范文一:古诗英语翻译
昨夜星辰昨夜风,
画楼西畔桂堂东。
身无彩凤双飞翼,
心有灵犀一点通。
隔座送钩春酒暖,
分曹射覆蜡灯红。
嗟余听鼓应官去,
走马兰台类转蓬。
For the stars, for the wind, last night we met East of cassia hall, west of bower of art. We have no wings to fly side by side. Yet One sharp arrow wounded yours and my heart. Warmer than spring wine, you hint how to bet. Burning like candle fire, I guessed truly smart. Alas, called morning drums. Stumbling on street, To duty at Royal Library, was this torn sheet.
观沧海(曹操)
东临碣石,
以观沧海。
水何澹澹,
山岛竦峙。
树木丛生,
百草丰茂。
秋风萧瑟,
洪波涌起。
日月之行,
若出其中;
星汉灿烂,
若出其里。
幸甚至哉~
歌以咏志。
The Sea
I come to view the boundless ocean From Stony Hill on eastern shore. Its water rolls in rhythmic motion, And islands stand amid its roar.
Tree on tree grows from peak to peak;
Grass on grass looks lush far and nigh.
The autumn wind blows drear and bleak; The monstrous billows surge up high.
The sun by day, the moon by night Appear to rise up from the deep. The Milky Way with stars so bright Sinks down into the sea in sleep.
How happy I feel at this sight! I croon this poem in delight.
关雎
关关雎鸠,
在河之洲.
窈窕淑女,
君子好逑.
参差荇菜,
左右流之.
窈窕淑女,
妩媚求之.
求之不得,
妩媚思服.
优哉游哉,
辗转反侧.
参差荇菜,
左右采之.
窈窕淑女,
琴瑟友之.
参差荇菜,
左右毛之.
窈窕淑女,
钟鼓乐之.
Cooing And Wooing
Translated by Xu Yuanchong By riverside are cooing
A pair of turtledoves;
A good young man is wooing A fair maiden he loves.
Water flows left and right Of cress long here, short there;
The youth yearns day and night For the good maiden fair.
His yearning grows so strong, He can not fall asleep,
But tosses all night lon,
So deep in love, so deep!
Now gather left and right
Cress long or short and tender! O lute, play music bright
For the bride sweet and slender! Feast friends at left and right On cress cooked till tender! O bells and drums, delight The bride so sweet and slender!
回乡偶书
少小离家老大回
乡音无改鬓毛衰
儿童相见不相识
笑问客从何处来
Homecoming
Old, I return to the homeland I left while young,
Thinner has grown my hair, though I speak the same tongue.
My children, whom I meet, do not know who am I.
"Where are you from, dear sir?" they ask with beaming eye.
陈子昂
登幽州台歌
前不见古人
后不见来者
念天地之悠悠
独怆然而涕下
On Climbing The Tower At Youzhou Where are the great men of the past? Where are those of future years? The sky and earth forever last; Here and now I alone shed tears
【山行】
Travelling in the Mountains
远上寒山石径斜, 白云深处有人家。 停车坐爱枫林晚, 霜叶红于二月花。
A flag-stone path winds up into th chilly hills,
Where houses are just discernible amid the thick white cloud.
I stop my carriage for I love the maple trees in the twilight,
The leaves after early frost are as crimson as spring flowers
【黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵】
Seeing Meng Haoran Off from Yellow Crane Tower
故人西辞黄鹤楼, 烟花三月下扬州。 孤帆远影碧空尽, 唯见长江天际流。
At Yellow Crane Tower in the west My old friend says farewell;
In the mist and flowers of spring He goes down to Yangzhou;
Lonely sail, distant shadow, Vanish in blue emptiness;
All I see is the great river Flowing into the far horizon.
【如梦令】
To the Tune of Ru Meng Ling
昨夜雨疏风骤,浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人,却道“海棠依旧”。
“知否,知否,应是绿肥红瘦。”
Last night the rain was light, the wind fierce,
And deep sleep did not dispel the effects of wine.
When I ask the maid rolling up the curtains,
She answers, The crab-apple blossoms look the same.
I cry, Can't you see? Can't you see?
The green leaves are fresh but the red flowers are fading!
【虞美人】
春花秋月何时了,往事知多少~小楼昨夜又东风,故国不堪回首月明中。
雕栏玉砌应犹在,只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。
To the Tune of Yu Mei Ren
There is no end to moonlit autumns or flowery springs,
And I have known so very many things.
From my turret the wind was in the east again last night.
A lost land was too much to bear: I turned from the moonlight.
The carven rail and jadework wall are as they were before:
Those rosy cheeks alone are there no more.
Tell me, what is the uttermost extent of pain, you say?
Mine is a river swollen in spring and welling east away.
【长相思】
To the Tune of Chang Xiang Si
山一程,水一程,身向榆关那畔行。夜深千帐灯。
风一更,雪一更,聒碎乡心梦不成,故园无此声。
Over mountains, over rivers
We plod to the Shanhai Pass.
A myriad of fires light the night
From our camp on the river bank.
The shrieking snowstorm breaks my dream
Of my peaceful, tranquil home.
【上邪】A Pledge
上邪~我欲与君相知,长命无绝衰。山无陵,江水为竭,冬雷震震,夏雨雪,天地合,乃敢与君绝。
By heaven,
I shall love you
To the end of time!
Till mountains crumble,
Streams run dry,
Thunder rumbles in winter,
Snow falls in summer,
And the earth mingles with the sky
Not till then will I cease to love you!
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。[李清照《声声慢》]
许渊冲翻译:
2
I look for what I miss;
I know not what it is.
I feel so sad, so drear,
So lonely, without cheer.
林语堂翻译:
So dim, so dark,
So dense, so dull,
So damp, so dank, so dead.
平林漠漠烟如织,寒山一带伤心碧。[李白《菩萨蛮》] A flat,top forest stretches far in embroidered mist, A cluster of mountains cool is tinged with heartbreak blue. 问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。[李煜《虞美人》] How much sorrow, pray, can a person carry? Like the spring torrent flowing eastward without tarry. 无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。[杜甫《登高》] The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower, The endless river roll its waves hour after hour. 十年生死两茫茫,不思量,自难忘。千里孤坟,无处话凄凉。[苏 轼《江城子》]
著名汉学家Burton Watson翻译:
Ten years, dead and living dim and draw apart. I don't try to remember,
But forgetting is hard.
Lonely grave a thousand miles off,
Cold thoughts, where can I talk them out?
又一译:
For ten years the living of the dead knows nought Though to my mind not brought
Could the dead be forgot?
Her lonely grave is far, a thousand miles away. To whom can I my grief convey?
料得年年肠断处,明月夜,短松冈。[苏轼《江城子》] Burton Watson翻译:
Year after year will it break my heart?
The moonlit grave,
The stubby pines.
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。[苏轼《水调歌头?明月几时有》]
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of thi
s graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。[王维《九月九日忆山东兄弟》]
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast,
I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。[苏轼《念奴娇?赤壁怀古》]
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone
all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。[屈原《离骚》]
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I'll s
earch with my will unbending.
两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。[秦观《鹊桥仙》]
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay
together night and day?
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。[王之涣《登鹳雀楼》]
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one fligh
t of stairs.
Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one
more story of the tower.
在天愿做比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。[白居易《长恨歌》]
In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth
two trees with branches interlocked forever.
叹人间,美中不足今方信。纵然是齐眉举案,到底意难平。[曹雪
芹《红楼梦》]
I sigh, learning that no man's happiness in complete;
Even a pair thought well-matched
May find disappointment.
