范文一：回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

篇一:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

??2016  联系方式:篇二:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

在结构上概括全文,起总起的作用,在内容上做好铺垫,引出下文

从别处找来的:

【说明文】第一段的作用:这种题目有不同答题角度:

(1)、结构、内容作用:引出下文,文章第一段,通常起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用.(2)、结合说明方法谈.

通过……的说明方法,说明了……(事物特征或事理),使说明……(作用).

常见说明方法的作用:

?、举例子:通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明,从而使说明更具体

?、分类别:对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明,使说明更有条理性.

?、作比较:把和加以比较,突出强调了事物的特征/事理.

?、打比方:将比作,从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/

事理.

?、下定义:用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、 更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理.

?、列数字:用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更准确.

? 列图表:用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更简明更直观.

?、引用说明:引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)

B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)

C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力.

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等.作用是增强说明的趣味性.(引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用;引起读者的阅读兴趣的作用.)篇三:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

写了什么,引出中心论点或论点,引起读者阅读兴趣和思考.(如果是事件还有作为事实论据证明论点)篇四:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

1)、结构、内容作用:引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作

用。

(2)、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……(事物特征或事理)，使说明……(作用)提问者评价太给力了，你的回答完美地解决了我的问题，非常感谢～篇五:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用

【记叙文】第一段的作用:

1.环境描写:点明故事发生的地点,环境,引出下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫

2.其他:开篇点题,奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫

【议论文】第一段的作用有:

1)、提出中心论点;(2)、引出论题;以上二个方面,要具体回答出提出中心论点或引出论题的具体方试,有的是通过名人名言、有的是通过名人佚事、有的是通过趣闻笑话等.

可以参考下面的具体答题规范格式的例子使用或变通使用:

?、开头通过写……的事例,提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题). ?、开头通过引用名言,提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题). ?开头通过引用名人趣事(或……的奇闻趣事),提出中心论点……(或引出……的论题),也起到吸引读者下读的作用,增强了论述的趣味性.

【说明文】第一段的作(来自:www.cnbOthwIn.com 博 威 范文 网:回答说明文文章第一段有什么作用)用:

这种题目有不同答题角度:

(1)、结构、内容作用:引出下文,文章第一段,通常

起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用.

(2)、结合说明方法谈.

通过……的说明方法,说明了……(事物特征或事理),使说明……(作用).

(常见说明方法的作用:,

?、举例子:通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明,从而使说明更具体

?、分类别:对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明,使说明更有条理性.

?、作比较:把和加以比较,突出强调了事物的特征/事理.

?、打比方:将比作,从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理.

?、下定义:用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、

更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理.

?、列数字:用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更准确.

? 列图表:用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明,

使说明更简明更直观.

?、引用说明:引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)

B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)

C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力.

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等.作用是增强说明的趣味性.

(引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用;引起读者的阅读兴趣的作用.)

范文二：解析此题问的是旅行计划都包括什么根据文章第一段Tr

Unit 4 Planning a Trip Part Two Read and Practice II. 1. Travel planning involves hours

and hours of searching for airfare arranging transportation accommodations and packing.

此题问的是旅行计划都包括什么。根据文章第一段“Travel planning involves hours

and hours of searching for airfare arranging transportation accommodations and packing.”这句话可知答案。 2. If you want to find cheap airfare you need to compare prices. Otherwise you may spend more money than you should have. 此题问的是为什

么你不能预订你找到的第一个航班。根据文章第二段中“If you want to find cheap

airfare you need to compare prices.”和“ If you don?t you could end up spending hundreds of dollars more than you should have”这两句话可知答案。 3. You should check what is

the best time to go and what is the weather like there. 此题问的是对于旅行目的地，你

应该注意什么。根据文章第三段中“Moreover you should also find out the best time of year to go”和 “Find out when the best weather is and plan your trip around those months”这两句话可知答案。 4. Because if you pack the day before your trip you will have to stay up all night packing and wear yourself out before you even leave for the trip. And you may forget something important. 此题问的是为什么不能在出发前一天整理

行李。根据文章第四段中“Because you don?t want to stay up all night packing and wear yourself out before you even leave for the trip. And what?s more you can avoid forgetting

something important.”这句话可知答案。 III. 1. book 2. abroad 3. compare 4. Search 5. deals 6. filled 7. discounts 8. end up IV. 1. abroad 2. instruction 3. avoid 4. foreign 5.

discount 6. accommodation 7. vacation 8. moreover 9. destination 10. deal V. 1. advance

2. enjoyable 3. destination 4. sense 5. disaster VI. 1. till 分析句子结构，本题两个分句

都是结构完整的句子，所以需要一个连词将两句话连接起来，构成一个完整的句子，

而符合题意的只有till。句子的意思是:“人们只有失去健康才知道它的价值。” 2.

discount 分析句子结构，谓语动词give缺少宾语，所以此处应该填一个名词，符合

题意的名次只有discount。句子的意思是:“现金支付他们给打九折。” 3. in advance 分

析句子结构，这句话主语、谓语、宾语都有，空白处所填词只能做状语，而符合题

意的只有短语in advance。句子的意思是“这本书必须提前付款。” 4. stayed up 分析

句子结构，这句话缺少谓语，所以此处应该填动词短语，而符合题意的动词短语只

有stay up。根据题意可知这个动作是发生在过去的，应用一般过去时。句子的意思

是:“我熬夜看书一直看到半夜。” 5. at least 空白处所填词或短语应该能够修饰名词

短语a week，符合题意的只有at least。句子的意思是:“他至少要离开一个星期。” 6.

