合金钢牌号说明
首部用数字标明碳质量分数:结构钢以万分之一为单位的数字(两位数),工具钢和特殊性能钢以千分之一为单位的数字(一位数)来表示碳质量分数,而工具钢的碳质量分数超过1%时,碳质量分数不标出。
在标明碳质量分数数字之后,用元素的化学符号表明钢中主要合金元素,质量分数由其后面的数字标明:平均质量分数小于1.5%时不标注,平均质量分数为1.5%---2.49%、2.5%---3.49%......时,相应底标上2、3…. 。
专用钢用其用途的汉语拼音字首来标示。
合金元素对合金钢性能的影响
1. 硅(si ):显著提高钢的弹性极限、屈服强度和抗拉强度,广泛用于制造重载荷的弹簧钢。在调质结构钢中,硅不仅能增加钢的淬透性,还增加钢淬火后的抗回火性,因而常用作调质结构钢的合金元素,并可用于制造承受重载荷的较大截面零件的高级调质钢。
2. 锰(Mn ):足够的韧性,较高的强度和硬度,能提高钢的淬透性,改善钢的热加工性能。硫化锰杂质能使切削易于碎断,常用来生产易切削钢。但锰能使钢的抗腐蚀能力减弱,对钢的焊接性能也有不利的影响。
3.(Ni):能使钢强化,改善钢的低温性能、韧性、提高钢的淬透性。抗锈性也很强,具有较高的对酸、碱、海水的耐腐蚀能力,但在高温高压下对氢介质的抗腐蚀能力无明显效果,反而会造成脱碳促使钢腐蚀破裂。
4. 铬(Cr ):提高钢的抗氧化作用,增加钢的抗腐蚀能力、强度和耐磨性。
5. 钼(Mo ):提高淬透性和热强性,防止回火脆性,提高剩磁和矫顽力,提高在某些介质中(如硫化氢、氨、一氧化碳、水灯介质)的抗蚀性与防止点蚀倾向。由于增加钢的热强性,所以钼含量较高时,会增加热加工的难度。
6. 铝(Al ):脱氧定氮剂,细化钢的晶粒,提高钢在低温下得韧性。对氮有极强的亲和能力,含铝钢渗氮后,在钢表面牢固形成一层薄而硬氮化铝层,提高钢的硬度和疲劳强度,并改善其耐磨性,提高耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性,可作为不锈耐酸钢的主要合金元素。
AISI标准中碳素钢和合金钢牌号表示方法
AISI标准中碳素钢和合金钢牌号表示方法
AISI标准中,碳素钢和合金钢牌号的表示方法基本相同。大都采用四位阿拉伯数字表示,间或在中间或末尾加入字母。例如:1005,94B15,3140等。四位数字中的前两位数字表示钢种类型极其主要合金元素含量。后两位数字表示钢的平均含碳量为万分之几的数值。 1. 第一位数(或第一、二位数)表示如下类别号:1—碳素钢,2—镍钢,3—镍铬钢,4—钼钢,5—铬钢,61—铬钒钢,8—低镍铬钢,92—硅锰钢,93、94、97、98—铬镍钼钢。 2. 第二位数(类别号为二位数者无此项)表示如下钢种或合金元素含量: 碳素钢:0—一般碳素钢,1—易切削钢,3—锰结构钢。
钼钢:1—铬钼钢,3和7—镍铬钼钢,6和8—镍钼钢,0、4、5—含Mo量不同的钼钢。 镍和镍铬钢:用百分数表示平均含镍量。
铬钢:0—铬含量较低,1—铬含量较高。
低镍铬钢:6、7、8、1表示镍和铬含量一定,钼含量不同。6表示钼含量0.15,0.25,7表示钼含量0.2,0.3,8表示钼含量0.3,0.4,1表示钼含量0.08,0.15。 3. 第三、四位数表示含碳量平均值,以万分之几表示。
有些钢号中间插入B或L:B—含硼钢,L—含铅钢。
末尾加“H”时,表示对淬透性有一定要求的钢种。有些加前置字母“M”或“MT”:M—机械级,MT—机械用管材
P.S: 不锈钢和耐热钢牌号表示方法
采用AISI标准的编号系统,牌号由三位阿拉伯数字组成,第一位数表示钢的类别。第二、三位数表示顺序号。
钢的类别号:1—沉淀硬化不锈钢,2—Cr-Mn-Ni-N 奥氏体钢,3—CrNi 奥氏体钢,4—高铬马氏体和低碳高铬铁素体钢,5—低碳马氏体钢。
合金钢牌号(Alloy steel grade)
合金钢牌号(Alloy steel grade)
Alloy steel grades, with extremely few said carbon content, like this 12 refers to the mass fraction of carbon;
The alloy element is generally less than 1.5% in mass, and only the chemical elements are marked in the grade, such as Mo and V in this, when the mass fraction is reached
1.5%-2.49%, 2.5%-3.49%, is 2, 3 to say, and so on, for example, you say 12Cr1MoV Cr inside.
