刑奕姗
范文一：新东方初中英语在线
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[给力词汇]初中版:2011年中考英语词汇-第四十七讲
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1.north [n?:θ]
n. 北方
adj. 北方的
例句：Our course was straight to the north.
我们是朝正北方向航行。
2.west [west]
n. 西方
adj. 西方的
例句：I live in the west of the city.
我住在该城市的西部。
3.river ['riv?]
n. 河；江
例句：The river flows into a lake.
这条河流入一个湖泊。
4.church [t??:t?]
n. 教堂
例句：Christians go to church on Sundays.
基督教徒每个星期日到教堂去做礼拜。
5.famous ['feim?s]
adj. 著名的
例句：He is famous for his fine acting.
他以演技精湛著称。
6.capital ['k?pitl]
n. 首都；省会
例句：Beijing is the capital of China.
北京是中国的首都。
7.lake [leik]
n. 湖
例句：He fell into the lake.
他掉进了湖里。
8.low [l?u]
adj. 低的
例句：She jumped over the low wall.
她跳过了那堵矮墙。
9.mountain ['mauntin]
n. 山；山脉
例句：The mountain is 3500 meters high.
这座山有3500米高。
10.about ['?baut]
adv. 大约；几乎
prep. 关于
例句：We waited for about twenty minutes.
我们等了差不多二十分钟。
11.near [ni?]
prep. 在……近旁，近……
例句：He is near forty.
他年近四十。
12.village ['vilid?]
n. 村庄
例句：This village is as beautiful as the fairyland.
这个村庄美如仙境。
13.region ['ri:d??n]
n. 地区；区域
例句：Her motherland is in the tropical region.
她的祖国位于热带地区。
14.wide [waid]
adj. 宽的
例句：He is a man of wide interests.
他兴趣广泛。
15.fact [f?kt]
n. 事实；细节
例句：It is a fact that they went out to see a film yesterday.
昨天他们去看了一场电影是事实。
[神马语法]初中版:100个句子轻松搞定初中英语语法-第48句
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48. How does she go to work? 她怎样去上班？
how 是疑问副词，表“如何，怎样”。How 引导的问句属于特殊疑问句，以下的情况可以用how 来提问：
1）询问身体状况, 用how 。如：
How are you? 你（身体）怎么样？
2）询问年龄，用 how old。如：
How old is Jack? 杰克多大了？
3）询问身高，用 how tall。如：
How tall are you ? 你多高？
4）询问价格，用 how much。如：
How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？
5）询问数量时，对可数名词提问用how many，对不可数名词提问用how much。如：
How many books are there in your bag? 在你的书包里有几本书？
How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？
6）询问距离，用how far。如：
How far is it? 有多远？
7）表示时间上要多久，长度上有多长，用how long。如：
How long will it take to get here? 到这里要多长时间？
8）询问如何到达某地，用how 。如：
How can we get to the amusement park? 我们怎样能到达游乐园？
不得不看
关键字：2011最新秋季班 2012高考最新辅导 中学英语
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知识背景：
牛津与剑桥
长久以来，牛津大学（Oxford university）和剑桥大学（Cambridge university）一直是被人们联在一起的。在英文里则有专有的一个词：牛桥-Oxbridge 。其实两校差别并不大。学校组织，建筑格式等非常类似。如前所述，剑桥本身就是牛津大学学生和市民冲突在之后，师生流落到剑桥建立的。两校之间的接触与交流一直很密切。
当然，不同之处是不必刻意就可以找到的。有人对牛津大学和剑桥大学做了分析，牛津大学会问：“What do you think？”，剑桥大学会问：“What do you know？”看来，牛津大学更注重思想，而剑桥大学更注重求知。这大概就是牛津出了29名首相，剑桥出了61个诺贝尔奖获得者的原因。一所大学，成绩斐然至此，无人能出其右。
说起剑桥大学的成立，真是让人匪夷所思， 1209年，牛津一位学生练习射箭，误杀了镇上一名妇女，引发了一场骚乱。愤怒的牛津市民抓了两个无辜的老师严刑拷打，从而引发冲突。结果师生们被市民追杀得四处逃窜。12名牛津师生流落到剑桥，被伊利主教收容。之后，其它地方的一些学者也慕名而来，一所新的大学逐渐建立起来，就是剑桥大学。从此之后牛津和剑桥之间的竞争开始被人们逐渐关注，如同现在中国的清华和北大。
拓展阅读:
My class and my classmates
I am a middle school student. I'm in Class Ten, Grade One. There are twenty-nine students in my class. Nine of them are boys, and the others are girls. In our class, everyone is very friendly and we always help each other .Our classmates are all very active in class, and we often play games after class. Most of the boys are interested in playing basketball. They usually play it after school or in their spare time. As for the girls, they like go shopping best. They often go to the shops on weekends.