compares 分析句子结构，这句话缺少谓语，所以此处应该填动词短语，而符合题意

的动词短语只有compare。主语the poet为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也应该用第

三人称单数形式。句子的意思是:“这位诗人在他的诗中把他的爱人比作玫瑰花。” 7.

involved 分析句子结构，这句话谓语成分残缺，所以此处所填词应与were 构成谓语

动词，而符合题意的只有involve，构成短语be involved in…(参与????，卷入????)。

句子的意思是:“所有的孩子都参与了学校的活动。 ” 8. exciting 空白处所填词或短

语应该能够修饰名词hunt，符合题意的只有exciting。句子的意思是:“那次打猎非常

激动人心，但是狐狸跑了。” 9. sense 此处应该填一个名词，放在定冠词a后面，符

合题意的只有sense。句子的意思是:“幽默感是一个人的重要资本。” 10. disasters 此

处应该填一个名词，与介词by构成介宾短语，并且由natural修饰，符合题意的只有

disaster，并且应该用复数形式。句子的意思是:“这些困难是由自然灾害引起的。” VII.

Famous occasional original Natural dangerous nervous 1. original 2. natural 3. occasional 4. famous 5. nervous 6. dangerous VIII. 1. Winning the first prize is always his life goal. Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies. 2. She can?t leave until Friday. I will wait here

until the concert is over. 3. I don?t like skating moreover the ice is too thin. The price is too high and moreover the house isn?t in a suitable position. 4. Remember to turn off lights before you go to bed. Do not skate on that river because the ice there is too thin. 5. Now more and more city adults spend their spare time trying to improve themselves at school or college. She spends two hours on television every evening. She spends two hours in watching television every evening. IX. 1. Do you spend much time searching through dictionaries for words to use 2. He was filled with joy and excitement when he heard that he could enter the college. 3. The police didn?t find out the truth until a year later. 4. Water will turn into ice if the temperature drops to 0?C. 5. Many students like staying up late to prepare for the test on the even of the exam. 6. In the United States people usually make an appointment with the doctor in advance before they go to see the doctor. 7. The dinner ended up with a dessert. 8. Anyone with common sense will not do such a foolish thing like that. X. 1. 旅行计划将涉及投入大量时间来搜寻机票的费用，

安排交通工具、住宿及整理行李。 2. 网络上有很多打折机票和便宜的机票。 3. 如

果你不花费点心思，结果你可能要比本应该花的多花几百美元。 4. 你应该至少提

前一周时间开始打包。 5. 因为你不会想在你出发前熬夜整理行李并把自己累垮吧。

6. 而且，提前整理你还可以避免遗忘一些重要的物品。 7. 旅行计划耗时、耗力，

还得具备一定的常识。 8. 恶劣的天气能立即使你令人兴奋的旅行变成呆在房间里

观看外国电视节目的一周。 XI. 1. C 此题问的是文章的大意。A讲的是“拥有一大片

树林的富人”，B讲的是“一个独自生活的可怜的爱尔兰人”，C讲的是“一个想办法吃

到早餐的聪明人”，D讲的是“一个拥有大家庭的爱尔兰猎人”。根据文章内容，可知

C为正确答案。 2. B 此题问的是为什么Lord Northwood脸上有愤怒的表情。根据文

章中“and Pat had no right to go there”和“There was a look of anger on Lord

Northwood?s face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat?s hands.”可知，Lord Northwood

知道Pat 是来打猎的，而Pat没有权利进入这片森林，所以答案为B。 3. A 此题问的

是为什么Lord Northwood感到十分惊奇。根据文章中“Pat?s heart sank with fear but he

saw there was no hope of escape so he walked boldly up to the company and said to Lord Northwood ?Good morning sir and what has brought you out so early this morning? Lord Northwood rather surprised said he and his friends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite for their breakfast.”这句话可知，Lord Northwood没有料到Pat会问他这么一个

问题，所以答案为A。 4. C 此题问的是Pat用什么使得这群人笑了起来。根据文章

中“?Well sir? said Pat ?I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.? The whole crowd burst into laughter at Pat?s ready wit …”这句话可知，大家是被Pat机

智的回答逗笑了，所以答案为C。 5. C 此题问的是为什么Pat可以呆在树林里试试

自己的运气。根据文章中“The whole crowd burst into laughter at Pat?s ready wit and

with a smile Lord Northwood walked on leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.”这句

话可知，是由于Pat机智的回答，他才得到打猎的机会，所以答案为C。 Part Three

Write and Produce Exercises for Practical Writing Dear Sir This is to give you one month?s notice as I will be shifting to my new house at Orillia. Please arrange to take the possession of the premises in the afternoon of 30th April and return the necessary deposit. Yours faithfully X X X Exercises for Compound-complex Sentence 1. I?ve been away

only for 3 years yet I can hardly recognize my hometown. 并列句 Although I?ve been away only for 3 years I can hardly recognize my hometown.复合句 2. She was beautiful and she knew it.并列句 She knew she was beautiful.复合句 3. She did her work carefully so she never made any mistakes.并列句 Because she did her work carefully

she never made any mistakes.复合句 4. I can?t hear her she has a low voice.并列句 I can?t hear her because she has a low voice.复合句 5. Jane was the oldest and so she

looked after the others.并列句 As Jane was the oldest she looked after the others.复合句 Part Four Pick up Your Grammar I. 1. C 根据时间状语nearly 50 years ago，可知谓语动