枉费了,意悬悬半世心,好一似,荡悠悠三更梦。忽喇喇似大厦
倾,昏惨惨似灯将尽。呀~一场欢喜忽悲辛。叹人世,终难定~[曹
雪芹《红楼梦》]
In vain her anxious thought for half a lifetime,
For like a disturbing dream at dead of night,
Like the thunderous collapse of a great mansion,
Or the flickering of a lamp that gutters out,
Mirth is suddenly changed to sorrow.
Ah, nothing is certain in the world of men.
丹青不知老将近,富贵于我如浮云。[杜甫《丹青引赠曹将军霸》]
Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming; indeed,
to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding. 衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。[晏殊《蝶恋花》] I find my gown too large, but I will not regret; It's worth while growing languid for my dear coquette. 多情自古伤离别,更那堪,冷落清秋节。[柳永《雨霖铃》] Lovers would grieve at parting as of cold.
How could you stand this clear autumn day so cold! 枝上柳绵吹又少,天涯何处无芳草~[苏轼《蝶恋花?花褪残红》] Most willow catkins have been blown away, alas! But there is no place where grows not the sweet green grass. 系我一生心,负你千行泪。[柳永《忆帝京》]
I shall miss you for the rest of my years,
Which can't compensate you for all your tears.
此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头。[李清照《一剪梅》] Such sorrow can by no means be driven away;
From eyebrows kept apart,
Again it gnaws my heart.
思悠悠,恨悠悠。恨到归时方始休,月明人倚楼。[白居易《长相思》]
My thought stretches endlessly;
My grief wretches endlessly.
Oh, when will my beloved come back to me?
Alone I lean on moonlit balcony. 会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。[杜甫《望岳》]
When shall I reach the top and hold
All mountains in a single glance?
谁言寸草心,报得三春辉。[孟郊《游子吟》]
But how much love has the inch-long grass
For three spring months of the light of the sun? 前不见古人,后不见来者。念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。[陈子昂《登幽州台歌》]
Where, before me, are the ages that have gone? And where, behind me, are the coming generations? I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, And I am all alone and my tears fall down.
安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜,[李白《梦游天姥吟留别》]
Oh, how can I gravely bow and scrape to men of high rank and
men of high office
Who never will suffer being shown an honest-hearted face! 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。[白居易《琵琶行》] Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started to
ward us,
Still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar. 同是天涯沦落人,相逢何必曾相识。[白居易《琵琶行》] We are both unhappy -- to the sky's end.
We meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter? 长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。[李白《行路难》] I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves
And set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea. 君不见,黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回。
君不见,高堂明镜悲白发,朝如青丝暮成雪。
人生得意须尽欢, 莫使金樽空对月,
天生我材必有用, 千金散尽还复来。
[李白《将进酒》]
See how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven. Entering the ocean, never to return.
See how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, Though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow.
...Oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases And never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon! 虞世南
蝉
垂 饮清露
流响出疏桐
居高声自远
非是藉秋风
The Cicada
Drunk with fresh dew, your trill will flow
From 'mid the sparse parasol trees. Rising high, far your voice will go, Not on the wings of autumn breeze. 咏萤
的 流光少
飘摇弱翅轻
恐畏无人识
独自暗中明
The Firefly
You shed a flickering light;
Your wings are weak in flight. Afraid to be unknown,
At night you gleam alone.
孔绍安
落叶
早秋惊落叶
飘零似客心
翻飞未肯下
犹言惜故林
Falling Leaves
In early autumn I'm sad to see falling leaves;
They're dreary like a roamer's heart that their fall grieves.
They twist and twirl as if struggling against the breeze;
I seem to hear them cry, "We will not leave our trees."
王绩
过酒家
此日长昏饮
非关养性灵
眼看人尽醉
何忍独为醒
The Wineshop
Drinking wine all day long,
I won't keep my mind sane.
Seeing the drunken throng,
Should I sober remain?
野望
东皋薄暮望
徙倚欲何依
树树皆秋色
山山唯落晖
牧人驱犊返
猎马带禽归
相顾无相识
长歌怀采薇
A field View
At dusk with eastern shore in view I loiter, but where can I go? Tree on tree tinted with autumn hue; Hill on hill steeped in sunset glow. The shepherd drives the herd homebound; The hunter's steed comes back with game.
There's no acquaintance all around;
I sing of hermits and feel shame.
寒山
杳杳寒山道
杳杳寒山道
落落冷涧滨
啾啾常有鸟
寂寂更无人
淅淅风吹面
纷纷雪积身
朝朝不见日
岁岁不知春
Long, Long The Pathway To Cold Hill
Long, long the pathway to Cold Hill;
Drear, drear the waterside so chill.
Chirp, chirp, I often hear the bird;
Mute, mute, nobody says a word.
Gust by gust winds caress my face;
Flake on flake snow covers all trace.
From day to day the sun won't shine;
year to year no spring is mine. From
王勃
滕王阁诗
滕王高阁临江渚
佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞
画栋朝飞南浦云
朱帘暮卷西山雨
闲云潭影日悠悠
物换星移几度秋
阁中帝子今何在
槛外长江空自流
Prince Teng's Pavilion
By riverside towers Prince Teng's Pavilion proud, But gone are cabs with ringing bells and stirring strains.
At dawn its painted beams bar the south-flying cloud; At dusk its curtains furled face western mountains' rains.
Free clouds cast shadows in the pool from day to day; The world and seasons change beneath the changing sky. Where is the prince who in this pavilion did stay? Beyond the balustrade the silent river rolls by. 送杜少府之任蜀州
城阙辅三秦
风烟望五津
与君离别意
同是宦游人
海内存知己
天涯若比邻
无为在歧路
儿女共沾巾
Farewell To Prefect Du
You'll leave the town walled far and wide For mist-veiled land by riverside. I feel on parting sad and drear, For both of us are strangers here. If you've a friend who knows your heart, Distance can't keep you two apart. At crossroads where we bid adieu, Do not shed tears as women do!
杨炯
从军行
烽火照西京
心中自不平
牙璋辞凤阙
铁骑绕龙城
雪暗凋旗画
风多杂鼓声
宁为百夫长
胜作一书生
I Would Rather Fight
The beacon fire shines o'er the capital, My agitated mind can't be calmed down. By royal roder we leave palace hall; Our armoured steeds besiege the Dragon Town. snow darkens pictures sewn on banners red; In howling winds are mingled our drumbeats. I'd rather fight at a hundred men's head Than pore o'er books without performing feats. 骆宾王
在狱咏蝉
西路蝉声唱
南冠客思侵
那堪玄鬓影
来对白头吟
露重飞难进
风多响易沉
无人信高洁
谁为表予心
The Cicada Heard In Prison
In autumn the cicada sings;
A prisoner, I'm lost in thought. I cannot bear to see its dark wings, Which to my head white hair have brought. Heavy with dew, it cannot fly;
Drowned in the wind, its song's not heard. No one believes tis spirit high. Who could express my grief in word? 韦承庆
南行别弟
淡淡长江水
悠悠远客情
落花相与恨
到地一无声
Southbound, I Part From My Younger Brother On and on flows the River Long; Deep and deep grows our grief to part. The flowers fall mute all along As if they too were sad at heart. 宋之问
渡汉江
岭外音书绝
经冬复历春
近乡情更怯
不敢问来人
Crossing The River Han
Exhiled, I longed for news none bring, From the long winter to late spring. Now nearing home, timid I grow, I dare not ask what I would know. 沈辁期
杂诗
闻道黄龙戍
频年不解兵
可怜闺里月
长在汉家营
少妇今春意
良人昨夜情
谁能将旗鼓
一为取龙城
The Garrison At Yellow Dragon Town Stationed at Yellow Dragon Town, the men Have never been relieved year after year. At home their wives are watching the moon, when
They're staying in the camp on the frontier. Their wives are longing for them when spring comes And can't forget their love on parting night. Oh, who will lead our troops with flags and drums To put the foe at Dragon Town to flight! 贺知章
咏柳
碧玉妆成一树高
万条垂下绿丝绦
不知细叶谁裁出
二月春风似剪刀
The Willow
The slender tree is dressed in emerald all about, A thousand branches droop like fringes made of jade. But do you know by whom these slim leaves are cut out? The wind of early spring is sharp as scissor blade. 回乡偶书
少小离家老大回
乡音无改鬓毛衰
儿童相见不相识
笑问客从何处来
Homecoming
Old, I return to the homeland I left while young, Thinner has grown my hair, though I speak the same tongue. My children, whom I meet, do not know who am I. "Where are you from, dear sir?" they ask with beaming eye. 陈子昂
登幽州台歌
前不见古人
后不见来者
念天地之悠悠
独怆然而涕下
On Climbing The Tower At Youzhou
Where are the great men of the past?
