520夜袭寡妇村
范文一：2017年考研英语模拟题
2017年考研英语模拟题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1
should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several
job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve
4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible
training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent
vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that
matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work
in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for
12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students —or their parents for them —choose the
professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely
high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar ” job is
15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a
large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious
18 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life
and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction.
Some want security; others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its
demands as well as its rewards.
1. [A] identification [B] entertainment [C] accommodation [D] occupation
2. [A] however [B] therefore [C] though [D] thereby
3. [A] entirely [B] mainly [C] partly [D] his
4. [A] its [B] his [C] our [D] their
5. [A] since [B] therefore [C] furthermore [D] forever
6. [A] make [B] fit [C] take [D] leave
7. [A] job [B] way [C] means [D] company
8. [A] to [B] for [C] without [D] with
9. [A] little [B] few [C] much [D] a lot
10. [A] chance [B] basis [C] purpose [D] opportunity
11. [A] apply [B] appeal [C] stick [D] turn
12. [A] our [B] its [C] your [D] their
13. [A] concerning [B] following [C] considering [D] disregarding
14. [A] preferences [B] requirements [C] tendencies [D] ambitions
15. [A] a [B] any [C] no [D] the
16. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Nevertheless [D] Moreover
17. [A] majority [B] mass [C] minority [D] multitude
18. [A] proposal [B] suggestion [C] consideration [D] appraisal
19. [A] towards [B] against [C] out of [D] without
20. [A] turns [B] parts [C] choices [D] risks
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Text 1
The “new economic order” is a global one. Policymakers, educators, business, and industry are all
concerned with strengthening the United States for competition in this new arena. Career education has generally
focused on helping people understand the relationship between education and work and acquire employability
skills. Now people need assistance in realizing the opportunities and meeting the challenges of the international
workplace.
The evolving global economy is based on a number of factors: decreasing transportation and communications costs, new political structures and economic alliances. The most important influence is the
emergence of flexible, information-based technologies. Profound economic and social
changes are creating new
market standards (productivity, quality, variety, customization, convenience, timeliness) and integrating
producers and consumers into network for delivering goods and services globally or locally. Meeting these
standards requires great changes in organizational structures, skill needs, and jobs.
According to Carnevale, competitive organizations will be characterized by productivity, flexibility, speed,
affordable quality, and customer focus. Many organizations will emphasize closely integrated workgroups,
teamwork, and shared information. The need for certain types of workers is being reduced or eliminated. At the
same time, freer movement of some workers across national borders is escalating; other workers may engage in
“electronic immigration,” interacting through telecommunications with their employers in other countries.
The global economy will influence people ’s lives whether or not they are employed in international firms.
In the new economy, nations compete not only with each other’s economic systems, but also with each other’s
research and development and educational systems. Global events affect domestic economies.
Other characteristics of work in the new economy also have implications for career development. Managers
will become brokers/facilitators; there will be more technical specialists, and shorter, flatter career ladders.
Instead of the old-style division of labor into discrete tasks, job functions will converge, and work teams will
consist of individuals who alternate expert, brokering, and leadership roles. Rewards will be based more on the
performance of teams and networks.
A number of the skills needed for work in the global economy are reflected in current curricular emphases
such as development of critical thinking skills, tech prep, the integration of vocational and academic education.
Career educators can collaborate with vocational and academic educator and employers in documenting the need
for these skills and infusing them in a multidisciplinary approach. As Zwerling puts it, “the best liberal education
may come to be seen as career education; the best career education may be seen to be liberal education. ” The
challenges of the global economy are an opportunity not only for work organizations to redesign themselves
across reenvision ways to prepare people for life and for work.
21. In face of the evolving global economy, the author suggests that the emphasis on career education be
shifted to .
[A] facilitating the acquisition of employability skills
[B] strengthening the United States for competition with other countries
[C] preparing people for the challenges of the international workplace
[D] understanding flexible and information-based technologies
答案解析
1.[答案] [D]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 上一句说：大部分有价值的职业都需要专门的训练。这一句的意思应为：怕以，从理论上来说，在选择
中学的课程之前，就应选择好职业。[A] identification “身份证明”，[B] entertainment “娱乐”，[C]
accommodation “膳宿”，此三项与上下文毫无关系;[D] occupation 职业，符合题意，为正确答案。
2.[答案] [A]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 空格前的句意为：理想的情况是，在选择中学的课程之前就应选择好职业。空格后的句意为：现实生活
中，大部分人一生中要换好几个工作。这是现实与理想的对比，两者之间是有差异的，是转折关系，因
而需选[A]however“但是”。[B] therefore“所以”，表因果关系;[C] though“尽管”，表让步的转折;
[D] thereby“因此”，表因果。以上三项皆不合题意。
3.[答案] [C]
[考点] 固定搭配
[分析] 此句解释了人们换多个工作的原因，空格后有 partly 一词，说明前面也应是 partly ，构成 partly ?and partly
“部分是??部分是??”的结构，因此选[C]partly。此句意为：部分原因是经济和产业上的变化，部分
原因是为了提高地位。[A] entirely“完全地”，[B] mainly“主要地”，[D] his“他的”，都不合题意。
4.[答案] [D]
[考点] 代词的用法
[分析] 空格处需用一物主代词，承前指代主语 they ，因此应选[D] their.