As students, of course, our most important job is to study hard. And
everyone realizes it. We all dream of going to the best universities in the future. So we spend most of our spare time on our schoolwork. But we never feel tired, we're energetic as well as hopeful. We all like our class, which we think the best one in the school!
1. There are ___ students in the class.
A. 28 B. 29
C. 30 D. 31
2. The girls in the class like ___ best.
A. basketball B. play games
C. go shopping D. volleyball
3. Which sport is popular with most boys in the class?
4. How many girls in the class?
5. What are the students’ dreams?
答案
1.B
解析：There are twenty-nine students in my class.选B
2.C
解析：As for the girls, they like go shopping best.选C
3.Most of the boys are interested in playing basketball.
解析：Most of the boys are interested in playing basketball.原句
4.There are 20 girls in the class.
解析：There are twenty-nine students in my class. Nine of them are boys, and the others are girls.29-9=20
5.They all dream of going to the best universities in the future.
解析：We all dream of going to the best universities in the future.原句
1. get on / to one’s feet 站起来
[联想] stand up 站起来
get up 站起来
rise to one’s feet 站起来
be on one’s feet 站着，站起来
[例] He got on his feet when he heard the bell.
听到铃声他就站了起来。
He rose unsteadily to his feet to question the chairman.
他颤颤巍巍地站了起来向主席提出疑问。
I have been on my feet all day.
我整天都在站着。
2. look sb / sth in the face 正面看某人，面对，正视
[联想] look sb in the eye(s) 正视，勇敢地面对
[例] Throughout the whole of the conversation he never once looked me in the face.
在整个谈话过程中，他一次也没有抬起头来看我一眼。
John had looked death in the face many times.
约翰多次面对着死亡。
If he knows—how can I look him in the face again.
如果他知道，我将如何面对他？
He looked me right in the eye(s) and lied.
他看着我却当面撒谎。
3. around / round the corner 在拐角处，拐弯(就是) ；不远，就在眼前
[联想] drive / put / force sb into a corner 使…陷入困境
turn the corner (病情) 好转，脱离危险
cut corners 走捷径，找窍门
[例] There’s a shop over there, round the corner.
那边就一个商店，拐弯就是。
The fortune teller told Jane there was good luck for her just around the corner.
算命的人告诉简说她的好远就在眼前。
4. go through 穿过；通过；经受，经历(痛苦等) ；完成；仔细检查
[联想] be through 做完，…完
get through 度过，通过；吃完，饮完
see through 看破，看穿
break through 突围
carry through 执行，将…进行到底
put through 把电话接通，完成
pull through 使脱险，痊愈
[例] You have no idea what I went through to get this finished in time.
你不知道为了使这件事按时完工我经历了多少困难。
He went through the doorway into the living room.
他穿过门，进入起居室。
Give this magazine to John when you have gone through it.
你看完这本杂志后，把它交给约翰。
5. up and down 上下(颠簸) ，来回地；时好时坏
[联想] back and forth 来回地
backwards and forwards 来回地
in and out 里里外外
[例] He got up and began to pace up and down the room. (用作介词)
他站立起来，开始在屋里来来回回地走着。
The boat went up and down in the sea. (用作副词)
小船在海面上上下颠簸。
I’ve been rather up and down recently. I think I need a holiday.
我近来时好时坏，我想我需要去度假了。
Life is full of ups and downs. (用作名词)
生活充满了沉浮起伏。
范文二：新东方初中英语笔记
Help - assist
-give sb a hand
Grammar 被动 倒装 虚拟 从句 非谓语
Valuable
Beneficial
Meaningful
Helpful
Useful
…
Potential n. adj. 潜在的
Potential hazards
2008-1
目的：
参加[take part in], participate in
计划plan
组织organize + a spring outing
Special, meaningful, useful, helpful, ……activity
Mother school , our school, the ~
纠结： 1. ~
2. possibilities, preferences [such as/~/~]
Going to the amusement park
Going boating
Climbing the hill/ mountain
agree to the last choice.
