范文一:2013闵行初三语文二模
诗词原句填?空。(?~?小题必做,??两小题选做?一题)(5分)
? ,禅房花木深?。(《题破山寺后?禅院》))
? 大漠孤烟直?, 。(《使至塞上》)
? 戎马关山北?, 。(《登岳阳楼》)
? 了却君王天?下事, 。(《破阵子•为陈同甫赋?壮词以寄之 ?》)>
? **《沁园春•雪》中承上启下?的句子是“ , ”。
? 阎伯理的《黄鹤楼》用“坐窥井邑,俯拍云烟”写登楼远眺?城乡景色,崔颢的《黄鹤楼》也写了登楼?远眺的美景?,这两句是“ , 。 ”
3、选出对文章?理解不正确?的一句。(2分)
A、《童年的朋友?》选自苏联作?家高尔基的?《童年》,本文通过对?外祖母形象?的细致描绘?,表现了外祖?母乐观、坚毅的性格?,抒发了“我”对外祖母的?热爱、感激之情。
B、《柳叶儿》一文写的也?是童年的趣?事,上树爬高、抢柳叶儿、吃柳叶儿这?些事,让我们感受?到作者的童?年时光快乐?而幸福。
C、《三颗枸杞豆?》用回忆的笔?法,写了三叔一?生留给“我”的教训――三颗枸杞豆?以及这三颗?枸杞豆对我?的启示、教育。
D、《巍巍中山陵?》不仅说明了?陵园建筑群?体规模宏伟?,气氛庄严肃?穆,而且巧妙地?突出了孙中?山先生在人?民心中的崇?高地位。 答:【 】
4、选出依次填?入横线上的?词语最恰当?的一组。( 2分)
? 为进一步做?好城市环境?整治工作,市政府对城?市建设布局?作出了新的? _____?_。
? 在这个真实?的故事中,_____?_着一种美?丽的东西。
? 东南亚海啸?灾害后,中国政府郑?重____?__,中国愿根据?受灾国需要?,进行多项援 ?助。? 仓库里堆满?了棉花包,万一失火,后果将__?___ _。
A、规划 蕴含 承诺 不堪设想 B、计划 蕴含 承诺 不可思议
C、规划 蕴藏 许诺 不堪设想 D、计划 蕴藏 许诺 不可思议 答:【 】
5、选出对名著?《西游记》表述不正确?的一项。(2分)
A、《西游记》是一部长篇?神魔小说,共一百回,主要写孙悟?空与猪八戒?、沙和尚一起?保护唐代大?和尚玄奘到?天竺(古印度)去寻访佛经?,经历九九八?十一难,战胜了各路?妖魔鬼怪,终于取到真?经的真实故 ?事。B、孙悟空是《西游记》中的一号人?物,他乐观、聪明、勇敢、顽皮,充满了斗争?精神,他始终是战?胜妖魔鬼怪?的战斗主力? 。
C、唐玄奘历史?上确有其人?,而《西游记》中的唐僧则?是一个由作?家创造出来?的全新的艺 ?术形象。D、《西游记》的作者是吴?承恩,江苏淮安人?,出生于一个?破落的书香?世家,当过两任小?官,但很不得意?。晚年回到故?乡隐居,他的长篇小?说《西游记》大约就是这?时候写成的 ?。
答:【 】
6、根据下面这?段文字的内?容,概括出几条?注意事项。 (3分)
从电视荧光?屏发出的光?线,一般对人眼?并没有直接?的损伤。但如收看时?屏幕图象不?清、时间连续过?长,或周围光线?、距离不合适?,则会使眼睛?疲劳, 从而发生假?性近视并演?变为真性近?视。此外,收看电视往?往在暗光下?,此时主要依?靠视网膜的?圆柱细胞,收看时间过?长,圆柱细胞中?的视紫质消?耗过多,也会损害视 ?力。看电视时要?注意保护眼?睛:_____?_____?_____?_____?_____?_____?_____ ?___
。
7、对“荷”的专题探究?,是本学期语?文学习的重?要内容之一?。请根据你自?己探究实践?的收获与体?会,自行设计一?条测试题,并把该题目?的参考答案?写在下面。( 3分)
题目:
参考答案:
。
得分 评卷人
二、阅读理解(39分)
阅读《国宝――大熊猫》选段,回答8,11题。(10分)
大熊猫如今?分布地域十?分狭窄,仅见于我国?四川省的岷?山、邛崃山和大?小凉山,甘肃省的南?缘和陕西省?秦岭南麓等?海拔200?0,3500米?的崇山峻岭?。那里的森林?地带人烟稀?少,绝大部分山?岭都是悬崖?绝壁,高耸人云,但也有连绵?不绝的缓坡?。山坡上覆盖?着葱茏茂密?的原始森林?。山林间云雾?缭绕,烟波浩瀚,空气潮湿,泉水丰富,到处生长着?苔藓,在繁茂的植?物中夹杂多?种竹类。生活在这里?的大熊猫,终年就以嫩?竹清泉度日?,成了“竹林隐士”。
……
其实,科学家定名?大熊猫为“猫熊”,是因为它的?祖先跟熊的?祖先相近,都属于食肉?目。后来熊一直?保持肉食习?惯,而大熊猫却?弃荤食素,最喜翠竹,偶尔也吃玉?米秆、幼杉树皮。这是为什么?呢,据科学家研?究,大熊猫远祖?虽是肉食动?物,后来,由于寻不着?肉食,只得吃满山?丛生的竹子?,代代相传,也就养成了?吃竹子的习?惯。大熊猫食用?的竹类共有?17种,其中最爱吃?的是冷箭竹?和华橘竹。不过,竹子中的营?养成分不多?,主要是难以?消化的纤维?素,所以大熊猫?食量很大,一头成年的?大熊猫每昼?夜最少要吃?15,20公斤竹?子,排出大量消?化不了的纤?维素。凡是大熊猫?活动的地方?,最容易发现?的就是一堆?堆纤维素粪?便。不过,大熊猫有时?也显露食肉?的本性,捕食竹鼠之?类动物。
8、根据第一段?回答,大熊猫生存?的自然环境?必须具备的?特殊条件有?哪些,( 3分)
(1)???? (2)???? (3)????
9、用简略的文?字概括第二?段的主要内?容。( 2分)
10、文中说“大熊猫食量?很大,一头成年的?大熊猫每昼?夜最少要吃?15,20公斤竹?子”,请问大熊猫?食量惊人的?原因是什么?,(2分)
11、今年5月,中共中央台?湾事务办公?室宣布将向?台湾赠送一?对大熊猫,现已在全国?开展名为“与台湾同胞?一起,为象征两岸?幸福的熊猫?起名”的征名活动?。按照习惯,大熊猫名将?由两个字组?成。如果你也参?加这项活动?,请问你准备?为它起一个?什么名字,这名字的寓?意是什么,( 3分)
得分 评卷人
。
阅读下面的?新闻,完成12,14题。(9分)
聚焦珠峰测?高冲顶 攻坚克难上?峰巅
5月22日?凌晨,在海拔83?00米突击?营地待命的?珠峰登山测?量队的队员?们就要冲顶 ?了。 登顶指挥部?里,大家在有条?不紊地忙碌?着。队员们计划?凌晨1点出?发,但从步话机?里传来海拔?8300米?营地的消息?,却让人把心?提了起来:“这里的风太?大,路根本看不?清,没有办法出 ?发……” 指挥部里气?氛骤然紧张?,过了好一会?,总指挥终于?下达了指令?:“在原地待命 ?。” “因为珠峰峰?顶下午一般?会有大风,为了避开大?风,只有早走,在上午9点?半左右登顶?,这样才最安?全。”多次登顶珠?峰的藏族登?山队员桂桑?告诉记者。
凌晨2点,中科院的科?学家们施放?了无线电气?象探空气球?。“从数据看,现在峰顶的?气象条件并?不理想。风速是每秒?22米,大约是10?级左右,温度是零下?32摄氏度?。”李茂善博士 ?说。
凌晨3点半?,从海拔83?00米营地?传来消息:风小了一些?,道路能辨清?了。“再不能耽搁?了,必须出发了?~”冲顶队员在?队长嘉布的?带领下,迎着大风,顶着月光,出发了。
早上8点,天光大亮,山下的人们?架起了高倍?望远镜和经?纬仪,从镜头中跟?随着冲顶的? 队员们。 这时,科学家们再?次施放气球?,数据仍然不?理想:风速每秒1?9米,差不多9级?,温度零下3? 1摄氏度。
上午8点4?0分,队员们已经?聚集在“第二台阶”下了。“第二台阶”是冲顶路途?中最困难的?一段,是一截直上?直下的梯子?。整整1个小?时,山下的人一?直在揪着心?。9点40分?,望远镜中的?黑点终于往?前跳动了。“越过第二台?阶了~”山下的人一?片欢腾。
上午10点?,阳光普照大?地,天空湛蓝,万里无云。科学家们再?次施放气球?:风速已经降?到每秒15?米,大约7级左?右。11点08?分,大本营的步?话机中终于?传来了峰顶?的声音:“我是嘉布,我是嘉布,我们已经登?顶,我们已经登?顶……”
上午11点?50分,红色的金属?觇标终于在?地球之巅竖?立起来了,6个交会测?量点几乎同?时发现目标?。步话机里传?来声音:“东绒发现觇?标,西绒发现觇?标,中绒发现觇? 标……”
。 (选自200?5年5月2?3日《人民日报》,记者赵亚辉 ?)