5.[答案] [B]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 上句说“完美的工作”是不存在的。此句认为年轻人应该参加涉及面广、弹性强的培训计划。由于存在
前一句所述的事实，所以才有后一句的建议，这两者是因果关系，因而需选[B] therefore
“所以”。[A] since
“既然”，引导原因从句;[C] furthermore“更加”, 表进一步的说明;[D] forever“永远”。
6.[答案] [B]
[考点] 固定搭配
[分析] 此处要表达的意思为：这项计划将会使他们适应某一领域的工作，而不仅仅是某一项工作。因而应选[B]
fit, 构成 fit ?for “使适应”的结构。[A] make“制造”，[C] take“拿”，[D] leave“离开”，此三项都不
合题意。
7.[答案] [A]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 本文通篇讲的都是工作问题，显然，此处应填入表示“工作”的词，构成这样的句意：使他们适应某一
领域的工作，而不仅仅是某一项工作。因而[A]job“工作”正确。
8.[答案] [C]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 空格处需一介词引导名词作状语，表伴随情况，四选项中只有[C]withou 与[D] with 有此功能，但句首的
unfortunately 这一提示语表明事实并不是理想中那样，因而只有选[C] without，构成的句意为：不幸的是，
很多年轻人在没有得到高明的职业顾问或心理学家的指导前，就不得不做出职业计划。这一句话同时也
是本段的中心句。[A] to 和[B] for 在此都不合题意。
9.[答案] [A]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 根据上一句话，即本段的中心句可知，年轻人在没有人指导的情况下，对所选择的职业应该知之甚少，
因而备选答案只有[A]little和[B]few，但 few 用来修饰可数名词，不合题意，故[A]little 为正确选项。[C]much
“很多”，[D]a lot“很多”，都不合题意。
10.[答案] [B]
[考点] 固定搭配
[分析] 此句意为：他们对该职业和自身情况都知之甚少，在毫无计划的情况上，就选择了一生的职业。表示
“在??基础上”的固定搭配是 on ?basis ，因而本题应选[B] basis。[A] chance“机遇”，
[C] purpose“目
的”，[D] opportunity“机会”，此三项都不合题意。
11.[答案] [B]
[考点] 固定搭配
[分析] 此句意为：其他人死抱着自己并不喜欢也不胜任的工作不放。[A]apply to“适用于”，如：His answer does
not apply to the test question. ”他的回答不合题意。”[B] appeal to“吸引”，如：This proposal doesn ’t appeal
to me.“这项建议并不能吸引我。”[C] stick to“坚持，坚守”，如：stick to a post“坚守一个岗位”。[D]
turn to“求助于”，如：He turns to his teacher when he has any problem in study.“学习有困难时，他就向
老师求助。”此四项中，只有形成对比，说明这两种状态都是不对的。
12.[答案] [B]
[考点] 代词的用法
[分析] 该空格处的代词指代的应是 occupation ，因而需选[B] its，其他三项都不合题意。该句意为：年轻人普
遍会犯这样的错误，他们选择某职业是为了它那真实存在的或仅仅是想象中的名声和地位。
13.[答案] [D]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 此句是对上句“一个错误”的补充。空格前说：太多的中学生，或他们的父母代替他们选择职业。空
格后的文意是：该职业所需人员少，且需高学历和高素质的人才。所以空格处应选意为“不管，不顾”
的词，这样才能连接好空格前后的意思，所以[D] disregarding 为正确答案，构成如下意思：太多的中学
生，或他们的父母代替他们选择职业，而对该职业所需人员少、且需高学历和高素质的人才这一现实置
之不理。[A] concerning“有关的”，[B] following“跟随”，[C] considering“考虑”，此三项皆不合题意。
14.[答案] [B]
[考点] 词义辨析
[分析] 此空格处需构成的意义为：此项工作对学历和个人素质都有极高的要求。因而
[B] requirements
“要求“为正确答案。[A] preferences”偏爱“，[C] tendencies”倾向“，[D] ambitions”雄心壮志“，
15.[答案] [C]
[考点] 固定用法
[分析] 此句是对上述错误做法的驳斥，意为：某职业想象中的或真实的名声或一个“白领“工作根本就不是
将其作为终生职业的好理由。因而[A] a good reason“一个好理由”，不合题意;[B] any good reason“任
何好理由”，也不对;[C] no good reason“根本不是好理由”，符合题意，为正确答案;[D] the good reason
“这个好理由”，不合题意。
16.[答案] [D]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 此句意义为：这些工作的待遇不一定总是很好。这是对年轻人择业误区的进一步的说明，在意义上比
上一句更进了一步，因而[D]Moreover 为正确答案。[A] Therefore “所以”，表因果关
系;[B] However
“但是”，表转折;[C] Nevertheless“然而”，表转折。以上三项皆不合题意。
17.[答案] [A]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 空格前由 since 引出了一原因从句：由于技术工作和体力工作占了劳力市场的一大部分。那么，空格处
相应的填入[A] majority, 构成“大部分的年轻人应考虑选择这些行业”之意。所以[A] majority 为正确答
案。[B] mass“大量，大宗”，此空格前有定冠词 the, 但在文中无所指，且无“大部分人”之意，所以
为错误选项;[C] minority“小部分”，不合题意;[D] multitude“许多人，大群人”, 与[B]一样，也不合
题意。
18.[答案] [C]
[考点] 惯用法搭配
[分析] 此句意为：大部分的年轻人都应认真考虑这些领域的工作。表示“认真考虑”，四个选项中只有
[C]consideration 正确，即：give serious consideration to。其他选项，[A]proposal“提议”，
[B]suggestion
“建议”，[D]appraisal“评估”，都不合题意。
19.[答案] [C]
[考点] 上下文关系
[分析] 此句意为：在作出决定之前，他应该要了解自己想从生活中得到什么，又愿意为之付出多大的劳动。[A]
towards “向”;[B] against”反对”;[C] out of “从??中”;[D] without”没有”。此四项中[C] out of 最合适，
构成 want out of life“想从生活中得到”，其他都不合题意。
20.[答案] [D]
[考点] 固定用法
[分析] 此句意为：有些人想要稳定，而另外一些人则为了金钱愿意冒险。Take risks 为惯用法，意为“冒风险”，
因而应选[D] risks。[A] take turns“依次，轮流”，不合题意;[B] parts 和[C] choices 也都不合题意。
Part A 答案
21. [C] 意为：使人们准备好迎接国际劳务市场的挑战。
第一段提到，“新经济秩序”是全球性的，政策制定者、教育家、商界、企业界都想加强这个新秩序下美
国的竞争力，就业教育通常关注的是帮助人们理解教育和就业之间的关系，使之获得就业技能，但是，人们现
在需要的是把握机会，迎接国际劳务市场的挑战。本段最后一句实际上表达了作者的观点，回答了在新经济秩
序下，就业教育的 focus 应该是什么。注意：本文中提到的 new economic order, evolving global economy, global
economy, the new economy 实际上都是指“全球化经济”。
[A] 意为：有助于就业技能的获得。根据第一段第三句，这是传统职业教育的内容。
[D] 意为：使人们理解灵活的、以信息为基础的技术。
22.[B] 意为：新的市场标准。
第二段第三、四句提到，深刻的经济和社会变化正在创建新的市场标准(包括高的生产率和质量的标准，
产品多样化，以客户为中心，方便、及时的服务) ，这些变化正在将生产者和消费者联成一个提供产品和服务的全
球性或地区性网络。满足这些标准需要组织结构、工作技能和就业方式的巨大变化。可见，所需要的工作技能的转
变，是新的市场标准所导致的。
23.[C] 意为：由社会分工造成的更专门化的工作。
第三段提到了协作和团队精神(closely integrated work groups, teamwork)的重要性，因此选择项[A]表达的
内容是正确的。
第四段提到，在新的经济时代，国家不仅展开经济体制上的竞争，而且展开研究、开发、教育体制上的竞
争，因此选择项[D]表达的内容是正确的。
第五段提到，新经济时代的其他特点也影响着职业发展。经理将成为经纪人或服务商，将会有更多的技术
专家; 工作上的升迁将变得更短、更平(含义是：上下级之间的升迁将变得容易、频繁); 老式的工作细分不复存
在(因此选择项[C]表达的内容不正确) ，取而代之的是各种工作职能的融合，工作团队中的个体不断更换角色，
时而做专家，时而做经纪人，时而做领导。工作奖励更多地视小组和整个网络的工作表现而定。因此[B](工作者
在不同角色间转换的能力) 表达的内容是正确的。
