范文一:写作的重要性
阅读与写作的重要性
教育作为一种人性的培养活动,从来都以人性的全面发展为内容,这也是现阶段我们全面实施素质教育的内涵。语文教学中培养学生听说读写的能力是教育的目标,而学生的习作就是学生综合语文素质的充分体现。北京教育丛书《多读书 勤练笔 重写字》,便是这探索的海洋中的瑰丽的浪花。她站在一定的理论高度,指出了当今语文教学中存在的种种弊端,及针对弊端进行的改革和探索。全书由三个相对独立、而又紧密联系的部分组成,即多读书、勤练笔、重写字。分别从如何上好读书课等几方面具体谈了指导学生多读书。从如何指导学生课堂小练笔等几方面谈了如何指导学生勤练笔。从写好字的重要性等几个方面谈了重视写字教学的经验和体会。这是理论指导下的实践,这是对传统的语文教学优点的继承、发展和创新。书中所谈到的在语文教学改革中特别注意做到的“四个坚持” ——坚持大语文教育观;坚持教学要有效的原则;在教师与学生关系上,坚持教师是主导,学生是主体,教为学服务的原则;坚持不断改革,不断前进。很好地体现了语文教学大纲的要求,比较完整地诠释了新的课程标准所强调指出的四个基本理念。书中介绍的方法和途径可操作性很强,有利于全面提高学生的语文素养,提高学生的审美情趣。是一本不可多得好书。反复阅读若有所思,掩卷深思若有所感。
在作文教学过程中很多教师都会遇到这样的问题:学生写作时感到无话可说,无话可写,语句表达不清,长篇大论却不知所言。学生习作时,为何会遇到这么多的问题呢?这与学生的阅读水平、生活素材的积累、语言表达的基本功等有着莫大的关系。生活是写作的源泉,而阅读也是作文构思创作的主要渠道,综观文学史,大凡国内外著名的作家、文学家除深入生活、观察生活外,都有大量阅读书籍的嗜好。他们的学识渊博,才思敏捷,在写作领域雄视阔步,文采横溢,作品层出不穷,并有许多传世佳作。可见,要指导小学生写好作文,就必须重视指导学生的阅读,从中吸取写作养分,激起情感,生发灵感,掌握写作文时所必需的知识、方法、语感,蓄积写作动力,以起到“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”的效果。如何指导学生阅读呢?在此浅谈我的一些做法。
一:拓宽阅读面
小学阶段,学生从课本上学到的课文是有限的。尽管现在强调单元教学的整体性,训练的系统性,但毕竟阅读面是狭窄的。这也从某种程度上制约着学生写作水平的发挥。语文教师的责任,不仅仅是抓好课内的阅读,还要注重抓好学生的课外阅读,拓宽
阅读面,扩大阅读量。
首先,我从现有的教材入手,将单元教学中涉及到的作品介绍给学生,并作为必不可少的课外作业,要求学生在规定的时间内阅读完。这样,既能将课内的阅读延伸到课外,弥补课堂教学的局限性,又能加深学生对单元教学中有关课文的进一步理解,得到举一反三的效果。
其次,指导学生多读教材之外的名著和优秀儿童作品。著名历史学家、诗人郭沫若主张“多读名著”。这是因为名著的内容丰富而深刻,影响力大,在一定程度上,能速成和优化学生的习作能力。儿童优秀作品在立意、构思、语言等方面,都应视为作文的典范,无论诗歌、寓言、漫画、谜语,里面蕴含的创新精神能触发学生的灵性,学生阅读完,会受益匪汪,或在选材上得到启迪,或在构思上有所感悟,或在语言上受到熏陶。
再次,我鼓励学生订阅或借阅《小学生周报》、《中国少年报》、《小火炬》、《小学生习作》等报纸刊物,浏览报纸、刊物中有欣赏价值的好文章,这也不失为一种提高阅读能力的途径,因为这些读物的内容时代气息浓,语文鲜活,表现手法多变,能切合现代学生现代社会的特点。
就像教师要教给学生一碗水,自己需准备好一桶水、十桶水的道理一样,学生要写好一篇文章,也必须准备十篇、百篇文章在胸。有着良好阅读基础的同学,写作文时才会想象丰富,思路畅通,文思泉涌而出。
二:讲究阅读方法
学生要读的作品很多,而在目前教育没完全从应试教育转到素质教育轨道上来的情况下,让学生多花时间阅读,有些不切实际,这就要求学生采取一些有效的阅读方法。
1 、粗读与精读相结合 。粗读,就是拿到一篇作品,要大致泛泛地读;精读,就是对作品中精彩段落读熟、读透,甚至背诵起来。人们常说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会咏诗也会凑”,只要我们把精彩部分背诵起来。日积月累,作文水平一定能提高。
从“粗读”到“细读”再到“精读”的过程,就是一个人的知识不断丰富、阅读能力乃至写作水平不断提高的过程
2 、开展阅读实践活动。 我利用第二课堂成立语文兴趣小组,开展阅读实践活动。事实证明,这种活动不仅受学生欢迎,而且对于提高学生的写作水平能起到事半功倍的效果,教师适当的点拔,指导作用大,胜过多少写作的空洞说教。
如何开展阅读实践活动呢?这里介绍几种做法:
( 1 )自我评价法。即要求学生选取自己的作文,在全班朗读,并介绍自己的构思的成功之处。这种方法能增强自身的写作信心,利于创造思维能力的训练和培养。
( 2 )推荐阅读法。这
是要求学生把课外阅读的作品中自己认为优秀的作品,介绍给其他同学。这种方法能够使学生不仅多读,而且能有比较、有选择地读,共同提高阅读能力,写作能力。
( 3 )集体阅读法。这种阅读的内容由教师选择为主。一是由教师朗读,提出要求,学生评析;二是请学生朗读,由教师进行系统分析;三是可以采用录音的方法,师生共同评析,这样能使本来朦胧的思路变得清晰、明朗起来,在评析中掌握作文决窍,丰富写作知识,训练思维能力和语言表达能力。
三:巩固阅读效果。
阅读完一篇作品,如果不加巩固,学生很快就会遗忘掉,所以,我在指导学生阅读后,还让学生读写结合,以巩固阅读效果,提高知识水平。
1 、朗读、背诵。 学生时期正是记忆力旺盛的时期,对于一些好的内容,既要让学生朗读,促进口头表达能力的发展和提高,更要将其中的好句、好段熟读乃至背诵,这样以后作文起来就会下笔如有神,并有助于记忆、感知、思维、想象与审美等素质的综合培养。
2 、写读后笔记 。写读后笔记是学生的练笔过程、思维过程,也是学生生活素材积累、词语积累的一个重要手段。阅读之后,让学生或就着作品蕴含的思想内容联系生活实际写读后感,或摘录好词好句,或体会文章写法。写好后,定时对学生的阅读笔记进行检查,将几篇写得较好的笔记当众读给大家听,让大家有个学习的榜样,也是对写得好的学生的一种鼓励。在教室的学习园地中每周贴几篇好的笔记,让学生看,被选中的学生受到鼓励,其他学生受到启发。这样读写结合,学生逐步养成了写读后笔记的习惯,作文能力也不断提高。