12、珠峰登山测?量队冲顶队?员冲顶出发?的时间是 ,冲顶成功的?时间是 ,本文作者现?场采访的地?点是 。(3分)
13、根据全文内?容,本文题目中?的“坚”、“难”主要指的是? 。( 3分)
14、从1717?年第一次将?“珠穆朗玛”的名字标注?在地图上开?始,人们就没有?停止过对它?的憧憬和向?往。“我来过了,我见到了,我超越了。”近百年时间?里,激情做伴,1500多?名健儿成功?登顶,近200位?勇士风雪魂?归。一条登山路?,刻满了人类?走近自然、探索自然、了解自然的?重重险阻和?无限情怀。请在上文最?后的横线上?用简洁的语?言为文章添?加一个结尾?,描写大本营?的人们听到?登顶成功消?息时的喜庆? 场面。(3分)得分 评卷人
阅读下面的?小小说,完成15,18题。(10分)
儿子的鱼
[加拿大]P•珀金斯
我环顾周围?的钓鱼者,一对父子引?起我的注意?。他们在自己?的水域一声?不响地钓鱼?。父亲抓住、接着又放走?了两条足以?让我欢呼雀?跃的大鱼。儿子大概,?,岁左右,穿着高统橡?胶防水靴站?在寒冷的河 ?水里。
两次有鱼咬?钩,但又都挣扎?着逃脱了。突然,男孩的鱼竿?猛地一沉,差一点儿把?他整个人拖?倒,卷线轴飞快?地转动,一瞬间鱼线?被拉出很远 ?。
看到那鱼跳?出水面时,我吃惊地合?不拢嘴。“他钓到了一?只王鲑,个头不小。”伙伴保罗悄?声对我说,“相当罕见的?品种。 ”
男孩冷静地?和鱼进行着?拉锯战,但是强大的?水流加上大?鱼有力的挣?扎,孩子渐渐被?拉到布满旋?涡的下游深?水区的边缘?。我知道一旦?鲑鱼到达深?水区就可以?轻而易举地?逃脱了。孩子的父亲?虽然早把自?己的钓竿插?在一旁,但一言不发?,只是站在原?地关注着儿?子的一举一 ?动。
一次、两次、三次,男孩试着收?线,但每次鱼线?都在最后关?头,猛地向下游?窜去,鲑鱼显然在?尽全力向深?水区靠拢。,,分钟过?去了,孩子开始支?持不住了,即使站在远?处,我也可以看?到他发抖的?双臂正使出?最后的力气?奋力抓紧鱼?竿。冰冷的河水?马上就要漫?过高统防水?靴的边缘。王鲑离深水?区越来越近?了,鱼竿不停地?左右扭动。突然孩子不?见了~
一秒钟后,男孩从河里?冒出头来,冻得发紫的?双手仍然紧?紧抓住鱼竿?不放。他用力甩掉?脸上的水,一声不吭又?开始收线。保罗抓起鱼?网向那孩子?走去。
“不要~”男孩的父亲?对保罗说,“不要帮他,如果他需要?我们的帮助?,他会要求的 ?。”
保罗点点头?,站在河岸上?,手里拿着鱼? 网。
不远的河对?岸是一片茂?密的灌木丛?,树丛的一半?被没在水中?。这时候鲑鱼?突然改变方?向,径直窜入那?片灌木丛里?。我们都预备?着听到鱼线?崩断时刺耳?的响声。然而,说时迟那时?快,男孩往前一?扑,紧跟着鲑鱼?钻进了稠密?的灌木丛。
我们三个大?人都呆住了?,男孩的父亲?高声叫着儿?子的名字,但他的声音?被淹没在河?水的怒吼声?中。保罗涉水到?达对岸,示意我们鲑?鱼被逮住了?。他把枯树枝?拨向一边,男孩紧抱着?来之不易的?鲑鱼从树丛?里倒着退出?来,努力保持着?平衡。
他瘦小的身?体由于寒冷?和兴奋而战?栗不已,双臂和前胸?之间紧紧地?夹着一只大?约,,公斤?重的王鲑。他走几步停?一下,掌握平衡后?再往回走几?步。就这样走走?停停,孩子终于缓?慢但安全地? 回到岸边。男孩的父亲?递给儿子一?截绳子,等他把鱼绑?结实后,弯腰把儿子?抱上岸。男孩躺在泥?土上大口喘?着粗气,但目光一刻?也没有离开?自己的战利?品。保罗随身带?着便携秤,出于好奇,他问孩子的?父亲是否可?以让他称称?鲑鱼到底有?多重。男孩的父亲?毫不犹豫地?说:“请问我的儿?子吧,这是他的鱼 ?~”
(选自200?4年第4期?《中学生阅读? 》)
15、梳理故事情?节,在下面的横?线上填上恰?当的文字。( 3分)
?人鱼拉锯战?? ?鲑鱼窜入灌 ?
木丛,男孩 。
16、品读原文,写出下列句?子的言外之?意。(2分)
(1)男孩的鱼竿?猛地一沉,差一点儿把?他整个人拖?倒,卷线轴飞快?地转动,一瞬间鱼线?被拉出很远 ?。
(2)孩子的父亲?虽然早把自?己的钓竿插?在一旁,但一言不发?,只是站在原?地关注着儿?子的一举一 ?动。
17、“请问我的儿?子吧,这是他的鱼?~”这句话表现?了父亲怎样?的心理和个?性特征,( 2分)
18、小说中的人?物有 个,其中你最佩?服的人物是?谁,请写出你佩?服他的原因? 。(3分);
得分 评卷人
阅读下面两?段文言文,完成19,22题。(10分 )
【甲】黔无驴,有好事者船?载以入。至则无可用?,放之山下。虎见之,庞然大物也?,以为神。蔽林间窥之?,稍出近之,憖憖然,莫相知。
他日,驴一鸣,虎大骇,远遁,以为且噬己?也,甚恐。然往来视之?,觉无异能者?。益习其声,又近出前后?,终不敢搏。稍近益狎,荡倚冲冒,驴不胜怒,蹄之。虎因喜,计之曰:“技止此耳~”因跳踉大阚?(加口字旁),断其喉,尽其肉,乃去。
【乙】杨子之邻人?亡羊,既率其党,又请杨子之?竖(竖:童仆)追之。杨子曰:“嘻!亡一羊,何追者之众??”邻
人曰:“多歧路。”既反,问:“获羊乎?”曰:“亡之矣。”曰:“奚亡之?”曰:“歧路之中又?有歧焉,吾不知所之?,
所以反也。” (《列子•说符》)
19(根据上下文?内容,在下面句子?的括号内补?出省略的成?分。( 2分)
(1)然( )往来视之,觉( )无异能者。
(2)既反,( )问:“获羊乎?”( )曰:“亡之矣。”
20、写出下列句?中加点词的?意思。(2分)
(1)断其喉,尽其肉,乃去。( )
(2)亡一羊,何追者之众?? ( )
21、把下面的句?子翻译成现?代汉语。(4分)
(1)黔无驴,有好事者船?载以入。
译文:
(2)歧路之中又?有歧焉,吾不知所之?,所以反也。
译文:
22(从这两则寓?言故事中,你得到的人?生启示分别?是什么? ( 2分)【甲】段:
【乙】段:
得分 评卷人
三、作文(40分)
23、不知不觉,我们已经成?长为一个会?思想、有个性的初?中学生。过去十多年?的人生经历?和生活体验?为我
们留下?了无尽的智?慧宝藏和精?神财富,这是生命长?河中永不枯?竭的力量源 ?泉。
请以“抹不掉的记?忆”为题目写一?篇文章,不少于60?0字。文中不要出?现真实的地?名、校名和人名 ?。
范文二:2017高考英语闵行二模试卷
闵行区2016学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
英语试卷
考生注意:
1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共12页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非
选择题)在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At 12:30.
2. A. In a hospital.
C. In a garage. B. At 13:00.
C. At 13:30. D. At 14:00. B. In a police station. D. In a post-office. B. Clean the backyard. D. Enjoy the tea. 3. A. Wash clothes. C. Sit in the backyard.
4. A. He doesn’t want to watch TV tonight.
C. He’d rather see the movie.
5. A. How to check computer files.
C. How to apply for a computer course.
6.
7.
B. He prefers to watch the baseball game. D. He hasn’t decided what to watch tonight. B. How to write computer programs. D. How to assemble a computer. A. She thinks it wrong to choose either of the books. B. She finds it difficult to choose one from the two books. C. She thinks either of the books will be Ok. D. She doesn’t like either of the two books. A. The application has been delayed for a week. B. The job has been offered to someone else. C. The man is not suitable for the position. D. The man lacks the relevant experience.
