范文一:初中语文。被动句。加例句
篇一:初中文言文特殊句式及例句
初中文言文特殊句式(一)
一、判断句
古汉语判断句是根据谓语的性质给句子分类所得出的一种句型,指用名词做谓语的句子。往往不用判断动词“是”,但翻译时要加上,如“……,是……”。
(一)“是”在古汉语中是一个指示代词,常用做判断句的主语。
1(是知也。 (《(论语)十则》)
是:指示代词,相当于“这”做主语。知:通:智”,聪明智慧。名词活用为动词,做谓语。
2(是进亦忧,退亦忧。 (《岳阳楼记》)
是:指示代词,相当于“这”,指代“居庙堂之高……则忧其君”,做主语。
3(是可谓善学者矣。(《送东阳马生序》)
是:指示代词,相当于“这”,指代“马生”,做主语。“谓”
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做主语。
(二)“为”表肯定判断,可译为“是”。
臣以王吏之攻宋也,为与此同类。(《公输》)
(三)“乃”表肯定判断,可译为“是”。
吾闻二世少于也,不当立,当立者乃公子扶苏。 (《陈涉世家》)
(四)“即”表肯定判断,可译为“就是”。
1(即公大兄无奕女,左将军王凝之妻也。
(五)“则”表肯定判断,可译为“是”。
1(非天质之卑,则心不若余之专耳。(《送东阳马生序》)
2(此则岳阳楼之大观也。(《岳阳楼记》)
(六)“是”做动词,表肯定判断。
1(对子骂父,则是无礼。(《世说新语?陈大丘与友期》)
2(日中不至,则是无信。(《世说新语?陈大丘与友期》)
3(正是江南好风景。(《江南逢李龟年》)
4(日暮乡关何处是? (《黄鹤楼》)
5(问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。(《桃花源记》)
6(斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。 (《陋室铭》
7(最是一年春好处。(《早春呈水部张十八员外》)
8(剪不断,理还乱,是离愁。(《相见欢[无言独上西楼)》)
9(别是一般滋味在心头。(《相见欢[无言独上西楼)》)
10(落红不是无情物。 (《己亥杂诗》)
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(七)“非”表否定判断,可译为“不是”。
1(非人哉!(《世说新语?陈大丘与友期》)
2(非天质之卑。 (《送东阳马生序》)
(八)“……,……也”。
1(南阳刘子骥,高尚士也。(《桃花源记》)
2(鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。(《鱼我所欲也》)
3(生,亦我所欲也;义,亦我所欲也。(《鱼我所欲也》)
4(至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、祎、允、允之任也。 (《出师表》)
5(夫战,勇气也。 (《曹刿论战》)
6(夫大国,难测也。 (《曹刿论战》)
7(城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
(九)“……,……者也”。
1(牡丹,花之富贵者也;莲,花之君子者也。 (《爱莲说》)
(十)“……者,……也”。
1(望之蔚然而深秀者,琅玡也。(《醉翁亭记》)
2(渐闻水声潺潺而泄出于两峰之间者,酿泉也。 (《醉翁亭记》
3(峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。 (《醉翁亭记》)
4(山肴野蔌,杂然而前陈者,太守宴也。(《醉翁亭记》)
5.觥筹交错,起坐而喧哗者,众宾欢也。(《醉翁亭记》)
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6(苍颜白发,颓然乎其间者,太守醉也。(《醉翁亭记》)
7(醉能同其乐,醒能述其文者,太守也。(《醉翁亭记》)
8(然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛 下也。 (《出师表》)
9(吾妻之美我者,私我也。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
10(妾之美我者,畏我也。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
11(客之美我者,欲有求于我也。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
(十一)“……者,……”。
马之千里者,一食或尽粟—石。 (《马说》)
(十二)“……,……”。
1(今齐地方千里,百二十城。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
(十三)“……也”。
此诚危急存亡之秋也。 (《出师表》)
二、被动句
(一)没有标志词语,意念上的被动。
帝感其诚,命夸娥氏二子负二山。
(《愚公移山》)“感其诚”即“被……所感动”,这里指天帝被愚公的诚心所感动。
(二)有标志词语。
1(“为”表被动。
2(“为……所……”。
山峦为晴雪所洗,娟然如拭。 《满井游记》)
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“为晴雪所洗”即“被晴雪洗”,这里指山峦被晴天的雪所洗浴。“为”即“被”。
3(“于”表被动。
胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)
“举于……”即“在……被举荐”。
三、省略句
(一)省略主语。
1(承前省。主语在前面已经出现过,为避免重复省略主语,译时要补上。
?(《两小儿辩日》)木兰无长兄,(木兰)愿为市鞍马,从此替爷征。 (《木兰诗》) ?渔人甚异之……(渔人)便舍船,从口入。 (《桃花源记》)
?(桃花源人)便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。(《桃花源记》)
?(余)解衣欲睡,月色人户,欣然起行。《记承天寺夜游》()
?(余)以其境过清,不可久居,乃记之而去。 (《小石潭记》)
?(溪水)斗折蛇行,明灭可见。(《小石潭记》)
?(佛印)卧右膝,诎右臂支船。(《核舟记》)
“乃”前面省略了主语“起义军”,译时要补上。