2010-1 目的：Help
+ grandparents/ family members
rummage/ arrange + trip, travel, journey, tour [voyage]
1 + 2
Grandparents/ family members
纠结1. ~
2. things information[such as/~/~] The hotel
The tickets [timetable]
The weather [details]
3. , which was vital for tttvj
S/che/du/le
A ompanied with B
Company : n. firm corporation
Co/operation
V .
Sche/du/le
2008-2
显A, along with B + climbed the hill
隐 感merrily
原tree, grass, flowers/ scenery
1. 1.Trees and flowers were smiling.
Scenery was beautiful, catchy
~ feast one’s eyes大饱眼福
Greatly, significantly as well as
2. 2.Climbing the hill was 好！beneficial, meaningful, helpful, useful, valuable,
interesting
2010-2
显get, buy, purchase
隐 感merrily
原/衬 people …
2008-3
1. 1.Surprising part ~ reached the top of the hill
+ 原因 because of the litter [such as/~/~] ~ ~ ~
2. 2. 捡垃圾 pick up/ collect
Litter, rubbish, the waste
With great effort
2010-3
1. 1.Troublesome ~ I arrived home
2. 2. 解释 n~ [such as/~/~]
3. 3. 提醒
Approximately
要点(一横一问号) 引子
+ beneficial positive 优
- - harmful negative 缺
—— + ？
原因 x 4 ,which … 导致 引起
举例 eg, A case in point is that
1. 1. —— + ？
2. 2. 具体化
3. 3. 引子
评分标准举例
? ? Next came the most troublesome part. I rummaged a large suitcase for packing some necessities of their travel, for instance, clean clothes and comfortable slippers. Besides, I also prepared a map as well as sunglasses in advance. Just at that moment, my grandma reminded me of taking an umbrella in case it rained because she was caring more about the changeable weather.
情景思路
? ? Before: 目的→ 准备
? ? While : 布景→ 1,2
? ? After : 布景→ 心情
啊，白杨树…
仅供参考
? ? No experience is more valuable than cultivating our/my ability of
occasion beneficial, meaningful, helpful, useful ……………………
exploring our potential of
developing our enthusiasm of
? ? Thanks to our teacher/mother school/…, last weekend , we had a golden opportunity for doing?
hard-won
? ? 【许多主意】Ideas/plans flooded every inch of our mind at first. 【被讨论、被考虑】There were so many possibilities [such as/including] that would be made a heated discussion. 【达成一致】 preferences/名词 2008-1
? ?~ There were so many possibilities such as going to the amusement park, going boating and climbing a hill that would be made a heated discussion. Finally, we made a full agreement to climb the hill .
2010-1
? ?~ There was so much information to be taken into consideration , including the hotel, the tickets timetable, and the weather details, which was vital for their whole schedule.
? ?Done in the n. and done by adj. +n., 我们前往目的地
? ?With adj. +n. doing/done, 我们前往目的地, adj. + adj.
? ?A series of 名词 were so 形 to be taken into practice that 不遗余力? without any hesitation .
? ?要点 (是什么→why/感受/衬托)
状+ 主+ 谓
+ 为啥 x 4/,which?
I, trees and flowers
around us significantly feasted our eyes as well as mountain-climbing was beneficial and stimulating. 2010-2
? ?I felt extremely merry in that I got the tickets in spite of the fact that a crowd of people were standing for tickets in a queue.
? ?Next came the most …形容词… moment (instantly/immediately/as soon as we … )
2008-3
Next came the most surprising moment as soon as we reached the top of the hill because of the litter here and there, such as bottles, banana peels and plastic bags. 2010-3
? ?Next came the most troublesome part . I prepared a large suitcase for packing some necessities of the trip, for instance, clean clothes, comfortable slippers, a map as well as two pairs of sunglasses.
? ?Just at that moment, my grandma reminded me of taking an umbrella in case of the rain in that the she cared more about the changeable weather.
? ?时间快，近离别soon came the moment for departure/end, we were immersed in the wonderful atmosphere of____.
? ? the time for departure/end came with no consciousness. I suddenly felt that I could do nothing but…
? ?有事儿接着说 → 要点
Apart from A, B
2008-4
? ?Apart from collecting the waste, we put them into the recycling bin and non-recycling bin according to whether they could be reused or not. 时间快，近离别, we were still immersed in the wonderful atmosphere of the outing. 2010-4
? ?With my grandparents seated in the train, the departure time came with no consciousness. At that time, I suddenly felt that I could do nothing but wished them a wonderful trip. They waved to say goodbye to me .[图中要点]
? ?致谢 to this , which hits me原因 …and it will be always treasured in my heart.