词应该用一般过去时;而主语the factory和谓语build之间是被动关系，所以答案为C。

句子的意思是:“这个工厂修建于50年前。” 2. D 此题意思是:“我们都相信在未来

几年中计算机会变得越来越小。”能表达此意的只有A、B和D选项。动词become、

get和turn adj.可以构成主系表结构，且不用被动语态，所以答案应选D。 3. D 分

析句子结构，主语he和谓语warn之间是被动关系，而这件事很明显是发生在过去，

所以答案为D。句子的意思是:“他被警告不要再把废纸扔在公共场所。” 4. A 主语

everything和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系。在将来时态中，被动语态形式为“主语

will be V.p.p.”，所以答案为A。句子的意思是:“不要担心，每件事都会按时完成。” 5. D 分析句子结构，主语such problems和谓语solve之间是被动关系，所以答案应选

D。“主语 have to be V.p.p.”的意思是“不得不被????”。句子的意思是:“这样的问

题不得不尽快解决。” 6. A 分析句子结构，主语her application for the position和谓语

refuse之间是被动关系，所以答案应选A。句子的意思是:“她申请那个职位被老板

拒绝了。” 7. B 动词happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态;时间状语at the time last year表明这件事发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以答案为B。句子的意思是:“这

件事发生在去年的这个时候。” 8. C 主语much和动词do之间是被动关系，时间状语

in the past few years是现在完成时的一个标志，所以正确答案是C。句子的意思是:“在

过去的几年中完成了很多事情。” 9. D 主语the match和谓语put off之间是被动关系，

应用被动语态，所以答案为D。句子的意思是:“由于下雨，比赛被推迟了。” 10. A increase在句中表示一种状态而不是动作，所以不能用被动语态;根据时间状语over the past 20 years，可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，

所以答案为A。句子的意思是:“在美国过去的20年中，工作时间增加了。” 11. B it在句中作形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句，而且it和think是被动关系，

应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是:“自从计算机发明以来，人们就认为它

们对科学研究而言是必不可少的。” 12. A 主语he和谓语employ之间是被动关系，应

用被动语态，而get employed是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by

短语，所以答案为A。句子的意思是:“他被告知毕业后会被一家公司聘用。” 13. B 主语the steps of progress in society和谓语think of之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所

以应选B。句子的意思是“不应该认为社会进步的步伐会在短时间内发生。” 14. A 主

语the kitchen和谓语clean之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。get V.p.p.是比较口语化

的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，故可以排除B和D。主句是一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态，故又可以排除C。所以，正确答案为A，这是过去进行时的被

动语态结构。句子的意思是:“他的妻子告诉他清洁工正在打扫厨房。” II. 1. Machines are made in that factory. 2. Rice is not grown in the west of Japan. 3. What are the boys

often told to do 4. How many desks are bought every term 5. That kind of shoes was sold in this shop last week 6. We were told a story last night. A story was told to us last night. 7. Was the blackboard cleaned just now 8. When was supper cooked yesterday 9. The young tree must be tied to the stick. 10. Her baby should be taken good care of. III. 1. The problem must be dealt with seriously. 2. This out-of-date teaching method must be done away with. 3. The kitchen was filled with smoke. 4. The medicine should be taken after dinner. 5. The natural resources here were hardly ever made use of. 课文翻译: 计

划旅程 计划一次旅程并非是一个假期中最令人愉快的时候。旅行计划将涉及投入大

量时间来搜寻机票的费用，安排交通工具、住宿及整理行李。以下是一些有益的提

示。 不要预定你所找到的第一个航班。如果你要去国外旅游并且需要预定机票，不

要预定你所找到的第一个航班。如果你想要找到便宜的机票，你需要对比各个航班

的价格。上网查询或打电话到航空公司去看看你所能找到的最便宜的交易。网络上

有很多打折机票和便宜的机票。如果你不花费点心思，结果你可能要比本应该花的

多花几百美元。 查找更多关于旅游目的地的信息。你需要调查你感兴趣的旅游目的

地的信息。而且，你也应该找出一年中最适宜的时候去旅行(你不会想在雨季时去

巴黎旅行吧)。找出天气最好的时候并把你的旅程大致定在那些月份。恶劣的天气

能立即使你那令人兴奋的旅行变成呆在房间里观看外国电视节目的一周。 不要等到

最后时刻才去整理行李。行李整理几乎总是旅行计划中的最后一项工作。但是你不

应该等到出发的前一天才开始整理打包。你应该至少提前一周时间开始打包。为何

呢,因为你不会想在你出发前熬夜整理行李并把自己累垮吧。而且，提前整理你还

可以避免遗忘一些重要的物品。 旅行计划耗时、耗力，还得具备一定的常识。如果

你不正确地进行计划的话，甚至还没出门，你的旅行就泡汤了。

范文三：文章第一段

文章第一段： 文章第一段：图画描述段 As is symbolically portrayed in the picture given above, there is/ are 方式+地点 sb. doing sth. [+方式 地点 时间 方式 地点+ 时间]

短文万能模板 功能 I：解决问题

这种类型的文章主要针对一些实际的问题分析其原因和后果，最后提出解决的措施。一般情况下三段 的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析问题所在，第三段提出解决方案。

1、身体健康类 模板 1：

The picture

. What is strikingly noticeable is shown in the picture.

, bu

t it can be easily explained by

The discernable unhealthiness sted in the China’s

discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long exi . On the other hand, . As a r

. One the one hand,

esult, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us. The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to .

To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend o should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.

, and those wh

（参见范文 2）

模板 2：

In the picture, we are amazed to find that n of , there are .

. It clearly tells us that in the domai

has long been a problem since re problem because of Firstly, . Secondly,

, and are turning to be an increasingly seve

. Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue. . Thirdly, .

Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting pr oblem demands effective counter-measures. Most importantly, the government needs to implemen t sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of n addition, all residents should be aware of . （参见范文 8） . I

2、职业道德类 模板 1：

We can see from the picture that

If appens to , , he would surely express . Firstly, . Consequently,

, but

.