?(一个人的想法)征于色发于声而后喻。 (《生于忧患,死于安乐》) “征”前面省略了主语“一个人的想法”,译时要
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补上。
?过中(友)不至,太丘舍去,去后(友)乃至。 (《世说新语?陈大丘与友期》) “不至”和“乃至”前面省略了主语“友”;译时要补上。
?(曹刿)下视其辙,登轼而望之。
(《曹刿论战})“下视”前面省略了主语,译时要补上。(鲁师)遂逐齐师。 ((曹刿论战》)“遂逐”前面省略了主语,译时要补上。
?期年之后,(群臣吏民)虽欲言,无可进者。 ((邹忌讽齐王纳谏))“虽欲言”前面省略了主语“群臣吏民”,译时要补上。
2(蒙后省。
七月在野,八月在宇,九月在户,十月蟋蟀入我床下。《诗(经?豳风
?七月》) “在野”“在宇”“在户”前都蒙后省略了主语“蟋蟀”,译时要补上。
3(对话省。
公曰:“小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。”
对曰:“忠之属也。” (《曹刿论战》)
“对曰”前省略了主语“曹刿”;“忠之属”前省略了指代“大小之狱,虽不能察,必以情”的主语“此”或“是”。
(二)省略谓语。
再而衰。再(鼓)而(气)衰。省略的“鼓”就是谓语。
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(三)省略宾语。省略介词宾语,承上省略宾语“之”,带前面已经提到的“人、事、物”。
(1)以。
温故而知新,可以(之)为师矣。(《{论语)十则》)
衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以(之)分人。(《曹刿论战》)
牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也,必以(之)信。(《曹刿论战》)
对曰:“忠之属也,可以(之)一战,战则请从。” (《曹刿论战》)
(2)为。
此人一一为(之)具言所闻,皆叹惋。(《桃花源记》)
(3)与。
念无与(之)为乐者,遂至承天寺,寻张怀民。(《记承天寺夜游》) 旦日,客从外来,与(之)坐谈。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》
省略动词宾语。
(1)省略代词“之”,指代前面已经出现的人、事、物。
人不知(之)而不愠,不亦君子乎。(《(论语)十则》)
问(之)今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。 (《桃花源记》)
(四)省略量词(文言文中数词后常省略量词)。
1(林尽水源,便得一(座)山。
(《桃花源记》)
“一”后面省略了量词“座”,译时要补上。
2(太行、王屋二(座)山,方七百里,高万仞…… (《愚公
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移山》)
“二”后面省略了量词“座”,译时要补上。
3(帝感其诚,命夸娥氏二(个)子负二(座)山,一(座)厝朔东,一(座)厝雍 南。 (《愚公移山》)
“子”前面省略了量词“个”“山”“厝”前面省略了量词“座”,译时要补上。
(五)省略介词。
1(省略“于”。
(1)在。
林尽(于)水源,便得一山。(《桃花源记》)
坐(于)潭上,四面竹树环合,寂寥无人。 (《小石潭记》)
日光下澈,影布(于)石上,怡然不动。(《小石潭记》)
余立侍(于)左右,援疑质理。(《送东阳马生序》)
行(于)深山巨谷中。(《送东阳马生序》)
山水之乐,得之心而寓之(于)酒也(《醉翁亭记》)。
(2)从。
山水之乐,得之(于)心而寓之酒也(《醉翁亭记》)。
(3)给。
不可,吾既已言之(于)王矣。(《公输》)
衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以分(于)人。(《曹刿论战》)
(4)到。
能谤议于市朝,闻(于)寡人之耳者,受下赏。(《邹忌讽齐
8
王纳谏》)
(5)表被动。
帝感(于)其诚。 (《愚公移山》)
(6)对于。
(7)向。
然足下卜之(于)鬼乎!(《陈涉世家》)
(8)比,引出比较的对象。
急湍甚(于)箭,猛浪若奔。(《与朱元思书》)
2(省略“自”,可译为“从”。
(自)潭西南而望。 (《小石潭记》)
四、谓语前置
谓语前置也叫主谓倒装或主语后置。古汉语中,谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样,一般放在主语之后,但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些疑问句或感叹句中,就把谓语提前到主语前面。
1(莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚。(《游山西村》)
“足鸡豚”是“鸡豚足”的倒装,谓语前置,可译为“鸡、猪丰足”。
2(甚矣,汝之不惠! (《愚公移山》)
全句是“汝之不惠甚矣”,位于前置,表强调的意味,可译为“你的不聪明太过分了”,即“你太不聪明了”。
3(如鸣佩环,心乐之。 (《小石潭记》)
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“如鸣佩环”是“如佩环鸣”的倒装,谓语前置,可译为“像玉佩、玉环相碰时发出的清脆声音”。
4(近岸,卷石底以出。 (《小石潭记》)
“卷石底”是“石底卷”的倒装,谓语前置,可译为“石底翻卷过来”。
五、宾语前置
文言文中,动词或介词的宾语,一般置于动词或介词之后,但在一定条件下,宾语会前置。
(一)疑问句中,疑问代词做宾语,宾语前置。这类句子,介词的宾语也是前置的。
1(介宾倒装。孔文子何以谓之“文”也?(《(论语)十则》)
“何以”是“以何”的倒装。
古汉语中,疑问代词做介词的宾语,要放在介词的前面。可译为“为什么”。 微斯人,吾谁与归? (《岳阳楼记》)“吾谁与归”是“吾与谁归”的倒装,可译为“我和谁同道呢?”
疑问句中,代词做介词宾语要提前。“谁”为疑问代词,“与”是介词。
何以战? (《曹刿论战》)“何以”是“以何”的倒装,可译为“凭借什么”。疑问句中,代词做介词宾语要提前。“何”为疑问代词,“以”是介词。
长夜沾湿何由彻!
(《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)“何由彻”是“由何彻”的倒装,可