24.[D] 意为：提高学生的学术能力。
最后一段提到了通识教育(liberal education) 和职业教育的结合问题。作者指出，就业教育者可以同职业教
育者、学术教育工作者以及雇主合作，确立所需要的这些技能，以多学科的教育方式培养这些技能。可见，这里所
说的“通识教育”是相对于“就业教育”而言，是一种 academic education 。实际上，上一句已经提到了这个词组。
[B] 意为：超越传统界限。[C] 意为：促进学生独立思维和批判性思维的能力。
25.[A] 意为：新时代的工作和就业教育特征。
第一段最后一句实际上提出了本文的主旨。中间各段提到了新时代的工作和就业教育的特点，最后一段是
对全文的总结，指出了通识教育和就业教育相结合迎接新时代的挑战的必要性。
26.[D] 意为：对有关发展问题的讨论刊载不够多。
第二段提到，发展问题之所以在经济学课程和报刊文章中没有受到应有的重视，是由几个原因造成的。多
数经济学家和记者居住在工业化国家，在那里，发展问题已经不再是严重的问题。由此
推断，西方国家(工业化国
家) 的报纸不重视发展问题，当然具体表现自然是在报纸对这样的问题讨论不够。[C] 意为：不重视经济活动中个
体的创造力。
27.[B] 意为：它更适宜于解释有规律的现象。
第二段提到发展问题不受重视的另一个原因。作者认为，经济学的分析工具在处理发展问题上存在问题，
因为个体的创造力是发展的一个重要因素。某个个体必须看准机会，并决定如何利用这些机会。就其本质而言，创
造力几乎无法在理论中体现，理论试图解释的是规律性，但是，创造力的本质在于其创新作用，即创生出一种不合
规律的现象。这里说的 theories 当指经济学理论，这里谈的当然是经济学理论的内在缺陷。 [A] 它从来不考虑个体
活动。
28.[A] 意为：政府对个体创造力(的发挥) 制定了正确的激励政策。
第三段提到，就促生和支持经济发展的条件而言，20 世纪提供了某些有趣的实验。根据本段第三句，这里
所说的 conditions 实际上指政府制定的激励制度。第四段更是对这种激励制度的影响进行了详细说明。 [B] 意为：
各种因素共同作用促进经济发展。文章强调了一种因素‐‐‐激励制度的关键作用。[C] 意为：允许对激励制度开展不
同实验。
范文二：2011年考研英语模拟题
考研英语模拟题
Section I:Cloze test (10 points)
Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the 1 of strangers for the rest of their
lives. Their 2 children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any 3 visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth 4
story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care 5 elderly
people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied 6 the American family is
changing. He reported that by the time the 7 American couple reaches 40 years
of age, they have more parents than children. 8 , because people today live
longer after an illness than people did years 9 , family members must
provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers 10
a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best 11 for
the job. In other words, they all felt that they 12 do the job better than anyone
else. Social workers 13 caregivers to find out why they took 14
the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had
15 to help their relative. Some stated that helping others 16 them feel more
useful. Others hoped that by helping 17 now, they would deserve care when
they became old and 18 . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a 19 satisfying experience for everyone who might be 20 .
1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes 2.A.growing B.grown C.being grown D.having grown 3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal 4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery 5.A.that B.this C.those D.these 6.A.when B.how C.what D.where 7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average 8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas 9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately 10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent 11.A.person B.people C.character D.man 12.A.would B.will C.could D.can 13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate
14.A.in B.up C.on D.off 15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation 16.A.cause B.enable C.make D.get 17.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.anybody 18.A.elderly B.dependent C.dependable D.independent 19.A.similarly B.differently C.mutually D.certainly 20.A.involved B.excluded C.included D.co Section II Reading comprehension (50 points)
Part A
Passage 1
There are three kinds of goals: short,term，medium,range and long,term
goals.Short,range goals are those that usually deal with current activities，which we
can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less，or two
weeks，or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ，out long,term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short,term goals.Upon completing our short,term
goals，we should date the occasion and then add new short,term goals that will build
on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short,range goals.They might
deal with just one term of school or the entire school year，or they could even extend
for several years.Any time you move a step at a time，you should never allow yourself
to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step，you will enforce
the belief in your ability to grow and succeed.And as your list of completion dates
grow，your motivation and desire will increase.
Long,range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long,term goal to
limit us or our course of action.