Where are those of future years?
The sky and earth forever last;
Here and now I alone shed tears.
送东莱王学士无竞
宝剑千金买
生平未许人
怀君万里别
持赠结交亲
孤松宜晚岁
众木爱芳春
巳矣将何道
无令白发新
Parting Gift
This sword that cost me dear, To none would I confide.
Now you are to leave here,
Let it go by your side.
Trees delight in spring day; The pine loves wintry air.
What more need I to say?
Don't add to your grey hair! 张说
蜀道后期
客心争日月
来往预期程
秋风不相待
先到洛阳城
My Delayed Departure For Home My heart outruns the moon and sun; It makes the journey not begun. The autumn wind won't wait for me; It arrives there where I would be. 张九龄
望月怀远
海上生明月
天涯共此时
情人怨遥夜
竟夕起相思
灭烛怜光满
披衣觉露滋
不堪盈手赠
还寝梦佳期
Looking At The Moon And Longing For One Far Away
Over the sea the moon shines bright; We gaze at it far, far apart. You might complain how long is night, And I would rise, lovesick at heart. I blow out candle; still there's light. I don my coat: I'm moist with dew. I can't give you these moobeams white But go to bed to dream of you. 自君之出矣
自君之出矣
不复理残机
思君如满月
夜夜减清辉
Since My Lord From Me Parted Since my lord from me parted, I've left unused my loom. The moon wanes, brokenhearted, To see my growing gloom.
范文二:古诗句子英语翻译十则
1、人长久,千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
,、独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. ,、大江东去,浪
淘尽,千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
,、二人同心,其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
,、富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈
夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.
1
,、海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near. ,、合抱之木,
生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny
seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step.
,、祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. ,、见贤思齐焉,见不
贤而内自省也。
On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.
,,、江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。
This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.
All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
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范文三:古诗名句英语翻译.doc
1、但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moon light, even though miles apart.
、独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 2
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
3、大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
4、二人同心,其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
5、富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.
6.海内存知己,天涯若比邻
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
7、合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises
from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step.
8、祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
9、见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。
On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.
10、江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。
This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.
11、举头望明月,低头思故乡。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
12、俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。
All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
13、君子成人之美,不成人之恶。
The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.
14、君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂。
A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.
15、君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。
The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.
、老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。 16
Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one’s family to that of other families.
17、礼尚往来。往而不来,非礼也;来而不往,亦非礼也。
Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.
18、两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 19、路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I’ll search with my will unbending.
20、民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。
The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.
21、千丈之堤,以蝼蚁之穴溃;百尺之屋,以突隙之烟焚。
A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney’s chink.
22、锲而舍之,朽木不折,锲而不舍,金石可镂。
Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved.
23、人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴阳缺,此事古难全。
People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.
24、人之于文学也,犹玉之于琢磨也。
Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade。
25、学而时习之,不亦说乎
Great pleasure is derived from learning and constantly reviewing what has been learned.
26、有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎
Isn't it also great when friends visit from distant places?
27、 天时不如地利,地利不如人和
The time isn't as important as the terrain; but the terrain isn't as important as unity with the people.
28、会当凌绝顶,一览众山小.
I must ascend the mountain's crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.
29.等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春.
I find the face of east wind in an easy way;Myriads of reds and violets only reveal spring
30、春潮带雨晚来急,野度无人舟自横.
On the spring flood of last night's rain The ferry-boat moves as though someone were poling
________________________________
平林漠漠烟如织,寒山一带伤心碧。[李白《菩萨蛮》]
A flat,top forest stretches far in embroidered mist,
A cluster of mountains cool is tinged with heartbreak blue.
问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。[李煜《虞美人》]
How much sorrow, pray, can a person carry?
Like the spring torrent flowing eastward without tarry.
无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。[杜甫《登高》]
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower,
The endless river roll its waves hour after hour.
十年生死两茫茫,不思量,自难忘。千里孤坟,无处话凄凉。[苏轼《江城子》]
著名汉学家Burton Watson翻译:
Ten years, dead and living dim and draw apart.
I don't try to remember,
But forgetting is hard.
Lonely grave a thousand miles off,
Cold thoughts, where can I talk them out?
又一译:
For ten years the living of the dead knows nought
Though to my mind not brought
Could the dead be forgot?
Her lonely grave is far, a thousand miles away.
To whom can I my grief convey?
料得年年肠断处,明月夜,短松冈。[苏轼《江城子》]
Burton Watson翻译:
Year after year will it break my heart?
The moonlit grave,
The stubby pines.
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。[苏轼《水调歌头?明月几时有》]
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though
miles apart.
独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。[王维《九月九日忆山东兄弟》]
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast,
I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
赤壁怀古》] 大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。[苏轼《念奴娇?
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone
years.
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。[屈原《离骚》]
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I'll search with my will unbending.
两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。[秦观《鹊桥仙》]
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day?
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。[王之涣《登鹳雀楼》]
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs. Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.
在天愿做比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。[白居易《长恨歌》]
In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches
interlocked forever.
叹人间,美中不足今方信。纵然是齐眉举案,到底意难平。[曹雪芹《红楼梦》]
I sigh, learning that no man's happiness in complete; Even a pair thought well-matched
May find disappointment.
枉费了,意悬悬半世心,好一似,荡悠悠三更梦。忽喇喇似大厦倾,昏惨惨似灯将尽。呀~一场欢喜忽
悲辛。叹人世,终难定~[曹雪芹《红楼梦》]
In vain her anxious thought for half a lifetime,
For like a disturbing dream at dead of night,
Like the thunderous collapse of a great mansion,
Or the flickering of a lamp that gutters out,
Mirth is suddenly changed to sorrow.
Ah, nothing is certain in the world of men.
丹青不知老将近,富贵于我如浮云。[杜甫《丹青引赠曹将军霸》]
Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming; indeed, to me wealth and rank are like
clouds scudding.
衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。[晏殊《蝶恋花》]
I find my gown too large, but I will not regret;
It's worth while growing languid for my dear coquette. 多情自古伤离别,更那堪,冷落清秋节。[柳永《雨霖铃》]
Lovers would grieve at parting as of cold.
How could you stand this clear autumn day so cold!