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译为“凭借什么挨到天亮呢”。“何”,疑问代词,“由”,介词。
在疑问句中,疑问代词前置。
2(谓宾倒装。
何有于我哉? (《{论语)十则》
“何有”是“有何”的倒装。古汉语中疑问代词做宾语时,一般要放在谓语的前面。可译为“有哪一样”。
孔子云:“何陋之有?” (《陋室铭》)
“何陋之有”即“有何陋”的倒装。可译为“有什么简陋的呢?”“何”,疑问代词。“之”,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
(二)文言否定句中,代词做宾语,宾语前置。
1(僵卧孤村不自哀,尚思为国戍轮台。(《十一月四日风雨大作》)
“不自哀”是“不哀自”的倒装。可译为“不为自己感到悲哀”。“自”,代词,在否定句中,代词做宾语要前置。
2(手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。(《送东阳马生序》)
“弗之怠”即“弗怠之”的倒装,可译为“不放松抄写”。“之”,代词,代抄写,在否定句中,代词做宾语要倒装。
3(而城居者未之知也。 (《满井游记》)
“为之知”即“未知之”的倒装,可译为“不知道它”。“之”,代词,代春意。在否定句中,代词做宾语要倒装。
篇二:6 个初中文言文被动句
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6 个初中文言文被动句
所谓被动句,是指主语与谓语之间的关系是被动关系的句子,也就是说,主语是谓语动
词所表示行为的被动者、受事者,而不是主动者、施事者。古汉语的被动句式一般不用“被”
字表示,可以分为有标志的被动句和无标志的被动句,其中有标志的被动句中一般有:“于”
“见”“为”“被”“见??于”“为??所”等。以下整理出的是初中课内文言文里所有的被动句。
七年级(上)
《童趣》
1.舌一吐而二虫尽为所吞 (“为”表被动)
八年级(上)
《观潮》
2.仅有“敌船”为火所焚 (“为??所”表被动)
九年级(上)
《陈涉世家》
3.吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者 (“为”表被动)
九年级(下)
《生于忧患,死于安乐》
4.舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之间,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,
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百里奚举于市 (语意被动)
九年级(下)
《愚公移山》
5.帝感其诚 (语意被动)
《河中石兽》
6.岂能为暴涨携之去 (??为??,表被动,译为“被”)
篇三:特殊句式之被动句
1、 被动句
(1) 动词后用介词“于”表示被动,“于”起介绍引进动作行为主动者的作用
如:管夷吾举于士
介词“于”或动词前加“受”,形成“受。。。于。。。”
如:受制于人
(2) “为”“为。。。所。。。”“为所。。。”句式
(3)用“见”“。。。见。。。于”
(4)用介词“被”表示被动
(5)无标志的被动句
需要根据上下文来判别。如: 帝感其诚
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范文二:英语例句100句
1、Hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的,尽管法律上不允许。allow指“听凭”,“不禁止”,含有消极的意味。permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”, 比allow来得积极。
2、I received his gift from him, but I didn’t accept it .我收到他的礼物,但我没有接受。
3、You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors.你应该为你的可耻的行为感到羞愧。
4、The boss insisted that the man had stolen the money and insisted that he (should) leave the company at once.老板坚持说那个人偷了钱并坚持要求他立刻离开公司。
5、There are so many cakes for me to choose from that I can’t make up my mind which to choose.有那么多的蛋糕可供从中选择,我无法决定选择哪一个。
6、Be sure to get to the airport on time, and make sure everything is ready before you start.务必要准时到机场并且确保在出发前一切都准备好了。
7、It seemed that she was not a bit worried, but in fact, she was not a little worried about it.表面看来她似乎一点也不担心,事实上她非常担心。
8、He felt so sleepy that he soon fell asleep.他觉得很瞌睡很快就睡着了。
9、I called at his house, but he wasn’t in. So I left a message telling him that I would call on him the next day.我到他家拜访,可他不在家。所以我留下口信告诉他第二天再去拜访他。
10、I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.我知道他,但当我昨天见到他的时候几乎没认出他来。
11、The motor cost me 4300 Yuan. But I don’t think it’s worth that much.这辆摩托花了我4300元,但认为它不值这个钱。