. There are three reasons to explain why it h . Secondly, though

, which resulted from . Thirdly, .

I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. First ly, we need to endeavor to advocate . Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted

and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society. Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely. （参见范文 6）

模板 2： As is shown in the cartoon, . Take in the cartoon for example .

This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life. Nowadays, try their best to Such deeds not only , but also

. Instead, they only .

Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon. First an d foremost, . In addition, . All these steps can help guarantee a solid econom

ic order and a harmonious society. （参见范文 8）

3、人口增长类 模板 1：

The picture depicts a scene in which

. The scene is present

ed in an artistic and ironic ma

nner. Crowds of people are crammed in . Further examination reveals that .

Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day s uffer from the exhaustion of earth resources. Take , we find that . To make it worse, for example. Given the fact that .

If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controll ed, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’ future on Earth. s Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is, . A

ccordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction. （参见范文 3）

模板 2：

Basically, what we see in this cartoon is erestingly echos the .

. The

int .

while we can imagine

We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population. The striking point is that . On the contrary, . . As a result,

The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race.

. Hence, mankind

should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure t he prosperity of our future on this planet. （参见范文 2）

4、环境保护类 模板 1：

This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in . Hence, .

thanks to

Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that and for that matter, . A recent report also supported this view by .

, . On the c

ontrary, we are sad to perceive that

Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid coop eration fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt f

rom its harm. A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control . （参见范文 2）

模板 2： Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that ture, . . If e . Mo . Just as what is shown in the pic

This is a very serious social problem. Compared with other countries, China verybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to reover, it was reported that Though . Meanwhile, . Also, .

, it is never the only way. What’s important, to solve these problems depe

nds largely on our responsibility for society and environment. If the sense of responsibilit

y is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away. （参见范文 7）

II： 功能 II：论证观点

这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第 二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。

5、情感类 模板 1：

As is shown in the picture above, e can surmise that .

. Obviously from

w

It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the pr actice of . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our

everyday life deeds o . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about . . By ,

f similar nature. For instance,

. Not to mention those moving cases of

All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a people not only harvest ey. （参见范文 7） , but also gain

that can never be purchased via mon

模板 2： , just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’ s society, more and more people begin to The picture reminds us that in China, due to . In addition, we should not forget . . It is rather good news to , .

. Moreover, there are

is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words a nd is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of .

8、人生价值类 模板 1：

As the old Chinese saying goes, e in which .

The picture is meant to

. It echoes with this pictur

. The title of the picture further points out that

. As far as I am concerned, I think , where .

. This univers

al truth can be particularly proved in the field of A brief survey of history about . , for example,

also demonstrates the fundamental importance of . The same principle applies to common people as well, . （参见范文 5）

and I am sure everybody can benefit from

模板 2： From the picture we can perceive that s is that . It is known to all that . What astonishes the drawing and the reader , but it seems . . U

The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that ltimately, the trend boils down to is behavior is evoking . . Accordingly,

. To worsen the problem, th

In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that areness of should be infused into everybody’s mind. （参见范文 6） . Besides, an aw

III 功能 III：阐述现象

这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段 描述图画内容，第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。

6、文化交流类 模板 1： It is a very eye-catching photo in which s , which clearly indicates The sense of , and therefore, tion can be best exemplified by . , that is, . What makes this picture extraordinary i

that permeates this picture is representative of . China, in particular, .

. The effect of such communica

While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. , but more importantly, by . I firmly believe that

is not only featured by is contributing,

and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity. （参见范文 1）

模板 2： What is presented here is a very interesting scenario. nfer that . Conspicuously, . .

It partly owes to , and partly to . From the subtitle we can i

We can deduce from the picture that

. Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating . For example, . . To sum up, .

From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness As for China,

. Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural excha

nges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cul tures.

（参见范文 3）

7、教育类 模板 1： As the title indicates, “ . It is discernable that ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that .

The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is, . That is to say, . Such a pra . Secondly, .

ctice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects. Firstly, Last but not the least, In my point of view, .

, but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand, . As children are the future of our nation, c

. Therefore, it is an urgent task to

reating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.

模板 2： The picture shows . It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— ast with . One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to . On the other hand, . For example, , while . in contr . Sometimes . symbolizes . As is quoted in the picture,

In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measur es that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, is the basic solution of this is

a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to sue.

（参见范文 4）

9、家庭关系类 模板 1：

The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purp osefully exaggerates lem of

In fact, that It owes to

. This picture reveals the in-depth prob

.

. There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view. . .

In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that, ongly contend that . . Therefore, I str

模板 2： There is a popular Chinese song, named “ he in the picture does ”, which encourages . However, t . From the f

but for a very different reason— .

acial expression of

we can read

Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’ society, for which s are responsible. For one thing, . For another, . As a matter of fact, the bo

osting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of . The above analysis is best exemplified by . In my opinion, the awareness of

is elementary for paving the way towards success. （参见范文 6）

10、社会热点类 模板 1：

The two pictures illustrate vividly , while in the right .

. In the left picture

From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of her telling example is , which was so successful in .

. Aside from that

, anot . The pictur

es also make it obvious that we should Admittedly, it is natural that ernment and society to n short,

. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our gov . I

. In my opinion, what’s the more important is to

. （参见范文 1）

模板 2：

It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a curren t problem: . In this drawing, . Even .