3 、借鉴仿写 。借鉴仿写,即以所阅读的文章为例,仿照文中精彩的句子、段落来练习写作。句子修辞手法的运用、开头结尾的呼应描写、人物心理活动的刻画、环境描写的衬托等等,都是小学生应该掌握的知识,教师要在课内给予点拔,课外阅读中给予引导,并鼓励学生进行仿写。根据少年的思维发展,从机械仿写过渡到变通仿写,最后发展成创造性仿写,在“仿”中求“创”,“仿”中求“活”,“仿”中求“新”,以提高习作能力。
对小学生而言,作文难,怕作文是普遍存在的问题,要化写作文的消极态度,变积极态度,除了要熟悉生活,认真观察,善于积累,还要学会阅读,博览群书,搜集资料,并将阅读成为每个学生的自觉行动,那么当前学生怕作文、厌作文的情境一定会得到改观的,学生的全面发展才不至于成为一句空谈。
多读书是提高学生语文能力的重要途径。这是阅读丛书给我的启示。的
确,要提高学生的语文能力,必须引导学生广泛读书。这一点已被写入新的《语文课程标准》“培养学生广泛的阅读兴趣,扩大阅读面,增加阅读量……”。那么怎样引导学生广泛的阅读呢?丛书拓宽了我们的思路,语文教师必须加强自身素质的提高。如果语文老师自身不能生动地写,深情地读,动情地讲,入情地导,那么,指导学生多读多写就是一句空话,。因此,我们必须不断地充实完善自己,加强教育理论和业务知识的学习,还要学习同仁们加强总结积累,不断地追求语文教学的理想境界——学生喜欢读乐意写,综合素质不断提高。
范文二:写作的重要性
浙江大学远程教育学院考查课
《应用写作》课程作业
711230052002 姓名: 冯光芳 学 号:
年级: 2011秋 学习中心: 郑州 —————————————————————————————
写作的重要性
初涉职场的我,一心只想把本职工作做好,天天勤勤恳恳的工作,做着自己该做,又为领导着想的工作,突然有天,领导开会点名说“XXX,你已经来了有一段时间了吧,工作头绪还没理清吗,还不知道做什么吗,”我头“嗡”的一下晕了,我一直在做着分内的工作,且努力为领导做好后勤工作,可是,,
回想这段时间的工作,领导确实不知道我在做什么,一开会,问题一一罗列出来,有的未待解决已成遗憾。……总其以上原因,只是因为做了工作未汇报,更是未形成书面形式上报,以至于努力的工作却没有得到认可,由此也深刻懂得了写作的重要性。
社会生活中,一个人的“表现”是相当重要,所谓“表现”,就是抒发、倾吐,就是把自己的感知、认识、积蓄,用你认为最恰当的方式把它“由内而外”的传达出来,表现的方式有
许多种,而其中写作又是最重要的。在日常生活中,时时离不开它,但是说的限制也是非常明显的,时空、录音、长短、严谨,,做也一样,写就不同了,它不像说和做的那样要受到时空的种种限制,它可以布之大众,传之久远,获得最大的表现自由,它也不像说和做那样不大容易表现得复杂、精确、析理入微,它可以宏篇巨论,探幽索微,获得最佳的表现效果。
写作是人的一个思想、思维、严重的可说为人的灵魂,思想直接影响文章的深度,可读性的文章总是一环扣一环,让人看得依依不舍。记得小时候语文老师会经常赞美我的写作能力,虽不是最好,但是生动兼接近现实生活,可以说真情流露。如今才知写作的重要性,一篇文章能反映出一个国家的富强,一篇文章能反映社会事实,一篇文章能反映一个人的情绪,一篇文章能反映一个人能力反映一个人的素质素养。
范文三:写作的重要性
写作跟吃饭是一个道理,必须有欲望;写作跟谈恋爱也有相通的地方,必须有感觉。
总想把自己经历的、有感触的所见所闻写下了,我希望那种亲历的感受能愈发变得生动,给我以力量、温暖和启迪。当岁月老去,我还有机会躺在暖暖的沙发上,沐浴着午后的阳光,阅读文字,阅读我的青春,阅读那些曾经的感动,亦或其它。这也是一种享受。
我是个非常看重生活品质和精神享受的人,因此,曾感到深深的苦恼。简单的人,有简单的好处,一件极小的事情都能给他以满足和快乐。然而,我却是做不到的。怀着对生命的深深敬畏,我大胆地抛弃了一切,又重新回到原点,开始我人生新一轮的跋涉。
三年,一声感叹的时间。这期间,从适应新环境,到对这座城市的真正了解;从新岗位的磨练,到现在的驾轻就熟;从与新领导的磨合,到如今的畅快聊天,我觉得,我已融入了这座城市,爱上了我的团队。短短三年时间,我感觉自己的实践是成功的。离开时,放下了一切的不快。而今,我不仅收获到了友谊的馈赠,更重要的是,我看到了一个更加成熟的自己。
看着每日都有访客浏览我的日志,我在欣慰之余,更感动力十足、使命光荣。
只要一息尚存,我便会笔耕不辍。只为你们的等待。
【散文概念】
散文是指以文字为创作、审美对象的文学艺术体裁,是文学中的一种体裁形式。
六朝以来,为区别于韵文、骈文,而把凡是不押韵、不重排偶的散体文章,概称散文。随着文学概念的演变和文学体裁的发展,散文的概念也时有变化,在某些历史时期又将小说与其他抒情、记事的文学作品统称为散文,以区别于讲求韵律的诗歌。现代散文是指除小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学体裁之外的其他文学作品。(next88)其本身按其内容和形式的不同,又可分为杂文、小品、随笔等。散文形散而神不散,有一个明确的主旨贯穿全文。
【散文特点】
短小优美,生动有趣。它的历史可以追溯到甲骨文,是和诗歌、戏剧、小说并列的文学体裁;它包括政论、史论、传记、游记、书信、日记、奏疏、小品、表、序等各体论说、杂文, 是语言艺术文学体裁的典范,并具有很高的审美价值,在长期流传过程中,它浇灌了各个时代的文学园地,也灌溉了历代文人,至今仍使人们受益。
散文是“集诸美于一身”的文学体裁。文学是表达人生和传达思想感情的。通常来说,小说、诗歌、戏剧无论是在结构上,还是在格律、剪裁、对话等安排布局上,都有很严格的要求:而散文,却可以自由些,看起来只是不经意地抒写着一己的经历和感受,所表现的多是零星杂碎的片段人生。语言诗意优美。
散文主要分叙事性散文、抒情散文、哲理散文、议论性散文。
范文四:写作的重要性
写作的重要性 6分最低限,只要结构不出错,得分应该为9分。 评判作文
四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。
内容不跑题即可,注意:1.不要妄图以情动人;2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。
结构上牢记总分总:先写主题句(Topic Sentence),再写分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)。
语言最重要,往往使评分产生重大差异,语言要模仿和包装。 基本表达
人们认为:it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that