B. Diligent. C. Aggressive. D. Considerate. 8. A. Ambitious.
9. A. She is strict with discipline.
C. She can’t give good lessons. B. She has missed some lessons. D. She fails to behave herself.
10. A. Working conditions should be improved for the employees.
B. The employees should be satisfied with the present working conditions. C. He doesn’t think the employees should have the protest. D. He is doubtful about the effect of the employees’ action.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
11. A. A jewelry shop.
C. A parked truck.
B. Shops in the City Mall. D. A driver in the parking lot. B. Run back to the truck without helmets. D. Leave the truck without helmets. 12. A. Leave the truck together. C. Run back to the truck separately.
13. A. The truck was originally painted white.
B. The truck had no registration plate.
C. The truck disappeared from the parking lot.
D. The truck was covered with silver material.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. In order to protect the weak and old ones.
B. In order to show beautiful shape of them. C. In order to maintain physical strength. D. In order to keep teamwork spirit.
15. A. How the birds decide the order of the group.
B. How the birds decide the route of the group. C. How the birds decide the time of flying of the group. D. How the birds decide who takes charge of the group.
B. Birds’ flying pattern as a team. D. Birds’ skills to tell directions. 16. A. Birds’ ability to keep order. C. Birds’ intention to migrate.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Beautiful scenery in the countryside.
C. Dangers of winter sports.
18.
B. Cross-country skiing. D. Pain and pleasure in sports. A. He can’t find good examples to illustrate his point. B. He can’t find a peaceful place to do the assignment. C. He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing. D. He doesn’t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.
B. Much time is spent on collecting data. D. The writer’s point of view often changes. 19. A. New ideas come up as you write. C. It’s hard to find a proper topic.
20.
A. How to revise a paper in an academic manner. B. How to polish your arguments in a paper. C. How to tell the main ideas in a paper effectively. D. How to decide on relevant content for a paper.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
One steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office. My trusty printer was busy producing an important report (21) ______ it simply stopped. After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer. Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.
(22) ______ having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation. I was lost for adequate words (23) ______ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24) ______ (collect) over a lifetime. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.
Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrived immediately, (26) ______ the chemical smoke had already caused deaths. I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuries or burns.
Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact (27) ______ the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul. The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.
After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment. One evening, about a month after moving in, I (28) ______ (occupy) in writing a mystery novel, and at that time a ―meow‖ sounded from outside the apartment door. Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my
departed furry roommates. The meow grew louder and more repetitive. Curious, I opened the door.
Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes. A neighbor (29) ______ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him. When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food. This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home. My immediate reaction was: ―that’s all I need!‖ without hesitation she put the cute kitten down. I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay (30) ______ a real home could be found.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as a(n) result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language —all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as we new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a to take risks. And we are supposed to be ready to face the ―fail‖ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re and shy? Then our of shyness can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? If so, then we are likely to take a more role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. We will to grow, if we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, and if we protect ourselves too much. We become inside a shell of our own making.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know, even not to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we ’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression , as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture —apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public places, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance. Why Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 41. A. immediately
42. A. simple
43. A. individual B. intentionally B. ridiculous B. company C. occasionally C. abnormal C. family D. accidentally D. different D. society
44. A. conflicts
45. A. urgent
46. A. interestedly
47. A. faithful
48. A. sincere
49. A. bother
50. A. promotion
51. A. personality
52. A. attempt
53. A. politically
54. A. avoidance
55. A. fulfillment B. matters B. risky B. patiently B. reliable B. acceptable B. reduce B. criticism B. will B. involve B. professionally B. admission B. statement C. appeals C. boring C. frequently C. confusing C. private C. regret C. appreciation C. reason C. commit C. academically C. involvement C. occupation D. deceives D. simple D. hopefully D. public D. positive D. ignore D. identification D. desire D. avoid D. physically D. elimination D. strategy
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A) If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.
At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn’t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.
Today’s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages —are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the ―to‖ and ―from.‖ Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.
The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they’re suitable for smart phone typing.
Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel you read them, then they’re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to
feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.
So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That’s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.
56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?
A. Check bank accounts. B. Send long messages.
C. Fill in some forms. D. Communicate with their colleagues.
57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?
A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail
B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation
C. The rapid development of e-communication channels
D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages
58. What does the underlined word ―ephemeral ‖ in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Automatically-sending B. Randomly-written
C. Hardly- recognized D. Shortly-appearing
59.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true ? A. It’s too early to determine the decline of e-mail. B. E-mail has reasons to exist with its own advantages. C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end. D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.
(B)
60.
61.
The Fox News review mentioned the first party scene in the film to ________. A. reveal the fact that Nick wants to know more about Gatsby B. show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film well C. prove that the director is good at combining visual and music D. convince us that the first scene is perfectly filmed by the director According to Time Magazine, what did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success? A. He adapted the story in the novel as he wished. B. He made the film more powerful than the book. C. He mixed his style with the elegance of the book. D. He changed the story to meet his own style.
62. Which of the following can be used to describe Gatsby?
A. Faithful and warm-hearted. B. Charming and professional.
C. Selfish and timid. D. Mysterious and devoted.
(C)
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its
prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial (家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).
It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school ’s culture of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).
63. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon. B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible. C. We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school. D. We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.
64. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because
________. A. the medical profession is based on trust. B. there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine. C. the medical profession depends on the government. D. cheating exists extensively in medical schools.
65. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?
A. Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students. B. Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed. C. Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior. D. We should focus on the cause-and-effect of the cheating in exams in medical schools.
66. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?
A. It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams. B. Medical schools haven’t been doing well to help students develop morally. C. Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle. D. Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students. Section C
Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine . Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you
in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.
Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious . Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change. IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the ―higher up‖ his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, ―The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear‖ is better than ―This stereo does not work‖. The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。(fun)
73. 我刚交卷就意识到少回答了一个问题。 (Hardly…)
74. 这本词典需要做彻底修改,什么时候再版还不得而知。 (revise)
75. 这种收音机已经很落伍了,不增加新功能的话很难有销路。(unless)
76. 公共场所全面禁烟有助于人们养成健康的生活习惯,并能有效预防某些疾病的发生。 (prevent)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你们学校拟给高三学生放三天假,各班可以自由安排。现有两个方案可以供同学们选择:1、野外拓展训练 (outward bound training); 2、在家自习功课。假设你班班长正在征集意见,请你给班长发邮件,说明通过对两个方案的比较,你会选择哪一个,并简要说明你做出这个选择的理由。
范文三:2010闵行高三高考二模理科数学
闵行区2009学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
数 学 试 卷(理科)
考生注意:
1(答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、班级、考号、姓名等填写清楚( 2(本试卷共有23道题,满分150分,考试时间120分钟(
一. 填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,考生应在答题纸上相应编号的空格内 直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分(
2,i1(若(为虚数单位,),则 . ab、,Rab,,i,,abii
PA()0.34,PB()0.32,PAB()0.31,AB2(、是两个随机事件,,,,则
PAB(), .
开始 111
3(方程的解为 . ,1900输入2010 xx,193
26x4(展开式中的系数为 . (21)x,n?1,S?0 5(某区有200名学生参加数学竞赛,随机抽取10名学生成绩如下:
2 S?S+n40 50 60 70 90 成 绩 80
1 3 2 1 2 人 数 1 n?n+2 则总体标准差的点估计值是 (精确到). 0.01
否 R6(已知球O的半径为,一平面截球所得的截面面积为4,,球心 n>2010
到该截面的距离为,则球的体积等于 . O5k 是 7(根据右面的程序框图,写出它所执行的内容: . 输出S x8(已知函数的零点, fxx()200.618,,,xkkk,,,,1,Z,,0
则k, . 结束 9(设等差数列的前项之和满足, ,,S,S,40aSnnn105
那么 . a,8
x,t,10(已知直线的参数方程是(是参数),以原点O为极点,轴正半轴ltx,y,2,t,
,CC为极轴建立极坐标系,圆的极坐标方程为,则圆的圆心,,22cos(),,4
l到直线的距离是 .
11,,,11(定义:关于的两个不等式和的解集分别为和,,,,,,,fx,0gx,0a,bx,,ba,,
2则称这两个不等式为对偶不等式.如果不等式与不等式x,43xcos2,,2,0
,,,22x,4xsin2,,1,0,,为对偶不等式,且,则 . ,,,,,,2,,
,1fxxk(),,fx()12(已知是方程(是实常数)的一个根,是的反函数,5kfx()
,1则方程必有一根是 . fxxk(),,
xb,13(函数在,,,2,上是增函数的一个充分非必要条件是 . fx,,,,,xa,
(2)n,14(对于自然数的正整数次幂,可以如下分解为个自然数的和的形式:nn
1,,
,,31725,,,,,137,,,,,,,,2323423455,5, 2,2,2,,33,39,327,,,,,,,,,359,,,,,,,,751129,,,,,
9,,,,
3*k仿此,的分解中的最大数为 . (,2)kk,,N
二. 选择题(本大题满分16分)本大题共有4题,每题只有一个正确答案,选对得4分,答案代号必须填在答题纸上(注意试题题号与答题纸上相应编号一一对应,不能错位. 15(如图,已知正六边形ABCDEF,下列向量的数量积中最大的是 [答]( )
E D (A) . ABAC,
ABAD,(B) . F C
ABAE, (C) .
