, is the "work value budget", do not understand the earned value technology students to read several times this definition, we can truly understand the true meaning of earned value technology. There are a few ways to calculate EV in the exam, which are the distortion of earned value formula: EV=PV*SPI, EV=AC*CPI, EV=BAC-, the budget value of remaining work, EV=BAC*PC. The last formula, you might not be familiar with, is PC, the percentage of completion, PC=EV/BAC.

Test site four: seek completion time

This knowledge point is not written in PMBOK, but according to

the use of CPI,

CIP酸碱浓度计算公式

一、 CIP 清洗液---液浓度计

取配制好的酸清洗液5ml 于形瓶中，加水（95ml ）稀释至100ml 。加入3-4滴酚酞指示剂，用0.5mol/L的NaOH 溶液滴，至锥形中溶液变红，30秒不褪色为止。记录用NaOH 溶液的

C 酸=【(0.06301*VNaOH *CNaOH ) /5】*100% C 酸：酸洗液的浓

V NaOH ：使用NaOH 溶液的体

C NaOH ：NaOH

二、 CIP 清洗液---液浓度计

取配制好的碱清洗液3ml 锥形瓶中，加水（97ml ）稀释至100ml 。加入3-4滴酚酞指示剂，用0.1mol/L的HCl 溶液滴定，至锥形瓶中溶液变成无色为止。记录用HCl 溶液的

C 碱=【(0.04*VHCl *CHCl ) /3】*100%

C 碱：碱清洗液

V HCl ：使用HCl

C HCl ：HCl

气体浓度计算公式

气体浓度单位

气体浓度单位

对大气中的污染物，常用体浓度和质量-体积浓度来表示其在大气中含量。 1、

体积浓度是用每立方米的气中含有污染物的体积数(立方厘米)或(ml/m3)来示，常

表示方法是ppm，即1ppm=1立方厘米/立方米=10-6。除ppm，还有ppb和ppt，他们

的关系是:

1ppm=10-6=一百万分之一， 1ppb=10-9=十亿分之

1ppt=10-12=万亿分之一， 1ppm=103ppb=106ppt

2、质量-体积

用每立方米大气中污染物质量数来表示的浓度叫质量-体积浓度，位是毫克/立方

方米。

它与ppm的换算关

X=M×C/22.4

C=22.4X/M

式中:X—污染物以每标立方米的毫克数

C—污染物以ppm表示

M—污染物的分

由上式可得到如下

1ppm=M/22.4(mg/m3)=1000×M/22.4(ug/m3)

例1:求在标准状态下，30毫克/标立米的氟化氢的ppm浓度。 解:氟氢

例2、已知大气中二氧化硫的浓度为5ppm，求以mg/m3表示的浓度值。 解:二氧化硫的分子量为64。 X =5×64/22.4(mg/m3)=14.3(mg/m3) 3、在土壤、植物、固体废

1ppb=1ug/kg=10-3mg/kg

1mg/kg=1ppm=1000ug/kg

1ug/kg=1ppb=10-3ppm

等分圆计算公式

计算公式：设圆的直径为ｄ，圆内接正ｎ边形，等分系数为：k ：正ｎ边形的边

这里的ｋ根据ｎ的取值不同，有不同的对应值！ 下给出圆的等系数

1--0.00000

2--1.00000 3--0.86603 4--0.70711 5--0.58779 6--0.50000 7--0.43388 8--0.38268 9--0.34202 10--0.30902 11--0.28173 12--0.25882 13--0.23932 14--0.22252 15--0.20791 16--0.19509 17--0.18375 18--0.17365 19--0.16459 20--0.15643

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