枝上柳绵吹又少,天涯何处无芳草~[苏轼《蝶恋花?花褪残红》]
Most willow catkins have been blown away, alas! But there is no place where grows not the sweet green grass. 系我一生心,负你千行泪。[柳永《忆帝京》]
I shall miss you for the rest of my years,
Which can't compensate you for all your tears. 此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头。[李清照《一剪梅》]
Such sorrow can by no means be driven away;
From eyebrows kept apart,
Again it gnaws my heart.
思悠悠,恨悠悠。恨到归时方始休,月明人倚楼。[白居易《长相思》]
My thought stretches endlessly;
My grief wretches endlessly.
Oh, when will my beloved come back to me?
Alone I lean on moonlit balcony.
会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。[杜甫《望岳》]
When shall I reach the top and hold
All mountains in a single glance?
谁言寸草心,报得三春辉。[孟郊《游子吟》]
But how much love has the inch-long grass
For three spring months of the light of the sun? 前不见古人,后不见来者。念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。[陈子昂《登幽州台歌》]
Where, before me, are the ages that have gone? And where, behind me, are the coming generations? I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, And I am all alone and my tears fall down.
安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜,[李白《梦游天姥吟留别》]
Oh, how can I gravely bow and scrape to men of high rank and men of high office
Who never will suffer being shown an honest-hearted face! 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。[白居易《琵琶行》]
Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us,
Still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar. 同是天涯沦落人,相逢何必曾相识。[白居易《琵琶行》]
We are both unhappy -- to the sky's end.
We meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。[李白《行路难》]
I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves And set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea. 君不见,黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回。
君不见,高堂明镜悲白发,朝如青丝暮成雪。
人生得意须尽欢, 莫使金樽空对月,
天生我材必有用, 千金散尽还复来。
[李白《将进酒》]
See how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven. Entering the ocean, never to return.
See how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, Though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow. ...Oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases
And never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon!
回答人的补充 2009-08-14 23:27
1.Deeply I sign for faded flower’s falling in vain.Vaguely I seem to know the swallow comes
again.(无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来。)
2.Fallen in mud and ground to dust, she seems no more. But her fragrance is still the same.(零
落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。)
3.Most willow catkins have been blown away, alas! But there is no place where grows nor the
sweet green grass.(枝上柳棉吹又少,天涯何处无芳草。)
4.The west is veiled in rain, the east enjoys sunshine.My gallant is as deep in love as day
is fine.(东边日出西边雨,道是无情却有情。)
论语几则翻译The 1)Analects
The Master said, to learn and at due times to repeat what one has learned, is that not after all a pleasure, That friends
should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful, To remain unsoured even though one’s merits are unrecognized by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman,
The Master said, “At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no
longer suffered from 2)perplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the 3)biddings of Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with 4)
docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the 5)dictates of my own heart; for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.”
)incomparable indeed was Hui~ A handful of rice to eat, a 7)gourdful of water to drink, living in a The Master said, 6
mean street. Others would have found it 8)unendurably depressing, but to Hui’s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Incomparable indeed was Hui~ 论 语
(一) 子曰:“学而时习之,不亦悦乎,有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎,人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎,”
(二) 子曰:“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。”
(三) 子曰:“贤哉回也~一箪食,一瓢饮,在陋巷,人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。贤哉回也~”
1、 analects 【5An【lekts】 n. 论集,文选
2、 perplexity 【p【5pleksiti】 n. 困惑;窘困
3、 bidding 【5bidiN】 n. 命令,吩咐
4、 docile 【5dEusail】 a. 驯顺的,驯良的
5、 dictate 【5dikteit】 n. 【常用复】命令,支配
6、 incomparable 【in5kCmpErEbl】 a. 无比的,无双的
7、 gourdful 【5guEdful】 n. 一葫芦的量
8、 unendurably 【5Qnin5djuErEbli】 ad. 难忍受地,不可容忍地
经典中国古文英语翻译
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of
bygone years.
二人同心,其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.
海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises
a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. from
祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。
On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.
江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。
This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.
举头望明月,低头思故乡。
my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. Raising
俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。
All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
君子成人之美,不成人之恶。
The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂。
A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his
soul when sleeping alone.
君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。
The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship
between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.
老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。
Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love
the young ones in one’s family to that of other families. of
礼尚往来。往而不来,非礼也;来而不往,亦非礼也。
Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.
两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I’ll search with my will unbendi
ng.
民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。
The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain;
least is the ruler himself.
千丈之堤,以蝼蚁之穴溃;百尺之屋,以突隙之烟焚。
A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney’s chink.
锲而舍之,朽木不折,锲而不舍,金石可镂。
Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved.
人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴阳缺,此事古难全。
People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or
wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.
人之于文学也,犹玉之于琢磨也。
Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade. 三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。
Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Their good qualit
are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided. ies
士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。仁以为己任,不亦重乎,死而后己,不亦远乎,
An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy
responsibility and a long course. Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death? 士之为人,当理不避其难,临患忘利,遗生行义,视死如归。
A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth, discards personal interests in front of disaster, practices righteousness at the expense of life, and looks upon
death as going home.
逝者如斯夫~不舍昼夜。
passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night. The
顺天者存,逆天者亡。
Those who follow the Heaven’s law will survive; those who go against it will perish.
天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,
增益其所不能。
When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abilities.
天生我才必有用。
Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.
天时不如地利,地利不如人和。
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which iturn are less important than the unity among people. n
天行健,君子以自强不息。
As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along. 温故而知新,可以为师矣。
He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后治国,国治而
后天下平。
Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified; thoughts purified, hearts rectified; hearts rectified, personalities cultivated; personalities cultivated, families regulated; families regulated, the states well governed; the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil. 相见时难别亦难。
It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.
学不可以已。青取之于蓝,而青于蓝;冰,水为之,而寒于冰。君子博学而日参省乎己,则知明而行无
过矣。
There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant; so is the ice colder than the water. By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes. 学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger. 学而不厌,诲人不倦。
Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching.
学如逆水行舟,不进则退。
Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。
is such a delight to have friends coming from afar. It
玉不琢,不成器。人不学,不知义。
As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object, a man without learning will not know the Way.
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs. / Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower. 在天愿做比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。
In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.
不登高山,不知天之厚也;不临深渊,不知地之厚也。
One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.
大道之行也,天下为公。
A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails. 大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of
bygone years.
丹青不知老将近,富贵于我如浮云。
Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming; indeed, to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.
曲则全,枉则直,洼则盈,敝则新,少则得,多则惑。
To be part is to be whole; to be bent is to be straight; to be hollow is to be filled; to
worn out is to be renewed; to have little is to have more; to have much is to be confusbe
ed.