A B ABAF, (D) .
A16(已知?ABC中,,BC,2,则角的取值范围是 [答]( ) AC,22
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,0,(A). (B) . (C) . (D) . ,,,,,,,,646342,,,,,,,,
17(数列中,已知,,,若对任意正整数,有,,aa,1a,,2a,,1nn123
,且,则该数列的前2010 aaaa,a,a,a,aaaa,1nn,1n,2n,3nn,1n,2n,3n,1n,2n,3
项和 [答]( ) S,2010
2010,2011,2010,2008 (A) . (B) . (C) . (D) .
22xy18(设点是曲线上的点,又点,下列结 ,,1,,Px,yF(0,,12),F(0,12)1225169
论正确的是 [答]( )
PF,PF,26PF,PF,26(A) . (B) . 1212
(C) . (D) . PF,PF,26PF,PF,261212
三. 解答题(本大题满分78分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸上与题号
对应的区域内写出必要的步骤(
19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分6分(
,,,,,,,fxxx()2sin2cosx,,,,已知函数, . ,,,,,26,,,,
4sinx,f(x)(1)若,求函数的值; 5
f(x)(2)求函数的值域.
20.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,每小题满分各7分(
:PA如图,在四棱锥中,底面为直角梯形,,P,ABCDADBCBAD//,90,,
垂直于底面,,分别为的中点. ABCDPAADABBC,,,,22MN、PCPB、
PB,AM(1)求证:; P
BD(2)求与平面ADMN所成的角.
M N 线??????????
?
A D
B C
21.(本题满分16分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分10分(
某火山喷发停止后,为测量的需要,设距离喷口中心150米内的圆环面为第区、
50(1)n,250米至100米的圆环面为第区、??、第米至50n米的圆环面为第区,n
121?,现测得第区火山灰平均每平方米为1000千克、第区每平方米的平均重量较第
22%32%区减少、第区较第区又减少,以此类推,求:
(1)离火山口1225米处的圆环面平均每平方米火山灰重量(结果精确到1千克), ???????????????
?(2)第几区内的火山灰总重量最大,
???????????????封
?
学校_______________________ 班级__________ 学号_________ 姓名______________
??????????密
22.(本题满分16分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分、第3小题
满分6分(
2,常数,定义运算“”:,定义运算设a,0,xx、,Rxxxx,,,()121212
2Axy(,)Bxy(,)“”: ;对于两点、,定义. ,dAByy(),,xxxx,,,()1122121212
(1)若,求动点的轨迹; x,0CPxxaxa,()(),,,,,
1lyx:1,,Axy(,)Bxy(,)(2)已知直线与(1)中轨迹交于、两点,若C112212
,试求的值; ()()815xxyy,,,,a1212
(3)在(2)中条件下,若直线不过原点且与轴交于点S,与轴交于点T,并且与(1)ylx2
|()||()|dSTdST中轨迹交于不同两点P、Q , 试求的取值范围( C,|()||()|dSPdSQ
23.(本题满分18分)(理)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第
3小题满分8分(
3xfxMxyNxy,log,(,),(,)已知函数是图像上的两点,横坐标,,fx,,311221,x
1P为的点满足(O为坐标原点). 2OPOMON,,2
(1)求证:为定值; yy,12
121n,,,,,,,*Sfff,,,,(2)若, (2)nn,,N,n,,,,,,nnn,,,,,,
SSnn49,lim求的值; SS,,11nn,,n49,
1,n,,,1,6,*(3)在(2)的条件下,若,为数列a,T()n,N,nn1,n,,,2SS411,,,,,,,,1nn,
*n,NaTmS,,1的前项和,若对一切都成立,试求实数的取值范围. nm,,,,nnn,1
闵行区2009学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
数学试卷参考答案与评分标准 一、填空题:(每题4分) 1.-1; 2.0.35; 3.2; 4. 60; 5.17.64;
2221352009,,,,6.; 7.; 8.3; 9.8; 10.理;文(0,2) 36,225,; 12. 理;文(-2,4); 13.理符合且的一个特例11.k,5ab,,0a,,26
2kk,,1均可;文符合的一个特例均可; 14.理;文29. a,,4
二、选择题:(每题4分)15. A; 16. D; 17. ; 18. BC
43,,,三、解答题:19.(本题满分14分)理:(1)(2分) sin,,,cosxxx,,?,,,,,525,,
,,3143,,f(x),2sinx,cosx,2cosx(4分) (8分) ,,,,3sincos3xx,,2255,,
,,5,,,,,?,x,,f(x),2sinx,?,x,,(2),,(10分),(12分) 26366,,
1,,,,sinx,,1[1,2]f(x),,, 函数的值域为. (14分) ?26,,
(2)(2)(2),,,,,izababizabi,,文:设(,)ab,R(2分)因为为纯虚数 (5分) ,2a,b,04,,a,,48,a,2b,05,所以(9分)解得(12分) 故复数 (14分) z,,i,,22855,ab(,2),,4b,,,5,
A20.(本题满分14分)理:解法一:(1)以点为坐标原点建立空间直角坐标系Axyz,PA,AD,AB,2BC,2(图略),由得
1A(0,0,0)P(0,0,2)B(2,0,0)D(0,2,0),,, (2分) M(1,,1)2
1PB,AM因为 (5分) 所以. (7分) PBAM,,,,,(2,0,2)(1,,1)02
PBAD,PB,AM(2)因为 ,0,又, 所以PBAD,,,,(2,0,2)(0,2,0),
PB,ADMNADMN故平面,即是平面的法向量.(9分) PB,,(2,0,2)
PBBDBD设与平面ADMN所成的角为,又,设与夹角为, ,BD,,(2,2,0),
BDPB,4,1,,sincos,,,,则, (12分) 288,BDPB,
,,,BDADMN又,故,故与平面所成的角是. (14分) ,[0,],,,662
PBPA,ABNAN,PB解法二:(1)证明:因为是的中点,, 所以(2分) :PA,PAAD,BAAD,AD,由底面ABCD,得,又,即,平,,BAD90?PAB?,ADPB?,PB?,PBAMADMN面, (4分) 面, (7分)
(2)联结,平面,故为与面所成角(9分) BP,BDDNADMN,BDNADMN
22在中,, RtABD,BDBAAD,,,22
122在中,,故, RtPAB,PBPAAB,,,22BNPB,,22
BN1中, sin,BDN,,,又, (12分) 在RtBDN,0,,BDN,,BD2
,故BD与平面所成的角是 (14分) ADMN6
文(同理19题)
21.(本题满分16分)(1)设第n区每平方米的重量为千克,则 an
nn,,11 (2分) 第1225米位于第25区, (4分) a,,,,1000(12%)10000.98n
24(千克)故第1225米处每平方米火山灰约重616千克(6分) ?,,,a10000.9861625
2222(2)设第n区内的面积为平方米,则bnnn,,,,,,,,5050(1)2500(21)bnn
51n,则第n区内火山灰的总重量为(千克)(9分) Cabn,,,,,2510(21)0.98,nnn
设第n区火山灰总重量最大,