? ?Through this adj. + n. only did we acquire the knowledge of ___, but our awareness of___ should be enhanced. I miss…/ remember… ? ?…
? ?Through not only did I acquire the knowledge of , but my awareness of should be enhanced. I miss …
注意x 3
动词 x3 帮助参观学习
词汇
? ?More and more → an increasing number of
people in expanding numbers ? ?People → individuals/ 具体化
the young/juvenile, teenagers, students
the old/aged, senior citizens
Think, Argue
Stick to the view that…/ As far as sb be concerned
Suppose, Believe
? ?Very/quite → extremely, exceedingly
? ?Important → vital/ significant
adj= be of + n
attach importance to …
play an important role in …
? ?different → various/ diverse
? ?like → enjoy/be fond of/be keen on
? ?join, take part in → participate/participation in
? ?difficult → challenging
? ?because(of), since, as ,for [because= in that]
? ?happy → delighted/merry/joyful
? ?probably/maybe → be likely to/ tend to
? ?good → wonderful/excellent/fantastic
kind → warm-hearted/friendly/considerate
helpful/ beneficial/ useful
? ?1. 越来越多的年轻人认为培养学习能力很重要。
? ?An increasing number of teenagers stick to the view that cultivating their ability of learning is of great significance/ exceedingly vital.
? ?explore one’s potential of 挖掘潜能
? ?develop one’s enthusiasm of 培养兴趣
? ?2. 越来越多的老年人认为科学技术在人们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。 ? ?Senior citizens in expanding numbers believe that science and technology is playing an important role in people’s daily life.
? ?1. 在暑假，不同的学生喜欢参加各种各样有挑战的课程，因为这对丰富他们课外活动很重要。
? ?In summer vacation, different students are keen on attending various challenging courses, which plays a vital role in enriching their extracurricular activities.
? ?v o cation vacation → jo b
? ?extracurricular activities
各位，再次强调，补充区部分也很重要，请积累并复习。感谢各位，大家加油！！！ 观点对立型作文 I. 引言段：背景à 观点
? 背景
? 变被动
? 1. Recently, the topic about_____, which enjoys a popularity among people, has been made a heated discussion.
? I. 引言段：背景à 观点
? 背景
? 2. Nowadays/ In this day and age, 越来越多的人 are experiencing the changes produced by _____, [such as___ / particularly___]
? 2. At present/ In contemporary society, ____ [especially ___], is playing an increasingly important role in people’s daily life.
? 2005-全国2
? I. 引言段：背景
? Recently, the topic about whether the Beijing Zoo should be removed out of the urban area, which enjoys a popularity among people, has been made a heated discussion
? 2005-全国2
? I. 引言段：背景
? public facilities 公共设施
? 2005-全国2
? I. 引言段：观点
? Some students/teenagers stick to the view that zoos should be moved while the others oppose .
? 【承】II. 观点句1 + 观点论证1 + 总结句1
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? 连接词：起承转合！！！
―起‖
at first 起初
to start with 首先
generally speaking 一般来说
on the whole 总的来说
As is known to all 众所周知
起【落地练习】 ? 2007-全国1：我想找一个笔友。首先，我希望她是个二十出头的美眉。 ? I have the intention of looking for a pen friend. To start with，I hope she is an attractive girl in her early twenties.
? have no intention of doing 不打算，无意
? elegant 优雅的
? 2008-全国1：众所周知，大熊猫为国人所喜爱，我也不是个例外。我从小就是个熊猫粉丝。
? As is known to all, pandas are loved by us Chinese, and I am not the
exception.
? It is universally acknowledged that…
? 2008-全国2：总的来说，我下面四条建议能够帮你学好中文。
? On the whole, the following four pieces of advice given by me are able to help you learn Chinese well.
? 2008-全国2：一般来说，参加中文学习班很重要。
? Generally speaking, it is of great significance to take a Chinese course ? 2008-北京情景：起初，我们想出了许多好主意，包括去…
?
?
?
?
―承‖
in addition 另外
=what is more =moreover =furthermore
in other words
More specifically 更详尽地说 At first, we came up with a vast number of ideas , including… such as… , including… for instance
particularly 特别地
? 2008-全国2：另外，看中文书刊、电视是个好主意。
? In addition/What is more/Moreover/ Furthermore，it should be a fantastic idea to read Chinese books and watch TV programs.