越来越:be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of
万能理由(Omnipotence)
1. 方便:convenient/ convenience
2. 效率:efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency
3. 节省和浪费:save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift
waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish
4. 人的心理健康:independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate,
creative, sociable, confident,
perseverance;
isolated, conserative selfish,
5. 人的身体健康:health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6. 娱乐:colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax tired, boring, lonely
7. 环境:environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8. 安全和危险:safe, danger, risk
9. 经验:experience, social experience, enter the society
10. 人际:humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意:(内容方面尽量不要修改)
1、字母大小写
2、怪符号
3、单词拼写
4、主谓一致
5、动词时态
6、名词单复数
实例一
题目:Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提纲:(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及(2)和汽车的比较(3)自行车在中国的前途
Score: 8
Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The
important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.
The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car.
In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles. Score: 14
Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -- man and woman, old and young -- ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.
注:1. 第一句总写,第二句和第三句分写,最后总写。
2. During the rush hour 分词结构开头。
3. 破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.
注:1. Compared with cars 分词结构开头。
2. be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于
3. thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感,信号词
4. cheap 便宜,最好用inexpensive
5. be good for health 对健康有好处(万能理由)
6. Moreover 表示递进
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.
注:promising 有前途的 a promising young man
Score: 11
There millions of bicycles in today’s China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.
注:第一句应该用there be结构
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.
I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.
I、对比观点选择题:1.有人认为??; 2.另外一些人认为??;
3.谈谈你的观点和看法。(最好写成4段)
实例二 99年6月真题
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择2. 有人认为应当博览群书
3. 我的想法
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(启)Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;
(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。 Score: 14分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.(启)
注:第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(承)Paragraph II:(1)提出一种观点或优点;(2)本段的支持性分论点;(3)本段总结(可以省略)。
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.(承)
注:1. 本段总分总结构
2. they argue that = they think that
3. with the development of... 随着??的发展
4. what's more 递进关系,moreover
5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:(转)Paragraph III:
(1)承上启下的过渡句; (2)提出另一种观点或缺点;(3)本段的支持性分论点(4)本段总(可以省略)。
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.(转)
注:1. But 转折词(信号词)
2. they emphasize that = they think that
3. today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比
4. 许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge;
获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge
5. knows nothing→little;he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:(合)Paragraph IV:
(1)平衡两种看法;(2)给出自己的观点。
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.(合)
Score: 11分
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. 注:结构非常好,可以套用。
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
注:1.“people, who...,”应去掉逗号,改为限制性定语从句。
2. as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones
3. lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb. astray
4. they suggest that = they think that
5. touch 碰(闪光点词汇:如教材P7:shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任)
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading
extensively is better.
注:1. hold 认为 同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold
2. the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思
3. to know more, to read more 错误,中式英语
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse?
Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.
注:it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为
As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room. 注:1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that
2. “使??”不用make,而用keep, allow, offer
However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.
In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.
范文5. Travelling
People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.
注:geographical and historical 押尾韵,如:押头韵 clear & clean
Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.
In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love. 注:1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好处比坏处多,其他表达方法:be superior to/ inferior to 比如:the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使
范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their
thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.
使句子具有表现力的手段:1、用形容词修饰名词;2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词
On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.
In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.
范文21. Should smoking be banned?
Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.
注:1. vary greatly 许多种2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that
3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽
4. Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词表达。
But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property. 注:1.They have heard the official reports that ... 官方报告表明..