21. Our long,term goals mean a lot__.
a. if we complete our short,range goals b. if we cannot reach solid short,
term goals
c. if we write down the dates d. if we put forward some plans 22. New short,term goals are build upon__.
a. two years b. long,term goals c. current activities
d. the goals that have been completed
23. When we complete each step of our goals ，__.
a. we will win final success b. we are overwhelmed
c. we should build up confidence of success d. we should strong desire for setting new goals
24. Once our goals are drawn up，__.
a. we should stick to them until we complete them
b. we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities
c. we had better wait for the exciting news of success
d. we have made great decision
5. It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.
a. those who have long,term goals will succeed
b. writing down the dates may discourage you
c. the goal is only a guide for us to reach our destination
d. every should have a goal
Passage 2
There are two factors which determine an individual?s intelligence. The first is
the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably， some being more
capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with， an
individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in
which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally ，it is likely that
his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual?s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins， Peter and Mark X. Being
identical， the twins had identical brains at birth， and their growth processes were
the same. When the twins were three months old ， their parents died， and they were
placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well,to,do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child ， sent to
good schools， and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens， when
they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark?s I.Q. was 125， twenty,
five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities ， the twins ， having identical brains，would
have tested at roughly the same level.
26. This selection can best be titled_________.
a. Measuring Your Intelligence b. Intelligence and Environment
c. The Case of Peter and Mark d. How the brain Influences Intelligence 27. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.
a. human brains differ considerably
b. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
c. environment is crucial in determining a person?s intelligence
d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence 28. According to the passage ， the average I.Q.is _____.
a. 85 b. 100 c. 110 d.125
29. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.
a. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
b. an individual?s intelligence is determined only by his environment
c. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
d. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain 30. This passage suggests that an individual ?s I.Q.______.
a. can be predicted at birth
b. stays the same throughout his life
c. can be increased by education
d. is determined by his childhood
Passage 3:
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the economy of a well,fed，
almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms， the country escaped any
postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. An economic survey of the year 1955， a typical year of the 1950?s， may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers
was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country?s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that
is about 700 million dollars a day ，or about twenty,five million dollars every
hour ， all round the clock. Sixty,five million people held jobs and only a little
more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid,1920?s . As farmer?s share of their products declined ，
marketing costs rose. But there were ， among the observers of the national
economy， a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the opposite,
depression.
31. What is the best title of the passage,
a. The Agricultural Trends of 1950?s b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950?s
c. U.S Economy in the 50?s d. The Federal Budget of 1952
32. In Line 4 ， the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.
a. nearby explosion b. thunderous noise
c. general public support d. rapid economic growth
33. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.
a. confidence b. confusion c. disappointment d. suspicion 34. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950?s,
a. Economists b. Farmers c. Politicians d. Steelworkers
35. The passage states that income available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950. How much was it ,
a. 60, b. 50, c. 33, d. 90,
Passage 4:
In the 1960s， many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities ， which they called "communes，"
where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built dome shaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups， such as author Ken Kesey?s Merry Pranksters，
the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin， and a group that called itself the
Hog Farm， lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin?s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee， but
they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.
Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing，"however . Twin
Oaks， a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s， was based on the ideas of
psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner?s "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972， Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti， a
utopian city Arizona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology". Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.
36.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of society during the 1960s,
a.They were not satisfied with American society.
b.They wanted to grow marijuana.
c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.
d.They did not want all people to be equal.
37.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live,
a.In dome,shaped house b.In old school houses
c.On a farm in Tennessee d.In an archology in Arizona
38.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome,shaped house,
a.Paolo Soleri b.B.G.Skinner c.Steve Gaskin d.Buckminster Fuller
39.What was the Twin Oaks commune based on ,
a.The philosophy of "do your own thing" b.Virginia in the late 1960s c.The ideas of psychologist d.The belief that people must live closely together.
40.What is an "archology",
a.A person who studies archaeology
b.A large building where people live closely together
c.A city in Arizona
d.A technique to control people
Passage 5
Liberia, the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica, has been struggling for survial ever since its foundation in 1822.Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century, and the West Africans whose ancestors never left the continent. Though the two groups are of the same race, they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.
In addition, neighboring states, native tribel,disease, and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet.Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when,in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's sruvival. However, not until Harvey Firestone, the American rubber king,decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber----with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations----did liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget.
The rubber industry,founded in the 1920's ,and the activity that followed it brought both progerss and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roads, no mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education and few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this reason, the recent discovery of iron ore is important. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's political and economic independence.
41.Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because______.
a.the american negroes do not want to help the country.
b.there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in the country.
c.there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of the same tride.
d.the goverment has adoped a wrong policy
42."The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet." to make ends meet" means_______.
a. the goverment has to borrow money from others
b. the goverment has to lend money to others
c. the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend money
d. the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money
43.The country's finance began to improve a bit in________.
a.1822 b.1910 c.1920 d.1920's
44.The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in_______.
a.a total agreement b.a total disagreement c.a hostility d.not a total agreement
45.The best title for this passage is_______.
a. American Negroes in West Africa b. Liberia----- a poor country
c. Liberia and its development d. Liberia ----a country with rich rubber and iron
Part B:Translation (10 points)
China has been through a wrenching series of changes and experiments. (1) It is not for me, or for others in America, to tell China what its economic system should be.
What works best for China will be a system rooted in China itself-in Chinese customs and traditions and ways of doing things. (2) The proof of any system lies in its results: in the extent to which it provides for the people more of what those people want. What the people of China want will not be in all respects the same as what the people of the United States would want. But in some respects it will be the same. The bottom lines test of any economic system is whether it works. (3) An economic system that works is one that creates incentives to produce, and provides a fair distribution of what is produced. What incentives will work, what distribution is seen to be “fair”---these are questions that different cultures may answer differently, and that even the same culture may answer differently in different periods of history or at different stages of its development.
Among the great nations, the United States? economic system is the most successful in history in producing prosperity. The Chinese system is the most successful in history in producing equality. (4)The challenge we both face is to avoid forcing people to make a hard choice between a system at one extreme which provides equality but would perpetuate poverty and one at the other extreme which provides prosperity but would ignore poverty. Poverty is too high a price to pay for
either equality or prosperity. China?s challenge is to support the principle of equality
without destroying the productivity of the people. America?s challenge is to provide prosperity which gives all an opportunity to escape from poverty. (5) Our systems are profoundly different, but in long view our goal of a better life for all our people is the same.