? 2005-全国2：一些人同意迁出。更具体的说，原因一是…… ? Some are in favor of the move. More specifically, one reason is that… ―转‖
however/while/conversely
in/by contrast，on the contrary
compare with…
… is a double-edged sword
? 2008-北京开放：一支骄傲的圆规正轻松地画圆，而一支小小的铅笔在努力…
? with ease with great effort
? painstakingly
? 2008-北京开放：一支骄傲的圆规正轻松地画圆，而一支小小的铅笔在努力…
? ~~. However/Conversely/By/In contrast, ~~.
? 2008-全国2：和上面的方法（看中文书刊电视）相比，学唱中文歌曲会帮你记住更多的中文词语，这会大大激发你的兴趣
? Compared with the way above , learning and singing Chinese songs makes you remember more Chinese words with ease, which greatly arouses your interest. ? rise/ raise/ arouse 激发
? significantly 显著地
“合” In a word/In conclusion/In brief/ To sum up 我认为
Accordingly/Consequently/Therefore 因此
Taking ? into consideration,
=Considering ? , 考虑到?
? 2010-北京：考虑到我为二老所做，我感到高兴，因为我获得…知识，提高…意识
? I felt extremely merry in that …
? , …
处处连——全篇4~6个连接词 ? 【承】II. 观点句1 + 观点论证1 + 总结句1
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? 【承】II. 观点句1 + 观点论证1 + 总结句1
? To start with, 理由1
? More specifically,/For instance,…
? Moreover, 理由2
? In other words,/A case in point is that…
? 【承】II. 观点句1 + 观点论证1 + 总结句1
? Therefore,/ Consequently,/ Accordingly, …
? 2005-全国2 观点论证I
? 赞成迁出：1. 游客多，交通堵塞
? 2. 郊区环境好
? To start with, the increasing number of visitors are harmful to the zoos. ? More specifically, more people bring about/ result in more cars , thus causing serious traffic jams.
? vehicles
? severe
? 2005-全国2 观点论证I
? 赞成迁出：1. 游客多，交通堵塞
? 2. 郊区环境好
? Moreover , environment of the suburban district seems much more suitable than that of the urban.
? In other words, animals are likely to enjoy a comfortable surroundings/ living conditions there.
? 2005-全国2 观点论证I
? 赞成迁出：1. 游客多，交通堵塞
? 2. 郊区环境好
? Moreover , environment of the suburban district seems much more suitable than that of the urban.
? A case in point is that the high-quality air and sanitary water are beneficial to animals ’ daily life.
? 2005-全国2 总结句I
? 赞成迁出：1. 游客多，交通堵塞
? 2. 郊区环境好
? car Therefore/ Consequently, the move tends to be appropriate .
? 2005-全国2 赞成迁出
? It is widely accepted that is reasonable. To start with, the increasing number of visitors are harmful to the zoos. More specifically, more people
bring about more cars , thus causing severe traffic jams. Moreover , environment of the suburban district seems much more suitable than that of the urban. In other words, animals are likely to enjoy a comfortable surroundings there. Therefore the move
? 【承】II. 观点句1 + 观点论证1 + 总结句1
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? 转 However/ Conversely/ On the contrary, the against side 认为____. ? supporters, advocators, the people… 具体化
? protester, the people against…
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? To start with/~…, 理由1
? More specifically,/For instance,…
? Moreover/~/~/~/~, 理由2
? In other words,/A case in point is that…
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? 1st , 观点1. Obviously, ______.
?
?
?
?
? Apparently, ~ Evidently, ~ It is obvious/ apparent/ evident that ~ It is manifest that ~ , which means___
? 【转】II. 观点句2 + 观点论证2 + 总结句2
? Therefore,/ Consequently,/ Accordingly, …
? 2005-全国2 观点句II
? 反对迁出：1. 建于1906年，中外闻名
? 2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
? However/ Conversely/ On the contrary, the against side stick to the view that the relocation is inappropriate .
? 2005-全国2 观点论证II
? 反对迁出：1. 建于1906年，中外闻名
? 2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
? The first reason is that Beijing Zoo was built/ constructed in 1906.
? Obviously , it is well-known / renowned at home and abroad.
? 2005-全国2 观点论证II
? 反对迁出：1. 建于1906年，中外闻名
? 2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
? What is moregive rise to the death of some animals, which means it has a negative effect on them.