2. be more likely to 更有可能,更容易3. chance 可能
There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and
property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注:1. outweigh 比??重要,同样的表达:be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2. 最后用两句反问句结尾,非常精妙。
课后作业 Private Cars
写成4段的首段写法:
In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.
② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.
③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.
写成3段的首段写法:
With the development of modern society/ science and technology,
/ With the improvement of people's living standard,
more and more people can own private cars.
cars are entering ordinary families.
the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)
支持段的主题句:
Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.
There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.
支持段的分论点:
① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.
② 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.
③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.
否定段的主题句:① However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.
② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/
introduce/ make.
③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects
④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.
⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults. ⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that......
⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.
⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
否定段的分论点:
① 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.
② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.
③ 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.
注意:所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的,就是比较
superordinate的词;而下义词就是具体的东西,即subordinate的东西。
第四段(总结段)的写法:
① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.
② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.
③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.
④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.
选择题型变体逻辑结构(My View on Sth.)
选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构:
Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点; (2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
Paragraph II:(1)提出作者观点(本文主题句);
(2)举例加以论证。
Paragraph III:(1)总结全文(再次强调作者观点)
范文17. My View on Fate
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.
注:1. consensus 相同意见
2. 第一句话可以套用,如范文18:There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.
3. while 轻微转折和对比,强转折用词but, however
4. master 主人
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy. 注:1. 第一句as far as与I agree重复,把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。
2. architect 建筑师,archor 弓箭手
3. In fact 前后是转折关系,之前从正面阐述,之后从反面阐述
范文17. My View on Fate (续)
Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.
注:1. 本段开始举例
2. Let's take??for example 中间是插入语,表示强调,举例不宜太长。
In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”
注:bear sth. in mind:把??牢记在心
范文13. The Way to Success
第二段:Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.
II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构
Paragraph 1: (1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点(general);
(2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点(或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific)。
Paragraph 2: (1) 作者对该现象货问题的基本看法,即文章的论点句;
(2) 支持性的细节分论点(至少两点);
(3) 本段总结(可以省略)。
Paragraph 3: (1) 总结全文,定下结论(通常为我的对策或看法)。
四级作文试题2000年1月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多多种途径解决。
2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。
How I Finance My College Education
How I Finance My College Education
第一段:首先,应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点: Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.
第二段:有多种的方法,例如:1.向父母; 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱
第二段主题句:There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.
第二段分写:
In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.
In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.
What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.
第三段:我所赞同的方法(阐述原因,为何不选其他的方法)。 Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.
For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.
For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.
In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.
Therefore /So /Hence,.....
使文章富有表现力的手段:
1、使用有难度的词汇;
2、使用形容词修饰名词,用副词修饰动词或整个句子;
3、使用被动语态;
4、使用倒装句;(not only... but also...;only...)
5、尽可能地使用名词,而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。 绿化我们的城市
第一段:
近年来,随着工商业的迅猛发展,许多大城市中树木的数量大幅度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐,但是,认识到绿化城市也同样重要。
普通版
Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big cities. We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees. But, it is important to realize to make our cities green.
润色版
In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n) rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large cities has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically. Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance.
注:区分industry 和 industrial
绿化我们的城市(续)
第二段:
绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一,绿化城市能够净化空气。科学研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中碳化合物的含
量。其二,它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木,我们会欣然地感到自己置身于美丽的花园中。最后,绿化城市能够带来大量木材,这是解决自然资源短缺的有效办法。
普通版
There are many advantages in making cities greener. First, it makes our air clean. Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it adds to the beauty of our cities. With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature. Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber. And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources.
润色版
What benefits can the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner. Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen. This will improve the quality of the urban environment. Second, our cities will look more beautiful. Just imagine the city which is full of trees and flowers. What an attractive garden it is! What’s more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources.
绿化我们的城市(续)
第三段:
绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力,人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿化对城市环境的贡献,还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们不受商业使用的侵犯。
普通版
Making cities greener requires people’s efforts all over the country. And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business.
润色版
Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness; it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers.
(Making cities greener requires the whole nation’s efforts. And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment to the protection of more trees against business.)
句型变化
A. (1) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. (2) There are many trees along the streets. (3) There is a clean river in the city.
(4) There are many fishes in the river. (5) There are willow trees on the one side. (6) There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. (7) There are many flowers on them.