Section III: Writing(30 points)
Part A
Directions:
There is an error in an English magazine that you feel must be corrected. Write a letter to the editor to point out the mistake, suggest correction, and express your interests in the magazine.
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Part B
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its symbolic meaning, and 3) give your
comments.
答案及解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】本句意为他们的业余生活要由陌生人来照料。in the hands of“由……控制或照料”，固定搭配。
2.【答案】B
【解析】grown children过去分词作定语，意为长大的孩子。
3.【答案】C
【解析】regular“定期的、有规律的”;normal“正常的”;constant“经常的”;lasting“持续的”，这里指定期来看望的人。
4.【答案】A
【解析】imaginary“不真实的、虚构的”;imaginable“可想象的”;imaginative“富于想象力的”;imagery意为肖像。
5.【答案】A
【解析】that引导定语从句。
6.【答案】B
【解析】根据上下文，how引导宾语从句，表示“如何、怎么样”。
7.【答案】D
【解析】average指一般、通常的情况;common表示“普通的”，强调大部分;ordinary与special相对立，强调普遍性;standard“标准的”。
8.【答案】C
【解析】用moreover“而且”，表示两句间递进的关系。如果further加上more，也表示递进关系。
9.【答案】B
【解析】ago“以前”，指从现在算起;before是从过去某个时刻算起。
10.【答案】A
【解析】share，共享的，常与common搭配。consent同意。
11.【答案】B
【解析】这里要用复数，故选people。
12.【答案】C
【解析】would表示一种意愿，can表示能力。主句是过去时，故选could。 13.【答案】B
【解析】questioned和inquired表示“询问、疑问”;interrogate“审问”。故interviewed“面试、访问”符合句意。
14.【答案】C
【解析】take on“承担”;take in“欺骗、收容”;take up“从事”;take off“脱下”、“起飞”。take on符合句意，承担照顾年老亲戚的责任。
15.【答案】D
【解析】obligation“责任、义务”;admiration“羡慕”;initiative“首创的，开始的”;necessity“必要性”。本句与上句意思相近，故选obligation。
16.【答案】C
【解析】make sb do sth.表示“使某人……”，符合句意。
17.【答案】A
【解析】someone在这里泛指某个人。Anyone、anybody指任何人，everyone指每个人。
18.【答案】B
【解析】dependent“依靠别人的”;dependable“可靠的”;independent“独立的”。 19.【答案】C
【解析】mutually“共同地”;similarly“同样地、相似的”;differently“不同地”;certainly“当然地”。只有共同地符合句意。
20.【答案】A
【解析】involved“涉及、牵涉到”;included“包含”;excluded“排除在外、不包括”;considered“考虑到”。本句意为可能涉及到的每一个人。
Passage 1答案:21-25: adcbc
Passage 2答案:26-30: bcbcc
Passage3答案:31-35: cdabc
Passage 4答案:36-40: abdcb
Passage 5答案:41-45 :ccbdc
参考译文
1. 不论是我还是其他美国人都不便说中国应当实行什么样的经济制度。
2. 检验任何制度的标准在于它的成效，在于他能在多大程度上向人民更多地提供他们所需要的东西。
3. 一个行之有效的经济制度能刺激生产的积极性，能公平的分配产品。
4. 我们两国面临的共同挑战是避免强迫人民在两个极端之间做出困难的选择:一种制度实现了平等，但会使贫穷长期继续下去;另一种制度带来了繁荣，却会无视贫困。
5.我们两国的制度有着深刻的差别，但从长远看，我们为本国全体人民谋求更好生活的目标则是一致的。
Part A 参考答案
Dear editor,
I have been a devoted reader of your magazine Around the World ever since a friend
recommended it do me three years ago. I enjoy reading particularly articles in
your“Foreign Culture”series,which are both informative and entertaining. However,there is
an error that I feel should not be ignored. In the article titled This Is Australia of the May 14th edition,the estimated economic cost caused by youth's crimes [这样的说明,要靠你自
己联想和编写] is quoted as“$ 4 million”when it actually should be$ 4 billion.It might be only a typographic mistake,but it could nonetheless the misleading,especially to the serious readers who have a particular interest in the subject.
I hope your can check it as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B 参考答案
Where Can I Sit Down with a Baby?
[启] As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, a young man and a young lady are sitting calmly on the reserved seats for babies and their mothers while a mother holding a baby in her arm is standing beside the seats. The drawing exposes a prevailing phenomenon in China's public places, which makes every reader thinking about public morality and virtue. [承] The implied meaning of the drawing is worth special concern. To begin with, good and polite manners should improve a lot in public places. Some of young people lack the necessary public awareness so that they disturb the normal order of public places. What's more, the traditional moral values should be enhanced. To respect the elderly and take care of the young is one of traditional virtues in China. [转折]However, some of young
people are so selfish that they even neglect traditional virtues, which does no good to the healthy development of our society. In one word, we should make deep reflection on our own deeds.
[合] In my view, necessary measures should be immediately taken so as to create an ideal living environment. On the one hand, an education campaign should be launched to inform people of the acceptable and civilized manners in public places. On the other hand, “eight honors and eight disgraces”(八荣八耻)advanced in China should be publicized so
as to enhance our sense of traditional virtues. Only in this way can we live in a harmonious society.
范文三：考研英语作文模拟题
考研英语作文模拟题
做最后全真模拟时，切忌做模拟题不写后面的作文，要在规定的时间内完成整个套题，确定各题型的做题顺序和做题时间，模拟考试现场，调整考试心态。
Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
Model essay
As is apparently depicted in the drawing, an aged woman is crossing a huge gap through a lied-down ladder. If we give it a closer watch, we can find that the gap that the woman is walking through is a generation gap. At both sides of the gap, stand, respectively, a young couple, startled and an aged man, encouraging his old wife to be brave.
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that utmost importance should be attached to generation gap which is prevalent in the current society. At least two fundamental
factors could contribute to the existence of this phenomenon. To begin with, people receive different education and form different outlooks of the world. The education children receive today is different from that of their parents, thus, conflict between parents and children seems unavoidable. In addition, lack of communication also accounts for the fact. On the one hand, being too much occupied with their work and personal affairs, younger generation offers no chance for the parents to communicate with them. On the other hand, many parents also fail to realize the importance of communication.