5152nn,,,2510(21)0.982510(23)0.98,,,,,,,,,nn,则, (13分) ,515nn,2510(21)0.982510(21)0.98,,,,,,,nn,,,,
解得,即得第50区火山灰的总重量最大. (16分) 49.550.5,,n
222.(本题满分16分)(理)(1)设yxaxa,,,,()(),则 yxaxa,,,,()()
22yxaxa,,,,()() (2分) 又由?0可得 ,,,,,()()4xaxaax
2()()xaxa,,,P(,)的轨迹方程为,轨迹C为顶点在原点,焦yaxy,,4(0)x
(,0)a点为的抛物线在轴上及第一象限的内的部分 (4分) x
2,yax,42,(2) 由已知可得 , 整理得, xax,,,,(416)40,1yx,,1,,2
112由 ,得(?a,0,? (6分) ,,,,,(416)160aaa,,或0a,22
xx,222212()()()()()()xxyyxxyyxx,,,,,,,,,,? 121212121225522,,,,,,,()4(416)16815xxxxa , (8分) 121222
3解得a,2或(舍) ;?,a2 (10分) a,,2
|()||()|||||dSTdSTSTSTdAByyyy()||,,,,,,, (3)??(12分)1212|()||()|||||dSPdSQSPSQ
Tc(,0)m,0c,0设直线,依题意,,则,分别过P、Q作PP?y轴,lxmyc:,,12
|ST||ST|||||||||OTOTcc,,,,,QQ?y轴,垂足分别为P、Q,则( 111||||||||PPQQxx|SP||SQ|11PQ
2y ,yx,8222由消去y得 xcmxc,,,,(28)0,xmyc,,,Q1 Q ||||11STST1?,,,||()c? 2||c||||||||SPSQxxxxPQPQP1 P S 1,,2||2c( (14分) 2cO x T ?、取不相等的正数,?取等的条件不成立 xxQP
|()||()|dSTdST ?,的取值范围是(2,+)( (16分) ,|()||()|dSPdSQ
(文)解:(1)设AB所在直线的方程为 yxm,,
22,xy,,342246340xmxm,,,,由得( (2分) ,yxm,,,
43432,,,,,12640m,,m,因为在椭圆上,所以( AB、33
设两点坐标分别为,中点为 AB、()()xyxy,、,P(x,y)001122
4143my,x,x,,xm,,x则, , xx,,,00000123332
13所以中点轨迹方程为 (4分) yxxx,,,,,,,(33,且)32
(00),ABl//ABAB(2),且边通过点,故所在直线的方程为( yx,
ABxx,,,222此时m,0,由(1)可得x,,1,所以 (6分) 12
AB又因为边上的高等于原点到直线的距离,所以 (8分) hlh,2
1( (10分) SABh,,,2?ABC2
234m,3mxx,(3)由(1)得,, xx,,,121242
2326,mABxx,,,2所以( (12分) 122
2,mBC,(0),m又因为BC的长等于点到直线l的距离,即( (14分) 2
22222ACABBCmmm,,,,,,,,,,210(1)11( 所以
m,,1AC,,,,,12640所以当时,边最长,(这时)
yx,,1AB此时所在直线的方程为( (16分)
23.(本题满分18分)
1PMN(理)(1)证明:由已知可得,,所以是的中点,有 OPOMON,,()2
3xx33xx1212,(4分) ,,log1xx,,1?,,,yyloglog31212331(),,,xxxx11,,xx121212
(2)由(1)知当时, yyfxfx,,,,()()1.xx,,1121212
121n,n,121 ? ? Sfff,,,()()()Sfff,,,,()()()nnnnnnnn
SSnn,,11n,1nn49231,,?+?得 (6分) (10分) limlim,,,S,nSSnn,,11nnnn,,,,49233,,2
111(3)当时, n,2a,,,.nnn,,12nn,,12,,422
111时,所以 (12分) 又当n,1a,,a,,1n6nn,,12
111111nT,,,,,,,,()()()故 (14分) n2334122(2)nnn,,,
Tn*nn,N,,对一切都成立,即m恒成立(16分) TmS,,(1)nn,121(2)Sn,,n,1n111又,所以的取值范围是 (18分) ,,m(,),,24(2)8n,8n,,4n
aannn,1(文)(1),, (2分) aa,,22,,1,1nnnn,122
b, 故为等差数列,,. (4分) bb,,1b,1bn,,,nnn,11n
n,1012n,1(2)由(1)可得(6分) an,2S,1,2,2,2,3,2?,n,2nn
123n,1n 2S,1,2,2,2,3,2?,(n,1),2,n,2n
012n,1nnn两式相减,得,S,2,2,2?,2,n,2,2,1,n,2,即 nnS(1)211n,,nn (8分) (10分) S,(n,1)2,1?,,limlimn,,11nn,,,,nnnn,,222
T12n(3)由(1)可得,(12分) ?, Tn,d,,nn2n441aT,,nn
1 dddddddddd,,,,,,,,,,,,,()()012311231nnnn,,n,1,41
1?单调递增,即, (14分) {}dddd,,,,ddddd,,,,,,123n1231n3
要使对任意正整数成立, ddddmt,,,,,,log(2)n1238n
1m,[1 2],022,,,mt必须且只需,即对任意恒成立. (16分) ,,log(2)mt83
20,,t,[2 4](0 2],,,tt,,?,即 矛盾. ,,,,,22t,42,,t,
?满足条件的实数不存在. (18分) t
范文四:2014年上海初三闵行语文二模
闵行区 2013年第二学期初三年级质量检测
语文试卷
(满分 150分,考试时间 100分钟)
一、文言文(39分)
(一)默写(15分)
1、水光潋滟晴方好, 。 (《饮湖上初晴后雨》 )
2、 ,无言谁会凭栏意。 (《蝶恋花》 )
3、 ,闻郎江上唱歌声。 (《竹枝词》 )
4、 ,起坐而喧哗者,众宾欢也。 (《醉翁亭记》 )
5、香远益清, ······(《爱莲说》 )
(二)阅读下首诗,完成第 6-7题(4分)
黄鹤楼
昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼。
黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树,芳草青青鹦鹉洲。
日暮乡关何处是,烟波江上使人愁。
6、诗歌中的“乡关”的意思是 (1分)
7、对诗歌内容理解不正确的一项是() (3分)
A 、首联以仙人驾鹤而去的传说入笔,营造了神秘、优美而空灵的意境。
B 、诗歌从“近景、远景、日景、晚景”多个角度描绘了黄鹤楼的景色。
C 、颈联“萋萋”句实写眼前之景物,描绘了一个凄切、伤感的画面。
D 、诗歌描写了登临黄鹤楼远眺的所见所思,抒发了漂泊的伤感与乡愁。 (三)阅读下文,完成第 8-10题(8分)
吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者。将尉醉,广故数言欲亡,忿恚尉,令辱之,以 激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺,广起,夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之,并杀两尉。召令徒 属曰:“公等遇雨,皆已失期,失期当斩。借第令毋斩,而戍死者固十六七。且 壮士不死即已,死即举大名耳,王侯将相宁有种乎!”徒属皆曰:“敬受命。”乃诈 称公子扶苏、项燕,从民欲也。袒右,称大楚。为坛而盟,祭以尉首。陈胜自立
为将军,吴广为都尉。
8、本文的作者是 ,节选自《 》这是我国第一部纪传体通史。 (2分)
9、用现代汉语解释下面句子。 (3分)
借第令毋斩,而戍死者固十六七。
10、下列对选文理解有误的一项是() (3分)
A 、陈胜以“公”、“壮士”等来称呼“徒属”,使自己的话语更有感染力。
B 、“遇雨”、“失期”、“失期当斩”是陈胜、吴广发动起义的根本原因。
C 、为激励众人勇敢起义,陈胜喊出了“王侯将相宁有种乎”的号召。
D 、陈胜、吴广“并杀两尉”是为了激化矛盾,激发徒属起义决心。