B. (1) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener. (2) Green trees line the streets. (3) A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. (4) On the one side stand rows of willow trees. (5) On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.
1. There be...
1) a. There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films. b. Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.
2) a. There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.
b. Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.
2. If
1) a. If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference.
b. Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.
2) a. If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.
b. The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result.
3) a. If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.
b. Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.
3. In order to
1) a. In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.
b. An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.
2) a. In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts.
b. New efforts will bring ...
4. More and more
1) a. More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.
b. People in ever increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.
2) a. More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle.
b. The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.
3) a. More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years. b. Teenage smoking is on the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years.
4) a. More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy.
b. There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.
5) a. More and more trees have disappeared in the city.
b. There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city. 社会热点话题
写作练习:Jobs for Graduates
1) 大学生难找工作
2) 原因很多
3) 解决的办法
With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education (高等教育). As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates.
范文23:Nowadays, college graduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job. Most/ Many of them can not get
a job right after graduation.
The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter. According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000. Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs?
第二段细节论证
分析原因:
1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned...
2、One may regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to ...
3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in ... mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors ...
Several years ago, many students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand. Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country. Graduates without working experiences are now losing their appeal for
many international cooperations, such as ...
国家制定法律法规
个人接受教育
III、图表题(table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph) 图表题的写作逻辑结构:
Paragraph I:(1)概括描述图表:趋势描写;
(2)具体描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。 Paragraph II:(1)提出自己理由和观点(本段主题句);
(2)细节性分论点(主要是原因,用于支持自己的观点,至少两点)。
Paragraph III:(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;
(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点
【标题】Changes in People’s Diet
Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:
1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.
2. Give possible reasons for the changes.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
【短文】Changes in People’s Diet
In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy
foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.
What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet. They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.
In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future
【修改版】
As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.
There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people
have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.
In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.
图表题的适用句型:
1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ...
2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ...
3. As can be shown in the table ...,
4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ...,
5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ...
V、谚语格言题逻辑结构
Paragraph I:(1)点明要阐释的谚语或名言( general );
(2)用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思,有时有正反两面的逻(specific )。
Paragraph II:(1)作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度,即文章的论点句;
(2)支持性的细节分论点,举例子论证(至少两点,有时有正反两面的逻辑);
Paragraph III:总结全文,定下结论(通常为阐明其现实或更深
远意义)。
Practice Makes Perfect
Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.
【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: "Practice makes perfect". It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.
Practice Makes Perfect(续)
Take the study of English for example. Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar. And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way. Another good example is sports. Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.
【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of "Practice makes perfect". ......(正反两方面都举例子) On the
other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure. There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice. All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.
举例一般为:英语学习;体育锻炼
To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.
【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice
课后复习(self-study Program)
1、课堂讲解内容:体会用词艺术和丰富的句式
2、写作练习:2002年6月真题(Student Use of Computers)
3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达
4、完型填空练习:完成Passage 1--Passage 3
做题步骤:
(1)通读全文,了解文章大意;
(2)初选答案(排除法、优选法);
(3)寻找线索;
(4)回头补缺;
(5)核实答案。
图表题:2002年6月考题
Topic: Student Use of Computers (at least 150 words)
1、 上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化;
2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);
3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 2002年6月的图表题作文:
As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000. In 1990, it was less than two hours. And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours. And in 2000, the number soared to(飞速上升) nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990. 注:soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢
shrink 下降,缩水
第一段还有一种写法:??In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours(或者这样写:while in 1995,)as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled. And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which?
Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females. A multitude of factors could account for the rise. In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet. In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them.
However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.
IV、书信题的写作方法:
(一)信封格式:
名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大,写在右下角(与我们相反)。
(二)信纸格式:
日期:背月份的缩写
称呼(后面的标点是逗号):Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern,
正文:空4个字节或者顶格写,段与段之间空行)
签名:sincerely yours
书信写作的五点要求:
1、开门见山说意图
2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、
3、不同内容可分段
4、感谢客气不可少
5、期待回信成老套
(三)开头段:
1、 告知对方你的身份(假如对方不认识你)
Dear Sir/ Mr. Prometheus,
I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.
/ I am a… at your…
/ I am a … at your college, enrolled in the… course.
/ My name is…, I am…
2、 问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)
Dear Prometheus,
Hello / Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?
/ How are you getting on in / getting along with…..?
3、 解释写信的原因
(1) 致谢:
I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.
/ I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.
/ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada. / I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…
/ I would like to thank you most sincerely for…
(2) 抱怨:
I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.
/ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at… / I wish to make a complaint about…
/ I am writing to draw your attention to….
/ I am afraid I have got a complaint about….
(3) 致歉:
I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects. / I am writing to you because I am unable to….
/ I an terribly sorry that….
/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to….
(4) 询问:
I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire
about some information about…
/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. / I would like some detailed information on/about….
(四)结尾段:
1、发出请求
(1)Please give this matter your immediate attention.
(2)I would very much appreciate it if??as soon as possible.
(3)Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.
2、提供帮助
(1)I hope these??will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.
(2)??will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you
3、 再次表示歉意或感激
(1)Thank you for your kind assistance.
(2)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.
(3)I am sorry that I cannot??, and trust that you will understand.
(4)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may
have caused.
(5)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
(6)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
4、 期盼回信:R.S.V.P.
(1)I look forward to your prompt response.
(2)Looking forward to a prompt reply,
(3)I expect to hear from you very soon.
(4)I hope to receive your reply shortly.
(5)I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter. 书信题范文:2001.6
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.
Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出度假安排的建议
3.提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang
Example I:
Dear Xiao Wang,
I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.
I know you like swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home.
A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village.
Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Zhang Yin
公文信函: 2002.1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
Li Ming
freshman 大一
sophomore 大二
junior 大三
senior 大四
Example II:
Dear Mr. Prometheus,
I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001.
On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone,
and 3 bruised ribs. My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001.
I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you. My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class. Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Janet,
Student No…
题型总结:
对比观点选择题:4段
社会热点话题:3段
图表题:
书信题:
格言题:
描写叙述题:
完型填空
做题技巧
(一)Prep Tips for Cloze
I.做题步骤:
1、通读全文,了解文章大意;文章两种模式:总分、对比;
2、初选答案(排除法、优选法);
3、寻找线索;
4、回头补缺;
5、核实答案。
II.出题重点:
1.词语的辨析:
1)同义词; 2)反义词; 3)形近词;
形近词举例:Test 2
... or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.
87. A) lying B) laying C) laid D) lied
注:说谎:lie lied lied lying
躺:lie lay lain lying
放置,下蛋:lay laid laid laying
2.逻辑关系:
1)列举/种属关系:
such…as; especially; in particular; specifically; for
example; for instance; likely;
2)因果关系:
because (for); due to; owing to; thanks to; since; for; as; for the reason that; seeing that;
3)并列/递进:
besides; likewise; moreover; also; too; what’s more; apart from; except; furthermore;
not noly…but also….; in addition;
4)转折/让步关系:
however; but; never the less; nonetheless; whereas; still; though; although; anyhow; anyway; in any case; yet;
5)对比关系:
by contrast; in contrast; by comparison; like; as…as; on the contrary; conversely; oppositely; ….than….;
逻辑关系举例1:Test 4
Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.
76. A) by B) in C) for D) with
逻辑关系举例2:Test 2
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __71__ these wide modern roads
are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most _ 75__ one.
71. A) Although B) Since C) Because D) Therefore
72. A) stable B) splendid C) smooth D) complicated
73. A) little B) few C) much D) many
74. A) selections B) separations C) series D) sections
75. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable
3.固定结构的识别:提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章:
either…or…; neither…nor…; too…to…; so…that…; not…until…; hardly…when…; no sooner…than…; not only…but also…
固定结构举例:Test 3
76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation. Or an 78 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act 83 each other. but when geography is
considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.