. Thou . If we le

It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of gh the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in t this situation of . Accordingly, we urgently call for s to implement regulations, it still failz to e urgently solved so as to protect continues, it not only harms

, but also prevents

. Though the government has already taken pain . In my opinion, this problem should b

benefits. I expect the government will put forwar

d more effective propositions as soon as possible. （参见范文 5）

IV： 功能 IV：对比论证

这类功能具体是针对那些要求比较不同事物或者同一事物的不同方面的文章。一般情况下三段的分布 为： 第一段描述图画内容、 提出问题， 第二段列举和分析对于该问题的不同看法和观点、 进行对比和比较， 第三段阐明自己的观点和看法。

模板 1： According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture, . A the same time, s on . by claiming that . In their opinion, . In addit . Their re as the right one shows. Different people have different view

Some people support ion,

. Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who , sometimes for

asons are quite different, sometimes for r .

, sometimes simply fo

In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we s hould take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. The refore, my conclusion would be that .

模板 2： From the drawing, we can learn that educe from that people’s opinion on . It can be seen easily that. vary from person to person. . For example, they firmly believe that . Yet there are also another group of peop . Beside, . . We can d

Some people take it for granted that . But they often neglect that fact that

le who hold a different point of view. They think that

Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows. Firstly, . Moreover, . Lastly, . Therefore, .

范文四：文章第一段

文章第一段：图画描述段 [ 写第一、二共2句话 ]

文章第一句：there be 描述

小虹语录：这句话只要概括性的描述图画中的对象以及对象的动作状态或基本状态就可以了，我们可以采用初中就学过的there be 句型搞定，可以用简单句加简单词，但是一定不能写错

As is symbolically portrayed in the picture given above, there is/ are sb. doing sth.[+方式+地点+ 时间] .

历年真题举例：

2011 There are two people sitting on a boat and throwing rubbish into the lake. ( There are two tourists taking sightseeing on a small boat while dropping litter carelessly into a lake.)

2010 There is a boiling hot pot containing various elements (ingredients) of multi-culture.

2009 There are many people sitting in front of their computers and communicating with each other through the Internet.

2008 There are two disabled (crippled ) men running forward together.

2007 There are two people playing soccer on a court.

(There is a striker going to shoot at the goal defended by a goalkeeper on a football field.)

2005 There are four people standing in front of a goalmouth(goal) while an old man is sitting in the middle.

2004 There is a man running toward the finishing line of a race.

2003 There is a flower facing two completely different destinies in two different living circumstances.

2002 There is a young American girl wearing traditional Chinese dress and ornaments. 2001 There is a small oil lamp lighting up the dark room.

2000 There is a change between the number of fish boats and fishes.

文章第二句：细节描述

小虹语录：将图画中的人物的表情，道具，文字说明，左右图画分别描述进行细节性、补充性的描述；只写和主旨有关的内容-举例：“终点就是新起点”

相关道具：

2011- The lake is already full of flowing rubbish such as plastic containers, fish-bones, banana skin, watermelon rind, bottles, tins, food wrappings, and so on. 2010-These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as cultural celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare, and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, enlightenment, post-modernism, and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Peking Opera, kung fu, and Swan Lake.

2009- Their workplaces are divided into separate parts which isolate people from each other.

2008-They bind their disabled legs together and hold each other’s shoulder tightly, with their sticks left behind.

文字说明：The caption below the drawing indicates that

2010- the cultural “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious

2009-the near and far among the Internet.

2008-We can go anywhere with the combination of one of your legs and one of mine. 2005-a foot ball match of love

2004-the end is the beginning

2003-the flower in greenhouse can hardly withstand rain and storm

2001- and that the darker the room is, the brighter the lamp becomes . The caption below the drawing indicates that “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.”

两幅图画：

2007- on the left side, the goal-keeper imagine that he is so smaller than he actually is that guarding the goal becomes a mission impossible. On the right side, the striker is hesitant to shoot due to his illusion of the “giant ” goal-keeper.

2006-The past several years have witnessed a not uncommon phenomenon that people in increasing numbers are showing their admiration to their role model in an excessive way.(总句抽象)On the left side, the young man writes the word “BECKHAM” on his face. On the right side, the other young man spend RMB300 on his hair in a Beckham-style.

2003-on the left side, the flower is placed in a green house which shelters it from the severe wind and storm. On the right side, when removed from the green house and exposed to the wind and storm, the flower immediately fades and withers

2000- On the left side, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing boat in 1990. By contrast, on the right side, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing boats.

动作表情：

2006-the elderly son kicks out the father, and the second son is preparing for warding him off. The other two children are also reluctant to let their father roll into their goalmouth.

2004-Although sweating profusely and seems quite tired, he continues to run rather than stops on the finishing line.

2002- She looks very beautiful with a nice smile on her face. It seems that the girl is very fond of the Chinese costume.

文章第二段：寓意+论述 [ 写第三、四、五、六共4句话 ]

小虹语录：这段写4句话：第三句话，写图画寓意‘第四句话决定论述方式；第五、六句分别是具体的论据，需要考前大量背诵

文章第三句：寓意说明段

小虹语录：注意从表层含义到深层含义的提炼！图画所画的寓意一般都是表面的，浅显的，但是第二段提炼的寓意，应该是深刻的，概括的，切忌就画说话，应该以画见大

The cartoon aims at informing us of the phenomenon of / the situation of/ the problem of / the significance of / the merits（优点）of/ the demerits(缺点) of. 历年真题寓意提炼举例：

2011-informing us of the fact that the environment of scenic spots and many other places is being damaged now.

2010-informing us the situation of cultural integration.

2009-informing us of the merits and demerits of Internet.

2008-informing us of the importance of cooperation

2007-informing us of the fact that under no circumstances should we underestimate ourselves while overestimate the hardships. (the importance of confidence) 2006- informing us of the phenomenon of blind idol worship.