(四)阅读下文,完成第 11-14题。 (12分)
景公使圉人①养所爱马,暴死,公怒,曰:“以属狱。”晏子曰:“此不知其罪 而死,臣为君数之,使知其罪,然后致之狱。”公曰:“可。”晏子数之曰:“尔罪 有三:公使汝养马而杀之,当死罪一也;又杀公之所最善马,当死罪二也;使公 以一马之故而杀人,百姓闻之,必怨吾君;诸侯闻之,必轻吾国。汝杀公马,使 怨积于百姓,兵弱于邻国,汝当死罪三也。今以属狱。”公喟然叹曰:“夫子释之! 夫子释之!勿伤吾仁也。”
【注释】 :①圉人:养马的人。
11、解释文中的加点词。 (4分)
(1)使 . 怨积于百姓 (2)兵 . 弱于邻国
12、对文中划线句意思理解正确的一项是() (3分)
A 、这是不知道自己的罪行,让我替您数落他。
B 、这是不知道自己的罪行,我替您细数他的罪行。
C 、这人不知道他的罪行,让我替您数落他。
D 、这人不知道他的罪行,我替您细数他的罪行。
13、 景公最终释放圉人的原因是 (用原文语句回答) (3分) 14、晏子是 、 的人。 (用自己的话回答。 ) (2分)
二、现代文(40分)
(一)阅读下文,完成第 15-19题。 (18分)
至刚至柔而又轻盈的竹子
①中国被称为“竹子文明的国度,”且因为竹林面积广大、种类繁多而有着“世 界竹子看中国”之说。 中国人和这种植物已相互依偎生活了数千年对于我们来说, 竹子实在是太好用了。 有一次我在贵州观察硬叶兜兰的开花过程, 由于那些花朵 都长在近乎垂直的峭壁上, 几无立足之地, 于是便向当地向导要了些家中的金竹, 编成了脚手架, 一个月的工作期间, 我们就在这个竹子的架子上爬来爬去, 看着 美丽的兜兰花开了又谢了。临到花期末尾,工作结束时,向导把脚手架拆散,那 些竹竿又变成了家中的晾衣杆和羊圈顶棚。
②在中国, 用竹子作为建筑用材的历史可以追溯到 7000年前, 到了秦汉时期, 竹子便已成为重要的建筑材料。直到今天,竹子依然是傣族、佤族、景颇族等少 数民族民居的“担纲者”。在清代沈曰霖的《粤西琐记》中有这样的记载:“不瓦而 盖,盖以竹;不砖而墙,墙以竹;不板而门,门以竹。”
③根据不同的种类,竹子还各自有看家本领,如斑竹拉力强,水不易侵蚀, 在古代常用来制作拉船的纤绳;楠竹 (毛竹 ) 秆高直坚硬,是建筑上的好材料;墨 竹则是制作笛、箫管乐器的最佳材料。竹子体轻,但质地却异常坚硬。竹材的收 缩量非常小, 而弹性和韧性却很高, 若按单位质量计算, 竹材的抗拉强度甚至比 钢材还高 2.5倍左右。 今天, 被誉为“植物钢筋”的竹子成为很多新锐建筑家的宠儿, 许多全竹结构的新建筑吸引了诸多目光, 在世界各地, 以竹子为主题的新锐建筑 正在大放异彩。
④竹子之所以亦刚亦柔,必须要提到竹子隐秘的身体结构。
⑤前面我们已经提到,竹子拥有的木质素和纤维让它既刚也韧,而竹子的内 部结构之精巧还远不止如此。 同高大松树相比, 竹子的纤维往往分散的在竹秆之 中, 并没有像松树那样形成一个过于集中而坚硬的中心。 如果你再细细观察, 会
看到竹秆的横切面上散布着许多深色的点状物, 这是竹子的维管束, A 可以输送 水分和养分, B 有强化竹秆的作用,它们从外到内逐渐变大,排列也由紧密到相 对疏松。 从力学角度来说, 物体边缘承受的正应力是最大的, 故将优质材料布置 在边缘是最优结构布置, 竹子就做到了这点——表面的竹青的强度是整体竹子中 最高的。
⑥从较大的结构来看,竹子是空心的,根据材料力学的原理,其抗弯能力比 具有同样横截面积的实心结构要大很多, 而诸多竹节中还有着起到支撑作用的坚 硬“横梁”,就像“工字梁”一般。有了这些优点,竹材在身量轻盈的同时,也拥有 了很强的抗扭、 抗剪和抗拉能力。 这些优点十分出众, 以至于飞机的机翼便是仿 造竹子结构来设计的。
⑦竹子既能如百炼钢,也能有绕指柔。历史上,能工巧匠充分利用竹子的柔 性, 用纤细的竹篾编制出各种巧夺天工的生活用具和艺术品。 在皖南的一处竹乡, 一位竹篾巧匠曾告诉我关于竹的七十二变化。一根竹子从整根使用到劈成 4份、 8份,直至几十上百份,可以制作和编织各种强度和柔韧度不同的生活物品。 15、第 ② 段在文中的作用是 (3分)
16、 第 ③ 段除了运用举例子外还运用了列数字和 的说明方法, 其作用 是 (4分)
17、请为第 ⑤ 段中 A 、 B 两空填上适合的关联词。 (2分)
18、 标题为“至刚至柔而又轻盈的竹子”, 请分别归纳竹子刚、 柔、 轻盈的原因。 (1) (2) (3) (6分) 19、下列句子中,引号的作用为特定称谓的是() (3分)
A 、“不瓦而盖,盖以竹;不砖而墙,墙以竹;不板而门,门以竹。”
B 、因为竹林面积广大、种类繁多而有着“世界竹子看中国”之说。
C 、今天,被誉为“植物钢筋”的竹子成为很多新锐建筑家的宠儿。
D 、 直到今天, 竹子依然是傣族、 佤族、 景颇族等少数民族民居的“担纲者”。
(二) 、阅读下文,完成第 20-24题。 (22分)
那些美丽,无关金钱
①这是一个典型的 4— 2— 1家庭。两对退休的老人,一对中年夫妇,一个他 们共同的宝贝疙瘩——初中二年级女生蕊蕊。 从去年起, 他们在一年的三个黄金 周里, 总要抽出一天来聚会, 并且规定出很独特的主题。 比如去年的三次聚会的 主题分别是 :无车日、无电视日、无电话日。
②无车日那天,七个人一起步行去美术馆看展览,来回大约八公里,虽然四 位老人里有三位笑责蕊蕊步伐太快,突进到前面扭头笑蹦又倒回来搀扶未免添 乱,大家到头来非常开心。无电视日那天坚持不看电视,电脑也不打开,广播也 不听,蕊蕊连 MP3也搁进抽屉,于是有的看书,有的下棋,有的剪纸,有的琢 磨食谱,蕊蕊则写成一首诗,晚餐后得意地朗诵给大家听。无电话日那天,最憋 闷的是蕊蕊,一直到中午以前,她还不时撅着嘴问 :不煲电话粥,发短信也不行 吗?第二天,虽然有人来问“昨天你们家电话怎么打不通,手机总关机?”但也真 并没耽误了什么事,而蕊蕊第二天读自己头天长长的日记,读到末尾一句“原来 人除了跟别人交流,还应该腾出时间来跟自己交流啊”,不禁捧腮良久。
③最近这个黄金周的第六天,他们是在蕊蕊姥爷姥姥家聚的,这天被确定为 无金日。黄金周,黄金周,人们叫惯了,不以为怪,习以为常。其实,黄金周以 外, 又有哪天人们避免得了金钱方面的话题呢?聚会前的日子里, 蕊蕊的爷爷跟 姥爷电话里有所争论, 一个说“炒股是合法投机”, 一个说“好多小股民是退休或下 岗的职工, 他们付出的身心代价巨大, 也是在为国家的经济发展添砖加瓦, 本质 当然还属于劳动者辛勤付出”;奶奶、姥姥对两位老头的争论不感兴趣,她们议 论的是报纸上刊登的抓捕绑架者的消息, 搞绑架的, 图的还不就是钱?爸爸妈妈
小声计算着什么, 蕊蕊走开不听, 心里却明白, 是在计算自己家的这套房子还欠 贷多少。
④爷爷说,建议大家回想,想出咱们之间,那些美丽的瞬间——跟挣钱、花 钱无关的瞬间;姥姥说,好好好,像生日送礼呀,一起旅游呀,拍婚纱照呀,都 不算,因为里头还是“含金”。妈妈说,我愿意好好想想,可是,我建议,别跟时 下电视节目里那样,动不动发射催泪弹,我平日上班太累了,不想流泪,想笑, 特别想甜蜜地微笑。
⑤蕊蕊爸爸打了头炮。他说,那时候蕊蕊只有三岁,我记得有一天我们三口 子上街,挤公共汽车,我把她和她妈都推上去了,自己却掉在了车外,后来的两 辆我也没挤上去, 最后我终于挤上去了, 也总算摇晃到了咱们要到的那一站, 我 下了车,就看见蕊蕊她妈正牵着她,在车站后头痴痴地等我,蕊蕊发现了我,她 先把一只腿使劲一顿, 然后双脚跳起, 拍起手来, 双眼闪出我没法子形容的光芒, 那真是美丽的一瞬——她在许许多多的人里面挑出了我来, 表达她那失而复得的 一派天真的快乐,哎,就在那一瞬间,我深深地意识到,这两个女人,这一对母 女, 她们跟我, 在这人世间确实建立了一种与众不同的关系, 我必须跟她们很好 地在人生的路上跋涉下去……
⑥蕊蕊妈妈微笑了,可是她坦诚地说她一点也不记得那个瞬间。她说她想到 了那一年那一晚, 她正洗澡, 突然停电, 吓坏了, 满身肥皂泡没冲掉, 极其狼狈, 可是,没等她叫出声来,蕊蕊爸爸就冲进了浴室,手里举着飘火苗的打火机,跟 她说:“有我呢!你别动,我再去点蜡烛!”她说,那举着打火机的人,那张半明半 暗的脸,是刻在她心底里的美丽一瞬。
⑦奶奶说,那次在餐馆吃饭,我也不知道蕊蕊爸妈两口子是为什么,我一瞥
之间, 正巧看见他们俩互相挤鼻子吐舌尖, 是那种小孩子忘我逗趣的表情, 他们 都那么大了, 当个白领挣的不算少, 可每天累得够呛, 各自在公司里那社会人际 关系也应付得心力交瘁,可是在能松弛下来的时候,呈现出那么样的一派童心, 我觉得,那是美丽一瞬!蕊蕊就嚷 :咦,我怎么没瞧见呀?