12、They got married in 1995. So far they have been married for 10 years.他们是1995年结的婚(瞬间动作),到现在已经结婚(延续动作)十年了。
13、when she found her necklace missing, she knew that the necklace was lost forever.当她发现项链不见了便知道它再也找不着了。
14、Don’t believe what he says. Work hard and believe in yourself, and you’ll succeed one day.不要相信他说的话,努力学习,相信你自己,你会成功的。
15、He cut down the tree and cut it up for winter use.他把树砍倒并砍碎准备过冬用。
16、The sailor has rich experience and he often tells us his interesting experiences.这水手有丰富的经验,他经常给我们讲他有趣的经历。
17. I was greatly moved by this moving story. 我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。
18、I’m very pleased with my own cooking .It has a pleasant smell and I’m sure it will please my husband.我对自己做的菜感到满意,菜闻起来不错,肯定能令丈夫高兴的。
19、The boy lied that a hen was lying under the tree laying eggs.那男孩撒谎说有只母鸡(躺)在树下生蛋。
20、My suitcase contains some clothes,
including a few sweaters and trousers.我箱子里面有些衣服,包括几件毛衣和几条裤子。
附:The whole book contains 12units, including two mainly revisions.整个这本书有十二个单元,包括两个单元的总复习。
21、These shoes cost too much. What’s more, they are much too small for me.这鞋花费太多,而且我穿着太小。
附:I’ve got too much work to do on a much too cold winter night.在一个非常寒冷的冬夜,我有太多的工作要做。
22、I can’t think of his name, but I’ll think about what he has said to me.我想不起他的名字,但我会考虑他跟我说过的话。
23、I used to rise very late during the summer vacation, but I’ve got used to getting up very early .我(过去)在暑假期间常常起得很晚,但现在习惯了起得很早。
24、He is sitting in the front of the car and can see a pond clearly in front of the car.他坐在轿车前部可以清楚地看见有一个池塘在前面。
25、Last year, my total income, with my reward added to, added up to 15000yuan.去年我的总收入,加上奖金,总计为一万五千元。
26、The bed made of wood is mad up of three separate parts.这张(由)木制的床由三部分组成。
27、Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。
28、We were all deeply shocked when we heard that some workers were deep in the well.当我们得知一些工人被深埋井下时都深感震惊。
29、His life was in danger when facing the dangerous tiger.面对危险的老虎,他的生命处于危险之中。
30、He lives alone in a lonely mountain village, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他独自一人住在一个偏僻的山村里,但并不觉得孤独。
31、——David has made great progress recently.最近戴维进步很大。
——So he has, and so have you.他确实进步很大,你也是。
32、Gibert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.吉波特发现了电,然而是爱迪生发明了电灯。
33、For once we heard a loud noise so we stood at once.有一次我们听到一声巨响,都立刻站了起来。
34、I read the newspaper and read of his death.我读了报纸,得知他死去的消息。
35、She looked for her cellphone everywhere and found it at last.她到处找她的手机,最后找着了。
36、Whatever David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to live with him whatever (no matter what) happens.对海伦来说,无论戴维说什么(名词性从句)都是对的。这就是为什么她决心无论发生什么事(状语从句)都要和他在一起。
37、An ordinary worker in Beijing earns 1800 yuan a month, which is common nowadays.北京一个普通工人一个月能赚一千八百元,如今也很常见了。
38、He went specially to see her in