First, China's steel said method.
Steel grades are referred to as number, name of each specific steel products for the people to understand, is a common language of steel. China's steel square
Law, according to the national standard "iron and steel products trademark representation method" (GB/T221 - 2000), and in November 1, 2000 began
Shi.
Generally speaking, the product brand is represented by the combination of Chinese phonetic alphabet, chemical element symbol and Arabia numeral. That is:
The chemical elements in steel by international chemical symbols, such as SiMnCr...... Etc.. The mixed rare earth elements are represented by "RE" (or "Xt").
The product name, use, smelting and casting methods are generally expressed in the abbreviation of Chinese phonetic alphabet,
The content of main chemical elements in steel (%) is expressed by Arabia numeral.
When the Chinese phonetic alphabet is used to indicate the product name, the purpose, the characteristic and the technological method, it is usually selected from the Chinese phonetic alphabet which represents the product name
Letters. When repeating letters selected from another product, you can use second letters or third letters, or select two characters at the same time
The first phonetic alphabet.
Chinese characters and Hanyu Pinyin are not available for the time being, and the symbols are in English letters.
Two, China's steel classification method
1, carbon structural steel and low-alloy high strength structure of the brand, said the method
The above steel is usually divided into two categories: general steel and special steel. A representation of a brand, yielding to the Chinese phonetic alphabet of the yield or yield strength of the steel
The point or yield strength value, the quality grade of the steel, and the degree of deoxidation of the steel are actually 4 parts.
The universal structural steel uses the phonetic alphabet "Q", which represents the yield point". Yield point value (MPa) and the quality grade specified in Table 1 (A, B),
C, D, E), deoxidation methods (F, B, Z, TZ) and other symbols, in order to form a brand. For example, carbon structural steel grades are expressed as: Q23
5AF, Q235BZ; low alloy high strength structural steel grades are expressed as: Q345C, Q345D.
Q235BZ said the quality grade is greater than or equal to 235MPa, yield point for calm carbon steel grade B.
Q235 and Q345 these two grades are the most typical production steel, production and use of the largest, most widely used brand. These two brands are almost all over the world
Every country has its own.
In the grades of carbon structural steels, the symbols of "Z" and "TZ" can be omitted, for example, the quality grades are C and
D grade Q235 steel whose grades are indicated as Q235CZ and Q235DTZ, but may be omitted as Q235C and Q235D.
Low alloy high strength structural steel has killed steel and special killed steel, but the end of the mark is not written to indicate the method of deoxidation.
Special structural steel is usually represented by the symbol "Q", the yield point value, and the symbol of the product used in Table 1, which represents the yield point of the steel,
For example: pressure vessel steel grade is "Q345R"; weathering steel, its brand is "Q340NH"; Q295HP welding cylinder steel brand;
Q390g grades of steel for boilers; grades of steel for Q420q bridges.