⑧他们还陆续回忆出了更多的与金钱无关的美丽一瞬……
⑨那个“无金日”,蕊蕊躺进被窝以后还在回味。道是无金却有金啊!她后来 睡得很甜蜜,因为她意识到自己的幸运——能受到这样的熏陶。
20、根据拼音写汉字。 (2分) bá shè
21、第 5段划线句运用 、 描写,作用是 。 (4分) 22、第 9段划线句“道是无金却有金啊”中有两个含义不同的“金”,“无金” 的“金”指的是“金钱”,“有金”的“金”指的是 。 (4分) 23、根据不同的家庭聚会主题给蕊蕊带来的感受和体验,完成下列表格:(8分)
A 、通过对“无金日”活动的叙述,解释了“金钱不能带来美丽”的道理。
B 、现代文明改变了人们的生活方式,但同时也让家人之间产生了隔阂。
C 、无论时代如何进步发展,人们对亲情美的追求是永远不会改变的。
D 、文中三个美丽瞬间都深刻展现了至真至善、至美至诚的亲情美。
三、综合运用能力。 (11分)
阅读以下内容,完成 25-26题。 (11分)
城市、农村学生中国古典四大名著阅读形式比较表
(2分)
(2)某城市中学生要向结对的农村中学生们赠送四大名著,并要在书本扉页上 题词。请你结合从上述表格所读到的信息,拟定一句赠言。 (3分)
26、四大名著中涌现出许多栩栩如生的人物形象,千百年来为读者所津津乐道。 例如孙悟空:取经路上,他“三打白骨精”;火眼金睛、决不手软;“三借芭蕉 扇”:有勇有谋,化险为夷??他爱憎分明,嫉恶如仇,本领高强。他是艺高胆 大的神仙传奇,更是血肉丰满的英雄好汉!
请你也介绍一位四大名著中给你留下深刻印象的人物形象,要求像“颁奖 词”一样简洁流畅,既能概述其主要事迹,又能反映人物的性格。 80字左右。 (6分)
四、写作(60分)
27、题目:我终于懂了
要求:(1)写一篇 600字左右的文章。
(2)不得透露个人相关信息。
(3)不得抄袭。
2014年初三二模闵行区·参考答案
一、文言文 (39分 ) (一)默写 (15分 )
1.(3分)山色空蒙雨亦奇 2.(3分)草色烟光残照里 3.(3分)杨柳青青江水平 4. (3分 ) 觥 筹 交 错 5. (3分 ) 亭 亭 净 植
(二)阅读下首诗,完成第 6-7题(4分) 6.(1分)故乡 7. (3分 )C
(三)阅读下文,完成第 8-10题(8分)
8.(1分)司马迁 (1分)史记
9.(3分)假使侥幸仅能免于斩刑,可是去守卫边疆受折磨而死的人本来也会有十分之 六七。 10.(3分) B
(四)阅读下文,完成第 11-14题(12分)
11. (1)(2分)让,使得 (2)(2分)军队 12.(3分) D
13. (3分 ) 勿 伤 吾 仁 (3分 ) 使 怨 积 于 百 姓 , 兵 弱 于 邻 国 (2分 ) 14. (2分)机智 善辩
二、现代文(40分)
(一)阅读下文,完成第 15-19题 (18分 )
15. (3分)介绍竹子作为建筑用材的历史,引用清代文史材料,突出了竹子作为建筑材 料与中国百姓的生活非常密切。上承第一段中国被称为 “竹子文明的国度”;下启 第三段竹子作为建筑材料用途广泛。
16. (1分)作比较(3分) 运用具体数据并加以比较,生动地说明竹子的弹性、 韧性之高。 17.(1分)不仅 (1分)还(或者“而且”,需要体现递进关系)
18. (2分)轻:竹子是空心的,身量轻盈
(2分) 刚:竹子内部结构精巧, 维管束分布上由外到内逐渐变大, 由紧密到相对疏松 。 (2分)柔:竹子空心,竹节中有支撑作用的“横梁”,竹节抗弯能力大,抗扭、抗剪、抗 拉能力强 19. (3分 )C
(二)阅读下文,完成第 20-24题(22分)
20.(2分)跋涉 21.(2分)动作 肖像 (2分)表现了蕊蕊重新见到爸爸时 的天真、简单的快乐,生动形象地描写了生活中无关全钱的美丽瞬间。
22. (4分 ) 人 与 人 之 间 抛 开 金 钱 、利 益 考 量 ,纯 粹 地 生 活 ,享 受 亲 情 的 美 好 。 23. (8分) (1) 和 家 人 一 起 步 行 去 美 术 馆 看 展 览 , 蹦 着 又 倒 回 来 搀 扶 老 人 (2)有触动与思考 (3)听家人回忆那些美丽瞬间,在被窝中回昧 (4)感觉甜蜜又幸运 24.(4分 ) C(4分 ) D(2分 )
三、综合运用能力(11分)
25. (1)(2分)电视剧成为学生了解名著的重要方式,而阅读原著的学生比例偏低, 这点农村学生表现尤为显著。 (2)(3分)要求:既要突出是赠书,又要突出阅读原 著的重要性和意义。 (例:送给亲爱的小伙伴!祝你沉浸原著,融入经典,提升自我。) 26. (6分)要求:请参照对孙悟空形象的描述和评价。需要概括这个人物 2-3个具体的 事 例 , 并 有 一 段 相 应 的 总 结 评 价 , 语 言 连 贯 通 顺 流 畅 , 即 可 得 6分 。
四、写作(60分) 27.参照 2013年中考作文评分标准
范文五:2015你年闵行二模语文试题
闵行区2014学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试
语文试卷
(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)
考生注意:
1. 本试卷共27题。
一、文言文(39分)
(一)默写(15分)
1. 雨前初见花间蕊,_____________________。 ( 《雨晴》 )
2.挥手自兹去,_________________________。 ( 《送友人》 )
3._____________________,西北望,射天狼。 ( 《江城子·密州出猎》 )
4._____________________,饥渴而顿踣,?? ( 《捕蛇者说》 )
5.俶尔远逝,往来翕忽。_________________。 ( 《小石潭记》 )
(二)阅读下面元曲,完成6-7题(4分)
四块玉·别情
自送别,心难舍,一点相思几时绝?凭阑袖拂杨花雪。溪又斜,山又遮,人去也!
6. 本曲的作者是___________,曲题是___________。(2分)
7. 下列说法不正确的是( )(2分)
A. 此首小令描写了两人难舍难分之情。 B.作者以与爱人分离的女子的口吻来写。
C. “杨花雪”一词语出苏轼《少年游》。 D.“人去也”一声长叹,包含离别伤痛。
(三)阅读下文,完成8-10题(8分)
橘逾淮为枳
晏子将使楚。楚王闻之,谓左右曰:“晏婴,齐之习辞者也。今方来,吾欲辱之,何以也?” 左右对曰:“为其来也,臣请缚一人,过王而行,王曰:‘何为者也?’对曰:‘齐人也。’王曰:‘何坐?’曰:‘坐盗。’”
晏子至,楚王赐晏子酒。酒酣,吏二缚一人诣王,王曰:“缚者曷为者也?”对曰:“齐人也,坐盗。”
王视晏子曰:“齐人固善盗乎?”
晏子避席对曰:“婴闻之,橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。所以然者何?水土异也。今民生长于齐不盗,入楚则盗,得无楚之水土使民善盗耶?” 王笑曰:“圣人非所与熙也,寡人反取病焉。”
8. “过王而行”中的“过”与下列选项中加点词的含义相同的一项是( )(2分)
A.人恒过.,然后能改 B.过.故人庄 C.过.目成诵 D.以其境过清
9. 用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(3分)
所以然者何?水土异也。
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. 《说文解字》中,“辞”:从“舌”,从“辛”,诉讼辩词。晏婴在辩论中提出“橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳”的用意是:____________________,体现了他“习辞”的特点。(3分)
(四)阅读下文,完成8-10题(8分)
硃冲,字巨容,南安人也。少有至行.,好学而贫,常以耕艺为事。邻人失犊,认冲犊以归,后得犊于林下,大惭,以犊还冲,冲竟不受。有牛犯其禾稼,冲屡持刍①送牛而无恨色。主愧之,乃不复为暴。
咸宁四年,诏补博士,冲称疾不应。寻又诏曰:“以冲为太子右庶子。”冲每闻征书至,辄逃入深山,时人以为梁管之流②。冲居近夷俗,羌戎奉之若君,冲亦以礼让为训,邑里化之,路不拾遗,村无凶人,毒虫猛兽皆不为害。卒以寿终。
①刍:饲养牛马的草料。 ②梁管之流:梁鸿、管宁之类的人。
11. 解释文中的加点字。(4分)
(1)少有至行 ( ) (2)寻又诏曰( )
12.对文中划线句“冲亦以礼让为训,邑里化之”翻译正确的一项是( )(3分)
A.硃冲也用礼让训诫别人,乡里的人被他感化。
B. 硃冲也把礼让作为训诫,乡里的人被他感化。
C. 硃冲也用礼让训诫别人,被乡里的人感化。
D. 硃冲也把礼让训诫别人,被乡里的人感化。
13. “主愧之”的原因是。(用原文回答)(3分)
14. 硃冲的优秀品质:(1)(2(2分)
二、现代文(40分)
(一)阅读下文,完成15-19题(19分)
①极端天气越来越多了吗?答案似乎是肯定的。
②从2011年10月的泰国洪水,到2012年10月登陆美国的飓风“桑迪”,都印证了这一点。中国的情况同样令人k ān 忧。据中国社会科学院等机构联合编写的《气候变化绿皮书:应对气候变化报告》(2012),中国自1951年以来,高温、低温、强降水、干旱、台风等极端天气事件的频率和强度都发生了变化。
③面对越来越频繁的极端天气,或许很多人都会问,能否提前较长时间作出预测,以便有充分的时间做准备?答案有些让人失望:气象和气候学家通常认为,气象的短时预报,即预报未来1-6小时的天气动向,是比较准确的,但要准确预测未来长时间或很久之后的气候状况,特别是一些极端的情况,目前的科技水平还做不到。
④气候预测为什么这么难?这个难题,从数据的观测、收集和综合就开始了。我们可以看看2012年10月发布的最新“HadCRUT ”气温记录表,它由两个世界顶尖的气候研究机构——哈德利中心和东英吉利大学气候研究中心共同制作。前者负责采集部分陆地和海洋表面温度的数据,后者负责采集地表温度的数据。最新的HadCRUT 气温记录表现实,从1997年年初至2012年8月,全球总体气温变化仅为0℃。由于这个数据是联合国政府间气候变化委员会向全球发布世界其后报告的主要标准,这条消息令许多人震惊:全球变暖已经停止16年,而我们现在才知道?