2009-08-14 23:40 回答人的补充
1.Deeply I sign for faded flower’s falling in vain.Vaguely I seem to know the swallow comes again.(无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来。)
2.Fallen in mud and ground to dust, she seems no more. But her fragrance is still the same.(零
落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。)
3.Most willow catkins have been blown away, alas! But there is no place where grows nor the sweet green grass.(枝上柳棉吹又少,天涯何处无芳草。)
4.The west is veiled in rain, the east enjoys sunshine.My gallant is as deep in love as day is fine.(东边日出西边雨,道是无情却有请。)
5.When all at once I turn my head,find her there lantern light is dimly shed.(蓦然回首,那
人却在灯火阑珊处。)
1. 和**总理学英语
2. 当总理的翻译的基本功首先是要熟练掌握有中国特色的时事词汇,比如“有关部门”=competent Government
department;“扩大内需”=propel domestic demand;“三农”=agriculture, farmers, and rural areas;
城乡差距=rural-urban divide;家电下乡=home appliances going to countryside;“民生工程”=project for
people's well-being;绩效工资=performance-based wage等等。此外,还要善于数数,比如昨天总理所说
的“三个适应”,就被翻译为“three alignments”。类似这样的词汇固然要能够耳熟能详,但是也要三思而后言,
切不可脱口而出,因为可能涉及最敏感、最核心的问题。
3. 举例来说,中美、中法之间的“会谈”,可用negotiations;但两岸之间的“协商”,就不可用negotiations,昨天
温总理的英语翻译是这样翻译的:consultation and coordination。但是中央政府与达赖集团之间既不是“谈判”,
也不是“协商”,温总理用的汉语词是“接谈”,翻译为contact and consultation,与两岸间的用词有一样的地方(consultation),但是另一个词就不一样了:与台湾是默契的coordination(协调),而与达赖集团只是冷淡的contact(接触)。这就叫做“辩证性”地看问题,昨天温总理用到“辩证性”(“辩证地看待财政赤字的问题”)这个词的时候,我为翻译捏了把汗,千万别直译成dialectically——那样的话,不熟悉哲学术语的老外也听不明白了。还好,这位翻译将“辩证地”灵活地翻译成了a holistic approach(整体分析),通俗而不失高雅。
4. 只要准备充分,翻译这种时事政治的词汇应该还是可以做到To have an image of bamboo in one’s mind(胸有成竹)的。但是,温总理喜欢引用古今中外的名言警句、诗词成语,往往是兴致所至信手拈来,这可就不好准备了,只能靠翻译灵机一动的临场发挥了。果不其然,温总理昨天在开场白谈到提振信心时就吟出“莫道今年春将尽,明年春色倍还人”两句诗(出自唐朝诗人杜审言七律《春日京中有怀》,原文是:“寄语洛城风日道,明年春色倍还人”)。对这两句诗,温总理的翻译采用的是直译的方法:Do not regret that Spring is departing, come
next year as it will be twice as enchanting,听起来还颇有诗意。但是,温总理在回答俄罗斯记者时引用的宋朝诗人陆游的名句“山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村”,就很难照字面直译了,所以在翻译使用了意译的方法:After encountering all kinds of difficulties and experiencing all kinds of hardships, at the end of the
day we will see light at the end of tunnel (经历了种种艰难困苦之后,终于在隧道尽头看见了光明)。
5. 总体来说,昨天温总理的即席翻译基本精准到位,可以打95分,丢掉的那5分,出现在下面一段的翻译:
6. “我们政府投入的1.18万亿主要用于民生工程、技术改造、生态环境保护和重大基础设施建设,其他若干方面都不在这两年4万亿的计划当中。比如我们减免税费实际将超过5000亿,达到6000亿;我们提高企业退休工人养老金的标准;对1200万教师实行绩效工资,提高他们的工资水平;增加农民的收入,扩大补贴范围,提高补贴标准;我们将在三年内使用8500亿实行医药卫生体制改革。所有这些资金都不在4万亿当中”。
7. 这最后一句“所有这些资金都不在4万亿当中”怎么翻,如果翻译成All these aspects are not included in the
4 trillion RMB investment plan ,就是错误的,因为"all aspects are not"的意思不是“所有都不是”,而是“不是所有的都是”,比如All is not gold that glitters(闪光的未必就是金子)。可惜昨天记者招待会上就是这样翻译的:All these aspects are not included in the 4 trillion RMB investment plan,在老外听来其含义是“不是所有的这些资金都包含在4万亿当中”,这个钱可差多了~比较好的翻译是把All换成None of,去掉not,即None of these aspects are included in the 4 trillion RMB investment plan,
8. 除了上面这句英文翻译的问题,官方网站的中文实录稿也有失误。**总理在谈到这场金融危机中任何国家都不可能独善其身时,讲了一个道理:“乞火莫若取燧,寄汲莫若凿井”(语出西汉刘安《淮南子?览冥训》,原文“乞火不若取燧,寄汲不若凿井”)。温总理知道给翻译出了个难题,所以特意用白话解释说:“就是你想乞求得到火,不如自己去寻找打火的燧石”;“你想得到水,不如自己去凿井”。这么一解释,翻译就不难了:We would better fetch a flint than beg for light; we would better dig a well ourselves than beg for water from others。然而,文字实录稿乃至事后发出的电讯稿都把温总理所说的“乞火莫若取燧,寄汲莫若凿井”误写成了“取火莫若取燧,汲水莫若凿井”,意思虽然不差多少,可这毕竟是中文,真的不该错。
范文四:浅论中国古诗翻译中的模糊美,英语翻译学论文-_3065【论文全集】
浅论中国古诗翻译中的模糊美,英语翻译学论文|