According to the requirement, the standard of universal low alloy high strength structural steel can also be used by two Arabia figures (mean carbon content, a few tens of millions)
And chemical element symbols are expressed in sequence. The number of special low alloy high strength structural steels can also be used in two digit Arabia figures
The carbon content, in the tens of thousands, and the symbol of the chemical elements, and the symbols specified in Table 1 for the use of the products, are expressed in sequence.
2, quality carbon structural steel and high-quality carbon spring steel, said the method
The quality carbon structural steel adopts two Arabia figures
(the average carbon content represented by several tens of thousands), or the figures and elements symbols of Arabia, as stipulated in Table 1
A combination of symbols.
Boiling steels and semi killed steels are marked with "F" and "B" at the rear of the mark, respectively". For example, boiling steel with an average carbon content of 0.08% is indicated by its brand number
For "08F", a semi killed steel with an average carbon content of 0.10% is expressed as "10B"".
The steel (S, P < 0.035%="" respectively)="" is="" generally="" not="" symbol.="" for="" example,="" an="" average="" of="" 0.45%="" carbon="" containing="" killed="" steel="" is="" indicated="" by="" "45"".="">
High quality carbon structural steel with high manganese content, adding manganese symbol after representing Arabia with average carbon content. For example, the average carbon content is
0.50%, manganese content of 0.70% to 1% of the steel, its brand is "50Mn"".
The high quality carbon structural steel (S, P = 0.030%), and the symbol "A in grades after". For example: the average carbon content of 0.45% of the high quality
Carbon structural steel whose designation is "45A"".
The premium quality carbon structural steel (S = 0.020%, P = 0.025%), and the symbol "E in grades after". For example, the average carbon content is 0.45%
Grade carbon structural steel, whose designation is "45E"".
The quality carbon spring steel grade indication method and the high-quality carbon structure steel grade indication method are same (65, 70, 85, 65Mn steel in GB/T122)
2 and GB/T, 699, two standards exist at the same time.
3. Indicating method of alloy structural steel and alloy spring steel
The alloy structural steel grades are expressed in terms of Arabia numerals and standard chemical elements.
With two Arabia figures, the average carbon content (in the tens of millions) is placed on the head of the grade.
The content of alloy elements is indicated as follows: when the average content is less than 1.50%, only the elements are marked in the grade, and the content of the alloy is not marked in general
They ranged from 1.50% to 2.49%, from 2.50% to 3.49%, from 3.50% to 4.49%, from 4.50% to 5.49%,...... The alloy element is then written accordingly
2, 3, 4, 5.......
For example, the average content of carbon, chromium, manganese and silicon is 0.30%, 0.95%, 0.85% and 1.05% alloy structural steel, respectively, when the content of S and P is divided
Not less than 0.035%, the grade is expressed as "30CrMnSi".
High quality alloy structural steel (S, P concentrations were less than 0.025%), said in the rear plus grade symbol "A". For example: "30CrMnSiA."".
Super high grade alloy steel (S = 0.015%, P = 0.025%), in the rear plus symbol grade "E", for example: "30CrM nSiE".
Special alloy structural steel grades shall be marked in the head (or tail) table 1 of the brand, indicating the use of the product. For example, 30CrM for riveting purposes
NSi steel, steel ML30CrMnSi.
Alloy spring steel grades are the same as alloy structural steel.
For example, the average content of carbon, silicon and manganese is 0.60%, 1.75%, 0.75% of spring steel, and its brand is "60Si2Mn"". senior
High quality spring steel is marked with "A" at the end of the grade, and its brand is indicated as "60Si2MnA"".
4. Designation of grades of free cutting steels
Free cutting steels are represented by standard chemical elements, symbols defined in Table 1, and Arabia figures. The Arabia figures mean average carbon content
How many?.
Sulfur free cutting steel and sulfur and phosphorus free cutting steel, in the symbol "Y" and "Arabia" figures, no easy cutting element symbols.
For example: the average carbon content of 0.15% of the free cutting steel, its brand is expressed as "Y15"".