The solution to the generation gap is communication. Fortunately, as the picture revealed, the aged generation has already taken the initiative towards the way to communication. It is high time that we, the youngsters, made our own contribution to the solution of this problem.
此外，跨考教育英语教研室杨老师提醒大家，做最后全真模拟时，切忌做模拟题不写后面的作文，要在规定的时间内完成整个套题，确定各题型的做题顺序和做题时间，模拟考试现场，调整考试心态。
范文四：考研英语模拟题作文
模拟题一
Mental Diseases of Chinese College Students
中国大学生的心理疾病
As illustrated by the bar chart , Chinese college students ’mental diseases have drawn people’s attention dramatically in the past few years. 按照条形图的描述，, 在过去的几年里中国大学生精神疾病已经引起了人们戏剧性地关注。female students are more like to get mental diseases than male ones, which is twice as much as that of males. 女学生比男性的学生更容易得心理疾病, 这差不多是男性的两倍。students aged from 25 to 29 years old having selected mental disorder are 1.8% higher than those who are below 25 years old. 那些挑选出来的年龄在25岁至29岁的学生中有精神失常的与那些低于25岁的相比高1.8%。however, they almost have the same possibility to get depressed.然而, 它们几乎具有相同的可能性会抑郁。
I think two major factors contribute to this phenomenon.我认为两个主要因素导致了这种现象。 to start with, the global financial crisis make it hard for college students to get employed or get decent job, which brings them great pressure. 首先, 全球金融危机很难使大学生就业或得到体面的工作, 这给他们带来巨大的压力。This can be best illustrated in the bar chart by the 25-29-year-old students. 这可能是最能说明在柱形图由25名29岁
的学生。 In addition, emotional problem is another issue that
mostly bothers students, especially the female ones, who are more
sensitive. 此外, 情感问题是另一个主要困扰学生的问题, 尤其是女
性的人更敏感。
To solve the problem, I think, the students should keep clam
and stay with friends who are optimistic. 为了解决这个问题, 我想,
学生们应该保持冷静并且与乐观的朋友呆在一起。If things get
worse, they should try to seek help from the professional in or out
of school. 如果事情变得更糟的是, 他们应该试图寻求专业的帮助
或辍学。
模拟题二
The Reasons Why We Blog
我们写博客的原因
As can be seen from the pie chart above, it is obvious that are
several reasons for people blogging ：being paid to blog , for
employer , making money, promoting one ’s own business and for
pleasure. 从上面的饼图可以看出，很明显, 人们写博客有几个原
因：收钱的博客，为雇主写博客，赚钱，促进个人业务的发展和
为了取乐。 49% of the people blog for pleasure .49%的人写博客为
取乐。promoting one’s own business accounts for 35% . 促进自身业
务的占35%。 It is followed by making money ,writing for employer
and being paid to blog , with 7% ,5% and 4% respectively . 紧随其后
的是赚钱, 为雇主写博客和被支付给博客的, 分别为7%、5%和4%。
This can be best explained by the following reasons .这可以通
过以下原因做最好的解释。 First of all , blogs can be used to
document our life as well as inform others of our activities and
whereabouts, which can be great fun.首先, 博客可以证明我们的生
活也把我们的活动和行踪通知其他人, 这可以很有趣。
Furthermore , blogs, as part of the internet , fully exert their
influences on business , which can promote sales, increase
awareness of the brands or companies, as well as save costs. 此外,
博客, 作为互联网的一部分, 在商业上充分发挥其影响, 这能促进
销售, 增加品牌或公司的认知度, 以及节省成本。Due to these
convenience, people widely use blogs to market. 由于这些便利, 人
们广泛使用博客到市场
In conclusion , blogs can promote business, however, they
deliver false information sometimes.总之, 博客可以促进业务, 然而,
他们有时提供虚假信息。 People should take the information on
them with a grain of salt. 人们应该对他们提供的的信息持保留态
度。 Also the authorities related should make laws to ensure the
reliability . 同时当局还应该制定相关的法律确保可靠性
模拟题三
The Employment Status of College Aged from 20 to 24
大学的就业状况, 年龄在20到24
As is shown in the line chart ,college graduates ’ employment
status aged from 20 to 24 has changed dramatically from 2008 to
2010. 毕业生的就业状况的年龄在20到24已经发生了戏剧性的
变化, 从2008年到2010年。In 2008 the percentage of college
graduates hired by private enterprises was around 58% , which
showed an upward trend during these three years , soaring to
approximately 65% in 2010. 在2008年的大学毕业生的比例受雇
于私营企业是58%左右, 其中显示了上升趋势在这三年, 在2010年
飙升至约65%。Government organizations had a rate of 25% in 2008,
which fell dramatically to 18% in 2010. 政府组织已经在2008年
25% 的速度, 急剧下降到2010年的18%。The state-owned
enterprises and foreign companies employed 10% and 7%
respectively in 2008 . 国有企业和外资企业雇佣2008年分别为
10%和7%。In 2010 ,the state-owned enterprises increased slightly to
12% and foreign companies dropped slightly to 4%.2010年, 国有企
业略微增加了12%,外国公司, 微跌至4%。
The general trend can be explained by the following reason.总
的趋势可以解释下面的原因。 On account of the limited positions
in government organizations and state-owned enterprise , their
employment rates declined more or less .由于有限的位置在政府
机构和国有企业, 他们的就业率下降或多或少。 The private
enterprises have steadily expanded due to their flexible mechanism ,
which results in their attracting more talents. 私营企业稳步扩大
由于其灵活的机制, 从而导致他们吸引更多的人才。What ’s more ,
the government encourages the young to become
self-employed ,which also increases the number of the jobs in
private enterprise. 更重要的是, 政府鼓励年轻人成为自由职业者,
这也会增加就业数量的私营企业。
Recently,plenty of graduates take part in the civil service exams
to get a chance to work in the government organizations or
state-owned enterprises. 最近, 很多毕业生参加公务员考试来获
得工作的机会, 在政府机构或国有企业。I think no matter where
we work , if we have dreams and stick to it , we can be successful
then. 我认为无论我们的工作, 如果我们有梦想和坚持, 我们可以成
功的然后。
12、a considerable increase/decrease occurred
from ……to …
……到……发生急剧上升。
13、from this year on ，there was a gradual decline
reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
over the period from…to …the …remained level.