? cause, result in, bring about, give rise to
? 2005-全国2 总结句II
? 反对迁出：1. 建于1906年，中外闻名
? 2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
? As has been mentioned, the action （具体化）has a number of ? advantage ，disadvantage
? merits, demerits
? strength[s]， shortcoming[s]
? strong points，weak points
? 2005-全国2 反对迁出
? On the contrary, the against side stick to the view that the relocation is inappropriate. The first reason is that Beijing Zoo was built in 1906 with a history of 100 years. Obviously , it is well-known/ renowned at home and
abroad. What is moregive rise to the death of some animals, which means it has a negative effect on them. As has been mentioned, the action （具体化）has a number of
? 2005-全国2 IV. 1>2 1<2>
? 我认为
? According to my viewpoint/Personally, _____ is based on the fact that… 核心：观点+解释 ― 一横一问号‖
—— + ?
? 2005-全国2 IV. 1>2 1<2>
? 1+2
? Both views make sense as long as _____.
? Taking both 1 and 2 into consideration, ____.
提纲要点类作文
? 要点 —— + ？
? STREET $
? 背景 – 原因 – 建议 – 衔接
S ociety T echnology R esponsibilities E nvironment Cultur E T ime $ Money & Fun
? 背景
? 原因
? 建议
? 衔接
? 交代背景
? 【见观点对立】
? 分析原因
? 1. 为啥x 4 because (of) [in that], for, since, as
? 2. , which …非限
? 3. 导致 、引起
result in, lead to, bring about, give rise to
? 4. 原因是、源于
? 提出建议
? 主语 + v.
? n. + v
? 提出建议
?
? suggest, recommend, advocate
? s/r + 句子（虚）
? s/r/a+ doing
? 变被动
? It is suggested/ recommended/ advocated that…
? 提出建议
?
? suggest, recommend, propose
? suggestion, recommendation, proposal
? my 名词 is that _________.
? 逻辑衔接
? 1. … instead of… 而不是
? 2. as a matter of fact 事实上
? 3. regardless of… 不管…，无论…
? 4. Similarly/ Likewise, 类似地
? 5. in terms of/ when it comes to… 就…而言
1. 定语从句作用：
1）修饰限定
2） 插入语
3）指上面整个一句话或一件事儿
Remember:
The exam, which is easy, is easy to pass.
She is happy, which makes me happy.
运用以下三种形式的主从
1）What 型
2）That 型
3）It 型 (3个句式)
What makes you happy makes me happy.
That you are happy makes me happy.
It is obvious that you make me happy.
it 作形式主语的主语从句
1. It + be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, known, acknowledged …)+ that 从句
众所周知，全世界都知道…
It is universally acknowledged that …
3. It + be + 形容词(obvious, true, natural, likely…)+that 从句 3. It + be + 名词词组(a pity, a good thing…)+that 从句 很遗憾，他错过了她，永远。
4. It is a pity that he missed her, forever.
1. 抽象名词
stick to the view that
due to the fact that
2. 成分相同，=插入语
难点：与定从的区分
大家来判断：定从？同位从？
The fact that he announced surprised everyone.
The fact that he had told a lie surprised everyone.
到底谁缺？
同位从
I stick to the view that...
She , a girl, doesn ’t love me.
1. 注意与定从的区别：到底谁缺？
2. 注意插入语的主谓一致！
? —— + ？ ―一横一问号‖适用于所有文章
（要点）
? 具体化，具体体现
? 引子（别直入主题）
范文三：新东方试讲
READING
Spider silk cuts weight of
bridges
A strong, light bio-material made by genes from spiders could transform construction and industry
A Scientists have succeeded in copying the silk-producing genes of the Golden
Orb Weaver spider and are using them to create a synthetic material which they believe is the model for a new generation of advanced bio-materials. The new material, biosilk, which has been spun for the first time by researchers at DuPont, has an enormous range of potential uses in construction and manufacturing.
B The attraction of the silk spun by the spider is a combination of great strength
and enormous elasticity, which man-made fibres have been unable to replicate. On an equal-weight basis, spider silk is far stronger than steel and it is estimated that if a single strand could be made about 10m in diameter, it would be strong enough to stop a jumbo jet in flight. A third important factor is that it is extremely light. Army scientists are already looking at the possibilities of using it for lightweight, bulletproof vests and parachutes.