II. Adding sulfur or adding sulfur and phosphorus to the cutting steel with high manganese content; adding manganese symbol after symbol "Y" and "Arabia number". For example, the average carbon content is
0.40%, easy to cut steel with manganese content of 1.20% ~ 1.55%, its brand is expressed as "Y40Mn"".
The free cutting steels containing calcium, lead and other easily cutting elements are added with the symbol of easy cutting elements after the symbols "Y" and "Arabia" figures.
For example: "Y15Pb" and "Y"
45Ca".
5. Indication method of non quenched and tempered mechanical structural steel
Non quenched and tempered mechanical structural steel is marked with "YF" and "F" on the grade heads, which indicate the non quenched and tempered mechanical structures of free cutting, non quenched and tempered mechanical structural steel and hot forging
Other content of the steel designation method is the same as that of alloy structural steel. For example: "YF35V" and "F45V"".
6. Indication method of tool steel grades
Tool steel is divided into three categories: carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel and high speed tool steel.
Carbon tool steels are represented by standard chemical element symbols, symbols defined in Table 1 and Arabia figures. The Arabia figures mean average carbon content
A few thousandths of a thousand.
A. common manganese content carbon tool steel, in the tool steel symbol "T" after the Arabia digital. For example: carbon tool steel with an average carbon content of 0.80%,
The brand name is "T8"".
B. high manganese content carbon tool steel, in tool steel
symbols "T" and "Arabia", followed by symbols of manganese elements. For example: "T8Mn."".
C. high quality carbon tool steel, with "A" at the end of the grade". For example: "T8MnA."".
Alloy tool steel and high speed tool steel
Alloy tool steel and high speed tool steel designation method are the same as those for alloy structural steel. Standard alloy elements and symbols are used
Arabia figures show, but generally do not indicate the average carbon content figures, such as: average carbon content of 1.60%, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium content were
11.75%, 0.50% and 0.22% alloy tool steel, its brand is "Cr12MoV"; the average carbon content is 0.85%, containing tungsten and molybdenum,
High speed tool steels with chromium and vanadium content of 6%, 5%, 4% and 2%, respectively, are certified as
"W6Mo5Cr4V2"".
If the average carbon content is less than 1%, you can use a Arabia figure to indicate carbon content (several thousandths). For example, the average carbon content is 0.8
0%. Alloy tool steel with manganese content of 0.95% and silicon content of 0.45%. The designation is "8MnSi"".
Low chromium (average chromium content less than 1%) alloy tool steel, in the amount of chromium (in parts per thousand) before adding figures "0"". For example, the average chromium content is 0.60%
Alloy tool steel, whose designation is "Cr06"".
7. Plastic mould steel grade indication method
In addition to the "SM" sign on the head of the plastic mould steel, the remaining indication method is in accordance with the quality carbon structural steel and alloy tool steel grades
The same. For example: the average carbon content of 0.45% carbon plastic mold steel, its brand is "SM45"; the average carbon content of 0.34%, chromium content
Alloy plastic mould steel with a molybdenum content of 1.70%, and its brand name is "SM3Cr2Mo", which is 0.42%".
8 、 bearing steel grade indication method
Bearing steel is divided into four categories: high carbon chromium bearing steel, carburizing bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless bearing steel and high temperature bearing steel.
High carbon chromium bearing steel, in the head marked "G", but does not indicate carbon content. Chromium content is a few thousandths, other alloy element is pressed by alloy
The alloy content of structural steel is indicated. For example: the average chromium content of 1.50% bearing steel, and its brand name is "GCr15"".
Carburizing bearing steel, adopt alloy structural steel grade indication method, and mark "G" on the head of grade head". For example: "G20 CrNiMo."".
High quality carburizing bearing steel, at the end of the brand plus "A"". For example: "G20CrNiMoA."".
The high carbon chromium stainless bearing steel and high temperature bearing steel adopt stainless steel and heat-resisting steel, and the brand head is not marked "G"". Such as:
High carbon chromium stainless bearing steel "9Cr18" and high temperature bearing steel "10Cr14Mo"".