such an especially hot summer.在这样一个特别炎热的夏天,他特意地去看她。
39、A respectable man is one who is worthy of being respected.一个令人尊敬的人是值得受人尊敬的。
40、Though he is not young any longer, he has a youthful attitude towards life.尽管他已不再年轻,他对人生仍有年轻人般的态度。
41、One may have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which constitute one’s character.一个人可能只有一种“性格”,但可能有多种“特征,特点”,所有这些“特征特点”便构成了一个人“总的特征,品质”。
42、It is possible(有可能) but not probable (很可能)that it will rain before evening.傍晚前可能下雨,但不见得会下。
43、Electronic games don’t have many effects on grown-ups but affect students a great deal.电子游戏对成年人影响不大,但是对学生影响很大。
44、Sometimes changes take place in matter and the substances never return to their former condition.有时物质(总称,不可数)发生变化,(这些具体的物质,可数)再也不会恢复到原来的状态。
45、The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her. 医生用一种新药为她治头痛,但没把她治好。
46、He worked no more than (仅仅,只有)a week, so he could get not more than (至多,不超过)100 yuan. 他只干了一个星期,因此他至多能得到一百元。
47、I used to be dependent on my parents. Now I’m independent of them. 我从前一切都依赖父母,现在我独立了。
48、You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it. 看书可能使你疲劳,但不应该对看书感到厌烦。
49、Here is another tip: Don’t touch the tip with the tips of your fingers. 还有一条提示:别用手指尖摸小费。
50、He is shooting at a bird, but he doesn’t shoot it.他向一只鸟射击,但没有射中。
51、Anything imaginary is the products of an imaginative person’s mind.任何虚构的东西都是有想象力的人的产物。
好的例句不仅能够凸现需讲解的语言项目的意义、句法特征、搭配及其运用等内容,而且能将特定词汇的讲解与相应的语境发生联系,让学习者一接触目标词汇就建立深刻的感知印象,从而加深记忆,促进词汇的储存和提取。
我们的目标例句所具有的特点是:“用精炼的语境凸现形近词或近义词的语义和句法关键特征。”如果我们动动脑筋,这样的例句还有很多,如:
52、Considering Tom (to be) fit for the office, the boss considered taking him on.认为汤姆称职,老板考虑雇用他。
53、My father is an officer in the army, while his father is an official in the government.我爸爸是部队里的军官,而他爸爸是政府官员。
54、She had borne two children but they were born deaf.她生了两个孩子,但他
们生来就聋。主动语态中,只能用borne,在被动语态中由引导行为主体要用borne,其他情况用born。
55、One may be conscious of fear, but not altogether aware of the danger which is going on about him.人们可能会心感恐惧,但并不能全然察觉到周围将发生什么危险。
56、You shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all, he is a child after all; above all, he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那男孩,他毕竟还是个孩子;更重要的是,他总共才出了两次错。At all根本; after all毕竟; above all首先; in all总共。
57、This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated(=to be translated).这篇文章很值得一读,但不值得翻译。
58、I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.我发现给孩子提建议的最好的办法是先弄明白他们想做什么,然后再建议他们去做什么。Find指一种客观结果,
find out实指主观有意识的找出、查明。
59、I have kept company with him for five years, and I enjoy his company. Now we’re working in the same company.我和他结交已经五年了,我喜欢与他在一起。现在,我们在同一个公司工作。company公司;同伴;keep company with与---结交
62、She is very strict not only with all of us, but in all her own work..她不仅对我们都很严格,对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