⑤至于消息延迟的原因,除了一些外国媒体所猜测的政治因素之外,还因为科学家会不断修订数据。为什么这些数据需要不停修订?难道真如“气候门”所怀疑的那样,气候学家在操纵数据?当然不是这样。单次测量很简单——测量某个数值,然后把结果记录下来。但数据的综合是一个连续的过程,特别是几十、上百年的气候变化所需要的数据。多次测量会涉及更多的问题,例如设备是否以同样的标准进行校准的?测量数据是否代表了同样的时间和空间尺度?因此,对于任何数据综合——无论是全球平均气温,还是海水热含量,亦或是古气候重建——随着时间的推移,测量站点的增加,都是不可避免的要做必要的修订。 ⑥除了数据问题,用于预测的气候模型也常常引发争议。
⑦据灾难性气候研究专家陈星说,真实的气候变化比我们现有最好的模型都复杂得多。“目前计算模型往往只使用在对一些问题,例如反馈机制的敏感性实验研究,做一些机理性的模拟研究”。而气候变化涉及众多反馈机制,并且地球气候系统还受到太阳活动、火山爆发等因素的影响。
⑧气候模型还需要不断地与真实气候进行对照验证。除了等待数十年后,去检验气候模型的
预测结果之外,研究人员还可以把模型预测的结果与古气候进行对比。对过去气候的认识是基于代用资料,如冰芯等,而不是直接证据。
⑨因此,陈星认为,气候模型对长时间的平均状态进行模拟是可行的,但对真实气候变化的模拟,模型预测结果的可信度很有限,“特别是模拟一些变化剧烈的气候现象时,结果就更不准确”。但是,尽管不能和准确预测,趋势性的预测也能为我们安排今后的生产生活提供一些参考。
15. 根据拼音写含义(1分) kān 忧 ( )
16. 第⑤段划线句破折号的作用是。(2分)
17. 第①段划线句是句式,请将这两句改为一句陈述句。(4分)
18. 第④段列举了世界顶尖的气候研究机构的研究案例,请分析其表达效果。(4分)
(二)阅读下文,完成20-24题(21分)
女儿下厨 秦文君
①女儿第一次独立下厨,是7岁,当时我想知道她的生存能力,于是装病,告诉女儿很想喝粥。躺在床上,我听见厨房里锅碗瓢盆丁丁当当响,一会儿是打碎瓶瓶罐罐的声音,一会儿是锅盖掉地上了。这日子很不好过,好几次想冲进厨房,但还是忍住了。直到看着女儿把点缀着肉松和腐乳的粥端到床边,我才舒了一口气??尽管她在做这碗粥时,把厨房弄得像“一天世界”,但我觉得值,地上的污渍,包括打碎的瓶瓶罐罐,考验了她的爱心,也给予孩子一份可贵的经历。
②那天我很感动,女儿也很高兴,小脸上露出自豪感。看来有时候大人们让一让,给孩子留一点空间,能让孩子发挥无穷无尽的创造力,有自主成长的自豪。
③她十岁那年,我过生日之前,她问我要什么礼物? 我说你为我做一顿生日餐吧,这能
让我感到欣慰。那天一早她亲临菜场采购食材,东买西买,买来很多莫名其妙的调料,买的菜几乎无法搭配在一起,结果她做了号称两菜一汤的生日餐,其实一道是番茄炒鸡蛋,一道是榨菜炒肉,一汤是榨菜番茄加蛋的汤。不过,看她系着白围裙,在厨房里乐呵呵地转悠,调派着各种调料品,那种满足感和成就感不亚于米其林三星的大厨。
④我想趁势教她些厨艺,可是那次之后,她下厨的热情熄灭了,只是在厨房里玩一些有
趣的事:把大大小小各种量杯都找出来,调制饮品。不过她调的饮品不受欢迎,不甜也不咸,里面还混入了咖喱粉的味道,据说是不小心把咖喱粉打翻在里面,见我们都不喝,她只好将就喝上几口,给自己台阶下,后来趁人不注意,偷偷把自制的饮品倒掉了。
⑤那之后,她闲下来的时候还会来厨房找乐子,有时装成饭店老板,非把我做好的菜肴一次次地卖给我,好在是慷慨相送,不收费用的。有时她想做饭店的收银员,在饭厅里等候着,我走过时她就打给我一张小票,有图的。
⑥雨季来的时候,她在家里玩野炊,兴致勃勃地想出很多古怪的菜,都是好玩的菜单,算是想象中的一道盛宴。不过,她的每一个小念头在我的眼里就如同一颗颗小苗,我并不着急,要让它长长看,看它能长成什么。
⑦小学快毕业了,她就不满足做这样的游戏了,想做出美味的点心。她找一本从日本翻译过来的烹调书来研读,读到烂熟后,就开始摩拳擦掌,要来真的了。我答应做这位点心师的助手。她照着那烹调书做出来的点心很好吃,样子也妙曼,就是甜得过了,真的是“比蜜 还甜”。得到表扬后,她决定多做些点心分送给亲戚们分享,亲戚们觉得很惊喜,品尝后众口称赞,她动力更足了,买了各国的烹调书看。
⑧再后来她长大了,去美国留学,闲暇时,这位数学硕士会动很多脑筋,了解世界各国的饮食特点和食物的风味,渐渐的,她居然能做一大桌像样的宴席,也学做寿司,买香茅做泰国口味的菜。令人吃惊的是,她做的小羊角面包、布朗尼蛋糕超越了附近一带知名的西饼店,好看,好吃。有一次她请我喝用纯黑巧克力、牛奶、可可粉调起来的饮品,说真的,我世界各地跑,品尝过无数各地的热巧克力,但唯有这一次,毫不夸张地说,味道好极了。如今一旦她下厨,我只能屈居助手的位置了。
⑨没想到,童年时候的一段段碎碎的下厨经历,竟歪打正着,成就了一个业余大厨。
21.第③段画线句的语言表达有什么特点?为什么这样写?(4分)
22. 第④段划线句与下文哪句话相呼应?。 这样写的作用是 。(3分)
23. 第⑥段画线句运用。(3分)
24. 对本文主旨理解最恰当的一项是( )(3分)
A.文章揭示了没有丰富的经历和体验的童年是有缺憾的。
B.文章赞扬了女儿快乐、自主、自信、自豪的成长历程。
C.文章旨在提醒父母:需要给孩子提供足够空间,等待他们自主成长。
D. 文章旨在提醒父母:教育孩子既要牵手,也要放手,力求孩子完美。
三、综合运用能力(11分)
阅读以下内容,完成25-26题(11分)
【材料】今年暑假,学校提供某海外游学资讯,具体如下:
线路主题:欧洲文化探索——法国瑞士意大利欧洲经典三国深入体验两周营。
招生对象:初一年级以上在校学生
价格:18000元/人
出发日期:2015年7月2日 线路类型:文化探索系列 行程主要内容:
(1)参观米兰世博览会。理解2015年米兰世博会的主题:“滋养地球,生命之源”。
(2)探访欧洲顶尖高校。参观欧洲著名的理工院校洛桑联邦理工学院和欧洲最古老的大学之一巴黎大学,感受欧洲名校的学术氛围和学院气质。
(3)置身世界顶级博物馆。在卢浮宫欣赏馆内典藏艺术珍品,享受视觉盛宴。
(4)学习法语和意大利语。体验生动有趣的意大利语和法语入门课程,感受小语种的魅力。
(5)欣赏欧洲美丽自然景观。张开双臂拥抱瑞士绝美的湖光山色,登顶雄伟的铁力士山,尽情呼吸清新自然的空气。
25. 你了解法国或意大利的文学作品吗?请填写阅读卡片(5分)
篇(书)名: 作者: 国家: 对作品中印象深刻的人物:两位)
26. 如果你非常想参加这次游学活动,请写一段话,将此次游学情况和相关事件等信息介绍给父母,以期得到他们的支持。
四、写作(60分) 27.题目:期待你的夸奖
要求:(1)写一篇600字左右的文章。 (2)不得透露个人相关信息 (3)不得抄袭
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