9. Designation of stainless and heat-resisting steels
The grades of stainless and heat-resisting steels are specified by standard alloy elements and Arabia figures. They are used for cutting stainless steel, free cutting and heat-resisting steels
Head plus "Y"".
That the average carbon content of a Arabia digital generally used (in a few dollars per thousand); when the average carbon content is 1% or more,
Use the two digit Arabia table
When the carbon content of the upper limit; < 0.10%,="" "0"="" as="" the="" carbon="" content;="" when="" carbon="" content="" limit="" is="" less="" than="" 0.03%,="" more="" than="" 0.01%="" (low="" carbon),="" with="" "03"="" table="">
As the carbon content; when the content of carbon cap (less than 0.01% is very low carbon), "01" as the carbon content. When the carbon content is not specified, the Arabia number is used
The word represents the upper limit of the amount of carbon contained.
Alloying elements; methods of expression; same as alloy structural steels. For example: the average carbon content of 0.20%, chromium content of 13% stainless steel, its brand said
For the "2Cr13", the upper limit of carbon content is 0.08%, the average chromium content is 18%, and the nickel content is 9% chromium nickel stainless steel, its brand is expressed as "0Cr18"
"Ni9"; the upper limit of carbon content is 0.12%, and the average chromium content is 17%. The sulfur free cutting chromium stainless steel is certified as "Y1Cr17"
A high carbon chromium stainless steel with a carbon content of 1.10% and chromium content of 17%. Its brand is indicated as "11Cr7"; the upper limit of carbon content is 0.03%, and the average chromium content
For 19%, ultra low carbon stainless steel containing 10% nickel, the brand is "03Cr19Ni10"; the upper limit of carbon content is 0.01%, the average chromium content
For 19%, a low carbon stainless steel with a nickel content of 11% is indicated as "01Cr19Ni11"".
In China, the standard of stainless steel is revised according to JIS standard, but the method of stainless steel is different from that of japan. We are
The alloy element and the average amount of C indicate that Japan is denoted by the letters used and the Arabia numeral. For example, stainless steel grades SUS202, SUS3
16, SUS430, S-steel (steel), U-use (use), S-stainless (stainless steel). Such as heat-resistant steel grades SUH309, SUH330, SUH
660, H-Heatresistins. Different numbers in the grade indicate different types of stainless steel. Japan says stainless steel is different from heat resistant steel
Products are added to the brand after the corresponding letters, such as stainless steel bars, SUS-B hot-rolled stainless steel plate SUS-HP, heat-resistant steel bars, SUHB heat-resistant steel plate, SUH
P. Britain, the United States and other western countries stainless steel grades of heat-resistant steel method of
expression is basically the same as in Japan, mainly in Arabia digital representation and figures
Is the same, that is, the brand is the same. Because Japan's stainless steel is made in america.
10. Indicating method of welding steel grades
Steel for welding including alloy steel and welding of stainless steel welding, welding of carbon steel, the brand that is used in all kinds of welding steel plate number
The Department adds the symbol "H"". For example: "H08", "H08Mn2Si", "H1Cr18Ni9"".
High grade welding steel. Mark "A" at the end of the grade". For example: "H08A" and "08Mn2SiA"".
11 、 silicon steel for electrical engineering
Number of numbers, letters and numbers.
The letter symbols for non oriented and oriented silicon steels are "W" and "Q" respectively"
The thickness is in the front, the letters are placed in the middle, and the iron loss values are at the back, such as the 30Q113. Letter letters with high magnetic induction in oriented silicon steel"
"G" and "Q" together, such as 30QG113
The number after the letter represents 100 times the value of the iron core (W/kg).
The letter "G" is said to be tested at a high frequency; without "G", which is indicated under the frequency of 50 cycles.
30Q113 represents the maximum unit weight of cold rolled oriented silicon steel products at 50 Hz frequency, and the iron loss is 1.13W/kg.