63、Questions are easy to answer but it is hard to solve the problems.回答问题容易,但要解决这些问题很难。
64、The reason for his departure was that he wanted to look into the cause of the accident.他离开的缘由是想调查事故的原因。
65、Everybody in the class ( besides the teacher) except Li Ming himself thinks that the composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.班里的人(甚至老师)除了李明本人都认为这作文除了一些拼写错误之外,写的不错。
66、The man who used to work in a chemical works is now a chemistry teacher.那个过去在化工厂工作的人现在是一个化学老师。
67、The writer went to the village every day
so as to get familiar with the everyday life there.作家每天去那村子,为的是想了解那儿的日常生活。
68、People generally quarrel because they cannot argue.人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。
69、I saw a saw saw a log into four.我看到一把锯把一根木头锯成了四块。
70、A number of teachers are present today, the number of them is 300.许多教师今天都出席了,(数量)有300人。
71、I would like to go out for a walk; I like walking in the rain.我想出去散散步,我喜欢在雨中行走。
72、A reason explains why you do something. A cause makes something happen. Reason 解释做某事的原因,cause(导致)某事发生。
73、The wet wood on the fire was on fire an
hour ago.一小时前在炉子上的湿木头着火了。
74、The policeman seized the thief who snatched the girl’s purse.警察抓住了抢那个女孩钱包的小偷。
75、It would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip, it is the chance of a lifetime.让这样千载难逢的(好)机会溜掉,实在是太愚蠢了。
76、The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.敌兵四处逃窜,但很少能逃出去。
77、At last we found him in a trap in the forest, still living but not alive.最后我们在森林里的陷阱里找到他的时候,他虽然还活着,但已是奄奄一息。
78、I often attend meeting and sometimes I take part in its discussion.我经常出席会议,有时参加大会的讨论。
79、Though we lost the first two games, we managed to win the match at last.尽管我们输了前两场,但最终还是赢得了这场比赛的胜利。
80、The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises, and the students are preparing for the final examination.老师正在准备复习用的练习,而学生们正在为期末考试做准备。
81、Have you read Steinway’s latest novel? It’s much better than his last one. 你读过斯坦威的最新小说吗?比他的上一部小说好多了。
82、“Is there (any) room for me to sit down here?” “Yes, there’s a place in the corner.” “这里有我坐的地方吗?”“是的,在角上有。”
83、Yesterday I beat John at chess. He won only one set, while I won two sets.昨天我和约翰下棋,赢了他。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。
84、When no more letters came from her, I knew she was no longer in Canada.当她没有信来时,我就知道她不再在加拿大了。
85、In order to keep the children from swimming in sea, he keeps them staying at home all day.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他让他们整天呆在家里。
86、I threw a stone to Tom and he picked it up and threw it at the dog.我把一块石头扔给汤姆,他拾起那块石头打狗。
87、Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做一下医学检查。
88、Their reform is a decided victory, but whether it is a decisive one only time can tell.他们的改革取得了成功,但是否决定性的胜利只能用时间来回答。