摘要:中国古代诗词的模糊美在英译过程中的流失成为诗歌翻译的一大憾事。刘勰在《文心雕龙》提出的文学文本的“隐秀”观给诗歌翻译提出了借鉴方法。译诗应当像原诗一样有隐有秀,隐秀适宜。本文试图在“隐秀”观的观照下,对原诗词的模糊性特征进行分析并根据相应的翻译策略,对诗词模糊美在翻译过程中的保存和实现进行探讨。关键词:模糊美;隐秀;古代诗词;诗歌翻译 著名翻译家蒂里特(Tyrahitt) 说:“翻译贵在发幽掘微,穷其毫末,在造词与琢句方面,需译出其文;在性格与风格方面,需译出其人;在褒贬与爱憎方面,需译出其情;在神调与语感方面,要译出其声。”[1 ]然而,这只是理想的翻译观,并不是翻译实践的真实写照。汉语是以神驭形的“意境性”语言,其创造的极致就是含蓄美、朦胧美,亦即模糊美,这里的模糊指诗歌描写的内容是实,所引起的想象是虚,具象是显,意境是隐,即虚实相生,显隐相成。正如刘勰所言“文之英蕤,有秀有隐。”[2 ] (《文心雕龙•隐秀》,以下该篇引文只注篇名) 应用于诗歌翻译中,好的译诗应当有所译有所不译,像原诗一样词约旨丰,意味深远,即得原诗语言的贴切生动,又得原诗丰富的曲致韵味。一、“隐秀”对古诗翻译模糊美的启示汉语的意合特征使中国诗歌别样美妙,用词凝练含蓄,富于音美意美,写景抒情力求空灵静虚,隐秀含蓄,使人因而感叹“言有尽而意无穷”。[3 ] 究其原因,刘勰认为在于意虚而言实,精妙的思维,曲致的韵味,都只可意会而难以言传。运用“隐秀”这个美学范畴,言意矛盾得以分析缓解,诗歌语言的诗学特征得以进一步发掘。“隐也者,文http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
外之重旨者也;秀也者,篇中之独拔者也。隐以复意为工,秀以卓绝为巧。”具体而言,“隐”是“文外之重旨”,是“义主文外”,对于诗歌来说,这种超然于诗句语言之外的韵味、意境尤其重要。“秀”是“独拔”“卓绝”之言,是一种富于独创性的非常个性化的语言,是诗歌中的“点睛”之言,能突显诗歌的“诗眼”和彰示诗歌的整体美,即所谓“秀气成采”。[2 ] (《征胜》)“情在词外曰隐,状溢目前曰秀。”梅尧臣也提出相似的观点:“含不尽之意见于言外,状难写之景如在眼前。”[2 ] 隐是婉约含蓄,秀是彰显突出,隐意为虚,秀词为实,隐与秀的关系也可理解为虚与实的关系,隐意含秀词,秀词状隐意,二者互动,扩展语言的空间,增强语言的张力,深化诗歌的意境。刘勰“隐秀”篇言意之辩深刻影响了后世的文艺创作及理论发展,丰富了现当代翻译理论,对翻译实践起了一定的指导作用。中国古代诗词由于用词简约、意境悠远而流传千载。“所谓意境似乎不是意念上的意义,而是境界上的意味。”[5 ] 金岳霖先生认为,由于诗有此特殊的意境,因此“诗差不多是不能翻译的”。[4 ]隐秀作为诗学的一个核心价值,是诗歌的基本诗性特征。古人在写景抒情壮志时,总觉言不尽意,言难尽意,而译者在翻译诗歌时,却不得不追索其中的言外之意,味外之旨,译出那隐于字词间却情思萦绕的意境之美,使译作作到“内明而外润,使玩之者无穷,味之者不厌。”[2 ] (《隐秀》) 遗憾的是,在汉诗英译过程中,我们不得不眼睁睁地看着诗歌中模糊美感的磨蚀。诗歌中模糊美的保存,能激起读者的多重兴味,诱发读者的丰富思索和联想,即于形中见到神,于其显现在场之物想象到隐蔽不在场之物,“情以物兴,物以情http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
观”[2 ] (《诠赋》) 。因此,译者应充分发挥想象“, 登山则情满于山,本论文由无忧论文网整理提供观海则意溢于海”“, 才之多少,将与风云而并驱矣。”[2 ]《( 神思》)让读者以实探虚,从“秀”见“隐”,能体会诗歌的象外之韵,景外之情。用之于诗歌翻译的隐秀观,蕴涵多种翻译思想,它把言与意、虚与实、显与隐、形与神、情与景、篇中与文外、译文与原文的关系都联系起来了[5 ] 。另外,它也将译文与读者即诗歌鉴赏者联系起来。诗歌中的“隐”,即诗歌的韵味和意境需要靠读者的想象来补充,其所包含的丰富悠远的思想、感情也有赖于读者的体会。正如《知音》篇所说,“酝酿者见密而高蹈,浮慧者观奇而跃心。”“夫惟深识奥鉴,必欢然内怪。”[2 ] (《知音》)“隐”与“秀”交相辉印,相辅相成,在实现诗歌翻译模糊美的过程中,既重视诗词语言的表层表达,也不忽视诗歌隐含的言外之意。二、“隐秀”观照下的古诗翻译策略朱光潜先生在《诗的隐与显》中指出写景的诗要“显”,言情的诗要“隐”。在翻译诗歌时,也应注意有隐有秀、虚实结合。为尽量减少汉诗英译过程中模糊美的磨损,我们可以从《隐秀》中借鉴方法,根据具体的翻译实践,得出如下的翻译策略:(1) 虚实相生,隐秀适宜(2) 发挥想象,创造生奇(3) 语言自然,丰简有度(一) 虚实相生,隐秀适宜诗歌中的意无限精微、深远难尽;而言则可含蓄蕴藉、余味曲包。意为“虚”“隐”,言可“实”“显”,“隐”似“珠玉潜水,而澜表方圆”,“秀”则“波起辞间”[2 ] (《隐秀》) 。如此,才可将繁复无穷的意味通过有限简约的言辞表达出来。在翻译时,虚实结合,有隐有秀,有所译有所不译。如李商隐的《锦瑟》一诗“沧海月明珠有泪,蓝http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
田日暖玉生烟”,下面有二种译法:译文一:Tears that are pears , in ocean moonlight steaming ,Jade mists the sun distils from Saphire Sward. (By John Turner)译文二:Moonlight in the blue sea , pearls shedding tears ,In the warm sun the jade in the blue fields
engendering smoke.(By Robert Payne)两位译者都把本来模糊隐含的
意思明确化了,这样反而失去了原文的模糊美。翁显良先生则建议不如
保留原文的模糊语言,以隐对隐,让读者自己去体味诗中的意蕴,以下
是翁先生[6 ]的译文:Dark green sea , tears , pearls , moonlight streaming ,Sunny blue jade fields , warm haze shimmering.译诗
中不见一个结构词, streaming 的逻辑主语可能不止moon - light 一
个, shimmering 的逻辑主语也可能不只是warmhaze ,意义虽含晦不
明,但读者却能够由诗句的引导而想象出那种美妙的画面。(二) 发挥
想象,创造生奇诗歌意境所引发的模糊美,需要读者发挥想象,领会其
中的意味。而对于译者来说,就要运用想象力,发挥创造才能,打破原文
的表层结构,以译入语的习惯重新表达,让译语鉴赏者与原诗读者一样,
能体会原诗词意境的含蓄美,情感的蕴藉美。可见,想象力与创造力对
诗歌翻译的重要性也不可小觑。例如:唐代诗人李白的《秋浦歌》的前
两句:白发三千丈,缘愁似个长。吕叔湘[7 ]译为:My whitening hair
would make a long long rope ,Yet could not fathom all my depth
of woe ;王大濂[8 ]译为:Three thousand meters long is my gray hair ,For I’ve had sorrow as much to compare.原诗经久不衰,
其原因就在于诗中所描写的“白发”的模糊长度和愁绪的模糊度量。
http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
这种另辟蹊径的妙句最能激发读者的想象力,创造出朦胧的模糊,增强诗人愁绪的感染力。比较两种译文,译文一婉转自然,切合原意,译诗中不实译“三千丈”,而是发挥想象,本论文由无忧论文网整理提供采用以需对实,以隐对显的译法,结合第二句一起译成了“My whitening hair would make a long long rope ,Yet could not fathom all my
depth of woe”,把诗人的愁思渲染得更为浓烈。译文二则直接把诗人的愁思和三千丈白发作对比,表达诗人的无限愁绪,就其意境上来说,本人拙见觉得第一种译法无形中深化了原诗的整体意象,更能使人感受到那种挥之不去的弥漫开来的愁思。(三) 语言自然,丰简有度中国古诗语言凝练,写景状物抒情大多由感而发,语言自然,读来琅琅入口,听来音韵优美,情感自然流露。为了无损原诗的音形意美,汉语诗歌翻译的“隐”与“秀”就要以“自然会妙”为佳,“晦塞为深,虽奥非隐;雕削取巧,虽美非秀矣。”[2 ]《隐秀》) 在处理内涵丰富、意境深远的文句时,不能译得过于晦涩;在翻译直白显明的诗句时,就不能过于雕琢修饰,否则“文过饰非”,会使人感觉不自然。总之,“隐”要力求译作易解“, 秀”需保存原作丰姿,语言应简约自然,恰当把握两者的关系。例如:韦应物的诗《夕次盱眙县》中有两句:独夜忆秦关,听钟未眠客。Bynner 译为:At midnight I think of northern city ,And I