The method of cold-rolled silicon steel is consistent with the Japanese standard (JISC2552-86), except that the letter symbols are different, for example, the orientation silicon steel brand 27Q140 and it
The corresponding JIS brand is 27G140, and the 30QG110 corresponding to JIS is 30P110 (G: stands for common materials, P: stands for high access
Tropism. The grade 35W250 of non oriented silicon steel, and the corresponding JIS brand is 35A250.
合金钢材料牌号表示方法
表示方法
? 钢号开头的两位数字表示钢的碳含量,以平均碳含量的万分之几表示,如40Cr、25Cr2MoVA合金管
?钢中主要合金元素,除个别微合金元素外,一般以百分之几表示。当平均合金含量,1.5%时,钢号中一般只标出元素符号,而不标明含量,但在特殊情况下易致混淆者,在元素符号后亦可标以数字"1",例如钢号"12CrMoV"和"12Cr1MoV",前者铬含量为0.4-0.6%,后者为0.9-1.2%,其余成分全部相同。当合金元素平均含量?1.5%、?2.5%、?3.5%……时,在元素符号后面应标明含量,可相应表示为2、3、4……等。例如18Cr2Ni4WA。
?钢中的钒V、钛Ti、铝AL、硼B、稀土RE等合金元素,均属微合金元素,虽然含量很低,仍应在钢号中标出。例如20MnVB钢中。钒为0.07-0.12%,硼为0.001-0.005%。
?高级优质钢应在钢号最后加"A",以区别于一般优质钢。
?圆钢:每米重量(公斤)=0.00617×直径×直径(注:螺纹钢和圆钢相同)
不同合金钢牌号标注之谜
不同合金钢牌号标注之谜
合金钢种类很多,大体可分为合金结构钢、合金工具钢、特殊性能钢,而它们又分为好多类,真是繁琐异常,当我们记忆它们的牌号时必须抓住规律才能融会贯通,把握得好。下面我把我总结的规律贡献给大家,与大家共勉。
低合金结构钢与众不同,它的牌号的表示与碳素结构钢相同,如Q345表示屈服点为345MPa 的低合金高强度结构钢。
合金渗碳钢与低合金刃具钢是两个基本例子,其它的合金钢在牌号的标注上与其比较起来是有相同之处的。合金渗碳钢牌号的表示方法采用两位数字+元素符号+数字来表示,前面两位数字表示平均含碳量的万分之几;而低合金刃具钢牌号的表示方法采用一位数字+元素符号+数字,前面一位数字表示含碳量的千分之几,而且当平均含碳量≥1.0%时则不予标出。一个用两位数表示含碳量是万分之几,一个用一位数表示含碳量是千分之几,这是含碳量表示的区别。元素符号和数字的含义则是相同的。元素符号都表示钢中加入的主要合金元素,其后面的数字表示相应合金元素的含量。数字规律都很有趣:凡合金元素含量<><><><>
牌号表示方法与合金渗碳钢完全相同的有合金调质钢、合金弹簧钢。标注方法与合金渗碳钢略有不同的有高速钢和高锰钢。高速钢的牌号一般不标注含碳量,但不代表它里边不含有碳,它的含碳量在0.7%~1.15%之内,但它们的元素符号和数字含义同合金渗碳钢。高锰钢牌号中碳含量也不予标出,ZG (“铸钢”汉语拼音字头)代表铸钢,元素符号与数字含义同合金渗碳钢。滚动轴承钢的牌号中用“G”(“滚”汉语拼音字头)做首位,碳的含量不予标出,铬的含量以千分之几数字标出,其它合金元素及含量表示方法同合金渗碳钢。
牌号标注方法与低合金刃具钢完全相同的有冷、热作模具钢。不锈钢牌号的表示方法同低合金刃具钢,但当钢中平均含碳量≤0.08%时,在牌号前以“0”标出,平均含碳量≤0.03%时,在牌号前以“00”标出。
耐热钢则有的同合金渗碳钢有的同低合金刃具钢。如15CrMo 含碳量为万分之十五,既0.15%,1Cr13SiAl 含碳量为千分之一,既0.1%。