C For some time, biochemists have been trying to synthesise the drag-line silk of
the Golden Orb Weaver. The drag-line silk, which forms the radial arms of the web, is stronger than the other parts of the web and some biochemists believe a synthetic version could prove to be as important a material as nylon, which has been around for 50 years, since the discoveries of Wallace Carothers and his team ushered in the age of polymers.
D To recreate the material, scientists, including Randolph Lewis at the
University of Wyoming, first examined the silk-producing gland of the spider. “We took out the glands that produce the silk and looked at the coding for the protein material they make, which is spun into a web. We then went looking for clones with the right DNA,” he says.
E At DuPont, researchers have used both yeast and bacteria as hosts to grow the
raw material, which they have spun into fibres. Robert Dorsch, DuPont’s director of biochemical development, says the globules of protein, comparable with marbles in an egg, are harvested and processed. “We break open the bacteria, separate out the globules of protein and use them as the raw starting
material. With yeast, the gene system can be designed so that the material excretes the protein outside the yeast for better access,” he says.
F “The bacteria and the yeast produce the same protein, equivalent to that which
the spider uses in the drag lines of the web. The spider mixes the protein into a water-based solution and then spins it into a solid fibre in one go. Since we are not as clever as the spider and we are not using such sophisticated organisms, we substituted manmade approaches and dissolved the protein in chemical solvents, which are then spun to push the material through small holes to form the solid fibre.”
Researchers at DuPont say they envisage many possible uses for a new biosilk material. They say that earthquake-resistant suspension bridges hung from cables of synthetic spider silk fibres may become a reality. Stronger ropes, safer seat belts, shoe soles that do not wear out so quickly and tough new clothing are among the other applications. Biochemists such as Lewis see the potential range of uses of biosilk as almost limitless. “It is very strong and retains elasticity; there are no man-made materials that can mimic both these properties. It is also a biological material with all the advantages that has over petrochemicals,” he says.
At DuPont’s laboratories, Dorsch is excited by the pros pect of new super-strong materials but he warns they are many years away. “We are at an early stage but theoretical predictions are that we will wind up with a very strong, tough material, with an ability to absorb shock, which is stronger and tougher than the man-made materials that are conventionally available to us,” he says.
The spider is not the only creature that has aroused the interest of material scientists. They have also become envious of the natural adhesive secreted by the sea mussel. It produces a protein adhesive to attach itself to rocks. It is tedious and expensive to extract the protein from the mussel, so researchers have already produced a synthetic gene for use in surrogate bacteria. G H I
Questions 1-5
The passage has nine paragraphs A-I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1
2
3
4
5
a comparison of the ways two materials are used to replace silk-producing glands predictions regarding the availability of the synthetic silk on-going research into other synthetic materials the research into the part of the spider that manufactures silk the possible application of the silk in civil engineering
Questions 6-11
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6-11 on your answer sheet. Synthetic gene growth in 6………………. or 7……………….
Globules of 8……………………… dissolved in 9………………….…
passed through 10………………… to produce 11…………………….
范文四：新东方试讲
2014年6月 大学英语四级真题 翻译部分 试讲
全文如下：
中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。 该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，终止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
句子分析：
1. 中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。 主语：中国；谓语：发展；宾语：核能；补语：进一步。
原因（前提条件）：核电只占其总发电量的2%。
核心词汇：Nuclear power, electricity generation, take a deep step, further development Takes up, accounts for
例句：Nuclear power in China needs a further development, as it only contributes as little as 2% to the gross electricity generation.
(引导原因状语还可以用 on the reason that/since/because，但如果把其视作条件也可以用given that , considering;占多少比例，可以使用Takes up 2%, 或者 accounts for 2%，相应的后面的介词变为of)
该比例在所有核国家中居第三十位，几乎是最低的。
主语：该比例 谓语：居 状语：在所有核国家中的第三十位 ，插入语：几乎是最低的 核心词汇： figure，ratio, rank , nuclear nations
例句： The ratio ranked 30th among all the nuclear nations , almost the lowest.
(关于动词rank 的使用：将rank 作为一个及物动词的使用时，可以将China 作为动词的宾语，30th 作为补语，使句子更简洁 ！)
另外如果将两个句子作为一个整体来分析，可以将后者作为一个限制性定语从句去修饰第一句中提到的2%这个比例
例句：China should take a further step to develop nuclear energy on the reason that nuclear power only takes up 2%, which ranks the 30th among all the nuclear countries, of the gross electricity generation at present.