hear a bell tolling between me and sleep.Jenyns 译为:In the loneness of the night I think of the western frontier ,Listening
to the monastery bell , a sleepless stranger.译文一失之抽象,不合乎中国人的心理,译文二则语言自然而蕴藉,有种朴实之美。可见http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
在翻译这种具有简朴之美的作品时,相应的使用译语中“最切近(原文) 的自然对等”[9 ] 的语言才是明智之举。中国古诗词约音美意丰,而在其英译过程中,诗词的音韵美、形式美和意境美都不免有所流失,尤其是意境美,即诗歌深远意境所造成的模糊美、朦胧美。除了原诗自身“难译”的因素外,译者对于原文诗词的理解及其翻译水平也很重要。刘勰《文心雕龙. 隐秀》给了我们很大的启示,诗歌翻译应有隐有秀,有虚有实,译得讳莫如深,会加深诗歌的神秘感;译得过于平白浅显,会使原诗意韵一泻无余。译者应“长辔远驭,从容按节”,要“因时顺机,变通适会”[2 ] (《通变》) 。这样,才能使中国古诗的美丽为更多人欣赏,使中国悠久灿烂的文化为世界共享。另外“, 读者的阅读经验视野构成了期待视野,本论文由无忧论文网整理提供而期待视野又会影响读者对译文的接受。”[10 ] 正如《知音》所言:“兰为国香,服媚弥芬;书亦国华,玩泽方美。”[2]《知音》) 因此只有在译者和读者的共同努力和参与下,中国古诗词的美妙和文化的深远内涵才能更为广泛地传播。参考文献:[1 ] 毛荣贵. 翻译美学[M] . 上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005.[2 ] 范文澜. 文心雕龙注[M] . 北京:人民文学出版社,1978.[3 ] 严羽. 沧浪诗话•诗辩[A] . 郭绍虞. 中国历代文论选(第二册) [ C] .上海:上海古籍出版社,1983.[4 ] 王宏印. 中国传统译论经典诠释—从道安到傅雷[M] . 武汉:湖北教育出版社,2003.[5 ] 孟东红. 文学翻译的隐秀观[J ] . 外语研究. 2007 , (1) .[6 ] 翁显良. 意态由来画不成[M] . 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司,1983.[7 ] 吕叔湘. 英译唐人绝句百首[M] . 长沙:湖南教育出http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
版社,1980.[8 ] 王大濂. 英译唐诗绝句百首[M] . 天津:百花文艺出版社,1997.[9 ] 谭载喜. 西方翻译简史:增订版[M] . 北京:商务印书馆,2004.[10 ] 张美芳. 翻译研究的功能途径[M] . 上海:上海外语教育出版社,
http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
http://www.docin.com/yesterdaylove
范文五:【精品论文】浅论中国古诗翻译中的模糊美-英语翻译学论文
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浅论中国古诗翻译中的模糊美-英语翻译学论文
摘要:中国古代诗词的模糊美在英译过程中的流失成为诗歌翻译的一大憾
事。刘勰在《文心雕龙》提出的文学文本的“隐秀”观给诗歌翻译提出了借鉴方法。译诗应
当像原诗一样有隐有秀,隐秀适宜。本文试图在“隐秀”观的观照下,对原诗词的模糊性特征
进行分析并根据相应的翻译策略,对诗词模糊美在翻译过程中的保存和实现进行探讨。
关键词:模糊美;隐秀;古代诗词;诗歌翻译
著名翻译家蒂里特(Tyrahitt) 说:“翻译贵在发幽掘微,穷其毫末,在造词与琢句方面,需译出其文;在性格与风格方面,需译出其人;在褒贬与爱憎方面,需译出其情;在神调与语感方面,要译出其声。”[1 ]然而,这只是理想的翻译观,并不是翻译实践的真实写照。汉语是以神驭形的“意境性”语言,其创造的极致就是含蓄美、朦胧美,亦即模糊美,这里的模糊指诗歌描写的内容是实,所引起的想象是虚,具象是显,意境是隐,即虚实相生,显隐相成。正如刘勰所言“文之英蕤,有秀有隐。”[2 ] (《文心雕龙•隐秀》,以下该篇引文只注篇名) 应用于诗歌翻译中,好的译诗应当有所译有所
不译,像原诗一样词约旨丰,意味深远,即得原诗语言的贴切生动,又得原诗丰富的曲致韵味。
一、“隐秀”对古诗翻译模糊美的启示汉语的意合特征使中国诗歌别样美妙,用词凝练含蓄,富于音美意美,写景抒情力求空灵静虚,隐秀含蓄,使人因而感叹“言有尽而意无穷”。[3 ] 究其原因,刘勰认为在于意虚而言实,精妙的思维,曲致的韵味,都只可意会而难以言传。运用
“隐秀”这个美学范畴,言意矛盾得以分析缓解,诗歌语言的诗学特征得以进一步发掘。“隐
也者,文外之重旨者也;秀也者,篇中之独拔者也。隐以复意为工,秀以卓绝为巧。”
具体而言,“隐”是“文外之重旨”,是“义主文外”,对于诗歌来说,这种超然于诗句语言之外的
韵味、意境尤其重要。“秀”是“独拔”“卓绝”之言,是一种富于独创性的非常个性化的语
言,是诗歌中的“点睛”之言,能突显诗歌的“诗眼”和彰示诗歌的整体美,即所谓“秀气成采”。[2 ] (《征胜》)“情在词外曰隐,状溢目前曰秀。”梅尧臣也提出相似的观点:“含不尽之意见于言外,状难写之景如在眼前。”[2 ] 隐是婉约含蓄,秀是彰显突出,隐意为虚,秀词为实,隐与秀的关系也可理解为虚与实的关系,隐意含秀词,秀词状隐意,二者互动,扩展语言的空间,增强语言的张力,深化诗歌的意境。刘勰“隐秀”篇言意之辩深刻影响了后世的文艺
创作及理论发展,丰富了现当代翻译理论,对翻译实践起了一定的指导作用。中国古代诗词由
于用词简约、意境悠远而流传千载。“所谓意境似乎不是意念上的意义,而是境界上的意味。”[5 ] 金岳霖先生认为,由于诗有此特殊的意境,因此“诗差不多是不能翻译的”。[4 ]隐秀作为诗学的一个核心价值,是诗歌的基本诗性特征。古人在写景抒情壮志时,总觉言不尽意,言难尽意,而译者在翻译诗歌时,却不得不追索其中的言外之意,味外之旨,译出那隐于字词间却情思萦绕的意境之美,使译作作到“内明而外润,使玩之者无穷,味之者不厌。”[2 ] (《隐秀》) 遗憾的是,在汉诗英译过程中,我们不得不眼睁睁地看着诗歌中模糊美感的磨蚀。诗歌
中模糊美的保存,能激起读者的多重兴味,诱发读者的丰富思索和联想,即于形中见到神,于其显现在场之物想象到隐蔽不在场之物,“情以物兴,物以情观”[2 ] (《诠赋》) 。
因此,译者应充分发挥想象“, 登山则情满于山,本论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.com整理提供观海则意溢于海”“, 才之多少,将与风云而并驱矣。”[2 ]《( 神思》)让读者以实探虚,从“秀”见“隐”,能体会诗歌的象外之韵,景外之情。用之于诗歌翻译的隐秀观,蕴涵多种翻译思想,它把言与意、虚与实、显与隐、形与神、情与景、篇中与文外、译文与原文的
关系都联系起来了[5 ] 。另外,它也将译文与读者即诗歌鉴赏者联系起来。诗歌中的“隐”,免责声明:我是你的优乐美(http://www.docin.com/qq1183456150)中所有的文档资料均由网络提供。我是你
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即诗歌的韵味和意境需要靠读者的想象来补充,其所包含的丰富悠远的思想、感情也有赖于
读者的体会。正如《知音》篇所说,“酝酿者见密而高蹈,浮慧者观奇而跃心。”“夫惟深识奥
鉴,必欢然内怪。”[2 ] (《知音》)“隐”与“秀”交相辉印,相辅相成,在实现诗歌翻译模糊美的过程中,既重视诗词语言的表层表达,也不忽视诗歌隐含的言外之意。二、“隐秀”观