在…至…期间，…基本不变。
模拟题四
The Rising Market Scale of US Online Advertising
As is shown in the table , the advertising market scale become largest year by year, of which ,the proportion of online advertising increased from 2008 to 2010 .广告市场规模逐年成为最大，其中,
在线广告的比例从2008到2010是增加的。 In 2008 ,the whole market scale of advertising was 293.3 billion dollars , which continued to ascend to 316 billion in 2011. 在2008年, 整个广告市场
规模是2933亿美元, 继续提升到2011年的3160亿。 During the same period , the online advertising went up rapidly from 25.9 to 41 billion dollars , which also led to the rise of the market share of online advertising . 在同一时期, 美国在线广告上去迅速从25.9到
410亿美元, 这也导致了上升的市场份额的在线广告。Online advertising only account for 8.8% in the whole advertising field in 2008, while in 2011 it increased significantly to 13%. 在线广告只占
8.8%,整个广告领域在2008年, 虽然它在2011年显著增加到13%。
This phenomenon results from the following reasons. 这一现
象的结果从以下的原因。The rapid popularization of internet
promotes the development of online advertising . 互联网的迅速普
及, 在线广告的发展起到了推动作用。 Compared with the
traditional advertising , online advertising has lost of advantages ,
such as stronger interactivity , no limitation of time and space,
well-targeted, higher economic character, and more objective. 相
比传统广告, 网络广告已经失去了优势, 比如更强的交互性, 没有
限制的时间和空间, 目标明确, 更高的经济角色, 和更多的目标。All
of the good sides cause the continuous growth of its market scale.
所有的好的方面导致持续增长的市场规模。
In my opinion , the online advertising tends to be a strong
trend in marketing. 在我看来, 在线广告往往是一个强大的趋势在
市场营销。 It both saves costs and gains popularity. 它既节省成本
和获得流行。However , the merchants should spare no pains to
ensure its reliability , which is the basis of a sound internet
environment. 然而, 商人们应该不遗余力以确保其可靠性, 这是基
于网络环境的声音。
模拟题五
The Current Situation of World Illiteracy
As is shown in the bar chart , the estimated world
illiteracy rates differ a lot by gender and region for the year 2011.估计全世界文盲率不同性别与地区大量的2011年。 The rates in Developed Countries , Latin America/Caribbean and East Asia/Oceania are apparently lower than those in the other three areas. 在发达国家的利率, 拉丁美洲/加勒比海地区和东亚/大洋洲明显低于其他三个领域。 In addition , the rates of female illiteracy are much higher than those of males relatively in each area, however, in Developed Countries and Latin America/Caribbean, the rates are only slightly higher. 此外, 利率的女性文盲率远高于男性相对在每个区域, 然而, 在发达国家和拉丁美洲/加勒比海, 利率仅略高。 The lowest rates are in Developed Countries ,with about 1% for males and 2% for females , while the highest rates are in South Asia , with approximately 34% for males and 56% for females.最低的利率是在发达国家, 大约有1%的男性和2%的女性, 而最高的利率是在南亚, 大约有34%的男性和56%的女性。
The diversity of illiteracy rates in the world is mainly due to the level of economic development of the country , the popularization of education and the attention paid by the government , while the relatively higher rates of females result from complicated factors , such as social , political, economic and conventional factors of the region. 文盲率的多样性在世界主要是由于国家的经济发展水平, 教育的普及和政府的关注, 然而女性比
率相对较高的因素是复杂的，如社会、政治、经济和地区的传统。
To reduce the world illiteracy , I think the first thing we need to do is to fight against poverty and to strengthen the idea that knowledge is power. 减少世界文盲, 我想我们要做的第一件事是抗击贫困和加强了这个观念:知识就是力量。It needs the effort from all sides; especially the government should give due attention and help. 它需要来自各方的努力, 特别是政府应给予足够的重视和帮助。
模拟题六
The Obesity Problem in China During The Past Six Years
As is shown by in the bar chart , the number of fat people in china has increased dramatically from 2005 to 2008 ,with a minimum growth of 13 million per year. 肥胖的人的数量在中国已大大增加了从2005年到2008年, 每年的最低增长1300万。 However , from 2008 to 2010, the growth of the obese plunged. 然而, 从2008年到2010年, 增长的肥胖的暴跌。Compared with the previous year, the obese only increased 6 million in 2009, and 5 million in 2010. 与上年相比, 肥胖的只会增加600万,2009年和500万年的2010。
Poor diet and inactivity lead to a rapid rise in obesity . 不良的饮食习惯和活动导致肥胖的快速增长。The increasingly fast