2005-informing us of the importance of love and responsibility.

2004-informing us of the significance of persistence.

2003-informing us of the fact t hat parents’ overprotecting will do harm to children. 2002-informing us of the phenomenon of cultural integration

2001-informing us of the fact that love seems to be greater when the need is greater. 2000-informing us of the fact that our natural resources have been seriously damaged.

文章第四句：论述方式

小虹语录：论述方式也即文章的展开方式，共四种：1解释原因、2利好重要、3弊端危害、4举例论证；写第二段的时候，你可以将这几种论证方式结合起来写，也可以一种写到尾，关键在于，那种论述方式，你的论证素材比较多，比较好些！

第一种论述方式-解释原因：

小虹语录：这种方式一般是写社会现实性比较强的话题，类似环保，产品质量，诚信，假货，物价高等；注意万能理由和论据的积累

Many factors can account for this phenomenon， and the followings might be the critical ones：

或What exactly contributes to this phenomenon ？it is a thought-provoking question and answers could be listed as follows：

(2011年；2010年；2006年；2005年；2003年；2002年；2000年)

第二种论述方式-利好重要：

小虹语录：这种论述方式，一般写积极价值观作文，比如自信、合作、爱心的重要性等等，关键要写作对哪些方面哪些人有哪些好处，需要背诵12条万能理由

We can’t emphasize too much the benefit/importance of sth. （confidence ， cooperation ，trust ）.

(2010年；2009年；2008年；2007年；2005年，2004年；2002年；2001年)

第三种论述方式-弊端危害：

小虹语录：这种论述方式，一般写价值观作文，但是一般都是缺乏自信、缺乏合作、缺乏爱心带来的危害，关键要写作对哪些方面哪些人有哪些坏处，需要背诵12条万能理由]

The sth. (loss of trust / absence of confidence ) will be bound to exert a detrimental impact on our life/ lives/growth/the development of economy.

(2011年；2009年；2007年；2006年；2005年；2003年；2000年)

第四种论述方式-举例论证：

小虹语录：这种论述方式，关键要看题目中有没有具体要求 give specific example，如果有要求，那就必须要用举例论证了，举例可以举身边的例子，自己的例子，也可以是社会现象，社会事件的例子

Quite a few examples can be given to prove the harm (demerits缺点) of sth. I can think of no better illustration than the following one:

举例：

Without confidence ， how can Yao Ming ，an once ordinary and unknown basketball player, achieve unprecedented success in NBA ? 2007年自信

The successful hosting of the 29th Beijing 2008 Olympic Games should be attributed to cooperation among people from all walks of life. 2008年合作

(2007年；2004年；2001年)

文章第五句：论据一 （1. 原因之一； 2.好处之一； 3.坏处之一；4. 例子之一） 文章第六句：论据二 （1. 原因之二； 2.好处之二； 3.坏处之二；4. 例子之二）

小虹语录：文章第五、六句是证明第四句话论证方式的例子，可以是写原因、好处、坏处和例子。考前都有类似于“12条万能利弊理由”和“话题论据积累”背诵，一定要背诵下来，以免考试的时候无话可说！

文章第三段：评论comments [ 写第七、八、九共3句话 ]

小虹语录：文章的最后一段时评论段，评论段有两种写法：

一、观点阐述段：也许图画的话题是一个正面积极地观点（如自信、合作等），那就不需要提出建议措施，只要写出你对这个观点的看法就可以了，一般采用利弊陈述的方式

二、建议措施段：提出某种社会现象（一般是负面的社会现象）的解决措施；

文章第三段的第一种写法：观点阐述型

文章第七句：提出个人观点

From my perspective ， the importance / benefit / harm / hazard of sth. is self-evident.

文章第八句：利弊陈述

For one thing，?（利处/弊端之一）.For another,?（利处/弊端之二）

文章第九句：美好愿景

It is deeply-rooted in my mind that we can ? as long as?

举例：It is deeply rooted in my mind that we can achieve our long-cherished goal as long as we are diligent enough.

文章第三段的第二种写法：建议措施型

文章第七句：号召句——呼吁大家采取措施行动来面对解决问题

In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be adopted before things get worse.

文章第八句：解决措施和建议（参考万能措施）

For one thing, 措施建议一； for another， 措施建议二

文章第九句：美好愿景（参考美好愿景总结）

Only in this way can we?

范文五：解析此题问的是旅行计划都包括什么根据文章第一段Tr...

Unit 4 Planning a Trip

Part Two Read and Practice

II.

1. Travel planning involves hours and hours of searching for airfare, arranging transportation,

accommodations and packing.

此题问的是旅行计划都包括什么。根据文章第一段“Travel planning involves hours and hours of searching for airfare, arranging transportation, accommodations and packing.”这句话可知答案。

2. If you want to find cheap airfare, you need to compare prices. Otherwise, you may spend more

money than you should have.

此题问的是为什么你不能预订你找到的第一个航班。根据文章第二段中“If you want

to find cheap airfare, you need to compare prices.”和“ If you don’t, you could end up spending hundreds of dollars more than you should have”这两句话可知答案。 3. You should check what is the best time to go and what is the weather like there.

此题问的是对于旅行目的地，你应该注意什么。根据文章第三段中“Moreover, you should also find out the best time of year to go”和 “Find out when the best weather is and plan your trip around those months”这两句话可知答案。

4. Because if you pack the day before your trip, you will have to stay up all night packing and

wear yourself out before you even leave for the trip. And you may forget something important.

此题问的是为什么不能在出发前一天整理行李。根据文章第四段中“Because you don’t

want to stay up all night packing and wear yourself out before you even leave for the trip. And

what’s more, you can avoid forgetting something important.”这句话可知答案。 III.