(注意事项：which的位置一定要紧跟所修饰的对象，以免产生歧义)
2.2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，终止审批新的核电站，并展开全国性的核安全检查。
句子分析：
主语： 中国 谓语：停 宾语：核能开发 补语：终止审批新的核电站，并展开全国性的核安全检查 状语：2011年3月日本核电站事故后
核心词汇：nuclear incident， approval，nationwide， safety inspection，cease
例句： After the nuclear incident in Japan in March 2011, China stopped the development of nuclear energy with closure of approval for new nuclear power station and with implementation of nationwide safety inspection.
（可以灵活的使用动词cease，把日本的核电站事故作为主语，把中国的核能发展作为宾语，使句子没那么冗长）
3.到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎恢复。
句子分析：
主语： 审批 谓语：恢复 状语:直到2012年10月
核心词汇： approval ， re-opened， reactivated ，application
例句： The approvals were not carefully reactivated until October 2012.
（这个句子比较简单，注意until引导的时间状语的使用即可）
4.随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。
句子分析：
主语 ： 发生核事故的可能性 谓语：降 补语：到最低程度 状语：随着技术和安全措施的改进
核心词汇：Possibility, nuclear incident, minimize, technology, security measures
例句： With the improvement of technology and security measures, the possibility of nuclear incident can be minimized.
(句子结构不难，该句考察的是基础词汇的积累)
5.换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
句子分析：
主语：隐含 谓语 ：安全开发和利用 宾语：核能
核心词汇：Nuclear energy, develop, utilize
例句： In other words, nuclear energy is able to be safely developed and utilized.
（同样的这句话句子结构和词汇都不难，需要的注意的是在主语隐含的情况下可以选择使用被动态，或者用动词ing形式做主语开头，例如developing as well as utilizing nuclear energy is quite safe）
‘
范文五：新东方试讲
34. — Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?
— Last year。
A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you get D. when you will get 今天李老师带大家来分析一下 2013年北京中考英语试卷中,单选的 最后一道题。
来看一下这道题
这道题是以问答的形式出现的。
这道题本身的题干很简单。哪位同学能给大家来读并翻译一下。 疏通大意后,咱们一起来分析一下这个问句,在这句话中, tell 这个 谓语词很关键。大家都知道 tell 这个词要接双宾语。告诉某人某事, 在这里, me 就是 tell 的间接宾语,选项和 the prize 这句话共同构成 了 tell 的直接宾语。所以这个题得考点很明确了,考察的就是宾语从 句。
那么今天咱们今天就借这个题来一起回忆一下宾语从句的有关知识。 Object clause
宾语从句的概念很简单, 就是用一个句子做宾语。 自然这个完整的句 子中就包括了两部分。
结构:主句 +连接词 +宾语从句
I know he likes English
三个重要的因素:语序、连接词、时态。
语序 要用陈述语序 (主语在前,谓语在后)
Can he swim ? → 。
Which place did he go to ? →Which place
连接词
1、 That 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义
2、 If 和 whether 在句中的意思是 “ 是否 ” 。
I don’t know _____ he will come or not.
与 or not 连用只能用 whether
I don’t care of ______ he is handsome
介词后只能用 whether
He wondered ______ to stay here the next week
与 to do 不定式连用只能用 whether
____ he will come is not decided
作主语只能用 whether
3、 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how在宾语从句中充当某个成分
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
时态(时态一致性原则 )
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时, 宾语从句该用什么时态就用 什么时态
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时, 宾语从句只能用相应的过去 时态 (一般过去时 过去进行时, 过去将来时, 过去完成时) He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理, 其时态常用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun
1 Could you tell me where do they live?
2 She knew that Danny is a student
3 Do you know who car it is?
(一)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语 动词是 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时,从句可简化 为不定式
结构。
eg: (1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
→ I hopeto receive your e-mail
(二) 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同, 且主句的谓语动 词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时, 从句可简化为 “疑 问词 +不定式”结构。
eg: (2) She doesn’ t know what she should do next.
→ She doesn’ t know________________.
(三)当主句的谓语动词是 ask, tell, show, teach 等时,从句 可简化为“疑问词 +不定式”结构。
eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? → Will you please show me ___________________. (四) 当直接引语为祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 用 ask/tell/order Sb. (not) to do sth 结构。
eg: (4)A: Please be quiet.
B: What did Bill say?
A: He asked us to be quiet.