89、In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a book.在办公室的角落里有一张桌子,在桌角上放着一本书。
90、My favorite TV show has a favorable review in the newspaper.我特别喜爱的电视节目得到报纸的好评。
91、Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it.布莱克先生不敢爬树,因为他怕从树上掉下来。
92、The manager was angry at seeing his employee murmuring in the office then warned them not to whispe
r again.经理看到员工在办公室里窃窃私语非常生气,于是警告他们不要再私下交谈。
93、Mrs. Smith, you can’t take as much the fruit as freely though they are free today.斯密斯夫人,尽管这些水果今天免费,但也不能不受限制拿那么多。
94、He took my bag in error, while I took yours by mistake.他不巧错拿了我的包,而我错拿了你的包。
95、The little girl is fond of ice cream but she doesn’t like ice cream today.这小女孩一向喜爱冰淇淋,但今天却不喜欢。
96、He got up early so as to catch the train. And in order to rise early, he set the alarm clock the previous night.他起的很早,为的是能赶上那趟火车;而为了能早起,他前天晚上就定了闹钟。
97、Since I’m not nearly ready, I have almost nothing to say.由于远没有准备好,我几乎没什么可说的。
98、Joe is a computer fan-he likes surfing the Internet all the time and playing computer games.乔是个电脑迷,他喜欢上网,喜欢玩电脑游戏。
99、The majority of people are against the plan. I mean, most of the people are against the plan.大多数人都反对这计划。
100、Compared with your ***, mine is ***.I often compare it to ***.与你的***相比,我的是***。我常把它比作***。
范文三:英语的被动句
被动句
语态是句子中表明主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种语法手段。如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,则为主动语态,若主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者,则为被动语态。主动和被动两种语态在英汉两种语言中都存在,但使用的情况不同。
英语被动结构用得十分广泛,尤其是在科普性的文章及正式文体中,几乎所有的及物动词和部分由不及物动词+介词构成的短语,如look after,account for,depend on,insist on等,均可用于被动结构。英语使用被动结构的情况有:
1)不知道行为者是谁或不必说明行为者是谁。例如:
The book has already been translated into many languages.
这本书已译成了好几国语言。
2)对行为对象比对行为者更感兴趣。例如:
The work must be finished before Christmas.
这个工作必须在圣诞节前完成。
3)为了某种缘故不愿说出行为者是谁。例如:
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
大家认为这样做是不妥当的。
4)为了便于连贯上下文及安排上的需要。例如:
They are going to build an apartment house here next year. It is going to be built the
Office Building.
他们明年在这里要修建一座住宅楼,就修在办公楼旁边。
汉语虽也有被动结构,但使用范围狭窄得多。上述四种情况,汉语均可不使用被动结构。汉语不强调主语和谓语的逻辑关系,存在被动关系而并不采用被动句的情况经常出现,如:The problem has been solved. 问题解决了。这是英汉两种语言之间另一个显著的差异。汉语中大多数的被动意义可以通过形式上主动而意义上被动的句式来表达。由于英汉两种语言在语态上的这种差异,我们在英汉翻译时,需要进行语态上的转换,否则一概将原文中的被动句译成“被??”,则会使译文晦涩、生硬,有悖于汉语的表达习惯。
将英语中的被动句译成汉语时,可以有多种方法,如将被动句直接转换成主动句,或保留句中的被动语态,将其译成汉语中的被动句等。
3.1 采用多种被动词
除去“被??”外,汉语中存在丰富的被动表达方式,如“受??”“遭??”“由??”“给??”“为??所”“予以??”“加以??”等,可以根据汉语表达习惯使用恰当的表达方式。例如:
⑴ Members of congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and
cities are elected by popular vote.
国会议员、总统、州政府官员以及县长、市长均由民众投票选举。
⑵ Our foreign policy is supported by people all over the world.
我国的外交政策受到了全世界人民的支持。
3.2 采用原主语,省略被动词
如果原句并不强调被动动作,或者汉语中该说法没有被动词依然通顺,可以省略被动词。例如:
⑴ The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.