照下的古诗翻译策略朱光潜先生在《诗的隐与显》中指出写景的诗要“显”,言情的诗要“隐”。在翻译诗歌时,也应注意有隐有秀、虚实结合。为尽量减少汉诗英译过程中模糊美的磨损,我们可以从《隐秀》中借鉴方法,根据具体的翻译实践,得出如下的翻译策略:(1) 虚实相生,隐秀适宜(2) 发挥想象,创造生奇(3) 语言自然,丰简有度(一) 虚实相生,隐秀适宜诗歌中的意无限精微、深远难尽;而言则可含蓄蕴藉、余味曲包。意为“虚”“隐”,言可“实”“显”,“隐”似“珠玉潜水,而澜表方圆”,“秀”则“波起辞间”[2 ] (《隐秀》) 。
如此,才可将繁复无穷的意味通过有限简约的言辞表达出来。在翻译时,虚实结合,有隐有秀,有所译有所不译。如李商隐的《锦瑟》一诗“沧海月明珠有泪,蓝田日暖玉生烟”,下面有二种译法:译文一:Tears that are pears , in ocean moonlight steaming ,Jade mists the sun
distils from Saphire Sward. (By John Turner)译文二:Moonlight in the blue sea , pearls
shedding tears ,In the warm sun the jade in the blue fields engendering smoke.(By
Robert Payne)两位译者都把本来模糊隐含的意思明确化了,这样反而失去了原文的模糊美。
翁显良先生则建议不如保留原文的模糊语言,以隐对隐,让读者自己去体味诗中的意蕴,以下是翁先生[6 ]的译文:Dark green sea , tears , pearls , moonlight streaming ,Sunny blue
jade fields , warm haze shimmering.译诗中不见一个结构词, streaming 的逻辑主语可能不止moon - light 一个, shimmering 的逻辑主语也可能不只是warmhaze ,意义虽含晦不明,但读者却能够由诗句的引导而想象出那种美妙的画面。(二) 发挥想象,创造生奇诗歌意境所引发的模糊美,需要读者发挥想象,领会其中的意味。而对于译者来说,就要运用想象力,发挥创造才能,打破原文的表层结构,以译入语的习惯重新表达,让译语鉴赏者与原诗读
者一样,能体会原诗词意境的含蓄美,情感的蕴藉美。可见,想象力与创造力对诗歌翻译的重
要性也不可小觑。例如:唐代诗人李白的《秋浦歌》的前两句:白发三千丈,缘愁似个长。吕叔湘[7 ]译为:M
y whitening hair would make a long long rope ,Yet could not fathom
all my depth of woe ;王大濂[8 ]译为:Three thousand meters long is my gray hair ,For
I’ve had sorrow as much to compare.原诗经久不衰,其原因就在于诗中所描写的“白发”
的模糊长度和愁绪的模糊度量。这种另辟蹊径的妙句最能激发读者的想象力,创造出朦胧的模糊,增强诗人愁绪的感染力。比较两种译文,译文一婉转自然,切合原意,译诗中不实译“三千丈”,而是发挥想象,本论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.com整理提供采用以需对实,以隐对显的译法,结合第二句一起译成了“My whitening hair would make a long long rope ,Yet
could not fathom all my depth of woe”,把诗人的愁思渲染得更为浓烈。译文二则直接
把诗人的愁思和三千丈白发作对比,表达诗人的无限愁绪,就其意境上来说,本人拙见觉得第一种译法无形中深化了原诗的整体意象,更能使人感受到那种挥之不去的弥漫开来的愁思。
(三) 语言自然,丰简有度中国古诗语言凝练,写景状物抒情大多由感而发,语言自然,读来琅琅入口,听来音韵优美,情感自然流露。为了无损原诗的音形意美,汉语诗歌翻译的“隐”与“秀”就要以“自然会妙”为佳,“晦塞为深,虽奥非隐;雕削取巧,虽美非秀矣。”[2 ]《隐秀》) 在处理内涵丰富、意境深远的文句时,不能译得过于晦涩;在翻译直白显明的诗句时,就不能过于雕琢修饰,否则“文过饰非”,会使人感觉不自然。总之,“隐”要力求译作易解
“, 秀”需保存原作丰姿,语言应简约自然,恰当把握两者的关系。例如:韦应物的诗《夕次免责声明:我是你的优乐美(http://www.docin.com/qq1183456150)中所有的文档资料均由网络提供。我是你
的优乐美对提供的文档资料进行筛选和编辑,但是并不声明或保证其内容的合法性、正确性或可靠性。该
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盱眙县》中有两句:独夜忆秦关,听钟未眠客。Bynner 译为:At midnight I think of northern
city ,And I hear a bell tolling between me and sleep.Jenyns 译为:In the loneness of the night I think of the western frontier ,Listening to the monastery bell , a
sleepless stranger.译文一失之抽象,不合乎中国人的心理,译文二则语言自然而蕴藉,有种朴实之美。可见在翻译这种具有简朴之美的作品时,相应的使用译语中“最切近(原文) 的自然对等”[9 ] 的语言才是明智之举。中国古诗词约音美意丰,而在其英译过程中,诗词的音韵美、形式美和意境美都不免有所流失,尤其是意境美,即诗歌深远意境所造成的模糊美、
朦胧美。除了原诗自身“难译”的因素外,译者对于原文诗词的理解及其翻译水平也很重要。
刘勰《文心雕龙. 隐秀》给了我们很大的启示,诗歌翻译应有隐有秀,有虚有实,译得讳莫如深,会加深诗歌的神秘感;译得过于平白浅显,会使原诗意韵一泻无余。译者应“长辔远驭,从容按节”,要“因时顺机,变通适会”[2 ] (《通变》) 。这样,才能使中国古诗的美丽为
更多人欣赏,使中国悠久灿烂的文化为世界共享。另外“, 读者的阅读经验视野构成了期待
视野,本论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.com整理提供而期待视野又会影响读者对译文的
接受。”[10 ] 正如《知音》所言:“兰为国香,服媚弥芬;书亦国华,玩泽方美。”《知音》) 因此只有在译者和读者的共同努力和参与下,中国古诗词的美妙和文化的深远内涵才能更为广
泛地传播。
参考文献:
[1 ] 毛荣贵. 翻译美学[M] . 上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005.
[2 ] 范文澜. 文心雕龙注[M] . 北京:人民文学出版社,1978.
[3 ] 严羽. 沧浪诗话•诗辩[A] . 郭绍虞. 中国历代文论选(第二册) [ C] .上海:上海古籍出版社,1983.
[4 ] 王宏印. 中国传统译论经典诠释—从道安到傅雷[M] . 武汉:湖北教育出版社,2003.
[5 ] 孟东红. 文学翻译的隐秀观[J ] . 外语研究. 2007 , (1) .
[6 ]
翁显良. 意态由来画不成[M] . 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司,1983.
[7 ] 吕叔湘. 英译唐人绝句百首[M] . 长沙:湖南教育出版社,1980.
[8 ] 王大濂. 英译唐诗绝句百首[M] . 天津:百花文艺出版社,1997.
[9 ] 谭载喜. 西方翻译简史:增订版[M] . 北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[10 ] 张美芳. 翻译研究的功能途径[M] . 上海:上海外语教育出版社,
免责声明:我是你的优乐美(http://www.docin.com/qq1183456150)中所有的文档资料均由网络提供。我是你
的优乐美对提供的文档资料进行筛选和编辑,但是并不声明或保证其内容的合法性、正确性或可靠性。该
文档资料的版权属于提供者所有,有关版权的问题请直接与提供者联系。