pace of people’s life today brings dramatic change to the traditional Chinese diet. 越来越快节奏的人民今天的生活带来戏剧性的变化, 中国传统的饮食。 Meanwhile , since people spend most of their time engaging in daily office work instead of physical exercise, their physical conditions get worse. 与此同时, 由于人们大部分时间都从事日常办公室工作, 而不是体育锻炼, 其身体状况变得更糟。What ’s more , people who suffer more pressure get fat easily. 更重要的是, 那些承受更大的压力很容易发胖。However , during the past two years, the obesity has drawn people ’s attention and most people have improved the diet structure , and strengthened exercise and health care , which slowed down the amount of the obese. 然而, 在过去的两年里, 肥胖已经引起了人们的关注和大多数人的饮食结构, 改善和加强锻炼和健康护理, 这减慢数量的肥胖。
Due to the disease caused by obesity, we should begin to recognize the importance of healthy diet and lifestyle, but it is far from enough . 由于肥胖引起的疾病, 我们应该开始认识到健康的饮食和生活方式的重要性, 但这远远不够。The government should strengthen supervision of food and build more facilities for everyone to exercise. 政府应加强监管食品和建造更多的设施, 让每个人都能锻炼。
With the rapid development of social economy, people in meet the material enjoy at the same time, more is the pursuit of spiritual level of increase
随着社会经济的快速发展, 人们在满足物质享受的同时, 更多的是追求精神水平的提高
12、Nowadays more and more people begin to realize／be aware of／notice the importance／significance ／seriousness of the problem of education ／pollution ／unemployment ．
现在越来越多的人开始认识到(注意到) 教育(污染，失业) 问题的重要性(严重性) 。
To solve the problem, I think, 为了解决这个问题, 我想,
It needs the effort from all sides; especially the government should give due attention and help.As for us,we should arouse the awareness of public towards。 它需要来自各方的努力, 特别是政府应给予足够的重视和帮助。至于我们, 我们应该唤起大众对意识。
However, it is easier said than done. 不过, 说来容易做来难our efforts will eventually pay off.我们的努力最终会还清
范文五：考研模拟题
考研模拟题 一、名词辨析
1、类质同晶和同质多晶;2、弗仑克尔缺陷与肖特基缺陷; 3、自扩散和互扩散;4、晶粒生长和二次再结晶 二、选择
1(在离子晶体中，配置于正离子周围的负离子数(即负离子配位数)，决定于正、
负离子半径比(r/r)，某离子化合物的r/r值为0.564，其负离子配位数应是:( ) ，,，,
(A)3 (B)4 (C)6 (D)8
2(在FeO晶体中，随氧分压增大，晶体的导电率( ) ,1x
(A)降低 (B)升高 (C)不变
3、高岭石属于层状硅酸盐结构，其结构特征是( ) 。 a(二层型三八面体结构 b(三层型三八面体结构 c(二层型二八面体结构 d(三层型二八面体结构 4、在下列几类晶体中，形成间隙型固溶体的次序是( )。 a(沸石>CaF>TiO>MgO b(MgO>TiO>CaF>沸石 2222
c(CaF>TiO>MgO>沸石 d(TiO>MgO>CaF>沸石 2222
5(下列硅酸盐矿物，属于链状结构的是:( ) (A)顽火辉石Mg[SiO] (B)绿柱石BeAl[SiO] 22632618(C)镁橄榄石Mg[SiO] (D)叶蜡石Al[SiO] 2424106、NaO?CaO?A1O?2SiO玻璃的四个结构参数为( ) 。 2232
a(Z=4、R=2.5、X=1、Y=3
b(Z=4、R=2.25、X=0.5、Y=3.5
c(Z=3、R=2.25、X=0.5、Y=3.5
7(粘土粒子破键引起的荷电与溶液介质的pH值有关，高岭石在酸性介质中，边面
带( )电荷。
1
(A),2 (B)0 (C)，1
8、在下列几类晶体中，形成间隙型固溶体的次序是( )。
a(沸石>CaF>TiO>MgO b(MgO>TiO>CaF>沸石 2222
c(CaF>TiO>MgO>沸石 d(TiO>MgO>CaF>沸石 2222
9(在通过玻璃转变区域时，急冷的玻璃中网络变体的扩散系数，一般( )相同组成但充分退火的玻璃中的扩散系数。
(A)高于 (B)低于 (C)等于
10(粘土粒子破键引起的荷电与溶液介质的pH值有关，高岭石在酸性介质中，边面带( )电荷。
(A),2 (B)0 (C)，1
11(某物料粉碎成颗粒度为5μm的粉料，经2小时烧结后，其颈部半径增长率x / r = 0.1，为使其达到x / r = 0.2(不考虑晶粒生长)，又经过64小时的烧结。这是在( )传质机理条件下进行烧结的。
(A)粘性流动(塑性流动) (B)溶解,沉淀 (C)蒸发,凝聚 (D)体积扩散 12(液固相变时，非均匀成核位垒与接触角θ有关，当( )时，核化势垒降低一半。
(A)θ,0? (B)θ,45? (C)θ,90? (D)θ,180? 三、 回答问题
1(石墨、云母和高岭石具有相似的结构。说明它们的结构区别及由此引起的性质上的差异。
2(金黄色的人造黄玉是在AlO中添加了0.5mol,NiO和0.02mol,CrO。试写2323出缺陷反应方程(置换型)及化学式。
,+23(Na2O属于何种结构,试画出晶胞结构图，说明Na、O离子在结构中的位置;并根据晶胞结构指出正负离子的配位数。
4(试解释粘土结构水、结合水(牢固结合水、松结合水)、自由水的区别，分析后
2
两种水在胶团中的作用范围及其对工艺性能的影响,
5(比较无规则网络学说与晶子学说的异同,
6(NiO和CrO的球形颗粒通过固相反应形成NiCrO。在颗粒上形成产物层后，2324
是什么控制着反应,在1300?时，NiCrO中D > D> D，试问哪一个控制着24CrNi O
NiCrO的形成速率,为什么, 24
7(假设?H和?S与温度无关，说明为什么硅酸盐熔体在熔点或熔点以上不可能发生析晶，而加入适当的晶核剂时，往往在熔点就能析晶。
四、计算与相图
2，,1(在萤石晶体中Ca半径为0.112nm，F半径为0.131nm，(1)求萤石晶体中离子堆积系数,(2)萤石晶体a,0.547nm，求萤石的密度,
32(CeO为萤石结构，其中加入15%CaO形成固溶体，测得固溶体密度ρ,6.45g/cm，2
晶格常数a,0.5417nm，问:主要缺陷形式如何, 0
-5+3(在KCl晶体中掺入10mo1,CaCl，低温时KCl中的K离子扩散以非本征扩散为2
+主，试回答在多高温度以上，K离子的扩散是以热缺陷控制的本征扩散为主,(KCl的肖特基缺陷形成能ΔH=251kJ/mol，R=8.314J/mo1?K) s
4(下图为KO,AlO,SiO系统中富硅部分相图，本系统与日用陶瓷和普通电瓷的2232
生产密切相关。试:
1)、画出相图中b、c点相对应的副三角形;
2)、用单、双箭头表示出交于b、c点的界线的性质及温降方向;
3)、说明b、c两个无变点的性质和写出各点的相平衡式;
4)、P点的最后析晶产物是什么,写出其冷却平衡结晶过程;
5)、在实际生产中，以配料P进行烧结的陶瓷制品中，主要的显微结构如何;
6)、液相组成点到达分界曲线的瞬间，其固相量和液相量分别是多少。
3
4
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