全球核冲突的危险性已经大大减小。
⑵ The euro was inspired by the idea of creating “a country called Europe”.
欧元诞生于“欧洲一体化”的设想。
3.3 变主语为宾语,变被动句为主动句
1)主语+谓语+状语 结构的被动句
根据汉语习惯,该结构中时间状语或地点状语需要前置,如果保持被动句结构,状语+主语+谓语,谓语位于尾端,头重脚轻;如果译为主动句,结构调整为:状语+谓语+宾语(原主语),谓语仍然处于中间位置,句子可以保持平衡。例如:
⑴ Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.
一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影。
⑵ In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so
started the famous Gold Rush.
1849年加州旧金山市附近的山里发现了黄金,由此开始了有名的淘金热。
3.4 变被动句为主动句,增添主语
英语中有一类以“it”作为形式主语的句子,在译文中一般处理成主动形式。有时不用增加主语,如:
It is said that … 据说??
It must be admitted … 必须承认?? It is reported that … 据报道?? It must be pointed out that … 必须指出?? 有时必须加上不确定的主语,如“有人”、“大家”、“人们”、“我们”等。
It is believed that … 有人(我们、人们)相信(认为)??
It is generally considered … 大家认为??
It is well-known that … 大家知道??,众所周知??
⑴ The USA is reputed to be a classless society.
人们都说美国是个无阶级社会。
⑵ It is believed that nuclear power is among the greatest innovations of our time. But it is
also feared it will bring the end of the world.
我们相信核能是当代最伟大的发明之一,但是我们也担忧核能会带来世界末日。
范文四:英语被动句学习
(四)被动语态的用法
1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法,有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的,这时就用被动语态。例如:
I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点紧张。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。
That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。
2、说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态
He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。
还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子):
It is said that……. 据说
It is reported that……. 据报道
It is hoped that……. 希望
It is believed that……. 人们相信
It is announced that……. 据宣布
it is (well) known that……. 众所周知
It has been decided that……. 已经决定
It is supposed that……. 人们认为
It is suggested that……. 有人建议
It must be remembered that……. 务必记住
It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然
(五)主动句变被动句的注意事项
一是时态不能改变;二是变为被动语态后,谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动:把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在
by的后面,组成介词短语,再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。例如:
They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。
The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告,要当心老鼠。
如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。
The reporters asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语)
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)
We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。
He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)
A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)
范文五:英语被动句翻译
英语被动句翻译技巧
注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达,如:You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句:请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。例如: What is feared as failure in American society is,above all,loneliness.(在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧的,莫过于孤独了。)
注意长句的翻译。首先不要被长句吓住,即使是很长的句子,也是由最基本的成分组成。分析句子的基本成分,主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分,然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法关系,再进行翻译。值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。关系分句主要功能是作名词(词组)的后置修饰语(即定语),但除作名词修饰语外,关系分句还可起其他作用,比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用,因此译成汉语时要注意,限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后,汉语则将其置于先行项(antecedent)的前边,使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子,如:I want a wife who will work and send me to school.(我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆)。有的句子过长,前置会显得累赘,或不符合汉语的习惯,这样我们翻译时将从句后置,把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。如:I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me.(我想要个老婆,她不会以妻子的义务来打搅我,而是始终听命于我。)
非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的关系。就其意义上来说,在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句,有时在语义上起状语分句的作用,翻译时可将其后置译成并列句,例如:
The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.(太阳温暖了大地,这才使植物有可能生长。)也可以完全脱离主句,译成独立句。如:She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.(她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。)
Exercises: Put the following into Chinese:
①It is reported that they have found another star.
②It happens that I have my check-book with me.
③It is likely that he will succeed.
④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.
⑤She was advised to take the medicine。
⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown. ⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.
⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film, which was about World War II. Key to the exercises:
①据报道,他们又发现了一颗星。
②碰巧我带着支票簿。
?③很可能他将成功。
④我们必须十点钟前到达是个问题。
⑤她被劝告吃药。
⑤她告诉我她的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。 ⑦我将永远不会忘记我来这所大学的那一天。
⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的电影,是关于二次世界大战的
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