76. A) Some B) Many C) Most D) Few
77. A) outside B) except C) as D) like
81. A) second B) later C) next D) latter
2. 搭配:
例如:a. + n.; ad. + v. ; take advantage of?.; make use of?.等;
3. 动词用法:
1)主谓一致; 2)时态; 3)语态; 4)非谓语动词;
4. 介词用法:
1)介词与名词; 2)介词与动词; 3)介词与形容词;
范文五:谈谈在中学强化英文写作教学的重要性
谈谈在中学强化英文写作教学的重要性
【摘 要】 传统的中学英语教学,只瞅到了眼前利益,老给阅读教
学“吃偏食”。而就写作教学,却是异目相待。然而根据笔者这16年的中学英语的教育教学成败总结发现:在中学阶段,如果方法得当,适当的对写作教学稍加侧重,对学生的发展大不一样。
【关键词】 英语写作 学建议 中学
在中学阶段,如果方法得当,把阅读教学与写作教学并重,或更甚是适当的对写作教学稍加侧重,不但不会冲击阅读教学的质量的提高,削弱阅读学习在学生心中的份量,反而还会激发学生对英语学习的兴趣,还会促进阅读教学质量的飙升,当然写作教学效果,那就更不用说了,一定不会错的,从而达到英语教学中,阅读与写作两个分支共同提高的双丰收的师生共喜的场面。
细究原因有三:
首先,学生写作的过程实质上是一个对阅读教学所学知识的内化和综合的过程。具体而言即对所学单词、短语及语法等知识的实践运用的过程,是一个对所学单词、短语、语法等知识的温习的过程,也是对新单词、新短语、新语法等知识的查询、了解、积累并形成自己知识与能力的过程。同时这个过程中学生是学习的主体,他们的行为是主动的,而不象传统的阅读教学后的温习,要么是死记硬背单词、短语、语法常识、课文等,要么就是题海战术,教师是主导,学生是被动,故而这种写作侧重的教法对
提高学生英语学习的兴趣及学习效果都是积极的,也是高效的。
其次,不管是从初中升入高中的高中生,还是从小学升入初中的初中生,他们已经储备了一定量的词汇,已经掌握了一定量的语法知识,故而为侧重英文写作提供了可能。
其三,这种表面上看似是对英文写作的“吃偏食”,但事实上却在无形中更加注重了对阅读教学效果的温习与提高。这与中学生对英语学习刚进入初、中阶段而主要是对词汇及语法知识的积累的任务是不矛盾的,与中考、高考阅读知识考查比重大是不矛盾的。
当然,给中学生侧重英文写作教学是一个很大的话题,具体该如何去做,才会事倍功半,效果最佳呢,我谨将这10多年的教育教学经验总结如下,以供参考和斧正:
1. 以读带写
教师要求学生在阅读学习中,除了学习语法、理解语意、增加词汇量的同时更应该摘录课文中的好词好句好段,做读书笔记,做成长袋。
2. 建立学生互改互评机制
弥补学生自己当事者迷,又因为至今好多中学都是大班额,教师很难挤出过多时间去细细品阅并指导,每一位学生的每一篇英文作文的现实弊端。
3. 鼓动学生坚持写日记
闲时可写所见所闻及所感,忙时则可不动脑写所感,只写所见或所感,再忙时可简到写一下今天的天气是热还是冷,是晴还是阴;今天的心情是好还是坏等,甚至是一两个短语,但必须持之以恒,形成个人习惯,在坚
持中看到曙光,在坚持中尝到甜头。
4. 教师身先事卒,率为生范,多写范文多读于生
教师在课后一定要做好学生的榜样,抽时间多写范文,并且质量一定要过关,当然太忙时也可简到仅仅写一两个短语,但是必须要对学生有参考价值,而且所写范文一定不能爬的太高,不要让学生听而敬畏而拒之,而是让生明白英文写作其实真的很简单,就是动动笔,将所学词汇利用所学语法有机的去组合组合,碰到不会的就是查一查字典,或问一问“老师”(老师、学生等懂得人)。英文写作其实就是一件很有意思而又很简单的事。
5. 积极创设写作情境
首先,对于课文在讲到学生感动时,可以让学生拿出日记本,把这种感动试着用英文写下来,写下来后再鼓励他们读出来共同交流和享受;其次,出示图片,让生按从左到右或从右到左,从上到下或从下到上的顺序写图片中东西,可以让生再写观图感也可以不写,照顾不同层次学生实际提出不同要求;再次,提供适当的写作采风、口头交流练习的机会。例如带上学生到学校校园一角,师生用英语交流该角有什么景物,给你什么感触等,或和外国人谈话等。
6. 倡导学生多写英文作品,且遇到佳作积极投稿
鼓动学生英文写作,社会参与,积极投稿,成败体验,无形中也激发了学生的英文写作兴趣。
7. 鼓动学生相互交流用英文信笺来往,生活中常常英语对话
让学生在实践中不知不觉的提高英文写作水平,同时也无形中促进了
学生对已学单词、短语、语法等的温习和永久性记忆,对新单词、短语、语法等的查询、了解和积累(即学生阅读水平的提高)。
8. 结束语
总之,笔者认为给中学英文写作教学吃点偏食,利大于弊,值得思考。
[1] 教育部. 义务教育英语课程标准[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.