1. book 2. abroad 3. compare 4. Search 5. deals

6. filled 7. discounts 8. end up

IV.

1. abroad 2. instruction 3. avoid 4. foreign 5. discount

6. accommodation 7. vacation 8. moreover 9. destination 10. deal

V.

1. advance 2. enjoyable 3. destination 4. sense 5. disaster

VI.

1. till

分析句子结构，本题两个分句都是结构完整的句子，所以需要一个连词将两句话连接

起来，构成一个完整的句子，而符合题意的只有till。句子的意思是：“人们只有失去健康才

知道它的价值。”

2. discount

分析句子结构，谓语动词give缺少宾语，所以此处应该填一个名词，符合题意的名

次只有discount。句子的意思是：“现金支付他们给打九折。” 3. in advance

分析句子结构，这句话主语、谓语、宾语都有，空白处所填词只能做状语，而符合题

意的只有短语in advance。句子的意思是“这本书必须提前付款。” 4. stayed up

分析句子结构，这句话缺少谓语，所以此处应该填动词短语，而符合题意的动词短语

只有stay up。根据题意可知这个动作是发生在过去的，应用一般过去时。句子的意思是：“我

熬夜看书一直看到半夜。”

5. at least

空白处所填词或短语应该能够修饰名词短语a week，符合题意的只有at least。句子

的意思是：“他至少要离开一个星期。”

6. compares

分析句子结构，这句话缺少谓语，所以此处应该填动词短语，而符合题意的动词短语

只有compare。主语the poet为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也应该用第三人称单数形式。

句子的意思是：“这位诗人在他的诗中把他的爱人比作玫瑰花。” 7. involved

分析句子结构，这句话谓语成分残缺，所以此处所填词应与were 构成谓语动词，而

符合题意的只有involve，构成短语be involved in…（参与??，卷入??）。句子的意思是：“所有的孩子都参与了学校的活动。 ”

8. exciting

空白处所填词或短语应该能够修饰名词hunt，符合题意的只有exciting。句子的意思

是：“那次打猎非常激动人心，但是狐狸跑了。”

9. sense

此处应该填一个名词，放在定冠词a后面，符合题意的只有sense。句子的意思是：

“幽默感是一个人的重要资本。”

10. disasters

此处应该填一个名词，与介词by构成介宾短语，并且由natural修饰，符合题意的只

有disaster，并且应该用复数形式。句子的意思是：“这些困难是由自然灾害引起的。”

VII.

Famous occasional original

Natural dangerous nervous

1. original 2. natural 3. occasional 4. famous 5. nervous 6. dangerous

VIII.

1. Winning the first prize is always his life goal.

Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

2. She can’t leave until Friday.

I will wait here until the concert is over.

3. I don’t like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin.

The price is too high, and moreover, the house isn’t in a suitable position. 4. Remember to turn off lights before you go to bed.

Do not skate on that river because the ice there is too thin.

5. Now more and more city adults spend their spare time trying to improve themselves at school or

college.

She spends two hours on television every evening.

(She spends two hours in watching television every evening.)

IX.

1. Do you spend much time searching through dictionaries for words to use?

2. He was filled with joy and excitement when he heard that he could enter the college.

3. The police didn’t find out the truth until a year later.

4. Water will turn into ice if the temperature drops to 0?C.

5. Many students like staying up late to prepare for the test on the even of the exam.

6. In the United States, people usually make an appointment with the doctor in advance before

they go to see the doctor.

7. The dinner ended up with a dessert.

8. Anyone with common sense will not do such a foolish thing like that.

X.

1. 旅行计划将涉及投入大量时间来搜寻机票的费用，安排交通工具、住宿及整理行李。 2. 网络上有很多打折机票和便宜的机票。

3. 如果你不花费点心思，结果你可能要比本应该花的多花几百美元。 4. 你应该至少提前一周时间开始打包。

5. 因为你不会想在你出发前熬夜整理行李并把自己累垮吧。

6. 而且，提前整理你还可以避免遗忘一些重要的物品。

7. 旅行计划耗时、耗力，还得具备一定的常识。

8. 恶劣的天气能立即使你令人兴奋的旅行变成呆在房间里观看外国电视节目的一周。 XI.

1. C

此题问的是文章的大意。A讲的是“拥有一大片树林的富人”，B讲的是“一个独自生活的可怜的爱尔兰人”，C讲的是“一个想办法吃到早餐的聪明人”，D讲的是“一个拥有大家庭的爱尔兰猎人”。根据文章内容，可知C为正确答案。

2. B

此题问的是为什么Lord Northwood脸上有愤怒的表情。根据文章中“and Pat had no right to go there”和“There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood’s face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat’s hands.”可知，Lord Northwood 知道Pat 是来打猎的，而Pat没有权利进入这片森林，所以答案为B。

3. A

此题问的是为什么Lord Northwood感到十分惊奇。根据文章中“Pat’s heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly up to the company and said to

Lord Northwood, ‘Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning?’ Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his friends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite

for their breakfast.”这句话可知，Lord Northwood没有料到Pat会问他这么一个问题，所以答案为A。

4. C

此题问的是Pat用什么使得这群人笑了起来。根据文章中“‘Well, sir,’ said Pat, ‘I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.’ The whole crowd burst into laughter at

Pat’s ready wit …”这句话可知，大家是被Pat机智的回答逗笑了，所以答案为C。 5. C

此题问的是为什么Pat可以呆在树林里试试自己的运气。根据文章中“The whole crowd burst into laughter at Pat’s ready wit, and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to

try his luck with the rabbits.”这句话可知，是由于Pat机智的回答，他才得到打猎的机会，所

以答案为C。

Part Three Write and Produce

Exercises for Practical Writing

Dear Sir,

This is to give you one month’s notice as I will be shifting to my new house at Orillia.

Please arrange to take the possession of the premises in the afternoon of 30th April and return the

necessary deposit.

Yours faithfully,

X X X

Exercises for Compound-complex Sentence

1. I’ve been away only for 3 years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown. (并列句) Although I’ve been away only for 3 years, I can hardly recognize my hometown.(复合句) 2. She was beautiful and she knew it.(并列句)

She knew she was beautiful.(复合句)

3. She did her work carefully, so she never made any mistakes.(并列句) Because she did her work carefully, she never made any mistakes.(复合句) 4. I can’t hear her; she has a low voice.(并列句)

I can’t hear her because she has a low voice.(复合句)

5. Jane was the oldest, and so she looked after the others.(并列句) As Jane was the oldest, she looked after the others.(复合句)

Part Four Pick up Your Grammar

I.

1. C

根据时间状语nearly 50 years ago，可知谓语动词应该用一般过去时；而主语the factory和谓语build之间是被动关系，所以答案为C。句子的意思是：“这个工厂修建于50年前。”

2. D

此题意思是：“我们都相信在未来几年中计算机会变得越来越小。”能表达此意的只有

A、B和D选项。动词become、get和turn + adj.可以构成主系表结构，且不用被动语态，

所以答案应选D。

3. D

分析句子结构，主语he和谓语warn之间是被动关系，而这件事很明显是发生在过去，

所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“他被警告不要再把废纸扔在公共场所。” 4. A

主语everything和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系。在将来时态中，被动语态形式为

“主语+will be + V.p.p.”，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“不要担心，每件事都会按时完成。”

5. D

分析句子结构，主语such problems和谓语solve之间是被动关系，所以答案应选D。

“主语+ have to + be +V.p.p.”的意思是“不得不被??”。句子的意思是：“这样的问题不得

不尽快解决。”

6. A

分析句子结构，主语her application for the position和谓语refuse之间是被动关系，所以答案应选A。句子的意思是：“她申请那个职位被老板拒绝了。” 7. B

动词happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；时间状语at the time last year表明这件事发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以答案为B。句子的意思是：“这件事发生在去年的这

个时候。”

8. C

主语much和动词do之间是被动关系，时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的一个标志，所以正确答案是C。句子的意思是：“在过去的几年中完成了很多事情。” 9. D

主语the match和谓语put off之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“由于下雨，比赛被推迟了。”

10. A

increase在句中表示一种状态而不是动作，所以不能用被动语态；根据时间状语over the past 20 years，可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，所以答案

为A。句子的意思是：“在美国过去的20年中，工作时间增加了。” 11. B

it在句中作形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句，而且it和think是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是：“自从计算机发明以来，人们就认为它们

对科学研究而言是必不可少的。”

12. A

主语he和谓语employ之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，而get employed是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“他被告知毕业后会被一家公司聘用。”

13. B

主语the steps of progress in society和谓语think of之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，

所以应选B。句子的意思是“不应该认为社会进步的步伐会在短时间内发生。” 14. A

主语the kitchen和谓语clean之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。get +V.p.p.是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，故可以排除B和D。主句是一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态，故又可以排除C。所以，正确答案为A，这是过去进行时的被动语态

结构。句子的意思是：“他的妻子告诉他清洁工正在打扫厨房。” II.

1. Machines are made in that factory.

2. Rice is not grown in the west of Japan.

3. What are the boys often told to do?

4. How many desks are bought every term?

5. That kind of shoes was sold in this shop last week

6. We were told a story last night. (A story was told to us last night.)

7. Was the blackboard cleaned just now?

8. When was supper cooked yesterday?

9. The young tree must be tied to the stick.

10. Her baby should be taken good care of.

III.

1. The problem must be dealt with seriously.

2. This out-of-date teaching method must be done away with.

3. The kitchen was filled with smoke.

4. The medicine should be taken after dinner.

5. The natural resources here were hardly ever made use of.

课文翻译：

计划旅程

计划一次旅程并非是一个假期中最令人愉快的时候。旅行计划将涉及投入大量时间来

搜寻机票的费用，安排交通工具、住宿及整理行李。以下是一些有益的提示。

不要预定你所找到的第一个航班。如果你要去国外旅游并且需要预定机票，不要预定

你所找到的第一个航班。如果你想要找到便宜的机票，你需要对比各个航班的价格。上网查

询或打电话到航空公司去看看你所能找到的最便宜的交易。网络上有很多打折机票和便宜的

机票。如果你不花费点心思，结果你可能要比本应该花的多花几百美元。

查找更多关于旅游目的地的信息。你需要调查你感兴趣的旅游目的地的信息。而且，

你也应该找出一年中最适宜的时候去旅行（你不会想在雨季时去巴黎旅行吧）。找出天气最

好的时候并把你的旅程大致定在那些月份。恶劣的天气能立即使你那令人兴奋的旅行变成呆

在房间里观看外国电视节目的一周。

不要等到最后时刻才去整理行李。行李整理几乎总是旅行计划中的最后一项工作。但

是你不应该等到出发的前一天才开始整理打包。你应该至少提前一周时间开始打包。为何

呢？因为你不会想在你出发前熬夜整理行李并把自己累垮吧。而且，提前整理你还可以避免

遗忘一些重要的物品。

旅行计划耗时、耗力，还得具备一定的常识。如果你不正确地进行计划的话，甚至还

没出门，你的旅行就泡汤了。

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